Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
GLASGOW 2011
British Academy
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XIV th INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS
GLASGOW 2009
I
CONTENTS
Preface
Editors note
18
19
Inaugural lecture
A foreigners view of the coinage of Scotland, by Nicholas MAYHEW
23
Antiquity: Greek
I Delfini (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO
35
42
48
Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by Rachel
BARKAY
52
58
67
Not only art! The period of the signing masters and historical iconography,
by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO
73
81
89
97
105
114
123
CONTENTS
131
The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by
Dimitar DRAGANOV
140
The royal archer and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in the
Seleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT
163
170
178
184
189
199
203
213
Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN
230
237
246
251
The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by
Constantine LAGOS
259
265
CONTENTS
269
280
285
293
Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend , by Lucian
MUNTEANU
304
310
The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA
319
Le trsor des monnaies perses dor trouv Argamum / Orgam (Jurilovca, dp.
de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMACHI & V. IONI
331
337
350
357
365
The coin finds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC third
century AD, by Ziad SAWAYA
376
382
Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by Lavinia
SOLE
393
405
CONTENTS
417
427
436
Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Grtyn, by
Burkhard TRAEGER
441
447
461
473
487
The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by Franck
WOJAN
497
500
Antiquity: Roman
The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN
509
514
The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin finds from Kalkriese, by Frank
BERGER
527
Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. first fourth century AD, by Line BJERG
533
The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of
present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORI-BREKOVI
538
CONTENTS
Die Mnzprgung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus
(161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER
545
557
569
576
580
592
Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during the
Tetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEN-REINA, F.J.
FORTES, L.M. CABALN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA
595
605
613
621
629
635
Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in the
Flavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS
645
657
662
CONTENTS
668
New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCABELLIDO
676
686
696
709
Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius:
iconological considerations with special reference to the emperors
correspondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jrgen HAMER
715
The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrians eastern silver coinages, by F.
HAYMANN
720
726
732
742
749
757
765
772
The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH
780
785
CONTENTS
794
800
809
816
822
828
839
846
856
864
Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Stdte des Ostens: ein Projekt der
Kommission fr alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLL
872
878
888
893
901
Could the unofficial mint called Atelier II be identified with the officinae of
Chteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON
906
CONTENTS
911
916
926
933
941
A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo
della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI
954
964
973
Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the finds from the Basilica Hilariana,
by Alessia ROVELLI
983
991
999
1004
1013
1019
1020
1025
CONTENTS
1037
The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica in
the second and first centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD
1045
1056
Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors Greek imperial
issues, by Yannis STOYAS
1067
1073
1082
Gold and silver first tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. Scott
VANHORN
1092
Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., by
Daniela WILLIAMS
1103
Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA
1115
Antiquity: Celtic
La moneda ibrica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior: consideraciones sobre
su cronologa y funcin, by Marta CAMPO
1135
1142
1148
1155
Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armua de
Tajua, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLS
1165
1173
10
CONTENTS
1182
1191
1198
New coin finds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany)
and Rheinau (Switzerland) a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?,
by Michael NICK
1207
1218
Antiquity: general
La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. ARVALO
GONZLEZ
1231
Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Mnzen und Gemmen,
by Angela BERTHOLD
1240
Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by Alessandra
BOTTARI
1247
Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches to
reading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL
1254
1261
Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum,
by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI
1266
Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG
project, by Marici Martins MAGALHES
1278
1292
The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by
Isabelle A. PAFFORD
1303
Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at the
Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER
1310
CONTENTS
11
1323
1334
Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the orum Museum, by D. zlem
YALCIN
1344
1355
1360
1372
1382
1392
1401
1408
1411
Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE
1418
1426
1431
1436
1441
12
CONTENTS
1452
1458
1464
Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 10001250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON
1470
1477
1492
Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & Marcin
WOOSZYN
1500
Die frheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Mnze?, by Ivar
LEIMUS
1509
Coinage and money in the years of insecurity: the case of late Byzantine
Chalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS
1517
1535
The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and its
implications, by Michael MATZKE
1542
1552
1557
1564
1570
CONTENTS
13
1580
1591
The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fifth and sixth centuries in
Klapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav EPAROVI
1597
1605
1614
1620
1625
1633
1640
1649
1664
1671
1679
The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST
1687
1693
14
CONTENTS
1704
1713
1719
1725
1734
1744
1748
Representaciones del caf en el acervo de numismtica del Museu Paulista USP, by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO
1752
Freiburg im echtland und die Mnzreformen der franzsischen Knige (16891726), by Nicole SCHACHER
1758
1765
1774
The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins from
Jchymov (Joachimsthal) in the first half of the sixteenth century, by Petr
VOREL
1778
The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to the
English Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV
1783
1789
1796
CONTENTS
15
1807
1813
1821
1826
Numismatic research in Japan today: coins, paper monies and patterns of usage.
