CHAPTER 2 : FORCES AND MOTION

2.1 Linear Motion [……../49 x 100 = ………..%]

A student is able to :
• Define distance and displacement
• Define speed and velocity and state that v = s/t
• Define acceleration and deceleration and state that a = v - u
t
• Calculate speed and velocity
• Calculate acceleration / deceleration
• Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration using
(i) v = u + at
(ii) s = ut + ½ at2
(iii) v2 = u2 + 2as
Distance and Displacement
A. Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

1. Physical quantities can be divided into 2.

(a) (1)……………………… quantity
(b) (2)……………………… quantity
2. Distance is a (3)………………… quantity which has (4)………………. and no (5)………………
3. (6)………………… is a vector quantity which has magnitude and direction
4. The SI unit for both physical quantities is (7)……………

Speed and Velocity

B. Complete the table below

Aspect Speed Velocity

(8) Rate of change of
Definition
displacement
Type of physical
Scalar (9)
quantity
Speed = Total distance (10)
Formula
Time Velocity =
(11)
SI unit m s-1

Acceleration
C. Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

1. Acceleration is the rate of change of (12)……………..

2. Acceleration , a = Final velocity - Initial velocity
Time taken

a=
(13)

3. The SI unit of acceleration is (14)…………

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 4. Acceleration is a (15)………….. quantity.
5. Acceleration occurs when an object moves with (16)……………. velocity.
6. (17)…………………. occurs when an object moves with decreasing velocity

D. Solve the problem.

1. A car starts from points from point O and moves to U, 50 m to the north in 60 s. The car then
moves to B, 120 m to the west in 40 s. Finally, it stops.
Calculate,
(a) total distance moved by the car (18)

(b) displacement of the car (19)

(c) speed of the car when it is moves to the north (20)

(d) velocity of the car (21)

(e) average speed of the car (22)

2. A bus stops at a station to pick passengers up. It then moves and attains a velocity of 15 m s-1
in 8 s. What is the acceleration of the bus? (23)

E. Complete the table below with the correct answer

Increasing short increasing far same

Speed decreasing low high decreasing

Pattern Explanation
(a) Direction of motion

The distance between the dots is the (24)………. It shows that the
. . . . . . . object is moving with (25)……………
.
Initial Final

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 (b) Direction of motion

The distance between the dots is (26)………….. It shows that the

................ object is moving very (27)..……….
.
Initial Final
(c) Direction of motion

The distance between the dots is (28)…………. It shows that the

. . . . . . speed of the object is moving with (29)…………. speed.
.
Initial Final
(d) Direction of motion

The distance between the dots is (30)……………. It shows that

. . . . . . . the speed of the object is (31)…………….
.
Initial Final
(e) Direction of motion

The distance between the dots is (32)……………. It shows that

. . . . . . . the speed of the object is (33)………………
.
Initial Final

F. Determine the acceleration of a trolley from the ticker tape

1. The ticker tape is divided into 5 parts. Every part has 2 ticks as shown in figure below.
Calculate the acceleration.

1 cm 5 cm

A B C D E F
Solution :

Step Solution
1. Time taken of one part (34) One part = ……. Ticks
= ……. x 0.02 s
= ………. s
2. initial velocity, u = s initial (35) u = cm
t initial s

= ………. cm s-1
3. Final velocity, v = s final (36)
t final v= cm
s

= ………. cm s-1
4. Determine the total time (37) Total time, t = ( ) x …….. s
= x ……... s
Total time = ( Total parts – 1) x time of one part
= ………. s
5. Acceleration, a = v – u (38) a=v–u

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 t t
=

= ………… cm s-2

The equations of motion

G. Complete the table below
Physical Quantity Symbol
Displacement (39)
(40) v
Initial velocity (41)
acceleration (42)

H. List the equations of linear motion.

(i) (43)
(ii) (44)
(iii) (45)
(iv) (46)

I. Solve the following problems using the equations of linear motion

(a) A car moves from rest to a velocity of 10 ms-1 in 5 s .Calculate the acceleration of the car
Solution : (47)

(b) A car traveling with a velocity of 10 m s-1 accelerates uniformly at a rate of 3 m s-2 for 20 s.
Calculate the displacement of the car.
Solution : (48)

(c) A van that is traveling with velocity 16 m s-1 decelerates until it comes to a stop. If the distance
traveled is 8 m, calculate the deceleration of the van.
Solution : (49)

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2.2 ANALYSING MOTION GRAPH [………/20 x 100 = …………%]

A student is able to :
• Plot and interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs.
• Deduce from the shape of a displacement-time graph when a body is:
i) at rest
ii) moving with uniform velocity
iii) moving with non-uniform velocity
• Determine distance, displacement and velocity from a displacement-time graph.
• Deduce from the shape of a velocity-time graph when a body is:
i) at rest
ii) moving with uniform velocity
iii) moving with uniform acceleration
• Determine distance, displacement and velocity and acceleration from a velocity-time
graph.
• Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration

A. Describe the motion of an object as shown in the following motion graphs.

(a) The Displacement-Time Graph

Graph of s against t Explanation

s/m
The displacement of the object from a fixed point is
(1)………………Therefore, the velocity of the object is (2)
………………….

0 t/s

s/m The gradient of the graph = (3)……………..of the object.

The gradient of the graph is (4)……………., therefore the
velocity of the object is (5)…………….

0 t/s

s/m
The gradient of the graph (6)…………….. with time.
Therefore the velocity of the object (7)……………. with
(8)…………….

0 t/s

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 (b) The velocity – time graph

Graph of v against t Explanation

v/m s-1
Velocity of object is (9)…………. . The object is (10)
………………
t/s

v/m s-1
The object is moving with uniform (11)…………………

t/s

v/m s-1 The gradient of the graph = (12)………………

The gradient of the graph is (13)……………
Therefore, the acceleration of the object is (14)
………………
t/s

v/m s-1
Area under the graph = (15)………………….

t/s

B. Describe the motion of a runner who is running in a straight line

s/m

C
25

20 A B
15
10
5 D
O t/s
5 10 12
15
Solution :

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 Motion of the runner
O-A Running with a uniform velocity of 3 m s-1
A-B (16)
B-C (17)
C-D (18)

C. Study the velocity-time graph.

v/m s-1

10
B C

D
t/s
A 5 10 15 20 25

Calculate:-
(i) the acceleration, a, for sections AB, BC and CD (19)
(ii) total displacement (20)

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2.3 UNDERSTANDING INERTIA […………./20 x 100 = ………….%]

A student is able to :
• Explain what inertia is
• Relate mass to inertia
• Give examples to reduce the negative effects of inertia

A. Fill in the blanks or underline the correct answers

1.

When the bus stops suddenly our feet are brought to rest but due to inertia, our body tends
to continue its (1) (forward / backward) motion. This causes our body to jerk forward (thrown
forward)

2.

When the bus moves suddenly from rest our feet are carried (2) (forward/backward) but due
to inertia our body tends to keep us (3) (rest/moving). This causes our body to fall
backwards. (thrown backwards)

3. The inertia of an object is the (4) ............................. of the object to remain at (5) ........... or if
moving to continue its uniform motion in a straight line.
4. The (6) ………. of an object is the amount or quantity of matter contained in the object.
5. The SI unit of mass is (7) ………………
6. The mass of an object is (8)…………… wherever it is measured. It is different from (9) ………..
which is affected by the force of (10) …………….
7. An object with a larger mass has a (11) …………….. inertia.

