UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS | Methodist High

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 1 of 16
WORKSHEET CHAPTER 9 : PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND MATERIALS

Q.1
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.2

Write in dark blue or black

Name
pen.
:
You may use a soft pencil for
any diagrams, graphs or
Roll
rough working.
No.
Do not use highlighters, glue
or correction fluid.
Show all your working in the
booklet.
Marks
The number of marks is
:
given in brackets [ ] at the
end of each question or part
question.
Which material is an alloy that contains a non-metallic element?
Brass
Haematite
Manganese
Steel

The bodies of aircraft are often made using aluminium. Which two properties of
aluminium make it suitable for this purpose?

A
B
C
D

Q.3

Q.4

Answer

property 1
good conductor of
electricity
good conductor of
electricity
good conductor of heat
strong

property 2
good conductor of
heat
strong
low density
low density

The pie-chart shows the composition of air.

What are the gases in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the

pie-chart?

Eight substances are listed below. Choose your answers from this list.
Magnesium sulphate
oxygen
iron
calcium carbonate
Sulphur
calcium
magnesium
water
Which three of the substances are metals?

Ans

..
Q.5

The lead in a pencil is made of a mixture of graphite and clay.

If the percentage of graphite is increased, the pencil slides across the paper more
easily.
Why is this?
A Graphite conducts
electricity.
Answer
B Graphite is a form of
carbon.
C Graphite is a lubricant.
D Graphite is a non-metal.

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 2 of 16
Q.6

Which two elements form an alloy when they are heated together?
A chlorine and hydrogen
B chlorine and zinc
Answer
C copper and hydrogen
D copper and zinc

Q.7

Mild steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

How does the carbon affect the properties of mild steel?
A
B
C
D

Q.8

Q.9

The carbon makes the alloy a better conductor of electricity than iron.
The carbon makes the alloy harder than the iron.
The carbon makes the alloy softer than the iron.
The carbon stops the iron rusting.

Which property do all metals have?

A Their densities are low.
B Their melting points are high.
C They act as catalysts.
D They conduct electricity.

Answer

Answer

Copper, iron and zinc are all used to make things.

Which of these three metals are also used in the form of alloys?
Answer

Q.10 Stainless steel is used to make cutlery. Aluminium is used to make food containers.
Which property do both metals have that makes them suitable for these uses?
A They are good conductors of electricity.
Answer
B They are good conductors of heat.
C They are resistant to corrosion.
D They are very strong.
Q.11 If steel (a metal) is hard and granite (a nonmetal) is hard, why dont we make
automobile engines out of granite?
Ans.

Q.12 Choose from the following list of substances to answer the questions below.
Bromine
chlorine
iron
mercury
sodium chloride
sulphur
Name a substance which is:
(i) a gas at room temperature. ...................................................................
(ii) a non-metallic liquid at room temperature. ..........................................
(iii) a compound which is a solid at room temperature. .............................
Q.13 Tick the correct answer:
Element
Liquid metal
Dull metal
Non-metal but conductor of
electricity

A
Mercury
Manganese
Carbon

B
Nickle
Magnesium
Copper

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 3 of 16

ANSWERS
Q.1
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.2

Which material is an alloy that contains a non-metallic element?

Brass
Haematite
Manganese
Steel

D STEEL
(contains non-metal Carbon

The bodies of aircraft are often made using aluminium. Which two properties of
aluminium make it suitable for this purpose?

A
B
C
D

Q.3

Answer

property 1
good conductor of
electricity
good conductor of
electricity
good conductor of heat
strong

property 2
good conductor of
heat
strong
low density
low density

The pie-chart shows the composition of air.

What are the gases in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the

pie-chart?

Answer: B
Q.4

Eight substances are listed below. Choose your answers from this list.
Magnesium sulphate
oxygen
iron
calcium carbonate
Sulphur
calcium
magnesium
water
Which three of the substances are metals?

Q.5

The lead in a pencil is made of a mixture of graphite and clay.

If the percentage of graphite is increased, the pencil slides across the paper more
easily.
Why is this?
A Graphite conducts
electricity.
Answer
B Graphite is a form of
carbon.
C
C Graphite is a
lubricant.
D Graphite is a non-metal.