Paper money in early modern Japan: economic and folkloristic aspects, by
Keiichiro KATO
1832
1841
A study of medieval Chinese coins from Karur and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, by
KRISHNAMURTHY RAMASUBBAIYER
1847
1852
Silver fragments of unique Byid and amdnid coins and their role in the Kel
hoard (Czech Republic), by Vlastimil NOVK
1862
Numismatic evidence for the location of Saray, the capital of the Golden Horde,
by A.V. PACHKALOV
1869
Le regard des voyageurs sur les monnaies africaines du XVIe au XIXe sicles, by
Josette RIVALLAIN
1874
Les imitations des dirhems carrs almohades: apport des analyses lmentaires,
by A. TEBOULBI, M. BOMPAIRE & M. BLET-LEMARQUAND
1884
1890
Glass jetons from Sicily: new find evidence from the excavations at Monte Iato,
by Christian WEISS
1897
Medals
Joseph Kowarzik (1860-1911): ein Medailleur der Jahrhundertwende, by
Kathleen ADLER
1907
16
CONTENTS
1920
1931
1937
1945
The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by Jan
PELSDONK
1959
1965
Shines with unblemished honour: some thoughts on an early nineteenthcentury medal, by Tuukka TALVIO
1978
General numismatics
Dalliconografia delle monete antiche allideologia della nazione future.
Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di DAnnunzio sulla nuova monetazione
Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO
1985
1993
The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by Franois de
CALLATA
1999
2004
2012
2017
A prosopography of the mint officials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by
Luca GIANAZZA
2022
2027
CONTENTS
17
2036
2044
Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public,
by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU
2046
2047
2058
2072
2082
2089
2100
From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia
presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI
2102
Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides
Collection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by
Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU
2112
Index of Contributors
2118
829
Fig. 2.
Under the layer resulting from the collapse of the buildings roof, on the outer side of one of
the porch walls (Fig. 2 and Plate Ia), 39 minted coins were found (Plate Ib), along with three aes
rude and two fragments of aes signatum,5 of which one with the bull type (Plate II, a-b).6 Such
coins, weighing 285.56 g. altogether,7 were also associated with commercial amphorae and sparse
kitchenware.8 Such evidence has allowed us to rule out that the building was meant for residential
purposes, while a public function is more plausible.
As regards the latter group of those coins, the dating of which falls within a coherent chronological span, it has been suggested that they belong to an original nucleus, in a secondary context;9
they were probably dispersed when the fire broke out.10 As the excavation proceeded, all the items
were positioned on the plan and their depth recorded (Plate III). In particular, the contemporary
presence of coins and of aes signatum is remarkable.11
5
Such a conventional definition, quoted in inverted commas, is here
used for convenience; it is of course a modern declination: cf. Crawford
2002, p. 271.
6
Hoards including this type of aes signatumare: RRCH p. 42 n.
3 (Citt di Castello); RRCH p. 43 n. 10 (Vulci) cf. Thomsen III p. 209;
RRCH p. 46, n. 16 (La Bruna).
7
Equal to the weight of a light libral as.
8
Fenelli / Guaitoli 1990, pp. 188-89.
9
Kent 19882, p. 205: these are floor-dispersed hoards that had
previously been hidden in upper structures and are now lost.
10
Fennelli / Guaitoli 1990, p. 188.
11
Among these, we can possibly consider the hoard of Ardea, that
included: some large rectangular pieces of bronze that were lost shortly
after they were found; cf. Vitale 1998, pp. 244-45. The other contexts close
at a later time: Cosa, eadem, pp. 221-22; Vicarello e Tivoli, eadem, pp. 22528 and pp. 239-41; Lucus Feroniae, eadem, pp. 230-31.
830
AES RUDE
4th-3rd century BC
1. 22.82 g, inv. n. 854244
2. 17.32 g, inv. n. 854204
3. 5.50 g, inv. n. 854214
AES SIGNATUM
Rome
280-255 BC
O/ Bull r.;
R/ Bull l.;
RRC 14.7; Burnett 1987, p. 4
4. 48.32 g, fragm.
