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Bell Curve
Thursday, July 25, 2013
Greenwich: In the Mean Time
Matthew J. Bell
with Jim Brandon

author of Weird America and The Rebirth of Pan

[T]he blowing up of the first meridian
is bound to raise a howl of execration.
- Joseph Conrad, The Secret Agent[1]
In the previous post, In Tenebris, we took on the topic of the layers of symbolism enveloping the City
of London world financial center. Our treatment was occasioned by a fictional terrorist bombing there
perhaps near the intensely occultic Knights Templar church as depicted in the new blockbuster
movie, Star Trek Into Darkness (Into Darkness).
We now propose to explore further into and in a moment, farther southeast of this lurid Londoniana.
Our primary setting will shift to Greenwich [2] (from the ...Old English Grenewic ...literally Green
Harbor.),[3] where so-called Universal Time is officially based. Time and space are measured
from [Greenwich] in the astute words of the unusual group called the London psychogeographers.[4]
This modern function is nevertheless in keeping with an ancient tradition, it seems. For Greenwich
was once an area of great sacred importance... in the view of the insightful Aquarian Guide to
Legandary London.[5] So, if science and its handmaiden technology have become the de-facto religion
of the day, this area must be a veritable Vatican or Mecca. How the Greenwich conversion from the
mythic or folkloric to the highly technical was made, at a critical turning point of European culture,
will soon be told.

(Image source) ; Tower of London.

( Image source) ; Legendary king Brn.

As we noted in part one, the Prime Meridian of longitude was established at Greenwich by high adepts
of alchemy and occult orders. Their starting point? The ominously portentous Tower of London,
reputed site of the ancient British palladium of power, the buried head of the Celtic king, Bran. From
the Tower precincts the adepts measured in English miles, to four decimal places, a number that is
generated by every school child studying simple geometry and the ratio of the circumferance of a circle
to its diameter. In short, pi: or 3.1416 miles due east to the new meridian at Greenwich.
That at least was the claim of a little-known Scottish geometry savant, Hamish MacHuisdean, whose
unusual work coauthor Jim Brandon discovered by chance years ago. In a moment, we will be taking a
close look at the chief MacH. contentions that the pi constant is discrete at 3.1416 and not an irrational
or infinitely recurring decimal and that the 31416 series is the secret derivation of 33, the master

Mason degree.
All this and the Kabbalah, too. We will consider the tantalizing indications of a cryptic rle played by
the formidable Jewish esoteric complex in these undertakings of the British maguses.
Traditional Aspects of Time

(Image source)

(Image source) One manifestation of the Creator-Destroyer duality is the Hindu deity, Shiva,[6] whose statue stands outside of the particle
accelerator at CERN [7] (top). Kali, Hindu goddess of death and time, [8] is one of Shivas consorts. [9] Another manifestation of the
same idea, as represented in a Masonic Lodge (middle).[10] Duncans legend reads: 1. Candidate prays. 2. First stop. 3. Second stop. 4.
Third stop. 5. Room where candidates are prepared. 6. Ante-room where members enter the lodge. 7. Hall. 8. Doors. 9. Door through
which candidates are admitted into the lodge. 10. Door through which members enter. 11. Altar. 12. Treasurer. 13. Secretary. 14. Senior
Deacon. 15. Worshipful Master. 16. Junior Warden. 17 and 18. Stewards. 19. Senior Warden. 20. Junior Deacon. 21. Tyler.[11] The same
east (oriens), west (occidens), noon (meridies) layout appears on the Rosicrucian Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum (1618, bottom).

For now, since Time is of the essence at Greenwich, we need to lay groundwork. Time, considered as

a deity, is both [t]he Creator and Devourer. ...it is... the revealer of Truth.[12] Midway between the
poles of creation and destruction is the vast middle ground over which operates a maintaining or
sustaining force that keeps the present order. Hence, In all the ancient mythologies there were triads...a
creator, a preserver, and a destroyer. ...[In the heathen system of] the Indian, Brahma, Vishnu, and
Siva... This system of triads... has become... in Freemasonry... the triad of three governing officers...
[t]he Master and the two Wardens... We must...look for the origin of the triads... to the three positions
and functions of the sun. The rising sun or creator of light, the meridian sun or its preserver, and the
setting sun or its destroyer....[13]

(Image source) In the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, the Thirteenth Degree or Knights of the Ninth Arch is properly an cossais
[i.e., Scottish] Degree.[14] While there is no longer a working astronomical observatory at Greenwich, a ball still drops daily to mark
the exact moment of 1 p.m.....[15] 1 p.m. Is the 13th hour.

To the Freemason, Time ...is ...the symbol of well-directed perseverance in the performance of
duty.[16] And the great object of a Freemasons labor is to at last obtain the true Word which is the
symbol of Divine Truth.[17] The true Word was, according to Freemasonic legend, rediscovered
...at the hour of meridian....[18] Importantly, [t]he cessation of time is the break-through to
enlightenment; eternity.[19]
This complex tissue of subtle symbolism was not lost on famed novelist, Joseph Conrad. His story, The
Secret Agent, depicts an attempted bombing ...attack on the Greenwich meridian..., which target
represents ...a displaced attack on the empire....[20] Conrad explicitly describes the plot to detonate a
bomb at the prime meridian in terms of ...rendering of cosmic chaos....[21] However, it is not simply
the return to chaos as the Joker-character seemingly wants, as an agent of chaos [22] in The Dark
Knight Batman movie (2008). [23] Rather, what is in view is a combination of chaos and eternity,
[24] exactly along the symbolical lines one would expect from a plot, not simply to blow up a
landmark, but to control or harness the occult power of Time (Cronos/Saturn [25]) itself. [26] Although
not about Greenwich, specifically, the reader may find it useful to ponder the comment of award
winning English author (and psycho-geographer), Peter Ackroyd: There are parts of London where
time has actually hardened and come to an end. [27]
Actual Terrorism Near Greenwich
Our present study is not merely concerned with thriller novels or science fiction movies, however.
Within the last few weeks, the United Kingdom experienced its first terrorist attack since the 7/7
Bombing of 2005, when a British soldier (with duties in the Tower of London) was hacked to death at
2:20pm, Greenwich-time, on a street in the district of Woolwich. Woolwich is now located in the
Royal Borough of Greenwich.[28]
About the selection of the attack location, journalist Andrew Gilligan writes the following.
The site of Wednesdays attack was not random, nor in all probability was it chosen simply because
there was a barracks nearby. Woolwich, as not many people seem to have realised, is one of the cradles
of al-Muhajiroun. ...Woolwich is at the join of yet another extremist-related ley line. It is not just a
major military garrison; it is not just one of the spawning-grounds of al-Muhajiroun; it is also, of

course, home to the main Category-A prison where accused terrorists are held, and the main court,
attached to it for security reasons, where terrorist trials take place.[29]
Despite the fact that Gilligans use of the phrase ley line arguably is merely artistic, it nevertheless
brings the idea of mystical alignments into the public arena.
Also worthy of mention is a so-called ...French plot to change the way we tell the time....[30] This
might be thought nothing more than a foofaraw, were it not for the the potent symbols swirling around
Greenwich as well as the fact that this dispute over time-keeping must be set against the historic
dispute over longitude-determination. The French clung to the Paris meridian as a rival to Greenwich
until 1911 for timekeeping purposes and 1914 for navigation. To this day, French cartographers
continue to indicate the Paris meridian on some maps. [31] And it may be recalled that a
representation of this line, inlaid in the floor of an important Paris church, was shown in the recent
film, The DaVinci Code.

(Image source)

(Image source) John Harrison, from Into Darkness (top); John Harrison, solver of the longitude problem and inventor of the marine
chronometer (bottom).

But we are getting ahead of ourselves. Let us back up and consider Into Darkness. As previously noted,
the main villain in this latest Star Trek is Khan. But Khan is introduced under the alias John Harrison.
John Harrison also names a historical personage, in this case, the man remembered for having solved
the longitude problem. (Incidentally, this study was also a part-time occupation of Emmanuel
Swedenborg. See HERE.)
The longitude problem is simply a label for the difficulty, in an era predating satellites and fancy
techno-gadgetry, of determining ones longitude on the open sea. It turns out that every 15 degree
movement due east or west has the effect of adding or subtracting one hour from ones local time.
Hence, if one can compare ones local time, which local time can be gleaned from the position of the
sun, to a reference time at a location with a known longitude, one can calculate the longitude of ones
current position. [32]
Siting the Meridian Line
Greenwich, England was selected for the longitude reference position. Towards this end, a project was
begun involving alchemist and physicist, Isaac Newton to establish a line of 0 degrees longitude,
running through Greenwich. [33]

(Image source: MacHuisdean, The Great Law, p. 86, figure 15.)

