Acid-Base Titration: Standardization and Titrimetric Analysis

K. L. Yamauchi; K. F. A. Pagara
E-mail: kenyamauchi90@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Titrimetric analysis are based on titration methods to determine composition of specific substance in a sample. Acid-base titration
is common to use if the sample to be tested contains amount of either acid or base. In this titration, indicator is used to signal the
experimenter that the neutralization reaction is completed. The setup for titration is a burette clamp holding a burette placed in an
iron stand. To create standard solutions, a dilute solution was made and was able to determine the concentration by titration.
Introduction:
Titrimetric analysis is used to measure the relative
composition of a specific substance in a given unknown
sample by titration. There are many methods of titrimetric
analysis. In this experiment acid-base titration is used.
Acid-base titration is dependent on the neutralization
reaction between an acid and a base. A change in color in
the indicator added signals the complete reaction with that
specific substance to be determined. The procedures in
this analysis requires an experimenter to have a sharp eye
since a change in color is rapidly converging to the point
where complete reaction is reached. Typical titrations
require titrant and analyte to be in a liquid (solution) form.
Concentrated analytes are often diluted to improve
accuracy.
Alkalimetry and acidimetry is a kind of volumetric analysis
in which the fundamental reaction is neutralization reaction.
Alkalimetry is the specialized analytic use of acid-base
titration to determine the concentration of a basic
(synonymous to alkaline) substance. Acidimetry,
sometimes spelled acidometry, is the same concept of
specialized analytic acid-base titration, but for an acidic
substance.
In the experiment, standardize first the acid and base so as
to determine the concentration of acid and base to be used
for acid-base titration of commercial products. The
commercial products to be tested are fruit juice for the citric
acid content and white wine for the tartaric acid content. In
addition to, soda ash sample is to be tested also of sodium
carbonate content. Phenolphthalein and bromocresol green
indicators are used for the trials.
To calculate for the concentration of standard titrants, have
the amount reacted then use stoichiometric factor to be
multiplied. This principle is used to determine the amount of
specific substance present in a sample to be tested.
Methods:
Preparation of Titration:

A burette was placed in a burette clamp then it was hanged

on an iron stand. A diluted solution of NaOH was used to
clean the burette to be used for titration for acid
determination of commercial products.
Titration
In the sample, indicator was added. Color change
occurred. Right choice of indicator is dependent on the
substance to be used. After color change persisted for
some seconds, the neutralization reaction was completed.
In the base titration, phenolphthalein was used. For acid
titration, bromocresol green was used.
Standardizing NaOH and HCl solution
To standardize, have a few amount of concentrated NaOH
and HCl that is to be diluted at a concentration of about 0.1
M. In a volumetric flask, half fill it with distilled water, then
place the concentrated NaOH. Fill after to the mark. Do the
same thing in another volumetric flask for HCl. Then,
dissolve KHP (potassium phthalate) in a flask and add
indicator. Titrate it with NaOH diluted solution. The molarity
of diluted NaOH solution is given by:
molarity NaOH

wt. KHP mol.wt. KHP 1 mole NaOH

volume NaOH
1 mole KHP

To determine the concentration of HCl, fill a flask with HCl

and add indicator. Titrate it with NaOH. The molarity of
diluted HCl solution is given by:
volume NaOH molarity NaOH
volume HCl
1 mole HCl

1 mole NaOH

molarity HCl

Determination of tartaric acid in white wine

After dilution of white wine, and divided into aliquots with
indicator added, they were then titrated with NaOH
standard solution. The weight of tartaric acid in white wine
is calculated by:

wt. C 4 H 6 O 6 volume NaOH molarity NaOH

2 mole C 4 H 6 O 6

mol.wt. C 4 H 6 O 6
1 mole NaOH

Then, it let to be cooled. After that, titration was continued.

The weight of sodium carbonate in soda ash is given by:
wt. Na 2CO3 volume HCl molarity HCl

Determination of citric acid in apple juice

After filling the flask with enough volume of apple juice
aliquots with indicator added, they were titrated with NaOH
standard solution. The weight of citric acid in apple juice is
calculated by:
wt. C 6 H 8 O 7 volume NaOH molarity NaOH

3 mole C 6 H 8 O 7
mol.wt. C 6 H 8 O 7
1 mole NaOH

1 mole Na 2CO3
mol.wt. Na 2CO3
2 mole HCl

Results and Discussions:

Conclusion:
References:

Determination of sodium carbonate content in soda ash

After dissolving few amounts of soda ash with indicator

added, it was then titrated with HCl standard solution. It
was boiled in hot plate until the solution turns into blue.

Quantitative Chemical Analysis , 7Ed. by Daniel

C. Harris. Freeman and Company 2007

Acknowledgement: