ENGLISH FOR VARIOUS INSTRUCTION

TEACHERS TALK

INDAH PUJI LESTARI

0203515036
ROMBEL 1 REGULER PPS

SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY

2016

School
Subject
Grade / Semester
Time allotment

: Elementary School
: Science (English for Science)
:V/I
: 2 x 35 minutes

Topic

: Understand kinds of skeletal system in the daily life.

a. Pre-teaching:
1) Salutation
T
: Good morning students?
S
: ............
T
: How are you today?
S
: ................
T
: Fine too, thanks for asking.
2) Checking students attendance
T
: Okay, before we start our activity today, its better for us to pray together. I
need someone to lead the pray now, who want to lead your friends in morning
S
T
S
T

pray?
: ............
: Okay thank you, what is your name?
: ...................
: Ok ..........., please lead the morning pray.

: ........................

: Ok............ thank you. For next meeting, please the girl in the front row lead
the morning pray, whats your name?

: .......................

: Ok ............., the next will be your turn.

3) Checking attendance
T

: Okay now lets check to see who is here and when your name is calling, I
want you mention part of our body, so prepare your answer.

: ............

4) Asking questions relating to the material.

T
: Have you ever got an accident?
S
:................
T
: Okay do you know what thing can make our bone broken?
S
: ....................
T
: Well it can be. We know there are so many causes that make bones broken; in
addition, aging has also influence the strength of bones.

1) Teacher explains the learning objectives that teacher wants to accomplish in teaching.
T

: Today we are going to learn about bones, I hope after this lesson you can
make comparisons why long bones break more easily than short bones in
experiment form, for your health.

: ..................

b. Whilst-teaching:
1) Exploration
a) Teacher delivers an open question about skeletal system.
T
: Students, have you ever paid attention about skeletal system?
S
: .....................
T
: And can you explain it?
S
: ...................
T
: Good answer, and how many bone tissue?
S
: .........................
T
: Excellentthere are two bone tissues.
b) Teacher delivers an open question about long bones and short bones
T
: Do you know irregular bone?
S
: ...................
T
: Yes, you right. Irregular bones are primarily spongy bone that covered with a
thin layer of compact bone. The vertebrae and some of the bones in the skull are
irregular bones.

2) Elaboration
a) Teacher explains the material
T

: Good answer, Humans are vertebrates, animals having a vertebral column or

backbone. They rely on a sturdy internal frame that is centered on a
prominent spine. The human skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage,
ligaments and tendons and accounts for about 20 percent of the body weight.
Bones contain more calcium than any other organ. When blood calcium
levels decrease below normal, calcium is released from the bones so that,
there will be an adequate supply for metabolic needs. When blood calcium
levels are increased, the excess calcium is stored in the bone matrix. The
dynamic process of releasing and storing calcium goes on almost
continuously. Hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells, mostly takes place
in the red marrow of the bones. In infants, red marrow is found in the bone

cavities. With age, it is largely replaced by yellow marrow for fat storage. In
adults, red marrow is limited to the spongy bone in the skull, ribs, sternum,
clavicles, vertebrae and pelvis. Red marrow functions in the formation of red
blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets.

S
T

and how many bone tissue?

: .......................
: Excellentthere are two bone tissues. They are compact and spongy. The
names imply that the two types of differ in density, or how tightly the tissue is
packed together. There are three types of cells that contribute to bone
homeostasis. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cell, osteoclasts resorb or break
down bone, and osteocytes are mature bone cells. Equilibrium between

osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintains bone tissue.

(Show picture of Compact Bones and Spongy)
Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons or haversian systems. The
osteon consists of a central canal called the osteonic (haversian) canal, which
is surrounded by concentric rings (lamellae) of matrix. Between the rings of
matrix, the bone cells (osteocytes) are located in spaces called lacunae. Small
channels (canaliculi) radiate from the lacunae to the osteonic (haversian)
canal to provide passageways through the hard matrix. In compact bone, the
haversian systems are packed tightly together to form what appears to be a
solid mass. The osteonic canals contain blood vessels that are parallel to the
long axis of the bone. These blood vessels interconnect, by way of
perforating canals, with vessels on the surface of the bone.
Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone.
Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to
small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow. The canaliculi connect
to the adjacent cavities, instead of a central haversian canal, to receive their
blood supply. It may appear that the trabeculae are arranged in a haphazard
manner, but they are organized to provide maximum strength similar to
braces that are used to support a building. The trabeculae of spongy bone
follow the lines of stress and can realign if the direction of stress changes.
c) Teacher delivers an open question about long bones and short bones
T
: We already knew about what are skeletal system and the bone tissue.
Therefore, who can you mention kinds of bones?
S
: ......

: great. There are four kinds of bones. They are long bones, short bones,

irregular bones, and flat bones. So, what is long bone?

(show pictures of long bone)
S
: .....................
T
: correct. The bones of the body come in a variety of sizes and shapes. The
four principal types of bones are long, short, flat and irregular. Bones that are
longer than they are wide are called long bones. They consist of a long shaft
with two bulky ends or extremities. They are primarily compact bone but
may have a large amount of spongy bone at the ends or extremities. Long
bones include bones of the thigh, leg, arm, and forearm. Next, what is short
S

bones?
: ..............

: Very well. Short bones are roughly cube shaped with vertical and horizontal
dimensions approximately equal. They consist primarily of spongy bone,
which is covered by a thin layer of compact bone. Short bones include the
bones of the wrist and ankle. The next type is flat bone. Who can explain it
for us?

: ...........

: Good. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved. Most of the bones

of the cranium are flat bones. The last one, Irregular bones, what is it?
: .................

: Yes, you are right. Bones that are not in any of the above three categories
are classified as irregular bones. They are primarily spongy bone that is
covered with a thin layer of compact bone. The vertebrae and some of the
bones in the skull are irregular bones.
All bones have surface markings and characteristics that make a specific
bone unique. There are holes, depressions, smooth facets, lines, projections
and other markings. These usually represent passageways for vessels and
nerves, points of articulation with other bones or points of attachment for
tendons and ligaments.Students are invited to discuss the material in group
(jigsaw)

b) Students are invited to discuss the material in group (jigsaw)

T

: Okay, divide class become two groups.

(discussion in jigsaw method. The expert discuss choosen by song which is
sang by person in each group. They sing B I N G O all of the students in
turns. Whos got the G letter, he/she become expert discuss. Then they
explain the material to other group, all the experts discuss, then go back to
their group)

3) Confirmation
a) Students are requested to compose long bone and short bone based on data given by
the experts in jigsaw method.
T
: Okay class, after all the argument, now you have to make an summary
S
T

based on argument at least 5 paragraphs.

: ............
: Ok fine, you have to make 5 paragraphs, have you understood about

explanation given by each expert?

: .................

b) Teacher helps student to solve their problem.

T
: Any question?
S
: .....................
c. Post-teaching
a) Teacher and students conclude the meeting
T
: Okay everybody what did we learn today?
S
: (Give an argument about a topic and making summary and hypothesis based
T
S

on data maam)
: Good and what we talking about?
:....

b) Teacher opens a question-answer session

T
: Any questions?
S
:...
c) Teacher gives a slight description about the subject matter for the next meeting
T
: Well, next meeting we will learn something interesting, all of you have to
prepare secret words at least five words about fracture and patch it in chopstick. You
may not tell your friends. Is it clear?
S
: .....
4) Teacher gives assignment.

: Now I will give you an assignmentplease make a hypothesis about kinds

of fracture and read it in front the class.

: ......

5) Closing
T
: Thats all for today, dont forget about your assignment and submit it on time,
S

and see you next Monday.

: .....