MODULE NUMBER EU06

DATE: 7 FEBRUARY 2004

TITLE: PEASANT REVOLTS AND URBAN UNREST, 1290-1800
Introduction:
If someone wrote a history of Europe from the standpoint of
peasants and artisans, what story would emerge? The French
historian Marc Bloch once observed that rebellions were as
integral a part of Europes agricultural economy and social
system as labor strikes would become after the industrial
revolution. One response to the question might be to track to the
changing incidence and geographical extent of rebellions in
Europe over the entire period between the late Middle Ages and
the contemporary age to the 19th Century? .
This history was characterized by a number of important shifts.
The late Middle Ages (ca. 1300-1450) witnessed a relatively small
number of large-scale upheavals. Beginning in 1400 or so,
rebellion became endemic in certain regions, especially the
Rhineland, and the Alpine borderlands between Austria, France,
the Holy Roman Empire, and the Swiss confederation. A
crescendo of revolts in this region culminated in the Peasants
War of 1525, arguably the largest social upheaval in European
history prior to the French Revolution. Then the action shifted to
southern and western France, scene of the most almost
continuous rural protest and rebellion until the 1670s. In
contrast, the eighteenth century, was a time of relative calm all
across Europe ending finally in the until the convulsions of 1789.
No single factor can explain these shifts and turns. Some
historians emphasize the expansion of markets and their
disrupting impact on local economies. Others identify a principal
cause in the consolidation of state power and its ever-growing
hunger for tax revenues. Still others argue that communal
assertiveness was the decisive factor. In some regions, ethnic and
religious differences played important roles. All would agree that
whatever the immediate cause, an important variable was
whether peasants and artisans could get awk their needs
Legend/key/instructions to artist
This is a series of maps in chronological order showing urban and
rural revolts in Europe from 1290 to 1800. For all but the first and last
two maps, the period covered is a quarter century. The first has map
begins with 1290 in order to incorporate the birth of the Swiss

confederation. The next-to-last map ends at 1789 (for obvious

reasons); the final map covers the decade between 1790 and 1800.
There should be a timeline running across the bottom and a space
below that for captions.
The map series (EU06-01 thru EU06-20) distinguishes between urban
and rural rebellions. The urban revolts (in blue on the reference
maps) should be marked with a specially colored doodad, like a dot or
a flash of some kind. The rural rebellions, when they were sufficiently
extensive geographically, should show up on the map as a shared
area. The color should be distinct from that used for the urban revolts.
Also, a large number of rebellions were too confined geographically to
show up on the map as a shaded-in area. For these smaller revolts,
use same doodad used for urban revolts but in the color that
designates rural revolts. Finally, rebellions that began in one period
and continued into the next, such as the Flemish Rising of 1323-1327,
should be included in maps on both sides of the chronological division.
Ignore the numbers on the reference maps. These are for your
information in case you are unclear as to which area corresponds to
which rebellion. There are a lot of them. For political boundaries, use
the borders marked in red from the series 1300big-1800big. These
geopolitical data are included for orientation and should not be given
visual prominence.
Section Title: 1290-1424
Introductory Text (steve: this section will go in the HTML page
before the actualy module.
The first rebellions in European that managed to rise above local
problems and involve whole regions in social protest occurred from
the late thirteenth through the fourteenth centuries. One of the
earliest of these produced the Swiss confederation in 1291, thereby
laying the foundation of an independent European state. The wellorganized Flemish Rising of 1323-1327 united towns and villages in
defense of custom and against a new tax and was defeated only with
the help of France. The impact of other rebellions was more limited,
but many shared the goal of eliminating the restrictions on personal
freedom associated with serfdom. The English Peasants War of 1381
took steps toward the abolition of serfdom in England. In Catalonia,
peasants allied with the king against nobles and towns to end serfdom
there.
The most violent but also the shortest revolt was the Jacquerie
around Paris in 1358. Other movements showed greater staying
power, such as the Tuchinat, a guerrilla war in the mountains of

