Digital Logic Design

Lab Assignment 1
Testing of logic gates
In this lab you will be introduced to some of the digital logic ICs containing different types
of logic gates. Our focus will be on the 7404, 7408, 7411 and 7432 ICs.
We will start off with the 7404 IC. The 7404 IC contains six not gates. As you must have
studied the NOT gate is used for inverting the logic applied at its input. The teacher will
provide you with a diagram showing the internal details of the IC. This diagram will 'show'
you 'what each pin of the IC is internally connected to. For example the diagram is showing
you that pin 14 is the power supply .pin of the I.e. Similarly pin7 Is the ground pin for the
power supply. Such a diagram which tells you what each pin of the IC represents is
technically known: as the 'pin configuration' of the IC.
Before you use a logic gate it is necessary to supply power to it. Use a jumper wire to
connect the +5V terminal from your trainer board to pin 14' of the 7404 IC and similarly
connect the ground terminal of the trainer board to pin 7 of the IC, By doing so you will
supply power to all six NOT gates in the IC. Now all the gates are ready to be used. We are
going to see the behavior of only ONE of these NOT gates. If you again look at the pin
configuration of the IC you will see that pin 11 is the input of one of the NOT gates and pin
10 is the output of the same NOT gate. When you will apply logic 1 (meaning 5V) to the
input (pin 11) of this NOT gate, the output (pin 10) will be logic 0 (meaning OV).When you
apply logic 0 (i.e. OV) to the input of the NOT gate (pin 11) then the output (pin 10) will be
at logic 1 (i.e. 5V). So the NOT gate inverts the logic.
'
In order to see the 'output' of any logic gate we have a set of lights LO to L15. These lights
are technically known as LEDs. When a particular LED is on it means that the output to
which it is connected is at logic 1. Similarly when the LED is off it means that the output to
which is connected is at logic 0. Read on ahead to understand how the LEDs are used.
Use a jumper wire to connect the output of the NOT gate that we have chosen to L0. To do
this you have to connect pin 10 of the IC to the column marked 'L0' on the trainer board.
Now when the output of the NOT gate will be at logic 1 (5V), the LED labeled 'L0' will turn
on. Similarly when the output of the NOT gate is at logic 0 then the LED marked 'L0' will be
off. In order to apply inputs to logic gates there is a set of switches SO to S8 on the trainer
board. Use a jumper wire to connect the input of the NOT gate
that we have chosen to the switch labeled 'SO'. To do this use a jumper wire
to connect pin 11 of the IC to the column marked 'SO' on the trainer board.
When any switch is moved down it will provide 5V i.e. logic 1 to whatever

it is connected to. Similarly when a switch is moved up .it will provide logic
0 or 0 V to whatever it is connected to. Since the input of our NOT gate (pin
11) is connected to the column marked 'S0' on the trainer board so the
switch labeled 'SO' will control the input to our NOT gate. Remember that
the output of this gate is connected to 'L0' which will tell us the logic level
of the output Apply logic 1 to the input of the NOT gate by pressing switch
'S0' downwards. The LED labeled 'L0' will turn off indicating that the
output is at logic 0. Now apply logic 0 at the input of the NOT gate by
moving SO upwards. .The output of the NOT gate, should came to logic 1. This can be 'seen
from L0 which will turn on. These results have been .recorded recorded in the table below.
The
table
below
is
telling
you
what
will
be
the
logic level of the output for, a' given logic level of the input. Such a table is known as a truth
table.

Truth table for a NOT gate

Input (S0)

Output (LO)

So while practically implementing a digital logic circuit you have to remember that the
inputs are applied using the switches SO to S7and the outputs are read by connecting the
outputs of the digital circuit to the LEDs LO to L15. Each output will go to a separate LED
if there are more than one output. Now we are going to check the operation of the two-input
AND gate, The 7408 IC is the IC containing four AND gates each with two inputs.
You can see this by examining the pin configuration of the IC. Insert a 7408 IC in the trainer
board and supply power to it. This will be done in exactly' the same way as it was done for
the 7404 IC. You have to connect the +5V terminal of the trainer board to the pin labeled
'Vcc' on the 7408 IC. Once again it is pin 14 which is used for supplying power to the IC.
Similarly connect the ground pin (pin 7) to the ground terminal on the trainer board.
Once you have done this the IC will be powered-up ready for use. Remember that you
MUST supply power to whichever IC you are using otherwise it will not work properly.
Coming back to the 7408 IC you will note that pin 9 and pin 10 are the inputs to .one of the
AND gates and pin 8 is the output. Connect one of the inputs (say pin 9) to 51 and connect
the other input (pin 10) to S2. Connect the output of the AND gate (pin 8) to Ll. Now
you will note that when both the inputs are at logic 1 (i.e. both 51 and 52 are
pressed downwards) only then will the output of the AND gate be at logic]
(i.e. L1 will turn on). In the table below you have to fill the column for the
logic level of the output of the AND gate for different combinations of the
inputs 51 and 52. This is actually the truth table for a two-input AND gate.
Record the behavior of the AND gate in the table shown below.

Truth table for a two-input AND gate

Input 1 (S1)

Input 2 (S2)

1
1

Output (L1)

.,
.

"

-',

..

).

Now we are going to test the three-input AND gate. The 7411 IC contains three AND gates
each having three inputs. You can verify this from the pin configuration of the IC. Insert a
7411 IC into the trainer board and supply power to it. (You should be able to do this by
now). By examining the pin configuration of the IC you will see that pins 3, 4 and 5 are the
inputs to one of the AND gates. Use the switches 53, 54 and 55 as the inputs of this threeinput AND gate. Use L2 to show the logic level of the output of the gate which as you must
have noted, is available from pin 6.

Truth table for a three-input AND gate

Input l (S3)
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

Input2 (S4)
0

Input 3 (S5)
0

1
1
0
0
1
1

Output (L2)
..
"

0
1
0
1

By changing the inputs from the switches S3, S4 and S5 apply the different combinations of
the inputs S3, S4 and S5 as shown in the table above and read the output by seeing weather
L2 is on or off. Record your results in the truth table for the three-input AND gate shown
above. Finally we are going to test the two-input OR gate. Look at the pin configuration of
the 7432 IC. It contains four OR gates each having two inputs. Insert the 7432 IC into the
trainer board and supply power to it. Select anyone of the four gates. Connect S6 to one of
its inputs and S7 L ') the other input. Connect L3 to the output and fill in the truth table
shown below.

Truth table for a two-input OR gate

Input 1 (S6)

Input 2 (S7)

1
1

0
1

Output (L3)

.,
.

"

-',

..

).