(Image source: MacHuisdean, op. cit., p. 47.)

How was this done? We wouldnt have had a clue, except that, as we noted at the outset, a Scottish
geometer and arithmetician named MacHuisdean (MacH for short) had published in the 1920s and 30s
a curious and offbeat book that he called The Great Law. [34] When Jim Brandon, by sheer chance,
found a copy of this in the amazing old Atlantis Bookstore on Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles
years ago, he immediately saw its value in relation to the Prime Meridian. This imaginary but worldhistorically-important symbol construct had piqued his curiosity since reading Joseph Conrads The
Secret Agent as a kid.
Quite discursive in nature, MacHs book will quickly be found to have a fascination if not a

monomania for the pi factor, citing a vast number of instances in which 3.1416 or variants up to 31416
recur in sites of geodetic interest to the author. These are primarily around the British Isles and by far
the most important is the one shown above, asserting the pi-miles distance from the Tower of Londons
adjunct Salt Tower to zero Greenwich. MacH tosses off this highly significant finding tersely, only
citing the Ordnance Survey Office in Southhampton as his source and offering no insights on why or
by whom the mileage was selected. [35]
Verifying these claims has turned out to be a major work in progress, since what MacH seems to be
talking about must be maps published three-quarters of a century ago by the British agency in question
but locating them now in this country has not been fruitful. Also, the distance given by the Google
mapping service from Salt Tower to Greenwich varies slightly depending upon where one places the
ruler points. However, from the (eye-balled) center of the Salt Tower to roughly the center of Prime
Meridian Walk, is 3.16019 miles, by our quick-and-dirty Google calculation.

(Image source: Google Maps.)

One can obtain MacHs pi-distance by placing the first ruler point on the easternmost edge of the Salt
Tower. However, one ends up slightly to the west of Prime Meridian Walk. Perhaps the street name is
a misnomer.

(Image source: Google Maps.)

In resolving this discrepancy there are several possibilities. 1 MacH correctly read his Ordnance map
which was itself correct, but the current Google distance is wrong. 2 MacH was correct reading the
map but the map itself was wrong, and Google is right. 3 Google is right and MacH, by error or
(heaven forbid!) design, misrepresented the map which had no pi distance and substituted his favorite
number. 4 MacH correctly read his Ordnance map, which was itself correct, but the Google distance
calculations are at variance with MacH because the relevant measurements are sensitive to the exact
exact trajectory line MacH used, and this line is unknown to us. However, to round out our last
possibility, we may suppose that were MacHs trajectory lines known, Google would confirm MacHs
distance computations.
So, considering all of that and on the offchance that there really was a pi distance plotted out by God
knows whom for this key geodetic link-up of the Tower palladium to the Greenwich node for time and
space and just imagine what psycho-geo novelist Peter Ackroyd could do with that image of the King
Bran head still ritually venerated in a crypt under the Tower we will examine 3.1416 a bit further.
Surprisingly, this will involve a major Kabbalah connection, bringing in that high-voltage Jewish

mystical aspect, which was certainly in the air at the time of Isaac Newton and the Royal Society clique
and nascent Freemasonry in the late 1600s.
The Kabbalah will be found to embody the pi factor as a coordinate regulating the spatial aspects of
creation. As this will be a considerable side trip from our present topic, however, we must consign that
account plus some further aspects of the seat-of-the-pants kabbalism of Hamish MacHuisdean to
the notes. But the fundamental point to remember is that it is entirely possible that the Prime Meridian
may have been placed according to kabbalistic principles. [36],[37]
The Greenwich Royal Observatory was established for the purpose of precisifying moon observation
data, one step on the road to making possible longitude determination at sea. [38]
King Charles II founded the Royal Observatory in 1675 to solve the problem of finding longitude at
sea. If an accurate catalogue of the positions of the stars could be made, and the position of the Moon
then measured accurately relative to the stars, the Moons motion could be used as a natural clock to
calculate Greenwich Time. Sailors at sea could measure the Moons position relative to bright stars and
use tables of the Moons position, compiled at the Royal Observatory, to calculate the time at
Greenwich. This means of finding Longitude was known as the Lunar Distance Method. [39]
We encountered King Charles II previously. He is the monarch who provided for ravens to populate, in
perpetuity, the grounds in front of the White Tower. He also established, in 1660, the Royal Society of
London. Authors Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh note that Charles II was deeply interested in
alchemy.... [40]

(Image source)

John Harrison, also the name of a chief protagonist in the recent movie, Star Trek Into Darkness,
provided another piece of the puzzle. He invented a clock (the marine chronometer) that would keep
fairly accurate time, despite the disrupting motion of ocean waves.

(Image source)

(Image source) Top: The spinning vortex of Saturns north polar storm resembles a deep red rose [41] surrounded by green foliage in
this false-color image from NASAs Cassini spacecraft; [42] Bottom: Saturns mysterious northern vortex, a vast hexagon-shaped
storm, [43] dominates this photo taken Nov. 27, 2012, by NASAs Cassini spacecraft. [44]

The fascination with time is echoed in Into Darkness. In the movie, the home planet of the Klingon
race ...is both spelt and spoken as Kronos. [45] KRONOS (or Cronus) was the Titan god of time and
the ages.... [46] He is identified with the Roman deity Saturn.

(Image source)

(Image source) If a regular pentagon is divided into 5 triangles, the central angles will each measure 72 degrees.

We already reported the prominence, in the film, of the mystical number 72. It may not shock the
reader to learn, therefore, that 72 has mythological ties to both Kronos and the moon. Thoth, in an
Egyptian creation myth, wins a 72nd of each day of the year from the Moon in a game of draughts, as a
favour to Nut, the Sky Goddess. He uses these portions to make the five intercalary days on which the
remaining Gods and Goddesses are born. [47] The god Kronos (Geb) and the goddess Rhea (Nut)
had illicit intercourse. Helios (the sun god) tried to prevent Rhea from giving birth at any time in the
year. However, Hermes (Thoth) managed to add five days to the year by beating the moon in a game of
draughts. These became the birthdays of five deities - Osiris, Apollo (Horus the Elder), Typhon (Seth),
Isis and Nephthys. [48]
Another 72 tie-in relates to Earths axial precession (a fancy phrase designating our planets polar
wobbling), which undergoes a complete cycle approximately every 26,000 years. The wobble is said
to inch along at a pace traditionally reckoned according to the calculations of Isaac Newton [49] at
1 degree per 72 years. [50] We note that this precession has further connexions with dragon lore.
Specifically, as we reported in our prior installment, Jay Weidner has argued that the constellation
Draco had prime importance for ancient astronomers.
All of this seems to fit in rather snugly with other aspects (to be mentioned shortly) of Saturnian timeobsession since authors Robert Bauval and Graham Hancock allege (in their book Keeper of Genesis,
1996) that various Egyptian-Masonic ...rituals symbolised the turning back of the precessional cycle
to a remote ancestral time known as Zep Tepi (first time).... [51]
This turning back the clock theme has arguably cropped up before. [52] The fabled Tower of London
has itself been called a kind of time-machine. [53] In addition, it may be that the White Mound,
ancient location of the present Tower complex, ...was the site of a prehistoric observatory.... [54]

(Image source)

In any case, the Royal Observatory at Greenwich was designed by the famous architect and Freemason,
Christopher Wren. [55] In passing, we note that Wrens structures sometimes incorporated the remains
of dead cats, quite probably ...placed in buidings as foundation sacrifices.... [56] Locations known to
have contained such macabre features include a ...a house built...between 1666 and 1723 in the Tower
of London... and ...the church of St. Michael Royal, College Hill, London. [57]

(Image source)

Wren also designed the iconic St. Pauls Cathedral, [58] which is visible on various Into Darkness
promotional posters. (See, again, our earlier post, HERE.)
Why Greenwich?

