Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
ON
Submitted to
Marwadi Education Foundations Group of Institutions
In partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award for the degree of
Master of Business Administration
Under
Gujarat Technological University
Under the guidance of
Faculty Guide
Prof. Anupama Dave
Submitted by:
MANALI BHAVASR
Enrolment No.: 128260592002
RIDDHIBA CHUDASAMA
Enrolment No.: 128260592008
MBA Semester III and IV
Marwadi Education Foundations Group of Institutions
MBA Program
Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University
Ahmedabad
STUDENT DECLARATION
Place: Rajkot
Date:
Student Signature
PREFACE
The institutional banking is a very wide area of management. We have tried to cover
impact of NPA on Profitability area of 12 private sector bank in India .
We have tried to fulfill all the requirements to prepare this report, suggestions from
the guide, colleagues, etc.
It gives us immense pleasure to present this project report. It is of great opportunity
for management students to acquire knowledge about impact of NPA on private
sector bank.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are thankful to all those whose works, ideas have been useful in writing this
report; we wish to express my sincere appreciation.
First of all we would like to pay my gratitude to our Dean Dr. CHINNAM REDDY SIR.
We also convey my gratitude to ANUPAMA DAVE, who helped and guided me in
the preparation of the project report and also the other faculties of MARWADI
EDUCATION FOUNDATION GROUP OF INSTITUTE.
DATE
Place: RAJKOT
PART-1
INTRODUCTION
It's a known fact that the banks and financial institutions in India face the problem of
swelling non-performing assets (NPAs) and the issue is becoming more and more
unmanageable. In order to bring the situation under control, some steps have been
taken recently. The Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and
Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 was passed by Parliament, which is an
important step towards elimination or reduction of NPAs.
MEANING OF NPAs:
An asset is classified as non-performing asset (NPAs) if dues in the form of principal
and interest are not paid by the borrower for a period of 180 days. However with
effect from March 2004, default status would be given to a borrower if dues are not
paid for 90 days. If any advance or credit facilities granted by bank to a borrower
become non-performing, then the bank will have to treat all the advances/credit
facilities granted to that borrower as non-performing without having any regard to the
fact that there may still exist certain advances / credit facility.
NPA IN INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM:
NPA surfaced suddenly in the Indian banking scenario, around the Eighties, in the
midst of turbulent structural changes overtaking the international banking institutions,
and when the global financial markets were undergoing sweeping changes. In fact
after it had emerged the problem of NPA kept hidden and gradually swelling
unnoticed and unperceived, in the maze of defective accounting standards that still
continued with Indian Banks up to the Nineties and opaque Balance sheets.
In a dynamic world, it is true that new ideas and new concepts that emerge through
such changes caused by social evolution bring beneficial effects, but only after
levying a heavy initial toll. The process of quickly integrating new innovations in the
existing set-up leads to an immediate disorder and unsettled conditions. People are
not
accustomed to the new models. These new formations take time to configure,
and work smoothly. The old is cast away and the new is found difficult to adjust.
Marginal and sub-marginal operators are swept away by these convulsions. Banks
being sensitive institutions entrenched deeply in traditional beliefs and conventions
were unable to adjust themselves to the changes. They suffered easy victims to this
upheaval in the initial phase.
Consequently banks underwent this transition-syndrome and languished under
distress and banking crises surfaced in quick succession one following the other in
many countries. But when the banking industry in the global sphere came out of this
metamorphosis to re-adjust to the new order, they emerged revitalized and as more
vibrant and robust units. Deregulation in developed capitalist countries particularly in
Europe, witnessed a remarkable innovative growth in the banking industry, whether
measured in terms of deposit growth, credit growth, growth intermediation
instruments as well as in network.
During all these years the Indian Banking, whose environment was insulated from
the global context and was denominated by State controls of directed credit delivery,
regulated interest rates, and investment structure did not participate in this vibrant
banking revolution. Suffering the dearth of innovative spirit and choking under undue
regimentation, Indian banking was lacking objective and prudential systems of
business leading from early stagnation to eventual degeneration and reduced or
negative profitability. Continued political interference, the absence of competition and
total lack of scientific decision-making, led to consequences just the opposite of what
was happening in the western countries. Imperfect accounting standards and
opaque balance sheets served as tools for hiding the shortcomings and failing to
reveal the progressive deterioration and structural weakness of the country's banking
institutions to public view. This enabled the nationalized banks to continue to flourish
in a deceptive manifestation and false glitter, though stray symptoms of the brewing
ailment were discernable here and there.
