7 P approach

(Engleberg, 1994)

to the principles of public speaking

MODUL:
ORAL PRESENTATION

Purpose
p
Why are you speaking?
What do you want audience members to know, think,
believe, or do as a result of your presentation
People :
Who is your audience?
How do the characteristics,
characteristics skills,
skills opinions,
opinions and
behaviors of your audience affect your purpose

7 P Approach
Presentation Outline
Preparation

Oral Presentation

7 P approach

Oral Presentation

7 P approach

Place:
Why
Wh are you speaking
ki
t this
to
thi group now and
d
in this place?
How can you plan and adapt to the logistics of
this place.
How can you use visual aids to help you
achieve your purpose

Oral Presentation

Preparation
Where and how can you find good ideas and
information for your speech?
How much and what kind of supporting materials do
you need.
Planning:
Is there a natural order to the ideas and information
you will use?
y
What are the most effective ways to organize your
speech in order to adapt it to the purpose, people,
place, etc.

Oral Presentation

7 P approach

Presentation Outline

Personality:
How do you become associated with your message in
a positive way?
What can you do to demonstrate your competence,
charisma, and character to the audience?

INTRODUCTION
What?
Wh t? - overview
i
off presentation
t ti
Why? - purpose of presentation
How? - format you will use;
Who? - if more than one person, provide
introductions and indicate roles

Performance:
What form of delivery is best suited to the purpose of
your speech.
speech
What delivery techniques will make your presentation
more effective.
How should you practice?
Oral Presentation

Presentation Outline

Presentation Outline

BODY
Rhetorical :questions and answers
logical progression: indicate steps
time series: order information
compare and contrast: same structure to compare
problems and solutions: present problems with
recommended action
simple to complex:successive building blocks
deductive reasoning:from general to specific
inductive reasoning: from specific to general
Oral Presentation

Oral Presentation

CONCLUSION

review, highlight and emphasize - key

points, benefits, recommendations
draw conclusions - where are we? ... what
does all of this mean? ... what's the next
step?

Oral Presentation

TOPICS OF DISCUSSION

OUTLINE

Introduction
Results
Future work
Conclusions

Heat Exchange Modelling

9 Simulation of Example
Systems
9

Oral Presentation

Introduction to the Problem

Activities Accomplished

Proposed
p
Activities
Conclusions

Oral Presentation

Presentation Checklist (1)

Presentation Checklist (2)

Start preparing early

prepare it early, let it rest a little bit and
come back to it
practice your entire presentation-including
your slides
if you can practice it before a group of
colleagues
ll
or friends
fi d

Think about Your Audience:

who are they and why are they here;
what are their interests;
what do they know; what do they want to
know; what is a worthwhile investment in
their time

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Oral Presentation

10

12

Presentation Checklist (3)

Presentation Checklist (4)

Be clear about your purpose:

are you informing or persuading;
tell them what you are going to do, tell them,
tell them what you told them;
what do you want the audience to know, feel,
or believe afterwards

Use an Effective Introduction:

orient the audience; explain why it is
important; set the tone,
establish a relationship between the speaker
and the audience; establish credibility;
avoid weak introductions such as apologies,
j k
jokes,
rhetorical
h t i l questions
ti

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Oral Presentation

Presentation Checklist (5)

Presentation Checklist (6)

Organize your presentation clearly and

Use supporting materials to flesh out main

simply
Prioritize topics and allocate time accordingly
stick to only 3-5 main points;
have a well thought pattern (examples are
problem/solution, chronological, cause and
effect, topical); use transitions to move
smoothly from one point to the next

Oral Presentation

15

14

points

Use examples, statistics, expert opinions,

anecdotes

Compose for the Ear, not for the Eye:

Use simple words, simple sentences,
markers repetition,
markers,
repetition images,
images personal
language ("You" and "I")

Oral Presentation

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Presentation Checklist (7)

Presentation Checklist (8)

Create an Effective Conclusion:

summarize,
summarize set final image,
image provide closure;
don't trail off, don't use trite phrases
don't just present data or summarized results
and leave the audience to draw its own
conclusions
you have had much more time to work with
your information than your audience; share
your insight and understanding and tell them
what you've concluded from your work

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Presentation Checklist (9)

spontaneous,
enthusiastic

conversational,

use key phrases in your notes so you

don't have to read, use the overhead
instead of notes;
vary volume, don't be afraid of silence,
d 't use fillers
don't
fill
lik "um"...
like
" "
Practice, Practice, Practice

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Presentation Checklist (10)

Use Body Language Effectively

relaxed gestures, eye contact; don't play with
a pen or pointer,
don't block visual aids

Oral Presentation

Sound

19

Use Visual Aids to Enhance the Message

you will
ill probably
b bl need
d to
t use overhead
h d
transparancies in your presentation
use visuals to reinforce and clarify, not
overwhelm;
keep visual aids uncluttered; use titles to guide
the audience
if you use tapes or disks, make sure the
equipment is compatible
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Presentation Checklist (11)

Presentation Checklist (12)

Analyze the Environment

check
h k outt size
i off room, placement
l
t off chairs,
h i
time of day, temperature, distractions
check out AV equipment ahead of time; have
a spare bulb

Cope with Stage Fright by Remembering

it's
it' normal;l it can be
b helpful,
h l f l everyone feels
f l it

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Oral Presentation

22

ORAL PRESENTATION EVALUATION BY PEER

Presentation Assignment

Rate each issue from 1 to 6 where 1 is strongly disagree and 6 is

strongly agree

Prepare an oral presentation

make
k visual
i
l aids
id using
i transparancy
t
or power
point presentation
prepare for 3 minutes presentation
maximum 6 slides

No

Effective use of time

Presented materials are concise and to

the point
Eye contact with audience

3
4

Clear speech with good intonation

Figures/plots/tables
for
presentation
Nice and appropriate outfits

6
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Gradeofeachgroup
member
Members name
Membersname

Criteria of Presentation

Total grade

effective

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BORANG PENILAIAN PRESENTASI OLEH ANGGOTA

Nilailah kriteria presentasi berikut ini dengan menuliskan angka yang sesuai dalam skala 1-6,
dimana 1 berarti sangat tidak setuju dan 6 sangat setuju.

Nilai dalam angka

Kriteria presentasi
Nama anggota kelompok yang dinilai
Penggunaan waktu yang tepat
Materi presentasi jelas, singkat dan mudah dibaca
Melakukan kontak mata dengan penonton
B bi
Berbicara
d
dengan
j l dan
jelas
d intonasi
i t
i yang sesuaii
Menyajikan gambar/plot/tabel agar presentasi
efektif
Penampilan presenter keseluruhan rapi dan sesuai
Total :

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