(Image source)

In the first place, we note that Greenwich has been associated with the initiation (broadly and artfully
construed) of numerous post-Plantagenet monarchs and rulers. Henry Tudor, otherwise known to
history as Henry VII, ended the nearly 360 year reign (1126-1485 [59]) of the House of Plantagenet.
Henry VII built Placentia whose name means pleasant place to live[60] on the banks of the
Thames at Greenwich in 1500. The palace was a favorite haunt of his son, Henry VIII, some of his illfated wives, and his daughter, Elizabeth I. [61] In fact, it was the ...royal residence where Henry VIII
and his daughters Mary and Elizabeth were born and where son Edward VI died. [62]
The Stuart King James I had Greenwich Palace remodeled and given to his wife, Queen Anne of
Denmark. This Queens House at Greenwich, was ...designed by Inigo Jones and is one of the most
perfect examples of Palladian architecture in England. [63] The important Freemason, James
Anderson, refers to the architect as ...our great Master-Mason Inigo Jones. [64]
It seems natural, therefore, that the Queen Ann house has been called ...a site of key masonic
importance.... [65]
King Charles the First resided occasionally at Greenwich, before the breaking out of the civil war: his
Queen, Henrieta Maria, employed Inigo Jones to finish the building, which Queen Anne of Denmark
had begun. It was completed in 1635... On the 21st of December 1651, it was resolved [by Parliament]
that Greenwich house should be kept for the Lord Protector..., Oliver Cromwell. [66]
As we have mentioned, Charles II founded the Royal Observatory in Greenwich in 1675. Wikipedia
notes that ...George III granted the Queens House to the Royal Naval Asylum (an orphanage
school).... [67] Some might fairly regard this as an alarming conjunction in the era of impressment.
[68]
At fifty-four years of age, George I, ...arrived in Greenwich on September 29, 1714, with a full retinue
of German friends, advisors and servants (two of which, Mohamet and Mustapha, were Negroes
captured during a Turkish campaign). [69]
Amongst his other titles, Queen Elizabeth IIs consort, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, is also
Baron Greenwich. [70]

(Image source) The Isle of Dogs, circa 1740.

Greenwich, partly in virtue of supposed ley line connexions, [71] is symbolically tied to the Isle of
Dogs, slightly to its west. This is a place of crypto-political power, in the richly associative view of the
London psychogeographers, that has been termed the Omphalos of the British Empire. [72]
Omphale and its cognate omphalos (or, Latinized, omphalus) designates a navel [73] or central
point. [74] In ancient physiology, the omphalos was believed to be the point around which the embryo
formed, and from which the embryo receive[d] nourishment. [75] It is a Cosmic Centre...both
cathartic and apotropaic [i.e., evil-averting]... the place of communication between the three worlds....
[76] Significantly, from the perspective of empire, [i]t is also the point of expansion.... [77]

The origin of the name Isle of Dogs is disputed. [78] One source links it to Herne the Hunter and a
legend of a hapless nobleman and his young bride who perished in the primeval swamps in the area.
[79] Another interesting factoid is that Isle of Dogs was ...the title of a notorious satirical play
[1597] of very seditious and slandrous content, written by Thomas Nashe in collaboration with Ben
Jonson and others... . Now lost, the play was outrageous enough to lead to Jonsons imprisonment and
Nashes fleeing London. The Isle of Dogs of the title, however, was no doubt a metaphor for Britain....
[80]
There is, to invoke A. J. Bells Fortean neologism, [81] an apparent LexiLink, or verbal synchronicity,
with the Canary Islands. Known in yesteryear variously as the Fortunate Isles or the Blessed Isles,
[82] the island cluster, lying west of Africa, bears a name that means, ...literally island of dogs
(canis...), so called because large dogs lived there. [83] The name was extended to the whole island
group (Canari Insul) by the time of Arnobius (c.300). [84]

(Image source)

(Image source) In what might fairly be called an open-air crypto-ritual for who is to prove the negative on October 1, 2007, at 23 feet
tall [this] five-ton golden replica of a statue of Anubis, the ancient Egyptian jackal-headed god of the dead, was transported along the
River Thames past the Tower Bridge in London, which leads directly into the Tower complex to its north. [85], bottom); One of the
traditional duties of Anubis was to guide the dead into the Occident (the West). [86]

Of course, the Egyptian Land of the Dead was also called the west (imenet). For the ancient
Egyptians, the west (specifically the desert west of the Nile) was the destination of the dead. This is
because the sun died every day in the western horizon, only to be reborn the next morning in the east.
Most Egyptians were buried to the west of the Nile with their heads facing the west. [87]
The Alchemical Salt Tower?

Image source: MacHuisdean, op. cit., p. 47.)

Returning to MacHuisdeans unexplained emphasis on the Salt Tower as the starting point for siting the
Prime Meridian, we note that salt has some relevant connexions that might go some distance towards
explaining the Salt Towers rle.
[T]he salt-cellar partook of the nature of a holy vessel, associated with the temple in general, and more
particularly, with the altar. [88] Salt was both an emblem of welcome and safety when sitting at
table with guests. [89] Additionally, the salt cellar [served] as a boundary. [90] In terms of seating
arrangements while dining, the salt dish served as a boundary separating individuals of different
classes and stations, and ...indicating rank and social position.... [91]

(Image source)

(Image source; Alchemical Salt is, along with Mercury and Sulfur, one of the "Three Essentials.")

Additionally, Salt along with Sulfur and Mercury is one of the three essentials in alchemy. [92]
Note the capital letters. What is in view is something different from the garden-variety items that
answer to the common names salt, sulfur, and mercury.
Paracelsus defined the Three Essentials by how they behave in fire. Sulfur is seen as what fuels the
fire or what is changed in the fire. ...Mercury is the volatile watery essence of the fire that Paracelsus
called phlegma and is represented by the flames, light, heat, and smoke issuing from the fire. The new
principle of Salt exhibits the fixed essence of the substance burning that resists the fire and is found in
the ashes. ...As Paracelsus put it: The fire is Mercury; what is burnt is Sulfur; and all ash is Salt. [93]
Salt is something of a Phoenix. Like the First Matter, Salt shows up at both the beginning and the end
of the work. ...The alchemists described the First Matter as a poisonous dragon whose fire can
instantly reduce us to ashes. [94]

(Image source; The Three Essentials represented as a three-headed dragon inside of an alchemical vessel.)

In this context, it seems profitable to keep two facts in view. Number one, we should bear in mind the
dragon iconography that literally frames the City of London.

(Image source)

Number two, we should recall the Great Fire that occurred in London in the ominous year 1666. [95]
Given the historical context, the pi-distance to Greenwich calculation would certainly have been made
only under the supervision of such Royal Society luminaries as the physicist-alchemist Sir Isaac
Newton, and the royal astronomer, Sir John Flamsteed.

(Image source: Oestmann, loc. cit.)

Although Flamsteed is often said to have been staunchly anti-astrology, he nevertheless personally cast
a horoscope for the setting of the Greenwich Observatorys foundation-stone. [96]
As Greenwich is the locus for the prime meridian, the word meridian deserves our careful attention.
[97] Literally, meridian designates noon, and derives from the ... Latin meridianus of midday, of
noon, southerly, to the south,. [98] Figurative[ly]...[the word] suggest[s a] point of highest
development or fullest power. [99]
Indeed, in Freemasonry, the meridian (or noontime) sun represents the so-called Raised Mason the
initiate into the Third Degree who now shines ...like the sun at its meridian. [100] As touched on
above, [t]he government of a Maons Lodge...is vested in three superior officers, who are seated in the
East, West, and South, to represent the rising, setting, and meridian sun. [101]
The important 19th century Masonic historian and encyclopedist, Albert Gallatin Mackey, states that
the word Zohar (title of the well-known Kabbalistic treatise, which word means, literally, splendor or
radiance) ...signifies the meridian light, the brightest effulgence of day.... [102] Introduction of
Kabbalistic Judaism immediately recalls the Kabbalist-hermeticist, the Baal Shem of London, Dr. Falk,
and dovetails, yet again, with the mystical numerology of 72. The degrees of the Jacobs ladder were
to the number of 72, according to the Zohar. [103]
Crowley Cavortings on the Meridian?