The government hastily introduced the first phase of reforms in the financial and
banking sectors after the economic crisis of 1991. This was an effort to quickly
resurrect the health of the banking system and bridge the gap between Indian and
global banking development. Indian Banking, in particular PSBs suddenly woke up
to the realities of the situation and to face the burden of the surfeit of their woes.
Simultaneously major revolutionary transitions were taking place in other sectors of
the economy on account the ongoing economic reforms intended towards freeing the
Indian economy from government controls and linking it to market driven forces for a
quick integration with the global economy. Import restrictions were gradually freed.
Tariffs were brought down and quantitative controls were removed. The Indian
market was opened for free competition to the global players. The new economic
policy in turn revolutionalised the environment of the Indian industry and business
and put them to similar problems of new mixture Of opportunities and challenges. As
a result we witness today a scenario of banking, trade and industry in India, all
undergoing the convulsions of total reformation battling to kick off the decadence of
the past and to gain a new strength and vigor for effective links with the global
economy. Many are still languishing unable to get released from the old set-up, while
a few progressive corporate are making a niche for themselves in the global context.
During this decade the reforms have covered almost every segment of the financial
sector. In particular, it is the banking sector, which experienced major reforms. The
reforms have taken the Indian banking sector far away from the days of
nationalization. Increase in the number of banks due to the entry of new private and
foreign banks; increase in the transparency of the banks' balance sheets through the
introduction of prudential norms and norms of disclosure; increase in the role of the
market forces due to the deregulated interest rates, together with rapid
computerization and application of the benefits of information technology to banking
operations have all significantly affected the operational environment of the Indian
banking sector.
In the background of these complex changes when the problem of NPA was
belatedly recognized for the first time at its peak velocity during 1992-93, there was
resultant chaos and confusion. As the problem in large magnitude erupted suddenly
banks were unable to analyze and make a realistic or complete assessment of the
surmounting situation. It was not realized that the root of the problem of NPA was
centered elsewhere in multiple layers, as much outside the banking system, more
particularly in the transient economy of the country, as within. Banking is not a
compartmentalized and isolated sector delinked from the rest of the economy. As
has happened elsewhere in the world, a distressed national economy shifts a part of
its negative results to the banking industry. In short, banks are made ultimately to
expressed. Repeated correctional efforts were executed, but positive results were
evading. The problem was defying a solution.
The threat of NPA was being surveyed and summarized by RBI and Government of
India from a remote perception looking at a bird's-eye-view on the banking industry
as a whole delinked from the rest of the economy. RBI looks at the banking industry's
average on a macro basis, consolidating and tabulating the data submitted by
different institutions. It has collected extensive statistics about NPA in different
financial sectors like commercial banks, financial institutions, urban cooperatives,
NBFC etc. But still it is a distant view of one outside the system and not the felt view
of a suffering participant. Individual banks inherit different cultures and they finance
diverse sectors of the economy that do not possess identical attributes. There are
distinct diversities as among the 29 public sector banks themselves, between
different geographical regions and between different types of customers using bank
credit. There are three weak nationalized banks that have been identified. But there
are also correspondingly two better performing banks like Corporation and OBC.
There are also banks that have successfully contained NPA and brought it to single
digit like Syndicate (Gross NPA 7.87%) and Andhra (Gross NPA 6.13%). The
scenario is not so simple to be generalized for the industry as a whole to prescribe a
readymade package of a common solution for all banks and for all times.
