Computational Method Course

CHEG 220
Week_3_Lec_1
Programming with MATLAB

Previously in CHEG220
Structured MATLAB Programs
Top-down Structure
Built-in and user-defined Functions

Outline

Designing and developing programs

Relational Operators and Logical Variables
Logical operators and Functions
Conditional Statements
Loops and Switch Structures
Application to programming

Logical Operators (1)

MATLAB has five logical or Boolean operators

~
&
|
&&
||

NOT
AND
OR
Short circuit AND
Short circuit OR

Logical operators have lower precedence than the arithmetic

operators

Logical Operators (2)

Examples
1- A[1,0,1]. ~A[0,1,0]
2- A[1,0,1], B[0,0,1]. A & B = C[0,0,1]
3- A[1,0,1], B[0,0,1]. A | B = C[1,0,1]

Logical Operators (2)

Order of precedence for operator types

1- Parentheses, evaluated starting with the innermost pair
2- Arithmetic operators and logical NOT (~), evaluated from left to right
3- Relational operators, evaluated from left to right
4- Logical AND
5-Logical OR

Logical operators (3)

Examples
x[0,3,9], y[14,-2,9] z=~x , z[1,0,0]
u=~x>y, u[0,1,0]
v=~(x>y), v[1,0,1]
z =[5,-3,0,0]&[2,4,0,5] z=[1,1,0,0]
x[6,3,9] ,y[14,2,9], a[4,3,12],z=(x>y)&a, z[0,1,0]
z =[5,-3,0,0]|[2,4,0,5] z=[1,1,0,1]

Logical operators (4)

The exclusive OR function xor(A,B) is defined as

the following:
z=xor(A,B) = (A|B) & ~(A&B)
z=xor([3,0,6],[5,0,0]) z[0,0,1]
z=[3,0,6]|[5,0,0] z[1,0,1]

Logical operators (5)

Table of truth
x
y
~x
x|y
x&y
xor (x,y)
true true false true
true
false
True false false true
false
true
false true true true
false
true
false false true false
false
false

Logical operators (6)

find Function
The function find(x) computes an array containing the
indices of the nonzero elements of the array x
Example: x=[5,-3,0,0,8]; y[2,4,0,5,7]
z=find[x&y] z=[1,2,5]

Conditional statements(1)

The MATLAB conditional statements enable us to

write programs that make decisions
Conditional statements contain one or more of the if,
else, and else if statements.
The end statement denotes the end of a conditional
statement.

Conditional statements(2)

The if statement
if logical expression
statements
end

if x >= 0
y = sqrt(x)
end

Conditional statements(3)

Another example
z=0;w=0;
if (x>=0)&(y>=0)
z=sqrt(x)+sqrt(y)
w=log(x)-3*log(y)
end

Conditional statements(4)

Nested if statements
if logical expression 1
statement group 1
if logical expression 2
statement group 2
end
end

if x<0
y=abs(x)
if y>4
z=sqrt(y)
end
end

Conditional statements(7)

if logical expression 1
if logical expression 2
statements
end
end

The if statement
if logical expression 1 & logical expression 2

statements
end

Conditional statements(5)
Flowchart
x
x<0?

false

true
y=abs(x)

y>4?
true

z=sqrt(y)

End

false

Conditional statements(6)

The else statement

if logical expression
statement group 1
else
statement group 2
end

if x >= 0
y = sqrt(x)
else
y=exp(x)-1
end

Conditional statements(8)
The else statement
start

Logical
Expression

False

True
Statement Group 1

End

Statement Group 2

Conditional statements(9)

The elseif statement

if logical expression 1
statement group 1
elseif logical expression 2
statement group 2
else
statement group 3
end

if x >= 5
y = log(x)
elseif x>=0
y=sqrt(x)
else
y=exp(x)-1
end

Conditional statements(10)
Start
Logical
Expression 1

True

The elseif statement

False

Logical
Expression 1

False

Statement
Group 1

True
Statement
Group 2

End

Statement
Group 3

Conditional statements(12)
flowchart

No

x>10
Yes

y=5x
z=7x

y=log(x)

No

y3?
Yes
z=4y

y2.5?
Yes

z=0
z=2y

y,z

No

Conditional statements(11)
The program describing the flowchart on the last slide :
if x > 10
y=log(x)
if y >= 3
z=4*y
elseif y >= 2.5
z=2*y
else
z=0
end
else
y=5*x
z=7*x
end