PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Bacteria and Viruses

Direct hand to hand

Droplet
contact

Enters tothe nose by

inhaling

Immune defenses

Hair lining filters and trap some

pathogens

Potential invaders

Traps in upper respiratory

tract which coats by mucus

Impinge on the back of the throat

Transport pathogens up to the pharynx

Inflammatory response to immune system

Swelling Erythema Increase mucus secretion fever

A B E

C D
 C D
A B E
cough colds

Adenoids and tonsils contain immune

cell that respond to pathogens

Humoral immunity and cellular immunity

acts to reduce infections throughout the
entire respiratory tract

Suboptimal humoral and

phagocytic immune
system

Pathogens resist destruction

by a variety of mechanism

Production of toxins proteases

Initial nasopharyngeal infection

may spread to adjacent stuvtures

sinusitis rhinitis laryngitis pharyngitis