Similarly NPA concerns of individual Banks summarized as a whole and expressed
as an average for the entire bank cannot convey a dependable picture. It is being
statistically stated that bank X or Y has 12% gross NPA. But if we look down further
within that Bank there are a few pockets possessing bulk segments of NPA ranging
50% to 70% gross , which should consequently convey that there should also be
several other segments with 3 to 5% or even NIL % NPA, averaging the bank's whole
Important fact-revealing information for each NPA account is the gap period between
the date, when the advance was originally made and the date of its becoming NPA. If
the gap is long, it is the case of a sunset industry. Things were all right earlier, but
economic variance in trade cycles or market sentiments have created the NPA.
Credit customers who are in NPA today, but for years were earlier rated as good
performers and creditworthy clients ranging within the top 50 or 100. Significant part
of the NPA is on account of clout banking or willfully given bad loans. Infant mortality
in credit is solely on account of human factors and absence of human integrity.
Credit to different sectors given by the PSBs in fact represents different products.
Advance to weaker sections below Rs.25000/- represents the actual social banking.
NPA in this sector forms 8 TO 10% of the gross amount. Advance to agriculture, SSI
and big industries each calls for different strategies in terms of credit assessment,
credit delivery, project implementation, and post advance supervision. NPA in
different sector is not caused by the same resultant factors. Containing quantum of
NPA is therefore to be programmed by a sector-wise strategy involving a role of the
actively engaged participants who can tell where the boot pinches in each case.
Business and industry has equal responsibility to accept accountability for
containment of NPA. Many of the present defaulters were once trusted and valued
customers of the banks. Why have they become unreliable now, or have they?
The credit portfolio of a nationalized bank also includes a number of low-risk and
risk-free segments, which cannot create NPA. Small personal loans against banks'
own deposits and other tangible and easily marketable securities pledged to the
bank and held in its custody are of this category. Such small loans are universally
given in almost all the branches and hence the aggregate constitutes a significant
figure. Then there is food credit given to FCI for food procurement and similar credits
given to major public Utilities and Public Sector Undertakings of the Central
Government. It is only the residual fragments of Bank credit that are exposed to
credit failures and reasons for NPA can be ascertained by scrutinizing this segment.
Secondly NPA is not a dilemma facing exclusively the Bankers. It is in fact an all
pervasive national scourge swaying the entire Indian economy. NPA is a sore throat
of the Indian economy as a whole. The banks are only the ultimate victims, where life
cycle of the virus is terminated.
Now, how does the Government suffer? What about the recurring loss of revenue by
way of taxes, excise to the government on account of closure of several lakhs of
erstwhile vibrant industrial units and inefficient usage of costly industrial
infrastructure erected with considerable investment by the nation? As per statistics
collected three years back there are over two and half million small industrial units
representing over 90 percent of the total number of industrial units. A majority of the
industrial work force finds employment here and the sector's contribution to industrial
output is substantial and is estimated at over 35 percent while its share of exports is
also valued to be around 40 percent. Out of the 2.5 million, about 10% of the small
industries are reported to be sick involving a bank credit outstanding around Rs.5000
to 6000 Crores, at that period. It may be even more now. These closed units
represent some thousands of displaced workers Previously enjoying gainful
employment. Each closed unit whether large, medium or small occupies costly
developed industrial land. Several items of machinery form security for the NPA
accounts should either be lying idle or junking out. In other words, large value of
land, machinery and money are locked up in industrial sickness. These are the
assets created that have turned unproductive and these represent the real physical
NPA, which indirectly are reflected in the financial statements of nationalized banks,
as the ultimate financiers of these assets. In the final analysis it represents instability
in industry. NPA represents the owes of the credit recipients, in turn transferred and
parked with the banks.
Recognizing NPA as a sore throat of the Indian economy, the field level participants
should first address themselves to find the solution. Why not representatives of
industries and commerce and that of the Indian Banks' Association come together
and candidly analyze and find an everlasting solution heralding the real spirit of
deregulation and decentralization of management in banking sector, and accepting
self-discipline and self-reliance? What are the deficiencies in credit delivery that
leads to its misuse, abuse or loss? How to check misuse and abuse at source? How
to deal with erring Corporate? In short, the functional staff of the Bank along with the
representatives of business and industry has to accept a candid introspection and
arrive at a code of discipline in any final solution. And preventive action to be
successful should start from the credit-recipient level and then extend to the bankers.