(Image source)

The established meridian may be thought to identify mystical line, having importance something akin
to that attributed to ley lines [104] or, perhaps, the 33rd degree of parallel latitude. [105]
Hence, one might expect to discover strange goings on all along the 0-degree line. In fact, it is possible
that no less a figure than Aleister Crowley might be summoned (no occult pun intended) at this point to
ground this speculation. Crowleys doings in Africa are often given in vague terms, locatively speaking,
using phrases like in the desert, etc.
Researcher Alex Owen is more specific. In late 1909, two Englishmen [Aleister Crowley and Victor
Neuburg], scions of the comfortable middle classes, undertook a journey to Algiers. ...It was at
Crowleys instigation that the two men began to make their way, first by tram and then by foot, into the
North African desert to the southwest of Algiers; and it was Crowleys decision to perform there a
series of magical ceremonies that prefigured his elaboration of the techniques of sex magic, or, as he
was later to call it, Magick. In this case, the ceremonies combined the performance of advanced ritual
magic with homosexual acts. ...A little over two weeks after arriving in Algiers, Crowley and Neuburg
reached Bou Saada. ...It was here that Crowley, acting on instructions from previous angelic
interlocutors, made the appropriate Call and attempted to enter the fourteenth Aethyr. [106]

(Image source: Google Maps.)

These locations are in northern Algeria. But it is interesting to note that the intersection of the 0-degree
line of longitude and the 33-degree line of latitude occurs in Algeria, just northeast of Ain Sefra. It is
unclear how much wandering Crowley and Neuburg did through the Algerian desert, or how far they
managed to go. It is intriguing, however, to speculate as to a possible intention to conduct a ritual along
the meridian. One notes, for example, that Neuburg and Crowley reunited in Paris in 1913 for the socalled Paris Working. [107] Paris is famous for many things, but as we have already mentioned, one
of those things is having an alternate prime meridian. [108] To be sure, various factors could have
informed Crowleys decisions regarding ritual locations. One would have to consult authorities sifting
through the vast amounts of Crowleyana. Still, it seems worth raising the possibility that Crowley,
being a high-level initiate of many systems, may have, to some degree (pun intended this time), been
keyed in on the meridian-wavelength.
Early Standard Time in U.S.
In October 1884, at the behest of the President of the U.S.A., 41 delegates from 25 nations met in
Washington, D.C., for the International Meridian Conference. They decided to adopt a single world
meridian, passing through the principal Transit Instrument at the observatory at Greenwich, as the basis
of calculation for all longitude and a worldwide 24-hour clock. The Greenwich motion passed 22-1;
San Domingo voted against it; France and Brazil abstained. [109]
It turns out that railroads agitated for the standardization of clock times. [110] There was a very
pragmatic reason. With different towns all keeping difficult local times, keeping a train on schedule
was an extremely tricky affair.
It may not surprise the reader, therefore, that in 1860 an important railroad city in Mississippi, the site
of the junction of the the Mobile & Ohio and Southern Railways, was named Meridian. [111]
One of the early railroad tycoons, who was also a steamship magnate, controlling the Hudson River
(1864), New York Central (1867), and Lake Shore & Michigan Southern (1869), was Cornelius
Commodore Vanderbilt. [112] ...In the 1860s, Vanderbilt shifted his focus from shipping to the

railroad industry, which was entering a period of great expansion. He gained control of a number of
railway lines operating between Chicago and New York and established an interregional railroad
system. [113]
Interestingly, Vanderbilt lived in what is today called Greenwich Village, New York. In the 1840s,
Vanderbilt constructed a large brick home for his family at 10 Washington Place, in Manhattans
present-day Greenwich Village neighborhood. [114]
In any case, it was Vanderbilt (inter alia) whose influential railroad corporations elicited ...a major
transformation of the railroad network, which previously had been fragmented into numerous short
railroads, each with its own procedures, timetables, and rolling stock. The creation of a coherent system
spanning several states lowered costs, increased efficiency, and sped up travel and shipment times.
[115]
Part of this drive towards efficiency included Universalizing time. Official credit for the suggestion
of standardized time zones goes to the Scottish-Canadian inventor, Sir Sandford Fleming. [116]

(Image source)

Vanderbilt was the driving force behind the construction of Manhattans Grand Central Depot [left],
which opened in 1871. The station eventually was torn down and replaced by present-day Grand
Central Terminal [right], which opened in 1913. [117]
Notes:

[1] Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 35.

[2] For an overview, see: Greenwich, Wikipedia, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich>.
[3] Douglas Harper, Greenwich, Online Etymology Dictionary,
<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Greenwich>.
[4] Nazi Occultsists Seize Omphalos, London Psychogeographical Association Newsletter, no. 6,
Beltaine, 1994. Pychogeography, in general, has to do with the interconnection between landscape
and the mind. Under this description, the subject can be traced back to the 19th-20th century Welsh
author, Arthur Machen, whose story The Great God Pan (1890, 1894) remains a horror classic.
Psychgeography has fascinated a number of prominent United Kingdom-based writers, including

author Iain Sinclair (who is also a British filmmaker), journalist Will Self, and the biographer and
novelist Peter Ackroyd. A number of groups have sprung up persuing various psychogeographical
investigations. One such group is the London Psychogeographical Association, whose initial founder
was the English artist, Ralph Rumney (d. 2002). This association was revamped, and given an antiMasonic and anti-Royalist orientation, decades later by an anarcho-syndicalist named Fabian Tompsett,
under the pseudonym Richard Essex. London is not the only city home to persons displaying
psychogeographical interest, however. A San Francisco-centric internet gaming community, SFZero,
included a sub-group called BART Psychogeographical Association. For quotation and more
information, see: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Machen>,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Psychogeographical_Association>, and
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFZero>.
[5] Chesca Potter, Gazetteer of Sacred Sites in London, John Matthews and Chesca Potter, eds., The
Aquarian Guide to Legendary London, Wellinborough, U.K.: Aquarian Press, 1990, p. 226.
[6] The many-named Shiva has various aspects. He is a creator god, moon god..., fertility god, lord of
the cosmic dance, god of the arts and learning, god of truth, god of luck, god of the rivers, god of the
forests, god of death, of yoga, of cremation grounds, and the lingam, Patricia Turner and Charles
Russell Coulter, Shiva, Dictionary of Ancient Deities, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 427.
Disturbingly, especially in light of its placement beside the controversial Large Hadron Collider, which
some fear might destroy the earth (or worse), Shiva is perhaps best known for represent[ing] the
destroyer, Ibid. Although, Mackey associates Siva with the meridian sun, in the Southern,
preserving, position. See Albert G. Mackey, SUN, Mackey's Revised Encyclopedia of Freemasonry,
vol. 2, Chicago: Masonic History Co., 1956, p. 988. On the worries regarding the Hadron collider, see
Clara Moskowitz , Will the Large Hadron Collider Destroy Earth? LiveScience, October 26, 2012,
<http://www.livescience.com/32204-will-the-large-hadron-collider-destroy-earth.html>. This
destroyer of worlds motif also dovetails with the Atomic Bomb rite at the Trinity Site in New
Mexico, along the Jornada del Muerto, as James Shelby Downard first noted. See Jim Brandon, "Sirius
Rising," interview with James Shelby Downard, with commentary, audio recording, ca. 1976.
[7] Fritjof Capra, Shiva's Cosmic Dance at CERN, June 2004,
<http://www.fritjofcapra.net/shiva.html>. In addition to the statue, CERN also employs (or did employ)
a piece of equipment called the Shiva router, see: Spectrum: Shiva Router Management Guide,
CableTron Systems, 1998, <http://it-div-cs.web.cern.ch/it-divcs/private/spectrum/Docs/Pdf_docs/shiva_router.pdf>.
[8] Turner and Coulter, Kali, op. cit., p. 257.
[9] Shiva's consorts are aspects of the Great Mother Goddess Devi who appears as Gauri, Sati, Parvati,
Uma, Durga and Kali, Turner and Coulter, Shiva, op. cit., p. 427.
[10] The original image, from <http://www.sacred-texts.com/mas/dun/img/00800.jpg>, has been
rotated and additional text supplied, for emphasis. The basis of my interpolations comes from Albert G.
Mackey, SUN, Mackey's Revised Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, vol. 2, Chicago: Masonic History
Co., 1956, pp. 987-988: The Master ...in the East is a symbol of the rising sun; the Junior Warden in
the South, of the Meridian Sun; and the Senior Warden in the West, of the Setting Sun.
[11] Malcom C. Duncan, Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor, New York: Dick & Fitzgerald, 1866,
p. 8, <http://www.sacred-texts.com/mas/dun/dun02.htm>.
[12] J. C. Cooper, Time, Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols, London: Thames &
Hudson, 1979, p. 173.
[13] Mackey, TRIAD, Mackey's Revised Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, vol. 2, Chicago: Masonic

History Co., 1956, pp. 1051-1052.

