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English teacher
http://miriamsheencuba.blogspot.com/
http://tailoringteaching.blogspot.com/
Willis (1996) proposed the following framework for task- based learning.
Within the model, the pre-task phase serves as a preparation for the topic and perhaps a presentation of a similar task
already done. In this phase students are also given instructions for the task.
In the task cycle learners first perform the task and subsequently plan the final version of the task outcome and report the
effects of their work.
The language focus phase serves both as teacher’s and students’ analysis of the language that was used in the task and
also as a moment in the lesson when new language is introduced and practiced.
One of the advantages of this method is that tasks allow the use
of language resources that students possess in a creative way.
Making students use the target language to solve a problem,
reach an agreement or communicate some message seems to
benefit them in the best possible way: learners are stretching
their linguistic knowledge and communicative skills to the
maximum.
Another advantage of task-based learning is that doing tasks
supports learner autonomy. While doing tasks, students have to
use a number of language learning strategies. For ex ample, a
number of compensation strategies, communication strategies or cognitive ones. Completing communicative
tasks creates basic conditions for greater autonomy on the part of the student because a lot of decisions
connected with language use are made by the learner.
From this perspective task based language learning seems to be an appropriate method to develop learner
autonomy as a basis in a curriculum.
Consequently, the challenge for task based pedagogy is to choose sequences and implement tasks in ways that will
combine a focus on meaning with a focus on form as well. Foster and Skehan have shown that giving learners time to
plan before they begin a task significantly increases the complexity, accuracy and fluency of the language they use and
that these effects increase in relation to the cognitive difficulty of the task. In conclusion, one of the 4 standards of
Education is “Learning by doing” and that is what TBL means to me. I would like to encourage you to try out the new
method in your classes in order to give you some better ideas of what a task-based lesson may look.
T A V I
Using a TAVI
Text as vehicle information
Cloning is copying an animal or a human to make another animal or human which is exactly
the same. Scientists take DNA from one egg and put it into another egg. This then makes a
copy which is exactly the same as the first egg. The first cloned animal was a sheep but
scientists have also cloned mice, rats, rabbits, horses and even a mule. Now, for the first time,
they say they have also cloned a human embryo, the small egg that eventually becomes a
baby.
South Korean and American scientists say they have cloned human embryos and taken cells
called stem cells from one of them. Stem cells are very important in the development of an
unborn baby. They change a single fertilized human egg into about 10 trillion cells during a
nine month pregnancy.
The Korean and US scientists used 242 eggs from 16 women to clone 30 blastocysts. A blat
cyst is the tiny ball of cells that together become an embryo. Then the scientists took the
original DNA out of the egg, and replaced it with chromosomes from an adult cell. "This is not
a human clone," said Donald Kennedy, a leading biologist. This search could lead to
treatments for long-term diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
American politicians do not allow US government money to be used for stem cell research. Dr
Kennedy said he hoped that now they would change their decision. But the White House said
that President George Bush is against stem cell research. Leon Kass, chairman of the
president's council on bioethics said "The age of human cloning has arrived. Today we have
cloned blastocysts for medical research, tomorrow we will have cloned blastocysts for baby-
making.”.
Scientists have been working on cloning research for many years and hope that their
research will help to treat many different diseases. Now that they have cloned stem cells, they
will have to find out how to change these cells into human tissue. They will then be able to
use this tissue to treat diseases. In the long term, some scientists believe it could be possible
to grow complete human organs, such as livers or kidneys.
Many people are against stem cell research and cloning. They say that it will lead to human
cloning and cloned babies. The first stages of cloning for use in medical treatment and cloning
to produce a cloned baby are exactly the same.
TASK BASED LEARNING
TASK: Discuss and give opinions about cloning when couples cannot
have children . state the advantages and disadvantages
10’
SS get in groups of 4
SS share opinions , and reflect on the topic being discussed
SS make a list of advantages and disadvantages and support their ideas
cycle
Task
A reporter reports
The conclusion is given when one decides whether the advantages far outweigh
the disadvantages or not and when an agreement is reached. 20’
Are there more advantages or disadvantages?
Error correction
Languag
Grammar mistakes
e focus
Tabling if it is necessary
10’