RBI and Government of India can positively facilitate the process by providing
enabling measures. Do not try to set right industry and banks, but help industry and
banks to set right themselves. The new tool of deregulated approach has to be
accepted in solving NPA.
of credit
Banks were compelled to give credit to even those sectors, which were not
considered to be very profitable, keeping in mind the federal policy.
People in the agricultural sector were hardly interested in returning the loans
as they were confident that the loans with the interest would be written off by
the successive governments.
The small scale industries also availed credit even though they were not sure
of performing to the extent of returning the loans.
Banks were also not in the position to press enough securities to cover the
loans in calls of timings.
Even if the assets were provided they proved to be substandard assets as the
values that could be realized were very low.
Free distribution done during loan mails (congress regime) also contributed
to the heavy increase in NPAs.
Lack of accountability of the officers, who sanctioned the loans led to a caste
whole approach by the officers recovering the loans.
Poor credit appraisal system, lack of vision while sanctioning credit limits.
Business
failure(
product,
marketing
etc.,),inefficient
management,
Willful
default,
siphoning
off
of
funds,
fraud,
misappropriation,
Deficiencies on the part of the banks like delay in release of limits and
delay in release of payments/subsidies by the government.
Operational definitions:
NPA: An asset is classified as non-performing asset (NPAs) if dues in the form of
principal and interest are not paid by the borrower for a period of 90 days.
Standard Assets: Such an asset is not a non-performing asset. In other words, it
carries not more than normal risk attached to the business.
Income Recognition: Income from Non Performing Assets should not recognize
on accrual basis but should be booked as income only when it is actually received.
Therefore interest should not be charged and taken into income account till the
account become standard asset.
Provision to be made
Over Due: Any amount due to the Bank under any credit facility is Over due if it is
not paid on the due date fixed by the Bank.
Out of Order: An account should be treated as out of order
ASSET CLASSIFICATION
Standard Assets:
Is one which does not disclose any problem and which does not carry more than
normal risks attached to the business.
Substandard Assets:
Which has remained NPA for a period of less than or equal to 12 months.
Doubtful Assets:
If it has remained NPA for a period exceeding 12 months.
Loss Assets:
A loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank.
20%
30%
BANK
PERCENTAGE
18%
Punjab
National 6%
Bank
Bank of Baroda
5%
ICICI Bank
5%
Bank of India
5%
Canara Bank
5%
HDFC Bank
4%
IDBI Bank
4%
Axis Bank
3%
Central
India
Others
Bank
of 3%
42%
42%
18% 6%
5%
5%
5%
5%
4% 4% 3% 3%
FIGURE 1:
Bank of Baroda
ICICI Bank
Bank of India
Canara Bank
HDFC Bank
IDBI Bank
Axis Bank
Others
SHEET/INVESTMENT
PERCENTAGE)
BANK
FY11
SBI
24.16%
PNB
25.15%
BOB
19.92%
Canara Bank
24.90%
BOI
24.45%
ICICI Bank
33.15%
HDFC Bank
25.5%
Axis Bank
29.66%`
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
FY
10.00%
FY
5.00%
0.00%
FIGURE 2:
[SOURCE: Annual reports, press releases, earning call transcripts and investor presentations
published by respective banks]
PRODUCTS PROFILE
The bank, 'The Kumbakonam Bank Limited' as it was then called was incorporated
as a limited company on 31st October, 1904. The first Memorandum of Association
It was founded in 1994. Its headquarter is in Mumbai. Their promoters include UTI
the largest and best financial institution in country. Their code and policies ensures
fair practices and fully transparency.
(http://www.axisbank.com/about-us/about-us.aspx)
The Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) was amongst the
first to receive an "in principle" approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set
up a bank in the private sector, as part of RBI"s liberalisation of the Indian Banking
Industry in 1994. The bank was incorporated in August 1994 in the name of "HDFC
Bank Limited", with its registered office in Mumbai, India. HDFC Bank commenced
operations as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995.
(http://www.hdfcbank.com/aboutus/general/default.htm)
IndusInd Bank derives its name and inspiration from the Indus Valley civilisation -a
culture described by National Geographic as 'one of the greatest of the ancient
world' combining a spirit of innovation with sound business and trade practices.
