Fundamentos de Los Ciclos Termodinamicos

TAREA #1
FUNDAMENTOS DE LOS CICLOS
KARIM ORTIZ ALDACO
PLANTAS TERMICAS Y USO RACIONAL DE LA ENERGIA
Profeso: Dr. ALEJANDRO ZALETA AGUILAR
5 DE FEBRERO DE 2016
Universidad de Guanajuato.
Divisin de ingenieras
Campus Irapuato Salamanca
PLANTAS TERMICAS
Y USO RACIONAL DE LA ENERGIA
ALUMNO: KARIM ORTIZ ALDACO
PROFESOR: Dr. ALEJANDRO ZALETA AGUILAR
TAREA #1 FUNDAMENTOS DE LOS CICLOS
TAREA 1: CICLOS TERMODINAMICOS
Ciclo de Rankine:
El ciclo de Rankine es un ciclo termodinmico que tiene como objetivo la conversin de calor
en trabajo, constituyendo lo que se denomina un ciclo de potencia. Como cualquier otro ciclo de
potencia, su eficiencia est acotada por la eficiencia termodinmica de un ciclo de Carnot que
operase entre los mismos focos trmicos (lmite mximo que impone el Segundo Principio de la
Termodinmica). Debe su nombre a su desarrollador, el ingeniero y fsico escocs William John
Macquorn Rankine.
PLANTAS TERMICAS
CICLO DIESSEL
The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it,
fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the combustion chamber, into
which fuel is then injected. This is in contrast to igniting the fuel-air mixture with a spark plug
as in the Otto cycle (four-stroke/petrol) engine. Diesel engines are used in aircraft, automobiles,
power generation, diesel-electric locomotives, and both surface ships and submarines.[dubious
discuss]
The Diesel cycle is assumed to have constant pressure during the initial part of the
"combustion" phase (V_2 to V_3 in the diagram, below). This is an idealized mathematical
model: real physical diesels do have an increase in pressure during this period, but it is less
pronounced than in the Otto cycle. In contrast, the idealized Otto cycle of a gasoline engine
approximates a constant volume process during that phase.
PLANTAS TERMICAS
Otto cycle
An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical
spark ignition piston engine.[1] It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in
automobile engines.
Pressure-Volume diagram
Temperature-Entropy diagram
The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a mass of gas as it is subjected to changes of
pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The mass of gas that is
subjected to those changes is called the system. The system, in this case, is defined to be the
fluid (gas) within the cylinder. By describing the changes that take place within the system, it
will also describe in inverse, the system's effect on the environment. In the case of the Otto
cycle, the effect will be to produce enough net work from the system so as to propel an
automobile and its occupants in the environment.
The Otto cycle is constructed from:
Top and bottom of the loop: a pair of quasi-parallel and isentropic processes (frictionless,
adiabatic reversible).
PLANTAS TERMICAS
Left and right sides of the loop: a pair of parallel isochoric processes (constant volume)
Mixed/dual cycle
The dual combustion cycle (also known as the limited pressure or mixed cycle, Trinkler cycle,
Seiliger cycle or Sabathe cycle) is a thermal cycle that is a combination of the Otto cycle and
the Diesel cycle, first introduced by Russian-German engineer Gustav Trinkler. Heat is added
partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure, the advantage of which is that more
time is available for the fuel to completely combust. Because of lagging characteristics of fuel
this cycle is invariably used for diesel and hot spot ignition engines. The P-V diagram is given
below:
The dual cycle consists of following operations:
1-2 Adiabatic compression
2-3 Addition of heat at constant volume.
3-4 Addition of heat at constant pressure.
4-5 Adiabatic expansion.
5-1 Rejection of heat at constant volume.
4
PLANTAS TERMICAS
Brayton cycle
The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of a constant pressure
heat engine. Gas turbine engines and airbreathing jet engines use the Brayton cycle. Although
the Brayton cycle is usually run as an open system (and indeed must be run as such if internal
combustion is used), it is conventionally assumed for the purposes of thermodynamic analysis
that the exhaust gases are reused in the intake, enabling analysis as a closed system.
The engine cycle is named after George Brayton (18301892), the American engineer who
developed it, although it was originally proposed and patented by Englishman John Barber in
1791.[1] It is also sometimes known as the Joule cycle. The Ericsson cycle is similar to the
Brayton cycle but uses external heat and incorporates the use of a regenerator. There are two
types of Brayton cycles, open to the atmosphere and using internal combustion chamber or
closed and using a heat exchanger.
PLANTAS TERMICAS
Ericsson cycle
The Ericsson cycle is named after inventor John Ericsson, who designed and built many unique
heat engines based on various thermodynamic cycles. He is credited with inventing two unique
heat engine cycles and developing practical engines based on these cycles. His first cycle is now
known as the closed Brayton cycle, while his second cycle is what is now called the Ericsson
cycle.
Ideal Ericsson cycle

The following is a list of the four processes that occur between the four stages of the ideal
Ericsson cycle:
PLANTAS TERMICAS
Process 1 -> 2: Isothermal compression. The

compression space is assumed to be intercooled,
the gas undergoes isothermal compression. The
compressed air flows into a storage tank at
constant pressure. In the ideal cycle, there is no
heat transfer across the tank walls.
Process 2 -> 3: Isobaric heat addition. From
the tank, the compressed air flows through the
regenerator and picks up heat at a high constantpressure on the way to the heated power-cylinder.
Process 3 -> 4: Isothermal expansion. The
power-cylinder expansion-space is heated
externally, and the gas undergoes isothermal
expansion.
Process 4 -> 1: Isobaric heat removal. Before
the air is released as exhaust, it is passed back
through the regenerator, thus cooling the gas at a
low constant pressure, and heating the
regenerator for the next cycle.
The Stirling cycle
so
PLANTAS TERMICAS
The Stirling cycle is a thermodynamic

cycle that describes the general class of
Stirling devices. This includes the original
Stirling engine that was invented,
developed and patented in 1816 by
Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling with help
from his brother, an engineer.

Fundamentos de Los Ciclos Termodinamicos

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TAREA #1

FUNDAMENTOS DE LOS CICLOS

KARIM ORTIZ ALDACO

PLANTAS TERMICAS Y USO RACIONAL DE LA ENERGIA

Profeso: Dr. ALEJANDRO ZALETA AGUILAR

TAREA 1: CICLOS TERMODINAMICOS

Ideal Ericsson cycle

Process 1 -> 2: Isothermal compression. The

The Stirling cycle

The Stirling cycle is a thermodynamic

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