[14] Mackey, ECOSSAIS, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 308.
[15] Greenwich, Wikipedia, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich>.
[16] Mackey, TIME, op. cit., p. 1040.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Mackey, ECOSSAIS, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 308. The word had been ...engraved...upon a triangle of
pure metal..., ibid.
[19] Ibid.
[20] Michael Whitworth, Inspector Heat Inspected: The Secret Agent and the Meanings of Entropy,
Review of English Studies, new series, vol. 49, no. 193, February, 1998, p. 55.
[21] Conrad, op. cit., p. 40. This, and the subsequent, reference are owed to Whitworth, supra.
[22] The Dark Knight (2008): Quotes, Internet Movie Database,
<http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0468569/quotes>.
[23] The Dark Knight, 2008, Internet Movie Database, <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0468569/>.
[24] Conrad, op. cit., p. 179.
[25] Cooper, Time, loc. cit.
[26] James Shelby Downard also made mention of Call to Chaos sex magic rites. See, e.g., his
contribution The Call to Chaos in Adam Parfrey, ed., Apocalypse Culture, revised ed., Los Angeles:
Feral House, 1990, pp. 307-327. In Downard's idiom, there are sex and death rites Call to Chaos and
Killing of the King, respectively that form the core of the novus ordo magic of the Freemasons. The
Call to Chaos ritual, which Downard also designates a sex circus, is apparently a sort of orgiastic ...
[rite] intended to conjure up a theurgic influence of occult forces of elemental nature, ibid., p. 323.
This seems to comport with J.C. Cooper who defines Orgy in the following terms: Re-entry in
chaos, the primordial state before creation; cosmic night; dissolution; the lower potentialities of
beings..., op. cit., p. 123. Additionally, both Downard and Cooper link chaos-rites to Saturnalia and the
Lord of the Misrule. See ibid.
[27] Quoted in Barry Hugill, Mystics of Avalon, San Francisco Examiner, September 11, 1994, p.
A10. (Reprinted from Barry Hugill, Cultists Go Round in Circles, The Observer, August 28, 1994, p.
3.) The Ackroyd name also crops up in searches on the Tower of London. David Ackroyd narrated
Melissa Jo Peltier's production titled The Bloody Tower of London, an installment of the History
Channel's series History's Mysteries (season 6, episode 3, 1999).
[28] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolwich>.
[29] Woolwich attack: 'Lone wolves who run with the pack, Telegraph, May 25, 2013,
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/10080864/Woolwich-attack-Lonewolves-who-run-with-the-pack.html>.
[30] Clive Aslet, Can the clock really be ticking for GMT? Telegraph (U.K.), October 3, 2011,
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/8803144/Can-the-clock-really-be-ticking-for-GMT.html>.
[31] Paris Meridian, Wikipedia, April 12, 2013, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_meridian>.
[32] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_longitude#Problem_of_longitude.
[33] Here I wish to make the interested reader aware of a possible complication. In referring back to

Newton, one has to bear in mind that alchemy aside Newton's physical theories notably diverge
from the Einstein-inspired relativistic physics that was formulated in the 20th century. For one thing,
Newton was a substantivalist about time and space. "In the substantival description, space itself is a
substance in which the objects of the universe exist and move. ...[Space is]the container, so to
speak. ...A similarly substantival description of time is possible. ...Contrast this...with a more relational
descrption in which time simply is the changes in physical objects. ...[And space is nothing more than
the] physical things [that] exist." Peter Kosso, Appearance and Reality, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press,
1998, pp. 34-35 and ff.
I quote now from a classic Fortean exploration: In considering my data it would be helpful to consider
a dictum of Einsteinian physics a science few would accuse of fanaticism or irrationality (although
the charges could certainly be made from a rather unconventional perspective): 'Time relations among
events are assumed to be first constituted by the specific physical relations obtaining between them',
James Shelby Downard & Michael A. Hoffman II, King Kill 33, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Independent
History & Research, 1998, p. 11.
Downard and Hoffman invoke Einstein. I have traced the embedded quotation to Adolf Grnbaum: In
regard to simultaneity, there, Einstein's conceptual innovation can be summarized as follows: Time
relations among events are assumed to be first constituted by specific physical relations obtaining
between them. These physical relations, in turn are postulated to be such that the topological
simultaneity of events at spatially separated points P1 and P2 is not a uniquely obtaining relation.
Metrical simultaneity is thus left indeterminate by topological simultaneity and by the behavior which
the STR postulates for transported, adjacently synchronized clocks, Adolf Grnbaum, Reply to
Hilary Putnam's 'An Examination of Gruenbaum's Philosophy of Geometry', Boston Studies in the
Philosophy of Science, Robert S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky, eds., Proceedings of the Boston
Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, vol 5, 1966-1968, p. 92.
Grnbaum goes on to explicitly contrast the Einsteinian conception of simultaneity with the conception
that follows from Newtonian principles alone. Therefore, a conventional choice or synchronization
rule for which there was no scope in Newton's theory must be invoked over and above the relevant
physical facts to assert that a given event at P2 sustains a uniquely obtaining equality relation of
metrical simultaneity to an event at P1. In this sense the relation of metrical simultaneity is not an
objectively obtaining physical relation in the STR but depends on a conventional choice. For any given
event E2 at P2, this conventional choice consists in the selection of a unique event at P1 as metrically
simultaneous with E2 from within the infinite class of those events at P1 which are topologically
simultaneous with E2. And this choice is implemented by the rule for setting the clock at P2. In brief,
Einstein's innovation is that the physical relatedness which makes for the very existence of the temporal
order has a structure that precludes the existence of objectively and uniquely obtaining relations of
metrical simultaneity. Thus, the failure of our measuring operations to disclose relations of absolute
simultaneity is only the epistemic consequence of the fact that these relations do not exist, ibid., pp.
92-93
Elsewhere, Grnbaum summarizes: For on Newton's theory, our events E and E' are simultaneous
according to its clock readings, and yet they are connectible by Newton's fastest causal chain
(gravitation) and only by such a chain. By contrast, the STR requires its clocks to be set so as to issue
in the non-simutaneity of any two events which can belong only to the career of its fastest causal chains
(light), even though these events cannot both be on the world-line of a single clock, Simultaneity by
Slow Clock Transport in the Special Theory of Relativity, Philosophy of Science, vol. 36, no. 1,
March, 1969, pp. 21.
Perhaps the simplest takeaway from this abstruse discussion is this: Whatever it is was that Newton