south-central France. In the middle of this period, the Black Death

(1348-1351) carried off one third of Europes population. This
disruption contributed to urban upheavals right across Europe, from
Seville in Spain to Florence in Italy to Lbeck in northern Germany,
awk. in which artisans attempted to gain a seat and voice in civic
government.
The period culminated with a religiously inspired uprising, the Hussite
revolution in Bohemia (1420-1434), which united town and country
behind the reform of religion and social order. As their strength grew,
Hussite armies invaded territories to the north and west; eventually a
peace settlement ended the fighting. Because it was directed in part
against cultural and political domination from outside Bohemia,
something wrong here finally, the Hussite revolution also represents
an early instance of ethnic or proto-nationalist resistance.

Frame No: EU06-01a

Caption: 1290-1324
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-01.jpg; for political boundaries,
Text box
The Swiss Confederation, first formed in 1291, was built on a
foundation of communally organized and self-governing peasant
districts. In their revolt against an indemnity tax, the peasants and
townspeople of Flanders seized control of local courts and
administration to overthrow the rule of noble lords.
use 1300big.jpg
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: The Swiss Confederation, 1291
(1); The Latter Pastoureaux Movement, 1329 (3); The Flanders Rising,
1323-1328 (4)
Frame No: EU06-01b
Caption: 1325-1349
Text Box
A French intervention suppressed the Flanders Rising in 1327-1328.
During the mid-1330s, the Armleder movement in Franconia and
along the Upper Rhine mixed anger over usuryan early symptom
of the emerging money economywith hostility toward Jews.
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-02.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1300big.jpg
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: The Flanders Rising, 1323-1328
(4); Armleder Movement, 1336-1339 (7)
Frame No: EU06-01c
Caption: 1350-1374

Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-03.jpg; for political boundaries,

Text Box
The two major revolts of this period were a study in contrasts. In
1358 the great Jacquerie around Parisa revolt motivated
principally by economic grievanceswas notable for its explosive
spontaneity and violence. The Tuchinat in south-central France
was a disciplined and long-term campaign of collective action
use 1300big.jpg
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Jacquerie, 1358 (10); Tuchinat,
1363-1384 (12)
Frame No: EU06-01d
Caption: 1375-1399
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-04.jpg; for political boundaries,
Text Box
The late fourteenth century was a period of great upheavals. In
Florence, a revolt of artisans, the Ciompi (1378), temporarily
made city government more inclusive. In cities across northern
Germany, guilds demanded a permanent voice in public life. The
English Rising of 1381 raised the peasants demand for freedom
from
serfdom and other forms of noble domination. Riots against
use
1400big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Revolt of the Ciompi, 1378 (16);
Tuchinat, 1363-1384 (22); English Peasants Revolt, 1381 (23, 25-26);
Maillotin Riots, 1382 (27); Juderia, 1391 (32)
Frame No: EU06-01e
Caption: 1400-1424

Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-04a; for political boundaries, use

Text Box
The Hussite revolution in Bohemia emerged from demands for
church reform, then became for some a movement to reorganize
society along egalitarian and communal lines. In southwestern
Germany, a growing number of communal rebellions aimed at
containing serfdom or abolishing it. In Switzerland, the peasants of
1400big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Appenzell War, 1403-1408 (35);
Caboche Riots, 1413-1414 (40); Hussite Revolution, 1420-1434 (43)
Section Title: 1425-1549
Introductory Text (steve: this text to go in HTML between
section 1 and 2.
Beginning around 1400, distinct regional patterns of rebellion
develop. A buildup of local revolts in the Alps and the border zone
between France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Swiss
Confederation, for example, reflected the increasing assertiveness of
village communes and their efforts to defend customary rights against
encroachments on them by nobles and princes; to lower rents and
improve legal rights to land; and to oppose the restrictions of serfdom
on the right to marry and take up residence freely. This trend
continued right through the fifteenth century.
One prominent manifestation of its was the Bundschuh conspiracies,
named for the peasant shoe that festooned the rebels banners. The
movement was organized over a large geographical area and tried to
mobilize city folk as well as rural people in far-reaching social and
apostolic reforms. The Poor Conrad movement in the Duchy
Wrttemberg, by contrast, reacted to new taxes, though it too
included people from both sides of the town-country divide. In the
East, the Hungarian Crusade (1514) transformed into a peasants
revolt against the erosion of their property rights.
The German Peasants War of 1525 overshadows all other rebellions,
urban or rural, of the sixteenth century. Indeed, no other rebellion
came close to it in terms of sheer geographical extent and the
numbers of people involvedperhaps as many as 100,000 rebels in
April and May. Beginning in the heartland of late medieval communal
rebellions, the Peasants War quickly spread across southern and
central Germany. By April and May, the rebellion had spread into