O/ill.;
R/ill.;
5. 10.29 g, fragm.; inv. n. 854243
Aesernia or Compulteria
260-240 BC
O/ Head of Apollo l., laureate; at r.: oval shield;
R/ Man-faced bull r.; above, Victory flying r.;
HN 431 or 437; for the dating of Aesernia see Burnett / Crawford 1998, pp. 55-56.
6. 6.24 g, 21 mm, IX; inv. n. 854233
7. 4,88 g, 17 mm, V; inv. n. 854240
Compulteria or Suessa or Neapolis
260-240 BC
D/ Head of Apollo l., laureate;
R/ Man-faced bull r.; above, Victory flying r.; below ;
HN 437 or 450 or 589 or 590; for the dating of I see Burnett / Crawford 1998, pp. 55-56.
8. 5.15 g, 20 mm, VI; inv. n.854237
O/ at r.: O;
R/ in exergue: [S]VESAN[O];
10. 5.85 g, 21 mm, VII; inv. n. 854217
O/ at l.: SVE[SANO];
11. 5.60 g, 19 mm, VI; inv. n. 854230
O/ at l: [SVE]S[ANO];
12. 5.20 g, 17 mm, IV; inv. n. 854239
O/ at l.: SV[ESANO];
13. 5.02 g, 20 mm, XII; inv. n. 854206
R/ in exergue: SVE[SANO]
14. 4.15 g, 18 mm, III; inv. n. 854236
O/ at r.: O;
R/ in exergue: [SV]ESAN[O];
Neapolis
326-310 BC
O/Head of Apollo r., laureate;
R/ []
Forepart of man-faced bull, r.; on shoulder star of eight rays;
Taliercio 1986, I c; HN 569.
15. 5.52 g, 16 mm, VII; inv. n. 854208
300-270 BC
O/Male head l.;
831
832
R/[]-; tripod;
Taliercio 1986, II b; HN 583.
16. 1.97 g, 14 mm; XI; inv. n. 854226
270-250 BC
O/ [ ] []; at r.: O; Head of Apollo l., laureate;
R/ Man-faced bull r.; crowned by Victory; below: ;
Taliercio 1986, III a; HN 589
17. 3.35 g, 20 mm, III; inv. n. 854241
250-225 BC
O/Head of Apollo l., laureate
R/ [] ; Man-faced bull r., crowned by Victory;
Taliercio 1986, IV d; HN 595
18. 4.06 g, 20 mm; IX; inv. n. 854232
Uncertain mint: Samnium, South Latium and Northern Campania
270-250 BC
O/Head of Apollo l., laureate
R/ Man-faced bull r.; crowned by Victory;
19. 6.30 g, 20 mm; VI; inv. n. 854242
O/ at r.: O;
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
833
Messana
264-241 BC
D/ H. of Zeus left; in front: [];
R/ Eagle l. standing on thunderbolt; at l.: [--]I;
Srstrm 1940, pp. 70-3; for its dating see Caccamo Caltabiano 1992, pp. 14-15
44. 3.89 g, 17mm, VI; inv. n. 854238
The overall state of wear of the coins is mediocre. A certain number of them show a noticeable
degree of wear, like the bronzes of uncertain mint, while some others show a perceivable degree
of alteration, as in the case of the bronzes of Suessa, Aesernia or Compulteria. When the destruction of the building took place, such bronze coins had probably been just minted, although they
appear to have suffered damage from the fires heat. The most recent piece seems to be a bronze
from Neapolis belonging to the IV phase, that Taliercio dates after 250 BC, while Rutter places it
between 250 and 225 BC.
Considering the location of Lavinium and the occurrence of bronze coins minted in the second quarter of and in the mid third century BC, the complete lack of Roman struck coins with
the exception of two fragments of aes signatum is a quite remarkable feature. Of particular
significance is the lack of the type HN 276-277, that is frequently associated with the heavy libral
aes grave, and therefore dated before the end of the Pyrrhic War13 or shortly after.14 This aspect
might appear even more surprising considering the occurrence, in our context, of two coins of the
early Neapolitan series that Taliercio15 and Vitale16 relate to the Roman bronze coins with the lion.
However, these are primarily attested in votive contexts;17 such circumstance may well account
for its not being attested.18 Even more surprising is the lack of the type with RRC 17, or HN 278,
found in other areas of ancient Lavinium.19 That series has generally been dated, at the latest, at the
Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, p. 220; HN p. 71.
Crawford 1985 p. 38 (app. 9).
14
Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, p. 125 justifies this issue as an exceptional
reward granted at the end of the war.
