Name _____________________

Class ______________

Date _________

Activity C05: Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions (Temperature Sensor)

Concept

DataStudio

ScienceWorkshop (Mac)

ScienceWorkshop (Win)

Phase change

C05 Evaporation.DS

C05 Evaporation

C05_EVAP.SWS

Equipment Needed

Qty

Chemicals and Consumables

Qty

Temperature Sensor (CI-6505A)

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

10 mL

Test tube, 20 by 150 mm

Methanol (methyl alcohol)

10 mL

Protective gear

PS

1-butanol

10 mL

1-propanol

10 mL

n-hexane

10 mL

n-pentane

10 mL

Filter paper (2.5 by 2.5cm)

Rubber band, small

Tape, masking

1 roll

What Do You Think?

Thepurposeofthisexperimentistostudytemperaturechangescausedbyevaporationofseveral
liquidsandrelatethetemperaturechangestothestrengthoftheforcesofattractionbetween
moleculesoftheliquid.Whatdoyouthinktherelationshipwillbebetweenthestrengthof
intermolecularattractionforaliquidandtheamountoftemperaturechangecausedby
evaporationoftheliquid?
TaketimetoanswertheWhatDoYouThink?question(s)intheLabReportsection.
Background

Evaporationisanendothermicprocessthatresultsinatemperature
decrease.Evaporatingmoleculescarryawaythermalenergywhenthey
leavealiquid.Theamountoftemperaturedecreaseisrelatedtothestrength
ofintermolecularforcesofattraction.
Alkanesandalcoholsaretwotypesoforganiccompounds.Alkaneshave
carbonandhydrogenatoms.Thetwoalkanesusedinthisactivityarepentane,C5H12,and
hexane,C6H14.Inadditiontocarbonandhydrogenatoms,alcoholsalsocontaintheOH
functionalgroup.Twoofthealcoholsusedinthisactivityaremethanol,CH3OH,andethanol,
C2H5OH.
Pre-Lab

CompletethePreLabtablebeforebeginningtheactivity.Examinethemolecularstructureof
alkanesandalcoholsforthepresenceandrelativestrengthoftwointermolecularforces
hydrogenbondinganddispersionforces.Thenameandformulaaregivenforeachcompound.
Drawastructuralformulaforamoleculeofeachcompoundanddeterminethemolecularmass
ofeachmolecule.Dispersionforcesexistbetweenanytwomolecules,andgenerallyincreaseas
themolecularmassofthemoleculeincreases.Next,examineeachmoleculeforthepresenceof
C05

1999 PASCO scientific

p. 27

Chemistry Labs with Computers

C05: Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions

Student Workbook
012-07005A

hydrogenbonding.Beforehydrogenbondingcanoccur,ahydrogenatommustbebonded
directlytoanN(nitrogen),O(oxygen),orF(fluorine)atomwithinthemolecule.Indicate
whetherornoteachmoleculehashydrogenbondingcapabilityintheprelabtable.

p. 28

1999 PASCO scientific

C05

Name _____________________

Class ______________

Date _________

Pre-Lab Table

Substance

Formula

ethanol

C2H5OH

1-propanol

C3H7OH

1-butanol

C4H9OH

n-pentane

C5H12

methanol

CH3OH

n-hexane

C6H14

Structural Formulas

Molecular
Mass

Hydrogen Bond
(Yes or No)

SAFETY REMINDERS

Wear protective gear.

Follow directions for using the equipment.

Dispose of all chemicals and solutions properly.

SAFETY ALERT
Keep flammable substances away from flames.

For You To Do

UseTemperatureSensorstomeasurethechangeintemperatureofpiecesoffilterpaperthathave
beensoakedinvariousorganicliquids.Aftermeasuringthechangeintemperatureforethanol
and1propanol,makeapredictionforthechangeintemperaturefor1butanolandnpentane.
UseTemperatureSensorstotestyourprediction.Thenmakeapredictionforthechangein
temperatureformethanolandnhexane.Usethesensorstotestyourprediction.UseDataStudio
orScienceWorkshoptorecord,display,andanalyzeyourdata.
PART I: Computer Setup

1.

C05

ConnecttheScienceWorkshopinterfacetothe
computer,turnontheinterface,andturnonthe
computer.
1999 PASCO scientific

p. 29

Chemistry Labs with Computers

C05: Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions

2.

p. 30

Student Workbook
012-07005A

ConnecttheDINplugofoneTemperatureSensorintoAnalogChannelAandtheDIN
plugoftheothersensortoAnalogChannelBontheinterface.

1999 PASCO scientific

C05

Name _____________________

3.

Class ______________

Date _________

Openthefiletitledasshown:
DataStudio

ScienceWorkshop(Mac)

ScienceWorkshop(Win)

C05 Evaporation.DS

C05 Evaporation

C05_EVAP.SWS

TheDataStudiofilehasaWorkbookdisplay.ReadtheinstructionsintheWorkbook.

TheScienceWorkshopfilehastwoDigitsdisplaysandthreeTabledisplaysofTemperature
versusTime.

PART II: Sensor Calibration and Equipment Setup

You do not need to calibrate the sensors.

1.

WraptheendsofSensorAandSensorBwithsquarepiecesoffilterpapersecuredby
smallrubberbandsasshowninthediagram.Rollthefilterpaperaroundthesensortipin
theshapeofacylinder.(Hint:Firstsliptherubberbanduponthesensor,wrapthepaper
aroundthesensor,andthensliptherubberbandoverthewrappedpaper.)Theloweredge
ofthepapershouldbeevenwiththesensorend.