Switzerland in the south, to Alsace in the west, Thuringia, and Saxony

in the north, and to the Tirolean Alps in the east. It also endured
longest and took on its most radical forms in these mountainous
regions. Nor was participation in the rebellion confined to rural
people: urban uprisings also occurred in several major cities,
including Frankfurt
Frame No: EU06-02a
Caption: 1425-1449
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-05.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1400big
Text Box
The Hussite wars ended with modest gains for church reform, but
frustration for those who had hoped for a communal transformation
of society. In the Swiss Alps, an Evil Union (1445) opposes taxes
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Hussite Revolution, 1420-1434
(43); Bundschuh, 1439-1444 (49); The Evil Union, 1445 (51)

Frame No: EU06-02b

Caption: 1450-1474
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-06.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1400big
Text Box
In 1462, the enserfed peasants of Catalonia began agitating, on the
basis of customary right, for an end to serfdom. Bundschuh revolts
stirred around Ulm and in the Black Forest. In 1462, peasants in the
Austrian Alps rebelled against taxes and occupied the mountain
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Revolts of the Remensas, 14621486 (41); Bundschuh, 1450 (54); Revolt of the Forans, 1450-1453
(55); Bundschuh, 1460 (59); Pongau-Pinzgau Rising 1462-1463 (60)
Frame No: EU06-02c
Caption: 1475-1499
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-07.jpg; for political boundaries,
Text Box
Rebellions were unusually frequent in an area stretching from the
Upper Rhineland to the Austrian Alps. Some were reactions to
serfdom, while others opposed the concentration of state power. In
Florence, the monk Giorlamo Savonarola rose to power on a tide of
use 1500big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Niklashausen Pilgrimage, 1476
(68); Waldmann Affair, 1489 (73); Savonarola Movement, 1490-1498
(75); Kempten Monastery Rising 1491 (76); Bundschuh, 1493 (77)

Frame No: EU06-02d

Caption: 1500-1524
Text Box
In Switzerland, rural people rose up against the domination of cities
(1513-1516). Intrusions on local custom and heavy taxation
prompted rebellions in Wrttemberg (1514) and Slovenia (1515). In
Spain, a number of cities united in protest against taxes and the
Habsburg
dynastys
rule (1520-1521).
Use
Map inventory
number(s):
EU06-08.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1500big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Bundschuh, 1501-1502 (81); The
Cruel Carnival, 1511 (84); Bundschuh, 1513 (87); Swiss Peasants
Revolt, 1513-1516 (89); The Hungarian Crusade, 1514 (93); Poor
Conrad Movement, 1514 (91, 92); Bundschuh, 1515 (95); Slovenian
Revolt, 1515 (96); The First Germani, 1519-1523 (101); Comunero
Revolt, 1520-1521 (102)
Frame No: EU06-02e
Caption: 1525-1549
Text Box
In Peasants War of 1524-1526, the largest rebellion in history,
engulfed much of the Holy Roman Empire. In northern England, the
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) meant to save monasteries from
confiscation. Ketts revolt (1549) protested the enclosure of common
lands. In France, the Pitauds (1548) rebel against the salt taxthe
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-09.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1500big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: The German Peasants War,
1524-1526 (108); East Prussian Peasants Rising, 1525 (109);
Anabaptist Kingdom, 1534 (116); Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536 (118);
Revolt of the Pitauds, 1548 (126); Ketts Rebellion, 1549 (127); Prayer
Book Rebellion, 1549 (128)