Q.6

Which two elements form an alloy when they are heated together?
A chlorine and hydrogen
B chlorine and zinc
Answer
C copper and hydrogen
D
D copper and zinc

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 4 of 16
Q.7

Mild steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

How does the carbon affect the properties of mild steel?
A The carbon makes the alloy a better conductor of electricity than iron.
B The carbon makes the alloy harder than the iron.
Answer
C The carbon makes the alloy softer than the iron.
B
D The carbon stops the iron rusting.

Q.8

Q.9

Which property do all metals have?

A Their densities are low.
B Their melting points are high.
C They act as catalysts.
D They conduct electricity.

Answer
D

Copper, iron and zinc are all used to make things.

Which of these three metals are also used in the form of alloys?
Answer
A

Q.10 Stainless steel is used to make cutlery. Aluminium is used to make food containers.
Which property do both metals have that makes them suitable for these uses?
A They are good conductors of electricity.
Answer
B They are good conductors of heat.
C
C They are resistant to corrosion.
D They are very strong.
Q.11 If steel (a metal) is hard and granite (a nonmetal) is hard, why dont we make
automobile engines out of granite?
Ans.
Although the property of hardness is similar for steel and granite, other
properties arent as desirable for manufacturing automobile engines. For
example, the low heat conduction of rocks make them explode under high
temperature. They are also brittle, making them poor for use in engine
blocks.
Q.12 Choose from the following list of substances to answer the questions below.
Bromine
chlorine
iron
mercury
sodium chloride
sulphur
Name a substance which is:
(i)
a gas at room temperature. :
ANS. Chlorine (bromine and mercury are both liquids at room temperature
but mercury is a metal)
(ii)
a non-metallic liquid at room temperature. :
ANS. Bromine
(iii)
a compound which is a solid at room temperature:
ANS. Sodium Chloride (in fact it is the only compound; all the others are
elements)
Q.13 Tick the correct answer:
Element
Liquid metal
Dull metal
Non-metal but conductor of
electricity

A
Mercury
Manganese
Carbon

B
Nickle
Magnesium
Copper

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 5 of 16

Which diagram shows a common use of stainless steel?

ABCD

The diagram shows the pH values of the soil in X and Y, two parts of the garden of a house.

The house owner wishes to use lime to neutralise the soil in one part of the garden.
To which part should the lime be added, and why?

D
The diagram shows models of various elements.

(a) Define the term element.

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 6 of 16
[1]
(b) Which one of the models A to E represents a solid containing diatomic molecules?
[1]
(c) Which two of the models A to E represent gases?
and [1]
(d) (i) Which one of the models A to E represents diamond?
[1]
(ii) State the name of the element present in diamond.
[1]
(iii) State a use of diamond other than in jewellery.
[1]
(e) Structure E is a metal. State three physical properties which are characteristic of all
metals.
[3]
(f) Metals are sometimes mixed with other elements in order to change their properties.
(i) What is the name given to a mixture of metals with other elements?
[1]
(ii) Match up the metals in the boxes on the left with their uses on the right. The first
one has been done for you.

1 (a) Substance containing only 1 type of atom/substance which cannot be broken down to
any
other substance by chemical means [1]
(b) B [1]
(c) A + D (both needed) [1]
(d) (i) C [1]
(ii) carbon [1]
(iii) drill bits/ for cutting OWTTE [1]
(e) Any 3 of:
conducts heat/conducts electricity/malleable/ductile/sonorous/shiny
NOT: silvery/high melting OR boiling points [3]
(f) (i) alloy(s) [1]
(ii) mild steel car bodies;
stainless steel chemical plant;
aluminium aircraft ALLOW car bodies;
copper electrical wiring

Two indicators, bromophenol blue and Congo red, show the following colours in acidic
solutions
and in alkaline solutions.

A few drops of each indicator are added to separate samples of a solution of pH 2.

What are the colours of the indicators in this solution?

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 7 of 16

When limestone is heated very strongly in air, lime is made.

What is the formula of limestone and of lime?

Which statement describes a test for carbon dioxide gas?

A It bleaches damp litmus paper.
B It relights a glowing splint.
C It turns cobalt(II) chloride paper pink.
D It turns limewater cloudy.

Which uses of the metals shown are both correct?

D
Sulphuric acid is a strong acid, ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid.
Ans sulphuric acid is completely ionised or few molecules and many ions
ethanoic acid is partially ionised or many molecules and few ions

Which diagram represents the structure of an alloy?