Mr. Srichand P. Hinduja, a leading Non-Resident Indian businessman and head of
the Hinduja Group, conceived the vision of IndusInd Bank -the first of the newgeneration private banks in India -and through collective contributions from the NRI
community towards India's economic and social development, brought our Bank into
being.
(http://www.indusind.com/indusind/wcms/en/home/top-links/about-us/our-profile/index.html)
It was founded in 1929 and its mission is To emerge as the most preferred bank in
the country in terms of brand, values, principles with core competence in fostering
customer aspirations, to build high quality assets leveraging on the strong and
vibrant technology platform in pursuit of excellence and customer delight and to
become a major contributor to the stable economic growth of the nation.
(http://www.southindianbank.com/content/viewContentLvl1.aspx?
LinkIdLvl2=5&LinkIdLvl3=67&linkId=67)
At Karnataka Bank, we understand that all customers are different in unique ways,
which is why, regardless of the size of your business or your aspirations, we treat
every one as individual and special. This means offering you choices, not only in
relation to our products and services but also in the way you interact with us. We
understand the changes in your lifestyle, recognize these changes and support you
with
high
standard
of
professionalism
and
service.
ING Vysya Bank Ltd is a premier private sector bank with retail, private and
wholesale banking platforms that serve over two million customers. With 80 years of
history in India and leveraging INGs global financial expertise, the bank offers a
broad range of innovative and established products and services, across its 527
branches. The bank, which has close to 10,000 employees, is also listed in Bombay
Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.
(http://www.ingvysyabank.com/personal-banking/ing-vysya/about-us/companyoverview.aspx)
Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd is a one stop shop for all banking needs. The bank offers
personal finance solutions of every kind from savings accounts to credit cards,
distribution of mutual funds to life insurance products. Kotak Mahindra Bank offers
transaction banking, operates lending verticals, manages IPOs and provides working
capital loans. Kotak has one of the largest and most respected Wealth Management
teams in India, providing the widest range of solutions to high net worth individuals,
entrepreneurs, business families and employed professionals.
(http://aboutus.kotak.com/kotak-mahindra-group/our-businesses.html)
Yes Bank is a private bank in India. It was founded by Ashok Kapur and Rana
Kapoor, with the duo holding a collective financial stake of 27.16%. Mr.Ashok Kapur
was killed in a terrorist attack in 2008 in Mumbai.
Headquarters: Mumbai, india
CEO: Rana Kapoor
(https://www.google.co.in/#q=yes+bank)
and
enterprising
entrepreneurs.Over
the 86 years
that
followed,
Dhanlaxmi Bank with its rich heritage has earned the trust and goodwill of clients. It
is due to our strong belief in the need to seek innovation, deliver best service and
demonstrate responsibility, that we have grown from strength to strength. Be it in the
number of customers, the scale of business, the breadth of our product offerings, the
banking experience we offer or the trust that people invest in us. With more
than 670 touch points across India at your service; our focus has always been on
customizing services and personalizing relations.
(http://www.dhanbank.com/aboutus/about_us.aspx)
ICICI Bank is India's largest private sector bank with total assets of Rs. 5,367.95
billion (US$ 99 billion) at March 31, 2013 and profit after tax Rs. 83.25 billion (US$
1,533 million) for the year ended March 31, 2013. The Bank has a network of 3,529
branches and 11,063 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including
India.
(http://www.icicibank.com/aboutus/about-us.html)
The Lakshmi Vilas Bank Limited (LVB) was founded eight decades ago ( in 1926) by
seven people of Karur under the leadership of Shri V.S.N. Ramalinga Chettiar,
mainly to cater to the financial needs of varied customer segments. The bank was
incorporated on November 03, 1926 under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and
obtained the certificate to commence business on November 10, 1926, The Bank
obtained its license from RBI in June 1958 and in August 1958 it became a
Scheduled Commercial Bank.