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Effects of inertia
B. Explain the positive effect by using the clues given.
Clue : Drying a wet umbrella
The umbrella is rotated and when
stopped abruptly, the droplet of
water on the umbrella is (12)
……………. due to (13)
…………….
Clue : Pouring tomato sauce out
of
the bottle.
When the bottle is given a quick
downward jerk and stopped
suddenly, the (14)…………. of the
sauce tend to move it downwards
and out of the bottle.

Positive effect
Of inertia

Clue : Tighten a hammer head Clue: Running zig-zig when

The wooden handle is hit against a
hard surface, the hammer head with
a big mass and big (15)………….
causes it to continue moving
although the handle has been
stopped, thus fitting it tighter to the
handle.
chased by a bull.
This is because the inertia of the
bull is (16)……………. due to its
big mass. This makes the bull
difficult to change directions
suddenly.

C. Match the correct explanation to each of the characteristics

Characteristic Explanation
(a) The tank which carries liquid in a lorry
Hold the passengers to their seat
should be divided into smaller tanks
during collision
(17)
(b) The part between the driver’s seat and
Prevent the driver from hitting the
load should have strong steel
steering in an accident
structure (18)
Prevent the load from being thrown to
(c) Safety belts (19)
the front
To reduce the effects of inertia when
(d) Airbag (20)
stopped suddenly.

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2.4 ANALYSiNG MOMENTUM [………/31 x 100 = ………….%]

A student is able to :
• Define the momentum of an object.
• Define momentum ( ρ ) as the product of mass (m) and velocity(v) i.e ρ = mv.
• State the principle of conservation of momentum.
• Describe the applications of conservation of momentum.
• Solve problems involving momentum

A. Fill in the blank with the correct answer

1. Momentum is defined as the product of (1) ……………… and (2) ……………….
2. The formula of momentum is given by :
Momentum = (3) ……………….. x ……………….
ρ = (4) ……...
3. Momentum is a (5) …………….. quantity
4. The SI unit of momentum is (6) …………
5. Momentum (7) ……………………….. when velocity (8) ……………………..
6. The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total (9) ……………… in a
closed system of object is (10) ………………..
7. The total momentum (11) ………………… the collision is (12) ……………… to the total
momentum (13) ……………… the collision, if no (14) ………………………. acts on the
system.
8. The principle of conservation of momentum can be applied in
(a) (15) …………………… collision
(b) (16) …………………… collision
(c) (17) …………………….

B. Fill in the blank

1. Collision 1 : Both bodies separates after collision. Momentum is (18) …………........

u1
m1 u2 v2
m2 m1
m2

Before collision after collision

Momentum : (19)

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 2. Collision 2 : Both objects move together after collision. (20) …………. is conserved.
u1
u2 = 0 v
m1
m2 m1 + m2

Before collision after collision

Momentum : (21)

3. Explosion : Before the explosion, the object are at rest.

Two or more bodies in contact will be (22) ……………… after the explosion.

(m1 + m2), u = 0 v1 v2
m2

Before explosion after explosion

Momentum : (23)

B. Complete the table below

Elastic collision Inelastic collision Explosion

(a) Both bodies will separated Two or more bodies in contact will
(24)
after collision be separated after the collision
(b) (25) The total momentum is conserved The total momentum is conserved

(c) The total kinetic energy (26) (27)

is conserved
(c) (28) Total energy is conserved Total energy is conserved

C. Solve the following problems

1. Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s-1 collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20
m s-1 in front of it. Car A and B move separately after collision. If Car A moves at 25 m s-1
after collision, determine the velocity of Car B after collision.

Solution : (29)

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2. A trolley of mass 4 kg moves at 3 m s-1 and collide with a trolley of mass 2 kg which is
moving in the opposite direction at 1 m s-1. After the collision, both trolleys move together
with the same velocity. What is their common velocity?

Solution : (30)

3. A bullet of mass 2 g is shot from a gun of mass 1 kg with a velocity of 150 m s-1. Calculate
the velocity of the recoil of the gun after firing.

Solution : (31)

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