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 8 of 16
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and other metals. It is strong and does not rust but it costs
much
more than normal steel.
What is not made from stainless steel?
A cutlery
B pipes in a chemical factory
C railway lines
D saucepans
Substance K reacts with sodium carbonate to form a gas.
The gas turns limewater cloudy.
What is substance K and which process takes place in the reaction?

D
Which name is given to mixtures of metals?
A alloys
B compounds
C ores
D salts
Which compound in polluted air can damage stonework and kill trees?
A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C lead compounds
D sulfur dioxide

Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature.

Describe the arrangement and motion of the molecules in hydrogen gas.
arrangement .....................................................................................................................
motion .........................................................................................................................
arrangement: random / far apart
motion: random / fast / irregular
Some substances conduct electricity, others do not.
(a) Which three of the following conduct electricity?
Tick three boxes.

State the name given to a substance, such as plastic, which does not conduct
electricity.
1st, 3rd and 4th boxes down ticked (aqueous sodium chloride, copper and graphite) [3]
(b) insulator

Give four properties that are generally present in metals.

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 9 of 16
Metals generally have the following properties:
They are malleable (can be made into sheets)
They are ductile (can be made into wires)
They conduct electricity
They conduct heat and have low specific heat capacity
They are shiny
They react with acids and oxygen
If steel (a metal) is hard and granite (a nonmetal) is hard, why dont we make automobile
engines out of granite?
Although the property of hardness is similar for steel and granite, other
properties arent as desirable for manufacturing automobile engines. For
example, the low heat conduction of rocks make them explode under high
temperature. They are also brittle, making them poor for use in engine
blocks.
Choose from the following list of substances to answer the questions below.
bromine
chlorine
iron
mercury
sodium chloride
sulphur
Name a substance which is
(i) a gas at room temperature. ......................................................................................
(ii) a non-metallic liquid at room temperature. ...............................................................
(iii) a compound which is a solid at room temperature. ...................................................

(i) bromine and mercury are both liquids at room temperature but mercury is a metal
(iii) in fact it is the only compound; all the others are elements

The outside of the glass is now wet.

What is the reason for this?
Tick (_) one box.
Water vapour from the air has condensed on the outside of the
glass.
Water has condensed from inside the glass and gone into the air.
Water vapour has evaporated from the air and turned into a liquid.
The cola has evaporated and left water outside the glass.
In the water cycle, water can be a solid, liquid or gas.
(a) Choose words from the list to complete these sentences.
condenses dissolves evaporates floats solidifies
Salt is dissolved in sea water. When the water
from the sea, the salt is left behind. [1]
(b) Name the process that happens when liquid water forms in clouds.

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 10 of 16

(a) 1 evaporates
(b) 1 condensation Accept condense or condensing.

Pierre heats some black coffee sweetened with sugar, using this apparatus.
The coffee boils.

A liquid collects in the test tube standing in the beaker.

What is the name of the liquid?
Tick (_) the correct box.

Why is the test tube that collects the liquid standing in a beaker of cold
water?
(a) 1 water
(b) 1 to make the vapour condense
Accept:
to cool the vapour / gas / steam
to make the vapour / gas / steam turn into a
liquid / water

Slaked lime is used raise the pH of soil.

(a) What is the chemical name for slaked lime?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The recommended amount to use is 125 g per square metre of soil.
How much slaked lime would you need to apply to a rectangular garden which measured 10 metres
by 8 metres?
(c) Less calcium oxide than slaked lime is needed to treat the same garden.
Why would the gardener prefer to use slaked lime?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) (i) Write an equation for the reaction of slaked lime with nitric acid.

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 11 of 16
(a) calcium hydroxide
(b) 8 5 10 5 125
= 10 000 g/10 kg
(c) calcium oxide is corrosive/harms skin
(d) (i) Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3) 2 + 2H2O
The pH of chemicals found around the home may be tested using pH paper. Some typical results are
shown below.

(a) Answer the following questions using the above information.