(http://www.lvbank.com/aboutus.aspx)
PROFITABILITY
Mar09
Interest Spread
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
4.62
4.63
4.87
14.07
15.48
16.93
15.13
13.07
14.77
15.72
13.94
114.99
123.89
107.30
105.47
19.62
22.54
21.36
18.50
19.62
22.54
21.34
18.43
30.44
30.45
24.85
20.68
30.44
3.045
24.85
20.68
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
--
--
3.95
16.39
16.72
18.58
17.63
15.35
15.47
17.12
16.10
75.72
88.84
72.25
66.34
15.64
18.59
17.83
15.67
15.64
18.59
17.83
15.69
707.50
551.99
462.77
395.99
707.50
551.99
462.77
395.99
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/axisbank/ratios/AB16)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
--
--
5.89
17.60
17.55
18.23
16.71
16.04
15.88
16.18
14.76
80.09
75.20
59.91
56.08
18.57
17.26
15.47
13.70
18.57
17.26
15.47
13.68
152.20
127.52
545.46
470.19
152.20
127.52
545.46
470.19
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/hdfcbank/ratios/HDF01)
Interest Spread
--
5.34
6.42
6.07
4.97
13.59
13.76
14.90
13.03
7.97
12.71
12.59
13.43
10.63
5.29
83.03
107.43
81.10
110.36
147.69
13.92
17.79
15.12
16.19
10.39
13.92
17.77
15.90
17.76
12.53
145.78
96.50
81.95
52.71
40.21
145.78
101.19
86.79
58.35
46.85
Mar13
Mar12
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/indusindbank/ratios/IIB)
4.67
11.36
5.32
11.32
Mar12
Mar11
6.01
12.00
Mar
6.35
11.46
10.53
10.52
11.10
10.69
121.71
155.98
123.92
118.87
16.72
19.82
17.25
15.93
16.72
19.78
17.31
15.93
22.44
17.87
15.00
129.83
22.44
19.14
16.35
131.43
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/southindbk/ratios/SIB)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
Interest Spread
4.68
4.20
3.16
5.48
7.80
8.64
7.97
12.80
7.25
7.80
7.04
11.92
102.16
82.03
103.95
119.21
9.47
8.42
9.11
17.01
9.35
8.39
9.10
17.01
131.99
129.08
138.80
128.89
131.99
129.08
138.80
128.89
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/karnatakabank/ratios/KB04)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
3.97
3.99
5.01
11.88
11.16
10.54
9.91
10.96
10.08
9.56
8.48
85.08
85.21
85.63
79.93
13.25
11.77
12.65
10.10
13.25
11.75
12.05
10.90
298.73
258.10
208.14
185.04
298.73
265.00
216.75
194.05
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/ingvysyabank/ratios/ING)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Interest Spread
Mar
8.11
16.22
16.79
18.43
17.76
14.78
15.15
16.46
15.23
72.07
66.29
48.25
48.71
14.40
13.65
12.03
12.35
14.40
13.65
12.03
12.42
126.53
107.28
92.23
130.40
126.53
107.28
92.23
130.40
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/kotakmahindrabank/ratios/KMB)
Mar13
Interest Spread
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
4.53
3.60
3.21
14.15
14.25
16.31
17.35
13.61
13.66
15.56
16.30
137.76
131.35
102.46
74.73
22.39
20.89
19.16
15.46
22.39
20.92
19.17
15.48
161.94
132.49
109.29
90.96
161.94
132.49
109.29
90.96
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/yesbank/ratios/YB)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
4.20
4.03
3.26
2.36
-5.70
3.93
5.27
0.18
-7.56
2.49
3.73
141.55
141.36
80.56
95.83
0.35
-15.87
3.08
5.29
0.35
-16.02
3.02
5.13
85.82
85.54
99.21
68.64
85.82
85.54
99.21
68.64
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/dhanlaxmibank/ratios/DB01)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
--
--
5.66
17.26
15.85
17.27
13.64
17.19
15.75
15.79
12.17
56.37
52.33
43.05
44.72
12.48
10.70
9.35
7.79
12.48
10.70
9.35
7.53
578.21
524.01
478.31
463.01
578.21
524.01
478.31
463.01
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/icicibank/ratios/ICI02)
Mar13
Mar12
Mar11
Mar
--
4.31
4.96
5.36
5.97
7.83
10.18
4.74
4.67
6.41
8.49
3.04
143.94
144.92
101.50
94.17
9.02
12.17
12.45
4.14
9.02
12.17
12.44
4.13
103.99
90.14
83.23
75.79
103.99
98.27
91.51
75.79
(http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/lakshmivilasbank/ratios/LVB)
PART : 2
Literature review
A review of literature on profitability and performance of Indian banks has
thrown ample light on banks' status in the present economic scenario. Narang
et al (2011), Chaudhry (2012), and Uppal et al (2012) and many others have
examined Indian banking system in terms of their performance and
profitability he found that some banks achieved excellent performance with