took himself to have been doing alchemically or mystically, in terms of coordinating and grounding a
standard time, may not automatically carry over to contemporary adepts who are perhaps apt to
understand temporal relations along relativistic lines, as opposed to substantivalist ones.
[34] Erlestoke, Wiltshire, U.K.: Erlestoke Press, 1937.
[35] MacHuisdean, ibid., p. 84.
[36] The Kabbalah Connection to pi The Jewish Kabbalah cant be a complete unknown even to
the mass audience now when popular singer Madonna Louise Ciccone has taken to wearing the red
wrist cord of a highly commercialized Kabbalah cult group. We owe to the Israeli mathematics
historian, Rabbi Marc-Alain Ouaknin, a number of key insights which tie the pi factor to Kabbalah.
The latter, he writes, designates the mysteries of the mystical Jewish tradition and he stresses the
essential link of Kabbalah with mathematics. See Marc-Alain Ouaknin, The Mystery of Numbers, New
York, N.Y.: Assouline Publishing, 2004, pp. 153-54. How so?
One of the key kabbalistic concepts is the idea that, for the world to be created, God first withdrew
from himself into himselfthus creating a space for the future world, ibid., p. 277. However, once the
space was opened, it then became necessary to maintain the void and allow the universe to survive. For
this a force arose that kept the light of the infinite at the periphery. In Hebrew, this no return force is
named shadai, a word that means enough, sufficient Shadai is the name of God, the self-limiting
(in kabbalistic Hebrew, this limitation is called din) whose purpose is to make the Creation possible and
therefore to balance entropy and the expansion of the world, ibid., p. 279.
Geometry entered the picture when an early Spanish Kabbalist considered the episode (Genesis 3:24) in
which God stationed an angel at the Garden of Eden with a revolving sword tracing a fiery circle, and
he was inspired to assert the circle is built from the name shadai. From that image of the sword (the
radius) and the circle it traces, kabbalists extrapolate the equivalent of pi, since the area of the circle is
of course determined as pi times the radius squared. Ouaknin explains that, in gematria, in which each
Hebrew letter also has a numerical equivalent, shadai equals 314, commenting Strange coincidence:
314 represents the proximate value of pi multiplied by 100.
He quotes one Leon Ashkenazi, a contemporary Kabbalist who wrote Pi is precisely the relationship
between the forces that make possible the delimitation in the physical world, a delimitation that exists
through the name shadai at a metaphysical level. It is tempting to surmise that such delimitation is part
and parcel of the marking off of the entire globe with the symbolical net based at Greenwich.
The function of time, so primary at Greenwich, enters with a link to another fundamental kabbalistic
principle: the creation of the universe through manipulation of the Hebrew alphabet. Ouaknin: The
rational value of pi is 22/7. For the Kabbalists, this number suggests the articulation of the letters of the
Hebrew alphabet (of which there are twenty-two) and the numeral 7, whose first meaning is the rhythm
of time in biblical thought. Thus, pi (22/7) means the ratio between the alphabet and time, i.e. the word.
Indeed, what it does is to put the alphabet in motion, thanks to the combination of the letters, ibid., p.
280.
Finally, our author concludes: The ratio that exists between, on the one hand, a tendency toward
entropy, deployment and expansion known by the kabbalistic name of hessed and,on the other
hand, a tendency toward order and limitarion din is on the order of pi, ibid., p. 282.
[37] More on MacHuisdean Jim Brandon is inevitably reminded of the old kids rhyme Simple
Simon met a pieman but there is nothing simple in Hamish MacHuisdeans work-ups. Essentially
an anti-establishment geometer, he bases his bona-fides on demonstrated prowess in what were
apparently regarded as impossibilities: squaring the circle, trisecting the angle and doubling the cube.

Actually, circle squaring is now not that unusual and has been published in a number of recent sources,
and not by methods bearing any resemblance to MacHs quite intricate procedure. Doubling of the cube
has also purportedly been achieved, although a claimed method seen by J.B. in a publication in the
1990s seemed similar to the version first published by MacH in the 1920s. Trisection of the angle may
be unique to our author, but as with all of the diagrams given in his books, no attempt has been made
by us to verify with our own examples that these techniques really work as he claims.
The most intriguing spin-offs from MacHs neo-geometry, however, are his assertions on the pi factor.
By far his most significant claim is that pi is not a so-called irrational number, meaning one whose
decimals are infinite and unforeseeable That is how Ouaknin defines it and follows up with a
summary of ongoing attempts reach the end of the series: Today we are up to more than 200 billion
decimals of pi (ibid., pp. 196, 206) with no end in sight. MacH dismisses this with the claim which
would seem to have revolutionary impact in the maths world if true that, no, pi ends at 3.1416,
period.
He bases this on a complex and, for us, as yet unresolvable series of geometrical diagrams in his book,
Yesterdays Impossibilities (Dunbartonshire, Scotland: Fraser, Edward & Co., 1943). As we mentioned
earlier, the present essay is much a work in progress and not a little of that would apply to MacHs
corpus which will be submitted to qualified mathematician-geometers for perusal, as time permits.
Lastly, the Freemasonic connection. Surprisingly reminiscent of the kabbalistic equation of the key
Hebrew term shadai to number 314 is MacHs much-lauded 31460, the 10,000 multiple of his selfcontained 3.1416 pi. As an example of his typical development, here is what he produces when
considering the Ratios of the Musical Scale: The 2nd note [Re or D] is 432 [vibrations per second:
actually, 432 1/8, but he omits the 1/8] or 6 x 6 x 6 by 2. The 13th note [sol or G] is 1296 [v.p.s., also
ignoring the extra 1/8] or 6 x 6 x 6 x 6. <>bThe 33rd note is 7776 [v.p.s., omitting 1/8] or 6 x 6 x 6 x 6
x 6. 33 is the Master Mason degree, as all numbers from 1 to 33 added up total 561; and 561 squared
and minus 561 yield 314160, the pi ratio series (Hamish MacHuisdean, The Great Law, Erlestoke,
Wiltshire, U.K.: The Erlestoke Press, 1937, p. 160. Emphasis supplied.)
Any reader who wishes to pursue this possible, but not probable, geo-mathematical revolution can
probably find MacHs books through book-finders or interlibrary loans, with a little effort.
[38] Nota bene: The calculation of space (navigational position, longitude, etc.) and time depends upon
the sun and moon. This dual-dependence on the sun and moon is very important in alchemy and sex
magic as well. See our earlier post: Neil Armstrong: Astronaut or Alchemist? HERE.
[39] J. O'Donnell, John Harrison and the Longitude problem, Royal Museum Greenwich, November
15, 2002, http://www.rmg.co.uk/harrison.
[40] The Temple and the Lodge, New York, N.Y.: Arcade, 1989, p. 155.
[41] I take the rose reference in mathematical, rather than botanical, terms (since the relevant flowers
by any other name have five petals, rather than six). See
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_(mathematics)>.
[42] Saturn's Massive Northern Hurricane, NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI, photo 1,
<http://www.space.com/18674-saturn-vortex-hexagon-storm-photos.html>.
[43] The hexagram, like the pentagram, was and is used in practices of the occult and ceremonial
magic, Hexagram, Wikipedia, May 27, 2013, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagram>.
[44] Saturn Hexagon Vortex Storm, NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI, photo 6, <http://www.space.com/18674saturn-vortex-hexagon-storm-photos.html>.

[45] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon#Homeworld>.
[46] Kronos, Theoi, <http://www.theoi.com/Titan/TitanKronos.html>.
[47] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72_%28number%29>.
[48] George Hart, Egyptian Myths, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, pp. 40-41,
<http://books.google.com/books?id=K78L_vGn2E4C&pg=PA40>. Relatedly, Typhon's plot to
overthrow Osiris involved seventy-two fellow conspirators, Hart, op. cit., p. 41.
[49] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Year>.
[50] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession#Ancient_Egyptians.
[51] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession#Ancient_Egyptians.
[52] See the previous post: <http://curveofbell.blogspot.com/2012/12/threats.html>.
[53] Caitlin Matthews, The Guardian Head Sacred Palladiums of Britain, John Matthews & Chesca
Potter, The Aquarian Guide to Legendary London, Wellingborough, U.K.: Aquarian Press, 1990, p. 36.
[54] John Wilcock, A Guide to Occult Britain, London: Sphere Books, 1977, p. 35.
[55] Christopher Wren architect and astronomer, Royal Museum Greenwich, January 28, 2005,
<http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/history/christopher-wrenarchitect-and-astronomer>.
[56] Margaret M. Howard, Dried Cats, Man, vol 51, November, 1951, p. 149.
[57] Ibid.
[58] Sir Christopher Wren (1632 1723), BBC,
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wren_christopher.shtml>.
[59] House of Plantagenet, Wikipedia, June 1, 2013,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet#Henry_VII.2C_the_Tudors_and_the_Plantagenet
_descendants>. See also Michael Hoffman, Conspiracy Against a King, Revisionist Review [weblog],
April 4, 2013, http://revisionistreview.blogspot.com/2013/04/conspiracy-against-king-michaelhoffman.html.
[60] This meaning is commonly given. Lewis and Short's standard reference, A Latin Dictionary
(Oxford, 1879) p. 1382, notes that Placentia was also a city in ancient Gallia populated with pagan
practitioners of hepatomancy (see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruspex;). The city is now called
Piacenza and is in northern Italy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piacenza. The Wikipedia article just cited
says that the name implies a good omen. Although Lewis & Short (loc. cit.) also indicate that the root
placer can designate being ...pleased or satisfied with oneself, to flatter oneself, to pride or plume
oneself..., and this is rarely mentioned in conjunction with the Tudor palace, but seems relevant.
Finally, placentia is arguably very close to placenta, a word (meaning cake, esp. [f]or an
offering... Lewis & Short, Ibid.) that is obviously connected to the omphalos (since the navel is a relic
of one's connexion to one's mother via the umbilicus),
<http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/lint/facts.htm>.
[61] Kate Ravilious, Henry VIII's Lost Chapel Discovered Under Parking Lot, National Geographic
News, February 9, 2006,
<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/0209_060209_london_chapel.html>.
[62] Greenwich, Collier's Encyclopedia, vol. 11, Crowell-Collier, 1964, p. 441.
[63] Greenwich, Collier's Encyclopedia, loc. cit. There word Palladian derives from the name of