(i) What is the pH of oven cleaner?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Which is the most acidic solution?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What would be the pH of a neutral solution?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Vinegar was also tested using pH paper and found to have a pH of 4.1. What colour did the pH
paper become?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) When a wasp stings someone its injects a liquid in the person's skin. An old fashioned remedy for wasp
stings is to rub vinegar on them.
(i) Suggest the pH of the liquid which wasps inject into the skin.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What name is given to the reaction which happens between this liquid and the vinegar?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Name the colourless, tasteless liquid that is produced in this reaction.
...............................................................................................................................
(a) (i) 12 1
(ii) lemon juice 1
(iii) 7 1
(b) red or orange 1
(c) (i) accept any pH greater than 7 up to 14 1
(ii) neutralisation 1
(iii) water
Some people suffer from acid indigestion when their stomach produces excess stomach acid. The label
on a household brand of indigestion tablets says that it contains magnesium carbonate.
(a) Magnesium carbonate is insoluble in water. When mixed with water, what colour would it turn
pH paper?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The instructions on the packet suggest that 1 or 2 tablets are chewed as required.
(i) What name is given to the reaction which happens between the excess acid and the indigestion tablet?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain why the instructions suggest that the tablets are chewed when taken.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) The acid present in the stomach is called hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid, HCl, reacts with
magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to produce magnesium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
(i) Complete and balance the equation for this reaction.
___HCl (aq) + MgCO3(s) MgCl2 (aq) + ___ (g) + H2O (l) [2]
(ii) Limewater can be used to test for carbon dioxide. What is the result of this test?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Use these relative atomic masses: C = 12; O = 16; Mg = 24
to calculate the relative formula mass of magnesium carbonate.
...................................
(a) green 1
(b) (i) neutralisation 1
(ii) reaction is faster/increases rate of the reaction
increases surface area/more collisions between particles 2
(c) (i) 2
CO2

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 12 of 16
2
(ii) turns milky/white/cloudy 1
(iii) 24 + 12 + (16 5 3) 1
= 84
(a) In an experiment ammonia solution, an alkali, was added to nitric acid.

(i) What is the name of apparatus A?

........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What is the name of the reaction when the acid reacts with the alkali?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) What is the pH when just enough ammonia solution is added to react with all the nitric acid?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) (i) What is the ion which is present in any solution of acid?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What is the ion which is present in any solution of alkali?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Write the simplest ionic equation which represents the above reaction.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) The following label is found on the bottle containing the nitric acid.

(i) What does the label tell you about the nitric acid?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest two precautions which should be taken when using the nitric acid in the experiment.
1. .................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
2. .................................................................................................................................................................... [
(a) (i) burette
(ii) neutralisation
(iii) 7
(b) (i) hydrogen ion/H+
(ii) hydroxide ion/OH(iii) H+ + OH- H2O
(c) (i) it is corrosive
(ii) any two from safety goggles
plastic gloves
wear lab coat
use a tray to catch spillage
(a) Below are the chemical formulae of four acids.
HCl H2SO4 HNO3 CH3COOH
(i) What colour would they all turn a solution of litmus?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write down the name of the ion present in solutions of all the acids.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Below are the chemical formulae of four alkalis.
NaOH KOH Mg(OH)2 NH4OH
(i) What colour would they all turn a solution of litmus?

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 13 of 16
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Write down the name of the ion present in solutions of all the alkalis.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) A solution of sulphuric acid can be used to neutralise a solution of sodium hydroxide.
(i) What is the pH of the solution when it is exactly neutral?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) What is the name of the salt formed in the neutralisation reaction?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Balance the following symbol equation for the reaction.
H2
SO4 (aq) + ____ NaOH (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + ____ H2O (l) [2]
(d) When nitric acid neutralises ammonium hydroxide the salt formed is called ammonium nitrate.
Give one important use of ammonium nitrate.
........................................................................................................................................................................
(a) (i) red 1
(ii) hydrogen 1
(b) (i) blue/purple 1
(ii) hydroxide ion 1
(c) (i) 7 1
(ii) sodium sulphate 1
(iii) 2NaOH
2H2
O2
(d) a fertilizer
Below is information about six chemicals.

Use the table to write the letter of the chemical substance which:
(a) forms the most strongly acidic solution.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) forms a neutral solution.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) forms a solution which turns pH paper orange.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) is a metal .
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(e) is a carbonate.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(f) is water.
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(g) is sulphur dioxide.
........................................................................................................................................................................
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) F
(e) D
(f) B
(g) A
Antacid tablets are used to treat indigestion, which is caused by excess acid in the stomach.
Details of four solids, which are used to neutralise stomach acid, are shown in the table below.