15
Eadem p. 81, note 193. It has to be pointed out, however, that all the
contexts the author quotes do close with much later coins ( Vitale 1998
pp. 246-47) or are uncertain ( eadem, p. 264: dallhumus) or constitute a
fortuitous gathering (accumulo casuale: eadem pp. 221-22) or have been
jumbled (eadem pp. 225-28).
16
Vitale 2001, p. 115, note 93, with quotations related; also this case
does not present contexts the closing of which is unquestionably certain.
On the contrary, it is remarkable that the only two known hoards containing
RRC 16, that can be dated to the age of Pyrrhus and within the First Punic
12
13
War (Ardea with 17 pieces and Pietrabbondante see ultra), do not include
coins of Neapolis of the first and second phases which, although hardly
attested outside Campania, are present at Lavinium.
17
Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, p. 81.
18
Pratica yielded at least two pieces with the lion: cf. Vitale 1998, pp.
245-46.
19
Cf. ibidem and p. 316: with six examples. Whether such a lack could
be explained accepting the hypothesis of a production in a different
context from that of the mint of Rome, as in Marchetti 1993, p. 44,
note 79, who indicates Capua as a seat, the presence of all the other
Samnite-Campanian mints and the lack of Roman bronzes would appear
disconcerting. It appears more likely that this gap has to be put down to a
chronological problem.
834
end of the Pyrrhic war20 or shortly before 269 B.C.,21 if not ten years later.22
Our small hoard shows some affinity with that of Pietrabbondante. As documented by A. Bur23
nett , such a hoard includes Samnite-Campanian coins and Neapolitan bronzes of the third phase
with the monogram , that are likely to have been struck at least until 250 BC,24 and no RomanoCampanian of the RRC 17 series. In much the same way (and with even more emphasis owing to
the vicinity of Rome and its more recent composition), the Pratica hoard could provide additional
evidence about the fact that, when the building of Lavinium was razed during the first Punic War,
not all the series with the inscription ROMANO had been struck yet, or that they were not systematically circulating anyway.
TABLE 1. Piettrabbondate hoard.
Roma
Aesernia
HN 270 (trientes)
HN 271 (quadrantes)
HN 272 (sextans)
HN 276 (lion)
HN 294 (semunciae)
10
Aquinum
Cales
Teanum
Nola
Neapolis
Suessa
17
69
Isdem 1977, pp. 110-11; Burnett / Crawford 1998, pp. 55-56; Burnett
2006, p. 41.
24
Burnett / Crawford 1998, p. 56, also recall another overstriking on a
piece of Hieron II that might have arrived in Italy after the outbreak of the
First Punic War.
23
835
(1 HN 257)
Aesernia o Compulteria
HN 431 o 437
Suessa
HN 450
Neapolis
HN 569
HN 583
HN 589
HN 595
25
Srstrm 1940, pp. 70-3
In particular, when the two hoards are compared (Tables 1-2), some similarities in their composition can be observed. First of all, HN 590 and HN 450 are the only common series. At Pietrabbondante, the coins of the third series of Neapolis seem to present a different state of wear. Some
of them seem to be worn out, while others, namely those produced by overstriking on the earliest
Campanian issues,25 seem to be in a better state, thus indicating that the interment must have happened not much later than the overstriking. This can therefore be dated after 263 BC, between
260 and 250 BC.26 Finally, one should point out that, as in the deposit of the Samnium area, in the
Latium deposit the series of Suessa HN 450 also appear to be little used and numerous,27 consequently the most recent.28
Therefore, our hoard could be of the same period as that of Pietrabbondante or maybe slightly
later, if the item from Neapolis with inscription Neapolitn on the reverse does actually belong to
the fourth series of Neapolis/29 Should this assumption be true, the lack of the type with the horse
head could once more reinforce Burnetts hypothesis based on the little hoard of Pietrabbondante;
so the issue of such pieces should fall around 255-250 BC, considering that, at the beginning of
the fourth series of Neapolis, the piece itself had probably not been struck yet. Therefore, RRC 17
should not be related to the building of the fleet of 260 BC30 but, perhaps, to the supplies allocated
during the following ten years.
If the reconstruction here proposed is correct, the hoard of Teano (Table 3), found in a landslip, that likewise includes the earliest issues and the third series of Neapolis, but also presents as
Vitale 1998, p. 262; Pantuliano 2005, p. 361.
Burnett / Crawford 2002, pp. 55-56.
27
Gabrici 1900, p. 654. However, in the case of Pietrabbondante all the
series are represented.