the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (15081580),

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladian_architecture>. It is, however, tantalizingly close to being a
LexiLink with the word Palladium, about which see In Tenebris. HERE.
[64] The Constitution of Freemasons, 1723; quoted in Frances A. Yates, The Rosicrucian
Enlightenment, London: Routledge, 1972, p. 271.
[65] May 10th, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London Psychogeographical Association
Newsletter, no. 6, Beltaine, 1994.
[66] Daniel Lysons, The Environs of London, second ed., London, 1811, p. 504,
http://books.google.com/books?id=JJcjAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA504. During the English Civil War, the
palace was used as a biscuit factory and prisoner-of-war camp. Then, in the Interregnum, the palace and
park were seized to become a 'mansion' for the Lord Protector, Greenwich, Wikipedia,
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich>.
[67] Ibid.
[68] Impressment, colloquially, 'the Press', refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force and
with or without notice. It was used by the Royal Navy, beginning in 1664 and during the 18th and early
19th centuries, in wartime, as a means of crewing warships, although legal sanction for the practice
goes back to the time of Edward I of England, Impressment, Wikipedia, May 17, 2013,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressment>. Cf. Michael Hoffman, They Were White and They Were
Slaves, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Independent History and Research, 1993, <www.amazon.com/TheyWere-White-Slaves-Enslavement/dp/0929903056/>.
[69] George I (1714-27 AD), Britannia, <http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon53.html>.
[70] Baron Greenwich, Wikipedia, March 11, 2013,
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Greenwich>. According to the aforementioned London
Psychogeographical Association [LPA], "Queen Elizabeth, "Her majesty[,] is top dog in the 'occult
establishment' - a secret body of Freemasons, many of them titled, who run Britain", Hugill, op. cit.
Further, again according to the LPA, the Queen has participated in various Masonic goings on at
Greenwich, in and around the Queen Mary palace. See ibid.
[71] Specifically on The Greenwich Line, see: What are ley lines? London Psychogeographical
Association Newsletter, no. 6, Beltaine, 1994.
[72] Nazi Occultists..., loc. cit. Additionally, In Roman times the Thames was narrower at this point,
and it is thought that there may have been a ford connecting Greenwich to the Isle of Dogs, where the
foot tunnel now runs, Chesca Potter, loc. cit.
[73] Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, London: Penguin, 1992, p. 772.
[74] Douglas Harper, Omphalos, Online Etymology Dictionary,
<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=omphalos>.
[75] Raphael Patai, Man and Temple in Ancient Myth and Ritual, New York, N.Y.: Ktav, 1967; cited by
William N. Grimstad, The Freemasons and the Drive to Rebuild Solomon's Temple, unpublished
monograph, 2005, p. 2.
[76] Cooper, Omphalos, op. cit., p. 122.
[77] Ibid.
[78] One author handily summarizes the two main theories about how the Isle of Dogs got its
name...: (1) ...Henry VIII kept his dogs on the island and brought them to his palace at Greenwich by

boat if he needed them for hunting and (2) ...when the Dutch engineers drained the marshes in the
17th century and claimed back the land lost to the 1488 flood, it became known as the Isle of Dykes,
which name survives only in corrupted form. <http://barryoneoff.co.uk/html/the_island.html>.
[79] Chesca Potter, loc. cit.
[80] Hermione Hobhouse, ed., The Isle of Dogs: Introduction, Survey of London, vols. 43 & 44,
1994, pp. 375-387; at British History Online, <http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?
compid=46507>.
[81] See A[nthony]. J. Bell, Lexi-Links: Natures Play on Words, Fortean Times, August 17, 1976.
Mr. Bell has no known relation to the present writer.
[82] Theodore J. Cachey Jr., Canaries (Fortunate Islands),
<http://www.english.upenn.edu/~dwallace/europe/nodes/canaries.html>.
[83] There is a vast amount of dog-related arcana. We note that ...dogs were sacrificed to [the Greek
goddess] Hekate... who was herself often depicted as dog-headed, Sorita d'Este and David Rankine,
Hekate: Liminal Rites, London: Avalonia, 2009, pp. 24 & 71, et alia. We mentioned Hecate in our prior
post, In Tenebris (HERE). The Egyptian counterpart to Hermes the Hermetic god is Thoth (Tehuti).
Although usually represented as a stylized Ibis, [a]nother of the commonest symbolic forms of Thoth
is the dog-headed ape, G.R.S. [George Robert Stowe ] Mead, Thrice-Greatest Hermes, vol. 1, London:
Theosophical Publishing Society, 1906, p. 55, <http://www.sacred-texts.com/gno/th1/th106.htm>. The
star Sirius is ...often known as the Dog Star as it is in the constellation Canis, or 'Dog'..., Robert K. G.
Temple, The Sirius Mystery, Rochester, Vermont: Destiny Books, 1987, p. 58. '[T]he Dog Days'...
[follow] the heliacal rising of Sirius in the summer, ibid. My awareness of this owes to Michael A.
Hoffman II, Secret Societies and Psychological Warfare, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: Independent History
and Research, 2001. The conscientious researcher should note yet another obfuscatory word game.
Canicula, which means ...literally: little dog..., is often reported to be ...another name for Sirius,
Canicula, The Free Dictionary, <http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Canicula>. On the other hand,
...Procyon was sometimes termed Canicula by the Romans..., William Smith, ed., Astronomia, A
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, p. 153. Now Procyon (of the constellation Canis Minor) is
composed of pro-, which means before, and kyon (or dog). As I commented in another place,
Procyon is most often said to be so-called (the dog before or the before-dog) because (at least at
one time) it was supposed to have risen prior to Sirius (of Canis Major), thus heralding Sirius' arrival.
See, e.g., Smith, op. cit., p. 152. However, in other places, the meaning for Canicula/Procyon is given
as little bitch and carries the connotation of (to put it delicately) the dog in front (pro-cyon),
Nicolaus Copernicus, On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres, in Stephen W. Hawking, ed., On
the Shoulders of Giants: The Great Works of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Running Press
Books, 2002, p. 129. On this latter construal, the depiction of Canis Minor in front of or before
Canis Major could be taken as a symbolic-astronomic sexcapade, writ large in the stars. This sort of
sexual language (talk of a "bitch," etc.) is echoed in the so-called BDSM community, which is, in out
view, pagan sex magic with a secular veneer. This brief sketch barely scratches the surface. (There is
also the possibility of taking a LexiLink approach, here. The root siri, e.g., appears in the name Osiris
O-siri-s, maybe siri-os? Additionally, Cardinal Giuseppe Siri is an important player in some variations
of Catholic sedevacantism, see <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_Thesis>. Apple computer has a Siri
operating system <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_(software)>, and Sirius XM satellite radio is well
known <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio>.) For a bit more information on the star Sirius
and related recondite information, see: Jim Brandon, Sirius Rising, audio series, ca. 1976; Robert
Temple, The Sirius Mystery, <http://www.amazon.com/Sirius-Mystery-Scientific-EvidenceContact/dp/089281750X>; Michael Hoffman, Secret Societies and Psychological Warfare,
<http://www.amazon.com/Societies-Psychological-Warfare-Michael-Hoffman/dp/0970378416>; Loren

