Satumba, Krizia Pae R.

Anthropology
Anthrpos is the Greek word for human being, and the suffix -logymeans the study of.
Anthropology is the scientific study of the origins of humans, how we have changed over the years, and
how we relate to each other, both within our own culture and with people from other cultures.
Archaeology
Archaeology is the study of the ancient and recent human past through material remains. It is a subfield of
anthropology, the study of all human culture.
Culture
Culture is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be
the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation. A culture is a way of life of
a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking
about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.
Hinduism and Sikhism
Sikhism and Hinduism are both Indian religions. Hinduism is an ancient set of traditions that have
developed over several millennium, while Sikhism was founded in the 15th-century, during the Mughal
Empire era, by Guru Nanak Dev who was born and raised in a Hindu family.
Sikhism and Hinduism are distinct religions, but share many philosophical concepts such
as Karma, Dharma, Mukti, Maya and Samsra. In the days of Mughal oppression, in which Hindus were
being converted to Islam through oppression and force, Sikhism came to their defense against
the Mughals in India. The founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak, was the first to raise voice against the rule of
Islamic ruler Babur, the then ruler of India.
Similarities between Hinduism and Sikhism:

Sikhism believes in one god; though largely polytheistic, certain traditions within Hinduism may
be considered "monotheistic", referring to the highest God as Brahman

Both Hindus and Sikh are cremated after death

Both believe in reincarnation

Both believe in karma

while Sikhs learn from a guru, Hindus can learn from Hindu gurus, yogis, sages and saints.

Hindus and Sikhs use the word Atma or atman to describe the "Self, Soul".

Monotheism versus pluralism

Sikhism is a monotheistic religion; Sikhs believe there is only one God, who has infinite qualities
and names. Hinduism is a diverse system of thought with beliefs spanning monotheism,
polytheism, panentheism, pantheism, monism, agnosticism, deism and atheism.

Place of origin

Place of
worship

Practices

Religious Law

Life after death

About

Indian Subcontinent

Punjab, in an area which was partitioned into

modern-day Pakistan. Sikhs are now
predominant in Indian-Punjab.

Temple (Mandir)

Gurdwara for congregational worship.

Anyone may enter a Gurdwara, however-no
matter their faith, caste, or skin color.
Personal worship can be done in any place at
any time. God resides in everything and
everyone.

Meditation, yoga, contemplation, yagna

(communal worship), offerings in the
temple.

Daily prayers. The three pillars of Sikhism

are: a) To remember God at all times which
includes being thankful to God for what you
have been given, b) To live your life
honestly/with integrity and c) Sharing what
you have with those less fortunate.

Dharma shastras

No necessary laws but a sikh may follow the

3 rules of their life such as 1)Naam Japna
(remember/meditate on God) 2)Vand K
Shakhna (give to those who need it) 3)Kirat
Karna (earn by honest means).

A constant cycle of reincarnation until

enlightenment is reached.

A constant cycle of reincarnation until

enlightenment is reached. Sikhs believe that
there are 8,400,000 forms of life and that
many souls have to travel though a number
of these before they can reach Waheguru.
The goal is to merge with God.

Devotion to the various gods & goddesses

of Hinduism.

A Religion spread by 10 Gurus to preach to

worship one creator

Use of statues
and pictures

Common

Not allowed as considered Idolatry. Pictures

of the Sikh Gurus are considered Idolatry
and are not accepted from a religious
perspective. Gurus maybe praised because
they are equivalent to God.

Belief of God

Many gods, but realize that they all come

from Atman.

Monotheism

Means of
salvation

Reaching enlightenment by the Path of

Knowledge, the Path of devotion, or the
Path of Good Deeds.

Worship God, do Good Deeds in the name of

God, performing service for community.
Fight 5 evils (5 sins) - Greed, Ego,
Attachment, Anger, and Lust. Meditate, pray,
and improve your relationship with God and
God will forgive, cleanse, and save you.

Day of worship

Orthodox schools prescribe three prayer

times a day: at dawn, noon and dusk.

Every day Sikhs worship the one God at

their homes, even with or without a
Gurdwara service.

