RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

SPSS WORKSHOP
Preparing and transforming
data, descriptive analysis

INTRODUCTION TO SPSS
-Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences
-Statistical Product and Service
Solutions
-First version - 1968
-Developer: Norman H. Nie, Dale H. Bent,
and C. Hadlai Hull.

University of Malaya

Objectives

SPSS interface: data view and variable view

How to enter data in SPSS
How to recode data
How to clean and edit data (delete a
variable or a subject)
How to transform variables (compute subvariables into a single variable)
How to sort and select cases
How to get descriptive statistics (Mean,
standard deviation, mode, median, etc.

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Prof. Dr Chua Yan Piaw

Institute of Educational Leadership (IEL,UM)
Unit for the Enhancement of Academic Performance (ULPA,UM)

-Use for quantitative data analysis

-Present data in tables and figures
(graphs)
-Basic data for add-on programmes like
AMOS.

SPSS interface

Variable view
The place to enter variables
List of all variables
Characteristics of all variables

Data view
The place to enter data
Columns: variables
Rows: records
4

Variable View

Numeric
or string

Variable
name in a
word

Data View
Variable
full name

Rows:
number of variable
Left bottom:
Variable View

Variable value:
eg. 1 = male,
2 = female

Column: Varable

NOTE: Variable name

must be one word and
can be 64 bytes long,
and the first character
must be a letter or one of
the characters @, #, or $.

Rows:
cases

Enter the data collected

from questionnaire/
research measures

Left bottom:
Data View

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Preparing Data in SPSS

Click Variable View and entering

the variables based on the QA.

Using the data in the QA Exercise,

enter the data to the SPSS Data
Editor

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Click Data View and entering the data

based on the QA for each subject.

Preparing the data in SPSS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Naming the variables: Variable View

Entering the data: Data View

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Compute to obtain a new data

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Transforming data

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Recode into same variable

Recode into different variable

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RECODING DATA

Recoding data
Data of negative item needs to be recoded
into positive before analysed

Recode for categories of data

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Recode for negative statement / negative

scale data

Negative scale item

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Select a random sample

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Select Gender = 1 and Academic

major = 1

Select cases
Recoding the data

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Result appear as new

variable at right
column and the
number of each
respondent shows
the rank of his score
in the data

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Rank Cases

Transform ratio or interval data to ordinal data

For example: categories age of 1-90 years old
to 4 categories:
1 = < 20 yo
2 = 20 39 yo
3 = 40 59 yo
5 = 60 and above

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

1. Multiple imputation
2. Replace missing value

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Dealing with missing data

1. Multiple imputation
Data: ZZZexercise data1

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

S.
RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Variable: N/% of variables have missing data.

Cases: N/% of subjects that have missing data
Values: N/% of data that have missing

S.
S.

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Save the imputed data for further

analysis
RESEARCH STATISTICS

S.

S.
S.

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

Mean,
standard deviation,
mode,
median,
range,
max, min,
frequency,
percentage
RESEARCH STATISTICS

Descriptive Analysis
Output

S.
2. Replace missing value

For continuous data (ratio, interval scale)

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive Analysis

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

The standard error (SE) is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution. It is the estimate of
difference of sample mean from it population.

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

For categories data

(nominal and ordinal scale)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

10

RESEARCH STATISTICS

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

To get a chart, click Charts

To get a chart, click Charts

Results

RESEARCH STATISTICS

DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)

11