Section Title: 1550-1699

Introductory Text (steve: this will go in the HTML space
between section 2 and 3.
The period between 1550 and 1699 was so turbulent that many
historians often speak of a General Crisis in European society and
politics. From the standpoint of peasants and artisans, it was the
great age of the tax revolt. War was the primary reason for heavier
taxation, though not the only one. Nor did conflicts over taxes play out
the same way in every region. In central and eastern Europe, the
Turkish Empires expansion fueled increases in taxation and military
recruitment. The many revolts of this period in the Austrian lands, as
well as the Croatian revolt of 1572-1573, were of this type. In France,
the centralization of royal power, the burdens of war, and the erosion
of local autonomy lay behind most revolts. These particularly frequent
in the south and southwest, where communes still were relatively
strong and the kings power relatively still remote. A series of tax
revolts by so-called Croquants shook the region until 1707. Anti-tax
revolts in other peripheral regions as well, such as Normandy (1649)
and Brittany (1675).
This was also a period of uprisings against foreign rule, many of which
carried strong social and religious overtones. The most prominent of
these was the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule. Resentment against
taxation erupted in Naples in 1647, a revolution that nearly toppled
Spanish rule in southern Italy. Ireland rose twice against English rule,
in 1641 and 1689.
Not every region fit these patterns, however. Events in Britain were
dominated by civil war and the temporary overthrow of monarchy
(1640-1660), but these were not driven primarily by the demands of
rural people or artisans. Unique to Britain were revolts against
enclosure, when lords seized common lands or converted farmland to
pasture. In the Empire, urban and rural conflicts were less frequent
and more local. In part, this reflected an official reaction to the great
upheaval of 1525: by giving peasants better access to courts of law,
social conflicts were more often waged through litigation than with
violence.
Frame No: EU06-03a
Caption: 1550-1574

Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-10.jpg; for political boundaries,

Text Box
In 1566, Dutch nobles and burghers confederated to oppose Spanish
rule, and a wave of Protestant image-breaking swept the region,
sparking what became the Dutch War of Independence. In southern
Spain, an assault on Arabic culture prompted the Morisco revolt.
In Croatia, peasants rebelled against taxes and efforts to impose
use 1500big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Wyatts Rebellion, 1554-1555
(129); The Wonderyear, 1566 (137); Morisco Revolt, 1568-1570
(141); Northern Rising, 1569 (142); The Croatian Revolt, 1572-1573
(143)

Frame No: EU06-03b

Caption: 1575-1599
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-11.jpg; for political boundaries,
Text Box
In Normandy, Catholic peasants attacked Protestant nobles (1579);
in Burgundy, Protestant peasants attacked Catholic lords (1594).
Rebellions in Upper Austria (1592) and Lower Austria (1596) were
directed against war taxes, conscription, and attempts to impose
use 1600big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Revolt of the Viverais, 1575
(143a); Ligue des Vilains, 1579-1580 (144); Carnival in Romans, 1580
(145); Revolt of the Gautiers, 1589 (150); War of the Penny, 1591-1592
(154); Upper Austrian Peasants War, 1592 (155); Revolt of the
Bonnets rouges, 1594 (158); Lower Austrian Peasants War, 1596
(165)
Frame No: EU06-03c
Caption: 1600-1624
Text Box
The seizure of common lands ignited the Midland Revolt (1607) in
England. In southwestern Germany, inflation and new taxes sparked
the War of the Penny (1612-1614). The Fettmilch Uprising in
Frankfurt pitted citizenry against an oligarchic city government and
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-12.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1600big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Midland Revolt, 1607 (180); War
of the Penny, 1612-1614 (187); Fettmilch Uprising, 1614 (196);
Croquants, 1624 (200)

Frame No: EU06-03d

Caption: 1625-1649
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-13.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1600big