Clergy

No official clergy. Gurus, Yogis, Rishis,

Brahmins, Pundits, priests, priestesses,
monks, and nuns.

The Granthi is appointed as one take care of

Guru Granth Sahib besides No clergy. Raagi
who sings the Granth Sahib Baani in
Respective Raagas.

The word Hindu has geographical

significance and was used originally for
those people who lived beyond the river
Sindhu or the region watered by the river
Indus. Hindus themselves, call their
religion "Sanatana Dharma, " meaning
"Eternal Law."

Disciple, student or learner of God.

Principle

To follow dharma, i.e. eternal laws

The worship of the One God through prayer

and devotion. Sikhs are required to meditate
on God's name to clear their mind and
eliminate the 5 evils. Meditation is also used
to bring oneself closer to God.

Founder

Not credited to a particular founder.

Guru Nanak Dev Ji

To break the cycle of birth, death and

reincarnation, and attain salvation.

To merge with and have the greatest

relationship with God possible. To love and
obey God unconditionally. Guru Nanak Dev

Definition

Goal of religion

Ji stressed that we should not be afraid of

God's wrath, but instead be afraid of not
receiving the full benefits of God's love.
Human Nature

Literal
Meaning

Rites

Marriage

Original
Language(s)

View of other
Dharmic
religions

Confessing sins

Names of God

Followers

Depends on sects.

People are essentially good; the divine spark

within them needs only to be fanned into a
flame of goodness. Sinning is following the
veil of illusion "Maya". Karma is
unavoidably paid f you sin.

The followers of Vedas are called as

Arya, noble person. Arya is not a dynasty,
ethnicity or race. Anyone who follows the
teachings of Vedas is considered Arya.

Sikh means "Student" in Persian-Punjabi. It

Means To Learn.Sikh means a person who
learn all his life from others.

Some Hindus believe in a "thread

ceremony" for men.

Amrit Sanchar (Being Initiated into the

Khalsa. Equivalent tobaptism).

Man may marry one woman. However,

kings in mythology often married more
than one woman.

Marriage can be arranged or it can be a love

marriage. Monogamistic, against premarital
sex. Marriage is the merging of two souls as
one.

Sanskrit

Punjabi was the original language in

Sikhism and Persian also but Sikhs can learn
as many languages as they want to learn.

They believe that Buddhists, Jains, &

Sikhs should reunite with
Hinduism(which is the original Dharmic
religion).

Sikhs respect other Dharmic religions.

Repentance for unintentional sins are

prescribed, but intentional sins have to be
repaid through karmic consequences.

As the Divine light is in all of us, God

already knows of our "sins". We are to pray
to God for God to forgive us and cleanse us.
Only through God and doing Good Deeds in
God's name in a way that God is pleased can
we obtain salvation-escape from sin

Brahman

Waheguru, Ik Onkaar, Sat Nam, Akhal

Purakh.

Hindus.

Sikhs

Use of statues,
images

Common.

Forbidden.

Population

1 Billion.

30 million

circa 3000 B.C.E

1469 AD.

Women can become priestesses or nuns.

Sikhism teaches that men and women are

100% equal in the eyes of God. Women have
the exact same rights as men and are to be
respected and honored. God loves both
equally and neither is better than the other.

India, Nepal

Indian Punjab, hundreds of thousands in the

US, Canada, UK , Europe, Africa, Australia,
New Zealand and elsewhere.

Time of origin
Status of
women

Geographical
predominance

Politics
Politics (from Greek: politikos, definition "of, for, or relating to citizens") is the practice and
theory of influencing other people. Politics involves the making of a common decision for a group of
people, that is, a uniform decision applying in the same way to all members of the group. It also involves
the use of power by one person to affect the behavior of another person.
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are three aspects to this study: language form,
language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the description of language have
been attributed to Pn ini, who was an early student of linguistics (fl. 4th century BCE), with his analysis
of Sanskrit in Ashtadhyayi.
Ethnography
Ethnography is a collection of qualitative methods used in the social sciences that focus on the close
observation of social practices and interactions. These qualitative methods enable the researcher to
interpret and build theories about how and why a social process occurs.