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Overview
Introduction
Textile preforming
Need for Multiaxial fibre preforming
2D Braiding
3D Braiding
Challenges
Development of Braiding/Winding
Research Objectives
Application of low cost automation and robotics in preform
manufacturing
To explore novel toughening concepts through hybrid preforms
Area of Expertise:
Textile technology
3D Weaving, 3D/2D Braiding, Winding
Robotic Automation, Machine control
Composite manufacturing methods
Mechanical and Physical Testing
Equipment Expertise
3D Weaving, 2D Weaving, Braiding
Robotic machine (Tow placement, Winding machine, Tripod system for pick
and place)
Autoclave, RTM, Vacuum Bagging
Instron, ZwickRowell
C-scan, Thermography, DIC, SEM, CT scan
NCF
Tufting
3D woven fabric
3D woven T
Fibre Placement
Fibre Orientation
There are three levels of orientation
Random (quasi-isotropic
properties)
Cross-ply (transversely isotropic)
Unidirectional (orthotropic)
Fabric Form
2D Woven
Stitched NCF
3D Woven
Braided
Design Challenges
2D Braiding
Braiding is the process of diagonally interlacing three or more strands of yarn
in order to create continuous rope, tube or ribbon-like structures
Variety of tows can be combined in the axial and braid directions in order to
create hybrid materials
Non-interlaced core materials such as fibre tows, foam materials, metal
wires, fibre optics and smart actuating materials can be inserted into a braided
structure
Ability to form complex shapes is one of the key features of braiding
technology
2D Braiding
3D Braiding
3D braided textile preforms can be manufactured either by
conventional horngear braiding or by modifying conventional
braiding techniques
Other recognised methods are 2-step , 4-step row and column
3D Solid Braiding
The 3D rotary system of braiding is
capable of fabricating net shape braided
preforms with better adaptability for
various configurations of yarn
interlacements.
3D Cartesian Braiding
Path Open
Challenges
Key challenge is to achieve optimum fibre orientation in different
direction based on structure requirement
One method is to use manual or automated lay-up process.
However it is tedious and time consuming process
There are certain processes which can do multiaxial preforming,
but it lacks near net shape capabilities
Purpose built
technology
Process Integration
2D /3D
Braiding
2D /3D
Weaving
Fibre
placement
2D /3D
Winding
TuftingStitching
Machine design
An automated prototype machine
capable of producing variety of
wound architectures has been
developed.
Binding of multi-layer wound
structure during preforming
Winding, axial and binder yarns can
be introduced simultaneously
CoDeSys provided by FESTO is
used for configuration and
operation of the machine
Manufacturing process
Characterisation
Braid structure with Binder yarns
CT-scan Images
Braided structure
with axial yarn
Braid-Winding
Consolidated structure
development with
wrinkle minimization
3D Braided Noodle
Tufting of T section
to NCF material
at 45 near noodle region
Conclusion
Multiaxial fibres can be introduced in 2D/3D braiding and
winding
Exploration of various profiles on 3D solid braider