Text Box
Increased labor services prompted the rebellion in Upper Austria
(1626). The burden of war-related taxation ignited a rash of
Croquant rebellions throughout the south and west of France and
in the north of Spain. In the kingdom of Naples, the Revolt of
Masaniello (1647-1648) briefly overthrew Spanish rule. Revolts
over forests and enclosure flared in England.
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Upper Austrian Peasants War,
1626 (202); Western Rising, 1628-1631 (206); Cascavoux Uprising,
1630 (208); Lanturelu Uprising, 1630 (209); Fenlands Rising, 16301638 (210); Vizcayan Tax Revolt, 1631 (213-214); Upper Bavarian
Peasants Revolt, 1633-1634 (217); Orme Revolt, 1635 (221);
Croquants, 1636 (223); Croquants, 1636-1637 (224), Croquants, 16361637 (225), Croquants, 1637-1641 (227); Revolt of the Va-Nu-Pieds,
1639 (230); Catalan Revolt, 1640 (233); Croquants, 1643 (239);
Valbelle Revolt, 1644 (241); Revolt of Masaniello, 1647-1648 (250)
Frame No: EU06-03e
Caption: 1650-1674
Text Box
A rural debt crisis engulfed northern Switzerland in rebellion
(1653). Revolts against royal taxation flared again in southern
France during the 1650s, 1660s, and 1670s. During the French
invasion of 1672, a rising of Dutch artisans and peasants brings
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-14.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1600big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Orme Revolt, 1651-1653 (264);
Swiss Peasants War, 1653 (267); Guyenne Rising, 1655-1656 (268);
First Villmergen War, 1656 (269); Revolt of the Sabotiers, 1658 (272);
Revolt of the Lustucrus, 1662 (278); Wildeneck Uprising, 1662-1663

(279); Chalosse Uprising, 1663-1665 (281); Audijos Uprising, 16641667 (281a); Revolt of the Roure, 1670 (284); Orangist Revolt, 1672
(286)

Frame No: EU06-03f

Caption: 1675-1699
Text Box
After the turmoil of the mid-seventeenth century, the last decades
before 1700 were relatively calm. In France, rebellions were
confined to a wave of salt- and paper tax revolts in the west. Most
extensive was a large uprising of serfs in Bohemia (1680) against
labor services. In 1693, Spanish colonists in Valencia demanded
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-15.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1700big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Torrbens Revolt, 1675 (290);
Bohemian Peasants Uprising, 1680 (292); Revolt of the Gorretes,
1688-1689 (297); Irish Rising, 1689-1691 (298); The Second
Germani, 1693 (299); Second Villmergen War, 1698-1706 (302)
Section FOUR Title: 1700-1800 (again, this text goes into the
HTML space between sections
Introductory Text
In comparison with the explosive seventeenth century, the early
eighteenth was one of relative quiet in western Europe. This is
attributable to several factors. One is simply that the machinery of
state power was more efficient and the collection of taxes better
regulated. Another factor was the waning of religious hostilities,
although as the Camisard revolt (1703-1705) showed, these could
still inspire extremes of violence. Finally, urban and rural social
protest movements were more and more involved with international
and dynastic politics: Rkczis Revolt of 1703-1709, for example, was
led by Hungarian nobles but owed much of its strength to peasant
grievances against serfdom. Similarly in 1705, normally peaceful
Bavarian peasants rebelled against foreign occupation and the
unaccustomed burdens it entailed.
This began to change in the mid-eighteenth century. Beginning in the
1770s, many governments in central and western Europe attempted
to abolish labor services and restrictions on the ability of peasants to
marry and take up residence freely. Pressure from below played an
important role. Ongoing resistance to labor services in Bohemia, for
example, further discredited the institution of serfdom. Then in 1775,