regard to index of interest earned to total assets ratio.And made an analysis
of the performance of selected public and private banks in India on the basis
of parameters recommended in the CAMEL Model. Researchers have taken
This paper provides a critical review of the theoretical and empirical basis of
four central areas of financial ratio analysis. The research areas reviewed are
The first objective of this study was to determine and evaluate the effects of
bank-specific factors; Capital adequacy, Asset quality, liquidity, operational
cost efficiency and income diversification on the profitability of commercial
banks in Kenya. The second objective was to determine and evaluate the
effects
of
market
structure
factors;
foreign
ownership
and
market
A review of the literature brings to the fore insights into the determinants of
NPL across countries. A considered view is that banks lending policy could
into
three
indicators:
This study helps to analyze how NPA Causing Problems to Banking Sector
and what might be the solution to overcome from this problem and also its
impact on Profitability of New Profit Banks.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN :
Research Design of our report is Descriptive and
Analytical Research.
SOURCES OF DATA :
We have used Secondary data source in this report.
DATA COLLECTION METHOD:
Our data collection method in this report is
Judgment Sampling
POPULATIONS:
There are 12 private sector banks analyzed by us.
DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS:
Instruments of data collections are..
1 Google.com
2 www.rbi.org.in
3 Moneycontrol.com
4 Balance sheets
DATA ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION
4842
3967
3000
2000
1000
0
2009
540
2010
2011
2012
964
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this chart we can say that from year 2009 to 2013 the amount of NPA has
being decreased. So It is good for a bank. And also positive Impact on profitability.
AXIS BANK
YEAR
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
41900
40000
35000
30000
41035
32713
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2009
4726
2010
2011
2012
7041
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this chart we can say that from year 2009 to 2013 the amount of NPA has
being decreased. So it is positive Impact on profitability of bank.
HDFC BANK
YEAR
2009
0210
2011
2012
2013
29641
3523
4690
62762
50000
40000
39205
30000
29641
20000
10000
0
2009
3523
2010
2011
2012
4690
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this chart we can say that from year 2009 to 2013 the amount of NPA has
being decreased. The reason of decreasing NPA of bank we can say that
Proper pre-enquiry of bank for sanctioning a loan to a customer.
INDUSLAND BANK
YEAR
2009
0210
2011
2012
2013
1368
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this chart we can say that from year 2009 to 2012 the amount of NPA has
being decreased.And in 2013 NPA amoun has being increased.Here on this table the
reason of increment of NPA is one of the willful defaulter may be said.
13431
12000
NET NPA [RS.in
million]
10000
8000
6000
6157
6002
4000
2495
2000
0
2009
765
2010
2011
2012
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that the highest NPA amount is on year 2011.and less
amount is on 2012.The amount of NPA is going to fluctuate.
KARNATAKA BANK
YEAR
2009
0210
2011
2012
2013
28034
25000
20000
18861
15000
10000
11610
5000
0
2009
4352
2010
2011
2012
3778
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that from year 2009 to 2011 has being increased NPA.
And ten NPA has being started to decrease on year 2012 and 2013.Because of
Increasing in Interest rate in loan which has taken by borrower, it can be a reason to
increase NPA, in year 2009 to 2012.
22183
NET NPA [RS.in
million]
15000
10000
9179
5000
0
2009
2010
2011
525
2012
91
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that, the less amount of NPA is on year 2013 is 91
Million.
36025
30000
25000
21116
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2009
2374
2010
2011
2012
3114
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that the less amount of NPA is on year 2012 and the
highest amount of NPA is on year 2009.
