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a= (2xDx)/d
= (2xDx)/(x/n)
b=[(0.027)2 x (0.226)2]-1/2
= 0.227
Now, (b/b)max=(0.227/0.549)
=0.414
The maximum percentage error in b will be given by,
Theory
Two slits each of width a and separated by an opaque space of width b(such
that a is almost one-third the size of b) is adjusted using a traveling microscope
and then adjusted vertically on a table in front of a screen kept at a much farther
distance. The LASER torch is adjusted so that the light falls horizontally on the
slits and illuminates them. When parallel light of wavelength falls from a
source on the double slit normally ,the rays get diffracted at an angle from each
slit will produce at the screen a pattern in which we shall get diffraction effect due
to each slit as well as interference effect of rays diffracted at an angle from the
corresponding points of two slits separated by a distance (a+b). On the diffraction
system there is superposed an interference system. Interference fringes fall
within the diffraction pattern which acts as an envelope. If and are
respectively the angular separations between two successive dark bands
diffraction pattern and two successive dark bands of the interference pattern
then,
ax=
=>a=/
and
(a+b)=
=>(a+b)=/
and
=d/(2xD)
Therefore,
a=(2xDx)/d
and
(a+b)=(2xDx)/d
Knowing D,d,d and the values of a,(a+b) and hence b can be calculated from
the above relations.
Experimental Data :Width of slit (a) as measured from traveling microscope = 0.41mm
Width of opaque space (b) as measured from traveling microscope = 1.20
Therefore, (a+b) = 1.61mm
Also given, D = 8000 mm
And, = 650 nm
Data for slit width from Diffraction Pattern
Serial
No.
Order of
dark
fringes
from
central
maxima
Reading of
different
dark bands
from graph
Difference
of readings
between 6
dark bands
(x)
Mean
(x)
in mm
Value of
d=x/6
in mm
Slit width
A=D/d
in mm
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
2
1
0
12
25
41
52
80
78
78
71
72
75.8
12.6
0.41
6
7
8
9
10
11
0
1
2
3
4
5
80
90
103
112
124
Reading
from
graph
Difference Value of
between 3 d=(x/3)
dark bands in mm
(x)
Mean d
in mm
(a+b)=D/d Value of
in mm
b=(a+b)-a
in mm
1
2
3
4
5
6
60
63
66
69
73
76
9
10
9
3.1
1.67
3.0
3.3
3.0
1.26
Discussion :It can be clearly seen from the above calculation that the maximum
percentage error of 41.4% when sodium vapour was used is drastically reduced
to 2.9% when a strictly mono-chromatic LASdER source is used.
The LASER being highly directional & high intensity does not disperse
when traveling in the medium (air over here), hence, D between the screen &
the slit can be made larger to reduce the error.
Thus, it can be clearly seen how using LASER reduces error.