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 14 of 16
(a) Complete the table. [3]
(b) Complete the equation for the reaction of magnesium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.
Mg(OH) 2 + 2HCl -- + H2O [1]
(c) An experiment was carried out to find out how much acid was needed to neutralise one gram of
each of the solids. The solid was put into a flask with water and an indicator, then acid was added.
(i) Describe how you would find out the exact amount of acid needed.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Why is it important to use the same concentration of acid each time?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(d) Another way to compare the solids is to find out how much solid is needed to neutralise 20 cm 3 of acid.
The results are shown below.

(i) Calculate the costs of each solid used.

.............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(ii) Use all the information given to choose the best antacid.
Give a reason for your answer
(a) MgCO3 1
calcium carbonate fizzes 2
(b) MgCl2 1
(c) (i) add acid slowly/ from a burette 1
until indicator changes colour 1
(ii) as a control/ for a fair test 1
(d) (i) 0.7 5 16 = 11.2 p 1
1.2 5 11 = 13.2 p 1
0.6 5 7.5 = 4.5 p 1
0.4 5 22 = 8.8 p 1
(ii) magnesium hydroxide 1
cheapest 1
no gas given off
James spilt some acid on the floor. He looked at the possibility of treating it with one of four chemicals. Their
properties are summarised in the table.
(a) (i) Why would substance D be useless for the purpose?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Which other substance would you advise him to avoid? (Give a reason)
.............................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) What type of substance is B?
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Sodium chloride is probably the best known salt. It is used in the food industry, spread on roads in
winter and used to make a range of other chemicals.
(i) State two uses of sodium chloride in the food industry.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Name two other chemicals made from sodium chloride.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Why is sodium chloride spread on winter roads?
...............................................................................................................................
(a) (i) does not react with acid 1
(ii) substance A 1
very high pH dangerous 1
(iii) a carbonate 1
(b) (i) seasoning 1

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 15 of 16
preserving foods 1
(ii) two from:
sodium carbonate, chlorine, sodium, sodium hydrogencarbonate 2
(iii ) to melt ice

Nettles, bees and ants sting by injecting acid into your skin.
Wasp stings are alkaline.
(a) How could you test to prove that the liquid from an ant is acid?
.............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Vinegar is used to treat a wasp sting and ammonia to treat a bee sting.
Explain why this works and what it tells you about vinegar and ammonia.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................ [3]
(c) Car batteries contain strong sulphuric acid.
To treat a spillage from a car battery, you must first add lots of water then put washing soda on it.
Explain this treatment.
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(a) add universal indicator/litmus 1
red acid 1
(b) vinegar is acid 1
ammonia is alkaline 1
they neutralise the stings 1
(c) water dilutes acid 1
washing soda neutralises it
The pH of soil is very important in deciding which crops grow best.
The table below shows the pH ranges which are best for some plants.

The soil in three fields was tested.

The results are shown below.

(a) In which field is the soil most acidic?

........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) For each field list the crops which would grow best in it.
Field A ................................................................................................................................................ [3]
Field B ................................................................................................................................................. [2]
Field C ................................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Lime can be added to raise the pH of the soil.
Which field would need lime before you could grow leeks in it?
........................................................................................................................................................................
(a) field C 1
(b) A beans, onion, leek 3
B beans, leek 2
C potato 1
(c) field C
Complete the following sentences about acids, bases and salts.
(i) Acids have a pH below ________. [1]
(ii) When acids are mixed with alkalis they become ________. [1]

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Cambridge Checkpoint SCIENCE [Biology] | Page 16 of 16
(iii) All acids contain ________. [1]
(iv) Acids react with carbonates to produce ________ ________ gas. [1]
(v) The acid found in vinegar is called ________ ________. [1]
(vi) Acids are also found in __________. [1]
(vii) An example of an alkali is _________. [1]
(viii) Safety spectacles must be used when handling acids or alkalis, because they are ________.
(i) seven/7 1
(ii) neutral/ neutralised 1
(iii) hydrogen/ hydrogen ions 1
(iv) carbon dioxide 1
(v) ethanoic acid 1
(vi) lemons/car batteries/nettles etc 1
(vii) sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide/ammonia etc 1
(viii) corrosive

Answer 1: D
Answer 2: D