Piping and instrumentation diagram

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Piping and instrumentation diagram of pump with storage tank. Symbols according to EN
ISO 10628 and EN 62424.
A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is a diagram in the process
industry which shows the piping of the process flow together with the installed equipment
and instrumentation.

Contents

1 Contents and function

2 List of P&ID items

3 Identification and reference designation

4 Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment

5 See also

6 External links

Contents and function

An example of a P&ID.
A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the Institute of
Instrumentation and Control as follows:
1. A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the
instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of
symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in
these drawings are generally based on International Society of Automation (ISA)
Standard S5. 1.
2. The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process control installation.
P&IDs play a significant role in the maintenance and modification of the process that it
describes. It is critical to demonstrate the physical sequence of equipment and systems, as
well as how these systems connect. During the design stage, the diagram also provides the
basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and
operational investigations, such as a Hazard and operability study commonly pronounced as
HAZOP.
For processing facilities, it is a pictorial representation of

Key piping and instrument details

Control and shutdown schemes

Safety and regulatory requirements

Basic start up and operational information

List of P&ID items

Instrumentation and designations

Mechanical equipment with names and numbers

All valves and their identifications

Process piping, sizes and identification

Miscellanea vents(lubang angin), drains(saluran), special fittings(pemasangan),

sampling lines, reducers, increasers and swaggers

Permanent start-up and flush(gejolak) lines

Flow directions

Interconnections references

Control inputs and outputs, interlocks

Interfaces for class changes

Computer control system input

Identification of components and subsystems delivered by

Identification and reference designation

Based on Standard ANSI(American National Stardart Industries)/ISA(International Stardart
American) S5.1 and ISO(International Standart Organization) 14617-6, the P&ID is used for
the identification of measurements within the process. The identifications consist of up to 5
letters. The first identification letter is for the measured value, the second is a modifier, 3rd
indicates passive/readout function, 4th - active/output function, and the 5th is the function
modifier.
Column 1
Column 2
Letter (Measured
(Modifier)
value)
A
Analysis
Burner,
B
combustion
User's choice
C
(usually
conductivity)
User's choice
D
Difference
(usually density)
E
Voltage
F
Flow rate
Ratio
User's choice
G
(usually
Gas
gaging/gauging)
H
Hand

Column 3
(Readout/passive
function)
Alarm

Column 4
Column 5
(Output/active (Function
function)
modifier)

User choice

User choice

User choice

Control

Close
Deviation

Sensor

Glass/gauge/viewing
High

I
J

Current
Power
Time, time
schedule
Level

User's choice

N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X

Indicate
Scan
Time rate of
change

Control station
Light

User's choice
User choice
User choice
(usually torque)
User's choice
Orifice
Pressure
Point/test connection
Quantity
Totalize/integrate Totalize/integrate
Radiation
Record
Speed,
Switch
frequency
Temperature
Transmit
Multivariable
Multifunction
Multifunction
Vibration,
Valve or
mechanical
damper
analysis
Weight, force
Well or probe
User's choice
Accessory devices,
(usually on-off X-axis
Unclassified
unclassified
valve as XV)
Auxiliary
Event, state,
Y-axis
Pembantu
presence
devices
Actuator
sebenarnya,
Position,
driver or
Z-axis or Safety
dimension
unclassified
final control
element

Low
Middle /
intermediate
User choice
Open

Run
Stop

Unclassified

For reference designation of any equipment in industrial systems the standard IEC 61346
(Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products Structuring
principles and reference designations) can be applied. For the function Measurement the
reference designator B is used, followed by the above listed letter for the measured variable.
For reference designation of any equipment in a power station the KKS Power Plant
Classification System can be applied.

Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment

Below are listed some symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment normally used in a
P&ID, according to ISO 10628 and ISO 14617.

Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment

Pipe

Thermally
insulatedPengiso
lasi pipe

Jacketed
pipe

Cooled or
heated
pipe

Jacketed
mixing
vessel
(autoclav
e)

Half pipe mixing

vessel balingbaling kapal

Pressuriz
ed
horizonta
l vessel

Pressuriz
ed
vertical
vessel

Pump

Vacuum pump or
compressor

Bag

Gas bottle

Fan

Axial fan kipas

Radial
fan

Dryer

Packed
column

Tray column

Furnace

Cooling
tower

Heat exchanger

Cooler

Plate &
frame
heat
exchange
r

Double
pipe heat
exchange
r

Fixed straight
tubes heat
exchanger

U shaped
tubes
heat
exchange
r

Spiral
heat
exchange
r

Covered
gas vent
lubang
angin

Curved gas vent

(Air)
filter

Funnel
corong

Viewing glass

Pressure
reducing
valve
katup

Flexible
pipe

Control valve

Manual
valve

Back
draft
damper

Heat
exchange
r

Steam
trap

Valve

Needle
valve

Butterfly valve

Diaphrag
m valve

Ball valve