Flash Cards of

Vocabulary and Concepts

for

Grade 10

Social Studies

TAKS Test
 Power is held by the
Armed rebellion,
people and exercised
uprising against the
through the efforts of
government or authority,
representatives elected
a period of great change
by those people

War for United States

independence,
Free from influence or
1775 – 1783,
control of other nations,
major battles –
sovereign
Lexington & Concord,
Saragota, Yorktown
 Representative
Revolution government
(republicanism)

Independence American Revolution

 July 4, 1776, written by
Declaration of
Thomas Jefferson,
Independence signed,
American colonies
start of Revolutionary
declare independence
War, United States
from England, list of
established as an
grievances against King
independent nation
George III

Rights/privileges, which, Taxation without

according to the consent, no
Declaration of representation, no trial
Independence, cannot be by jury, quartering
taken away, these include troops, standing armies,
life, liberty, and the etc. – addressed by
pursuit of happiness (and Constitution and Bill of
property) Rights
 Declaration of
1776
Independence

Colonial Grievances Unalienable right

 Main author of the
Commander in Chief of
Declaration of
Continental Army,
Independence,
1st President of
3rd President of
United States
United States

First government of
United States from
An alliance of states
1781-1788,
where states have the
state sovereignty, weak
majority of the power
national government – no
and retain their
standing army, no power
sovereignty
to tax, no courts, no
executive
 George Washington Thomas Jefferson

Articles of Confederation Confederation

 First document of
Passed by Parliament in
English rights, trial by
1689 – English rights
jury, people could not be
reinforced, no taxation,
deprived of life, liberty,
right to petition,
and property, signed by
individual rights
King John in 1215

1st Amendment right, 1st Amendment right,

right to speak one’s own right to state anything in
mind the printed form
English Bill of Rights Magna Carta

Freedom of the Press Free Speech

 A document that defines U.S. Constitution written
the government, restrains at Constitutional
the powers of the Convention in
government, and Philadelphia, ratification
guarantees certain rights of Constitution and
to the people Federalist Papers in 1788

Basic law and

government of the United
States, based on
seven principles – Philosophy of limited
republicanism, popular government with elected
sovereignty, federalism, representatives serving at
limited government, the will of the people
separation of power,
checks and balances,
individual rights
 1787 Constitution

Republicanism
U.S. Constitution
(representative
1787-1788
government)
Limits are placed on the
All political power rests
powers of government,
with the people who can
everyone including all
create, alter, and abolish
authority figures must
government
obey the laws

The rights of the people

protected in the Bill of
Rights including
Distribution of the
economic rights related
powers of government
to property, political
between a central
rights related to freedom
(federal) government and
of speech and press, and
the regional (states)
personal rights related to
governments
bearing arms and
maintaining private
residences.
Popular sovereignty Limited government

Individual rights Federalism

 Form of government Each branch of the
organized in three government shares its
branches – a legislative power and checks the
branch (Congress), an other two, prevents any
executive branch (the branch of government
President) and a judicial from becoming too
branch (Supreme Court). powerful

Basic rights - 1 Speech,

press, religion, assembly,
Newspaper articles in
petition 2 Bear arms
New York state -
3 Quarter soldiers
explained reasons why
4 Searches, 5 Due
people should adopt the
process, 6 Fair trial,
new US constitution,
7 Jury trial,
authors: Alexander
8 Cruel/unusual
Hamilton, James
punishment 9 States
Madison, John Jay
rights,  Individual
rights not listed
Checks and balances Separation of powers

Bill of Rights
Federalist Papers
1st Ten Amendments
 Attempt by South
A view held by Carolina to nullify of
Southerners before the federal law in 1832,
Civil War that the states issue – high federal
were sovereign and had tariffs, South Carolina
rights independent of the protested/refused to pay,
federal government and Pres Jackson –Force Act,
law South Carolina
backed down

Dates of the Civil War

between North and 1861 – 1865,
South, War Between the war between the
States, began with Ft. Northern and Southern
Sumter and ended at states, North wins,
Appomattox Courthouse, Abraham Lincoln
major battles – president, main battles –
Gettysburg and Gettysburg & Vicksburg
Vicksburg
Nullification Crisis States’ rights

Civil War 1861 – 1865

 13th – 1865 –
abolished slavery
14th – 1868 –
Ended slavery in United
guaranteed all citizens,
States, adopted in 1865
including former slaves,
during Reconstruction
civil rights and equality
period
15th – 1870 –
guaranteed voting rights
to former male slaves

Due process and equal

Guaranteed right to vote
protection under the law,
to African American
applies to the states,
males, adopted in 1870
defined U.S. citizenship,
during Reconstruction
adopted in 1868 during
period
Reconstruction period
 Reconstruction
13th Amendment
amendments

15th Amendment 14th Amendment

Factors related to people
– population distribution, Factors related to natural
population density, environment –
population growth rates, topography, climate,
agriculture and industry, vegetation, land forms,
culture, environment, water bodies, natural
government, language, resources, and location
religion, history, on earth
economy, education, etc.

The process where

plants, animals, diseases,
Example of spatial
ideas, or innovations are
diffusion, Black Death,
transmitted from one
spread from Asia to
group or culture to
Europe, 1347 to 1352,
another across space;
25 million (one third
examples – bubonic
died) in Europe
plague, Columbian
exchange
Physical geographic Human geographic
factors factors

Bubonic Plague Spatial diffusion

 New ways of doing things
which are based on a
Example of spatial technology, major
diffusion of food, plants, changes that improve
animals, and diseases how people live,
between the New World examples – fire,
(the Americas) and the agriculture, writing,
Old World (Europe, electricity, industry,
Africa, Asia) telephones, airplanes,
computers, air
conditioning, computers

A war between people,

factions, or regions with
a country
Technological
Columbian Exchange
innovations

Civil war
Process of people moving
to a new place to stay Open armed conflict
permanently or for a between nations
long time

Buying and selling,

Making a new product,
exchange of goods,
process, or thing
business dealings
 War Migration

Inventions Trade
 The growth of the
economy of nation as
All humans require three
measured by its gross
things to survive – food,
domestic product (GDP)
clothing, and shelter
and at the personal level
by GDP per capita

An economic system
where production is An economic system
determined by tradition where the production of
and customs and goods goods and services is
and services are determined by the
exchanged by bartering government
without money
Economic growth Basic economic needs

Command economy Traditional economy

 An economic system
where the production of
Making or producing an
goods and services is
item, goods, tangible
determined by demand
items
from consumers; also
called capitalism

Level of development in
a country, measured by
Information concerning
factors like the amount of
population of a nation –
personal income, levels
life expectancy, birth
of education, food
rate, infant mortality
consumption, life
rate, death rate,
expectancy, availability
distribution of people by
of health care, ways
age, etc.
natural resources are
used, level of technology
 Production Market economy

Standard of living Demographic data

 Goods produced by a
family only for own Growing crops and
consumption, small scale, raising animals for sale
low technology, no in the market to make a
surplus, no trade with profit
others

Products usually made in Products usually made in

the home or in small a factory by a machine to
shops, small scale sell in a market,
production of goods for production of
sale in markets in manufactured goods in a
traditional economy market economic system
 Market-oriented
Subsistence agriculture
agriculture

Commercial industry Cottage industry