2.

StandSensorAintheethanolcontainerandSensorBinthe1propanolcontainer.Make
surethecontainersdonottipover.

3.

Cut2piecesofmaskingtape,about10cmlong,tobeusedtotapethesensorsinposition
duringDataRecording.
Filter
Evaporation
Temperature
Test
Table
and Intermolecular Attractions
Sensor
tube
paper

PART IIIA: Data Recording Ethanol and 1-propanol

1.

Afterthesensorshavebeenintheliquidsforatleast45seconds,startrecordingdata.
(Hint:ClickStartinDataStudioorclickRECinScienceWorkshop.)

2.

ObservetheDigitsdisplaysuntilthetemperaturestabilizes.

3.

Recordthistemperatureastheinitialtemperatureofeachliquid.Thensimultaneously
removethesensorsfromtheliquidsandtapethemsothesensortipsextend5cmoverthe
edgeofthetabletopasshowninthediagram.

4.

Stopdatarecordingat200seconds.

5.

Disposeofthefilterpaperasdirectedbyyourteacher.

C05

1999 PASCO scientific

p. 31

Chemistry Labs with Computers

C05: Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions

Student Workbook
012-07005A

Analyzing the Data for Ethanol and 1-propanol

1.

SetuptheTabledisplaytoshowStatisticsforthetemperaturedataforethanoland1
propanol.

2.

Recordtheminimumandmaximumtemperatureforethanol(sensorA)and1propanol
(sensorB).Subtracttheminimumtemperaturefromthemaximumtemperatureto
determineT,thetemperaturechangeduringevaporation.

Make a Prediction for 1-butanol and n-pentane

1.

BasedontheTvaluesyouobtainedforethanoland1propanol,plusinformationinthe
PreLabexercise,predictthesizeoftheTvaluefor1butanol.(Hint:Compareits
hydrogenbondingcapabilityandmolecularmasstothoseofethanoland1propanol.Itis
notimportantthatyoupredicttheexactTvalue;simplyestimatealogicalvaluethatis
higher,lower,orbetweenthepreviousTvalues.)

2.

RecordyourpredictedT,thenexplainhowyouarrivedatthisanswerinthespace
provided.

3.

MakeapredictionfornpentaneandrecordyourpredictedTandexplanation.

PART IIIB: Data Recording 1-butanol and n-pentane

1.

Testyourpredictionbyrepeatingthedatarecordingprocedureusing1butanolforSensor
AandnpentaneforSensorB.

2.

Startrecordingdata.Recordtheinitialtemperatureofeachliquid.Thensimultaneously
removethesensorsfromtheliquidsandtapethemsothesensortipsextend5cmoverthe
edgeofthetabletopasshowninthediagram.

3.

Stopdatarecordingat200seconds.

4.

Disposeofthefilterpaperasdirectedbyyourteacher.

Make a Prediction for methanol and n-hexane

1.

UsingyourmeasuredTvalues,predicttheTvaluesformethanolandnhexane.
Comparethehydrogenbondingcapabilityandmolecularmassofmethanolandnhexane
tothoseofthepreviousfourliquids.

2.

RecordyourpredictedT,thenexplainhowyouarrivedatyouranswer.

3.

TestyourpredictionbyrepeatingthedatarecordingprocedureusingmethanolforSensor
AandnhexaneforSensorB.

PART IIIC: Data Recording methanol and n-hexane

1.

Testyourpredictionbyrepeatingthedatarecordingprocedureusing1butanolforSensor
AandnpentaneforSensorB.

2.

Startrecordingdata.Recordtheinitialtemperatureofeachliquid.Thensimultaneously
removethesensorsfromtheliquidsandtapethemsothesensortipsextend5cmoverthe
edgeofthetabletopasshowninthediagram.

p. 32

1999 PASCO scientific

C05

Name _____________________

Class ______________

3.

Stopdatarecordingat200seconds.

4.

Disposeofthefilterpaperasdirectedbyyourteacher.

Date _________

Analyzing the Data

CompletetheDataTableandanswerthequestionsintheLabReportsection.

C05

1999 PASCO scientific

p. 33

Chemistry Labs with Computers

C05: Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions

Student Workbook
012-07005A

Lab Report - Activity C05: Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions

What Do You Think?

Whatdoyouthinktherelationshipwillbebetweenthestrengthofintermolecularattractionfora
liquidandtheamountoftemperaturechangecausedbyevaporationoftheliquid?

Data Table: Evaporation

Substance

T2

T1

(C)

(C)

T (T2T1)
(C)

ethanol
1-propanol

Predicted
T (C)

Explanation

1-butanol
n-pentane
methanol
n-hexane
Questions

1.

Npentaneand1butanolhavealmostthesamemolecularmass,butsignificantlydifferent
Tvalues.ExplainthedifferenceinTvaluesofthesesubstances,basedontheir
intermolecularforces.

2.

Whichofthealcoholsstudiedhasthestrongestintermolecularforcesofattraction?The
weakestintermolecularforces?Explainusingtheresultsofthisexperiment.

p. 34

1999 PASCO scientific

C05

Name _____________________

Class ______________

Date _________

3.

Whichofthealkanesstudiedhasthestrongestintermolecularforcesofattraction?The
weakestintermolecularforces?Explainusingtheresultsofthisexperiment.

4.

PlotagraphofTvaluesofthefouralcoholsversustheirrespectivemolecularmasses.
PlotmolecularmassonthehorizontalaxisandTontheverticalaxis.Howdoes
molecularmasscorrespondtoT?

C05

1999 PASCO scientific

p. 35