Coleman, Dark Knight Shooting, Twilight Language, July 20, 2012,

<http://copycateffect.blogspot.com/2012/07/dark-knight-shooting.html>; and Sirius Rises, Visup,
July 22, 2012, <http://visupview.blogspot.com/2012/07/sirius-rising.html>.
[84] Douglas Harper, Canary, Online Etymology Dictionary,
<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=canary>.
[85] Pictures of the day, Oct. 1, New York Times, October 1, 2007,
<www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2007/10/01/nytfrontpage/20071001POD_12.html>.
[86] Egyptian god floats up Thames, BBC, October 1, 2007,
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7022829.stm>.
[87] April McDevitt, The West (imenet), Ancient Egypt: The Mythology,
<http://www.egyptianmyths.net/west.htm>.
[88] Robert Means Lawrence, The Magic of the Horse-Shoe: With Other Folk-Lore Notes, Boston:
Houghton Mifflin & Co., 1898, ch. 10, <http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/mhs/mhs41.htm>. Here is a
curious tie-in with our previous study of the Tower of London and our ongoing investigation of Charles
II. In the room containing the crown jewels, in the Tower of London, are to be seen eleven
magnificent golden salt-cellars, the oldest dating from the reign of Elizabeth. Of these the so-called
state salt-cellar, which is a model of the White Tower, was presented by the city of Exeter to King
Charles II., and was used at coronation banquets, ibid.
[89] Ibid.
[90] Ibid.
[91] Ibid. Lawrence gives the example of a haughty wife...[who] could hardly be imagined as sitting
'below the salt..., ibid.
[92] John Reid, The Three Essentials, John Reid's Course on Practical Alchemy, part 1, ch. 2,
<http://www.levity.com/alchemy/reid1-2.html>.
[93] Dennis William Hauck, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Alchemy, New York, N.Y.: Penguin, 2008,
p. 96-97.
[94] Ibid., pp. 97 & 78.
[95] Great Fire of London, Wikipedia, February 26, 2013,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London>.
[96] Gnther Oestmann, John Flamsteeds Horoskop fr die Grundsteinlegung der Sternwarte
Greenwich, Sudhoffs Archiv, bd. 86, h. 2, 2002, pp. 129-137.
[97] There is a possibly relevant magnetic phenomenon, namely, the magnetic meridian (and
declination). In Magnetism. When a magnetic needle is suspended by a fibre or pivot at its centre it
assumes a definite direction by reason of the earth's magnetic force. It lies in a line that is called the
magnetic meridian at that spot on the earth's surface, and the more northerly end points to what is
called the magnetic north. As a rule the magnetic north at any place will not coincide with the true or
geographical north the magnetic meridian will not be identical with the geographical meridian. The
angle between these two directions is called the declination. Thus in London the declination is about
17 west of north; it increases up to a certain limit as one travels westwards, subsequently diminishing
to zero in the region of Hudson's Bay. Beyond this the declination is east of north. There are slight daily
variations, as well as steady long-period changes, in the declination at any place. Lines drawn on the
earth's surface to mark those points where the declination is of the same value, are called isogonic lines.
Lines of no declination, where the magnetic and geographic meridians coincide, are called agonic lines.

..., Declination, Encyclopedia123, <http://www.encyclopedia123.com/D/Declination.html>.

The most remarkable phenomenon of the magnet, in relation to the earth, is the variation of the
magnetic meridian in most parts of the globe, upon which depends the declination of the needle.
Accurate observation of this phenomenon has ascertained the following facts: There are certain points
on the earth where no declination exists. The lines formed by their series, however, do not coincide
with the geographical meridians; but, on the contrary, deviate from them very irregularly. According to
the most recent observations, there exists a line without declination in the Atlantic ocean, between the
old and the new world. It intersects the meridian of Paris, at a southern latitude of about 65; thence it
mounts to the northwest, to about 35 W. longitude from this meridian, or 32 39' 37 from Greenwich,
as high as the latitude of the coast of Paraguay; after which, becoming again almost north and south, it
skirts the coasts of Brazil, and proceeds to the latitude of Cayenne. Then, turning suddenly to the
northwest, it takes the direction of the U. States, and thence proceeds to the northern parts of the
American continent, which it traverses in the same direction. The position of this line on the globe is
not immutable ; at least for a century and a half, it has been tending considerably from the east to the
west. It passed London in 1657, and Paris in 1664. Thus, in its present direction, it has traversed in the
latitude of these places, nearly 80 of longitude in 150 years. But there is no doubt that this change is
not uniform. It is even very unequal in different parallels, Magnet, American Encyclopedia, 1851,
<http://www.agepedia.org/wiki/MAGNESIA>.
[98] Douglas Harper, Meridian, Online Etymology Dictionary,
<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=meridian>.
[99] Ibid. The noon and midnight hours are also called the high and low twelves. The language of
Freemasonry, in reference to the hours of labor and refreshment, is altogether symbolical. The old
lectures contained a tradition that our ancient Brethren wrought six days in the week and twelve hours
in the day, being called off regularly at the hour of high twelve from labor to refreshment. In the French
and German systems, the Craft were said to be called from labor at low twelve, or midnight[I]n the
system of Zinnendorf, it is said that there are in a Mason's Lodge five hours, namely, twelve struck,
noon, high noon, midnight, and high midnight, Mackey, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 466.
[100] Mackey, RAISED, op. cit., vol 2., p. 829.
[101] George Oliver, Signs and Symbols of Freemasonry, p. 204; quoted by Albert G. Mackey,
DEDICATION OF A LODGE, Mackey's Revised Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, vol. 1, Chicago:
Masonic History Co., 1956, pp. 267-268. Mackey subsequently states that it is a needless task to cite
authorities or multiply instances to prove how intimately the sun, as a symbol, is connected with the
whole system of Freemasonry, ibid. But not the sun only. For Mackey reveals that [t]he sun...[is]
obedient to the all-seeing eye..., ibid. Manly Palmer Hall writes: The initiate in the mysteries was
always instructed concerning the existence of three suns...[T]he disciple is told to revere the invisible
sun even more than the visible one, Melchizedek and the Mystery of Fire, Los Angeles: Philosophical
Research Society, 1996, p. 12 (see also p. 18). Mackey writes about the three sons of Saturn Jove
(Zeus), Neptune (Poseidon), and Pluto (Hades) amongst whom the Universe was divided, Mackey,
SUN, op. cit., p. 988. Of course, this is an analog of the Triple Goddess (Trivia) Luna, Diana,
Hecate, ibid. We covered this in In Tenebris, HERE.
[102] Mackey alluding to the commentary of Doctor Jarvis, in ARK, NOAH'S, Mackey's Revised
Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, vol. 1, Chicago: Masonic History Co., 1956, p. 103. Going on, it is
stated that the Zo-har of the Ark of Safety (i.e., Noah's Ark) is not merely a ...window...but a source
of light itself, ibid.
[103] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72_%28number%29>. The aforementioned Wikipedia article
makes mention of [t]he 72 old men of the synagogue, according to the Zohar. I am unaware of the

meaning of this reference. There are also 72 hours over the course of three days; 72 pillars outside of
the National Archives; 72 bricks on the pyramid of the reverse of the dollar bill; etc. For more "72s,"
including the crucial 72 divine names in Kabbalah, see Star Trek In Tenebris HERE.
[104] The Classic Book on Ley Lines: Alfred Watkins, The Old Straight Track, London: Abacus,
2009.
[105] Cf. Downard & Hoffman, op. cit; as well as Jim Brandon, The Rebirth of Pan, Dunlap, Ill.:
Firebird Press, 1983, pp. 170ff.
[106] Alex Owen, Aleister Crowley in the Desert, excerpted from The Place of Enchantment: British
Occultism and the Culture of the Modern, <http://press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/642011.html>.
[107] Aleister Crowley, Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley>.
[108] Paris Meridian, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_meridian.
[109] Douglas Harper, Greenwich, Online Etymology Dictionary,
<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Greenwich>.
[110] Philosophy of Time: Philosophers Speak, part 1, Philosophical Installations, University of
Oregon, <http://philinstall.uoregon.edu/video/1317/>.
[111] Douglas Harper, Meridian, Online Etymology Dictionary,
<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=meridian> and Meridian, Mississippi, Wikipedia,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi>.
[112] Cornelius Vanderbilt, Wikipedia, June 1, 2013,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt>.
[113] Cornelius Vanderbilt, History, <http://www.history.com/topics/cornelius-vanderbilt>.
[114] Ibid.
[115] T.J. Styles, The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt, quoted in Ibid.
[116] Sanford Fleming, Wikipedia, May 15, 2013, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandford_Fleming>;
cf. Universal Time, Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time>.
[117] Cornelius Vanderbilt, History, loc. cit.
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