YES BANK
YEAR
2009
0210
2011
2012
2013
2500
2000
1500
1000
1299
915
500
0
2009
2010
2011
175
2012
70
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that the reason of less amount of NPA on 2013 year is
efficient management of bank regarding its policy of loan also.
DHANLAXMI BANK
YEAR
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4194
4000
3500
3000
2500
2824
2677
2610
2000
1500
1000
580
500
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that the less amounts of NPA on year 2011 and 2012
are same and the highest would be on 2010 year.
ICICI BANK
YEAR
2009
0210
2011
2012
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that the highest amount of NPA on year 2009.The
reason behind that we can say that it may be recession in Economy also and as well
as price rice.
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
7288
6485
0
2009
1771
2010
2011
2012
2838
2013
INTERPRETATION:
Above this table we can say that, less amount on NPA is on 2012,and the highest
amount is on year 2010.
The p-value for each term tests the null hypothesis that the coefficient is equal to
zero (no effect). A low p-value (< 0.05) indicates that you can reject the null
hypothesis. In other words, a predictor that has a low p-value is likely to be a
meaningful addition to your model because changes in the predictor's value are
related to changes in the response variable.
Conversely, a larger (insignificant) p-value suggests that changes in the predictor are
not associated with changes in the response.
1. Interest spread
Coefficie
nts
Standa
rd
Error
t Stat
Pvalue
Interce
pt
Int
spread
18020.3
23787.68
1
1571.612 4209.97
1.3200
48
0.3733
07
0.1920
05
0.7102
81
Interpretation:
In the output above, we can see that the predictor variables of Interest spread is not
significant because of their p-values are 0.710281. However, the p-value for Interest
Spread (0.710281) is greater than the common alpha level of 0.05, which indicates
that it is not statistically significant.
Intercept
Adj Cash
margin
Coefficie Standard
nts
Error
12476.31 30131.791
59
6
1335.639 2248.4801
83
87
Interpretation:
t Stat
0.4140
58
0.5940
19
Pvalue
0.6803
59
0.5548
09
In the output above, we can see that the predictor variables of Adjusted Cash
margin is not significant because of their p-values are 0.554809 . However, the pvalue for Adjusted Cash margin (0.554809) is greater than the common alpha level
of 0.05, which indicates that it is not statistically significant.
18409.96
964.3496
1
Interpretation:
Standard
Error
26962.49
801
2207.510
039
t Stat
0.68279
88
0.43684
95
Pvalue
0.4974
52
0.6638
43
In the output above, we can see that the predictor variables of Net profit margin is
not significant because of their p-values are 0.663843. However, the p-value for Net
profit margin (0.663843) is greater than the common alpha level of 0.05, which
indicates that it is not statistically significant.
137026.84
Standard
Error
32383.669
19
-1131.541
325.06485
73
t Stat
4.2313
56
3.4809
7
Pvalue
8.37E05
0.0009
56
Interpretation:
In the output above, we can see that the predictor variables of Return on long term
fund is significant because of their p-values are 0.000956. However, the p-value for
Return on long term fund (0.000956) is less than the common alpha level of 0.05,
which indicates that it is statistically significant.
Intercept
Ret on
net worth
Coefficie
nts
64358.13
3
2612.604
5
Standard
Error
24727.23
209
1675.745
178
t Stat
2.6027
23
1.5590
7
Pvalue
0.0117
22
0.1244
2
Interpretation:
In the output above, we can see that the predictor variables of Return on net worth
is not significant because of their p-values are 0.12442. However, the p-value for
Return on net worth (0.12442) is greater than the common alpha level of 0.05, which
indicates that it is not statistically significant.
-6866.544335
Standar
d Error
t Stat
P-value
13970.2
6
0.4915
1
0.62492
Ret on
assets
revaluation
195.4748736
55.4634
6
3.5243
9
0.00083
6
Interpretation:
In the output above, we can see that the predictor variables of Return on assets
revaluation is significant because of their p-values are 0.000836. However, the pvalue for Return on assets revaluation (0.000836) is less than the common alpha
level of 0.05, which indicates that it is statistically significant.