another rebellion prompted the formal abolition of labor services

there. But dissolving the economic power of lords over peasants
proved to be far more difficult. Estate-management had become both
more efficient and more resented. But top-down reforms also
disrupted local customs, which inspired resistance to the
centralization of state power.
These tensions erupted in the late 1780s. In 1789, Flemish patriots
rebelled against a reforming but heavy-handed Austrian regime. That
same year in France, a wave of rural unrest provoked the National
Assembly to abolish noble privileges and accelerated the revolution of
state and society there. News of the Revolution also inspired peasants
elsewhere to rebel against noble privilege, as they did in Saxony
(1790). In its turn, however, revolutionary France proved even more
hostile to local customs than its predecessor. As its power expanded
through western Europe, the Revolution met with determined
resistance in defense of tradition and, outside France, against foreign
rule.
Frame No: EU06-04a
Caption: 1700-1724
Text Box
In southern France, the Protestant Camisards waged a savage war
against Catholics and the monarchy. Bavarian peasants rebelled
against an Austrian occupation in 1705. In 1693, Catalan peasants
continued to press for recognition of their land titles. The noble hunt
sparked rebellion in Upper Austria. (1716-1721).
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-16.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1700big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Plooierijen, 1702-1708 (305);
Rakoczis Revolt, 1703-1709 (305a); Revolt of the Camisards, 17031705; Bavarian Peasants Revolt, 1705-1706 (309); Catalan Peasants
Revolt, 1705-1706 (310); Toggenburg War, 1712 (315); Upper Austrian
Hunting Revolt, 1716-1721 (320); Jacobite Rising, 1719 (322);
Levellers Revolt, 1724 (325)
Frame No: EU06-04b
Caption: 1725-1749

Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-17.jpg; for political boundaries,

Text Box
Serfdom was still capable of sparking rebellion. Black Forest
peasants rebelled against it in 1725 and 1745. In 1741, a French
occupation of Bohemia prompted serfs to renew their demand for an
end to labor services. In 1747-1751, urban demonstrations brought
a revolution
use
1700big of government to the Dutch Republic.
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Salpeter Wars, 1725-1745 (327328, 333, 336); Upper Styrian Rising, 1739-1740 (334); Bohemian
Peasants Revolt, 1741 (335); Jacobite Rising, 1745 (337); Orangist
Rising, 1747-1751 (338)
Frame No: EU06-04c
Caption: 1750-1774
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-18.jpg; for political boundaries,
Text Box
In Madrid, thousands protest against government reforms and the
price of bread (1766). In 1767, serfs in the region of Austrian Silesia
demanded the conversion of labor services into money payments.
Bohemian serfs demand the abolition of labor services (1774).
use 1700big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Esquilache Revolt, 1766 (345);
Bohemian Peasants Revolt, 1774-1775 (351)
Frame No: EU06-04d
Caption: 1775-1789

Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-19.jpg; for political boundaries,

Text Box
The Flour War in the Parisian basina wave of protests against
grain priceswas the first major upheaval in France in seventy
years. The Dutch Patriot movement strove to democratize
government there. In the summer of 1789, the French countryside
use 1700big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Bohemian Peasants Revolt,
1774-1775 (351); The Flour War, 1775 (352); Rising in SchaumburgLippe 1784-1795 (358); Patriot Movement, 1780-1787 (361); The
Great Fear, 1789 (362); Brabant Revolution, 1789-1790 (363)
Frame No: EU06-04e
Caption: 1790-1800
Text Box
At home and abroad, the French Revolutions radical reforms of
society, politics, and culture provoke vigorous responses. In France,
resistance was concentrated in the west and southwhere once the
Croquants and Nu-Pieds had rebelled. Guerilla war against
French occupation fared in Catalonia, Flanders, Luxembourg,
Switzerland and Italy.
Use Map inventory number(s): EU06-20.jpg; for political boundaries,
use 1800big
Legend/key/instructions to artist
Please bubble the following rebellions, which you can locate by their
identifying number on the draft map: Saxon Peasants Revolt, 1790
(365); Anti-Seigneurial Insurrection, 1790 (366); Counter-Revolution,
1790-1792 (367, 374, 376, 378); The 1792 Rising (369); The Mainz
Revolution, 1792-1793 (370); Cardiganshire Protests, 1792-1813
(372); Catalan Guerilla War, 1793-1795 (375); Boerenkrijg, 1798
(379); Klepelkrich, 1798 (380); Hirtenhemdlikrieg, 1799 (382); Viva
Maria Rising, 1799 (384); Sanfedisti Uprising, 1799-1800 (385)