28
As to the silver, it has been also supposed, on the grounds of the hoard
of San Martino in Pensilis, that the series of Suessa, Teanum and Cales
are slightly later than the Neapolitan issues with : cf. Burnett 2006, pp.
42-43.
25
26
29
Although the symbols on the piece cannot be read, the weight of 4.06
grams confirms such an hypothesis. The weight is close to that observed by
Taliercio for the series IVd (HN 595) in which, in at least two examples,
the value of 3.98 g and 5 g is recorded, with an average weight of 2.43
grams and a diameter of about 12-16 mm, that falls close to the example
examined here, that is 20 mm. On the contrary the series Neapolis IIIb or
HN 590 presents a weight of 1.89 g and a diameter of 10-13 mm.
30
Crawford 1985, p. 39.
836
many as two Roman bronze coins with Athena / horse head, should be considered, at the time of
its deposition, even more recent than that of Pratica.31
TABLE 3. Teano hoard.
Roma
HN 278
Minerva / Head of horse
RRC 26/4*
2+1?
Cales
HN 436
Apollo / Man-faced bull
Teanum
HN 455
Apollo / Man-faced bull
and Victory
HN 456
Mercury / Man-faced bull
HN 567-570
Apollo /
Forepart of man-faced bull
32
HN 581
triobol
HN 589-590
Neapolis
HN 657,
Obol
Posidonia
HN 1171
31
Cantilena 1997, p. 257, who instead dates this hoard to 270 BC, also
on the grounds of the pottery container. It must be noted, however, that
according to Vitale 1998, p. 268, note 89, a bronze RRC 26/4 is also
attested.
837
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Burnett, A. (1977), The coinages of Rome and the Magna Graecia in the late fourth and third
centuries BC, SNR 56, pp. 92-121.
Burnett, A. (1989), The beginning of Roman coinage, AIIN 36, pp. 33-64.
Burnett, A. (1998), South Italian coinage in the early third century, in: Atti del X Convegno del
Centro Internazionale di studi Numismatici Napoli 18-19 giugno 1993, Roma, pp. 13-47.
Burnett, A. (2006), Reflections on the San Martino in Pensilis Hoard, RN 162, pp. 37-50.
Burnett, A. / Crawford, M. (1998), Overstrikes at Neapolis and coinage at Poseidonia-Paestum,
in: Ashton, R. / Hurter, S. / Le Rider, G. / Bland, R. (eds.), Studies in Numismatic Method in
Memory of Martin Jessop Price, London, pp. 55-57.
Caccamo Caltabiano, M. (1992), Fonti Numismatiche, in: Nenci, G. / Vallet, G. (a cura di),
Bibliografia Topografica della Colonizzazione Greca in Italia e nelle Isole Tirreniche, MessinaMonte Sannace 10, Pisa-Roma, pp. 12-16.
Cantilena, R. (2000), La monetazione di un centro campano alleato di Roma,Riflessioni su Teanum, in: Kluge, B. / Weisser, R. (eds.), XII Internationaler Numismatischer Kongress Berlin
1997, Akten,
Crawford, M.H. (1985), Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic, Cambridge.
Crawford, M.H. (2002), Provenances, attributions and chronology of some early
Italian coinages, Coin Hoards IX, London, pp. 269-74.
Fenelli, M. / Guaitoli, M. (1990), Nuovi dati degli scavi di Lavinium, QuadAEI 19, pp. 182-93.
Gabrici, E. (1900), Pietrabbondante. Ripostiglio di monete di bronzo antiche della Campania,
proveniente dal territorio di Bovianum Vetus, NSA 1900, pp. 645- 56.
HN3 = Rutter, N.K. et al. (2001), Historia Numorum. Italy, London.
Kent, J.P.C. (19882), Interpreting coin finds, in: Casey, J. / Reece, R. (eds.), Coins and the Archaeologist, 2nd. edn., London, pp. 201-17.
Marchetti, P. (1993), Numismatique romaine et histoire, in: Cahiers du Centre G. Glotz IV , pp. 25-65.
Pantuliano, S. (2005), La monetazione della colonia latina di Cales, in: Alfaro, C. / Marcos, C.
/ Otero, P. (eds.), XIII Congreso International de Numismtica, Madrid- 2003, Actas, I, Madrid,
pp. 357-67.
Parise, N. (2000), La nascita della moneta. segni premonetari e forme arcaiche dello scambio, Roma.
Piccarreta, F. (1975), Monete in: Castagnoli, F. et al. (a cura di), Lavinium, II, Le tredici are,
Roma, pp. 445-48.
RRC = Crawford, M. (1974), Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge.
838