3/22/2010

Outline

Introduction to Bluetooth
CHAPTER 9:

New Applications
BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth Specifications

Technical Overview
ðặng Lê Khoa
Email: dlkhoa@fetel.hcmuns.edu.vn

Facuty of Electronics & Telecommunications, HCMUS

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Bluetooth Bluetooth working group history

A cable replacement technology

1 Mb/s symbol rate
Why not use Wireless LANs?

Range 10+ meters

Single chip radio + baseband

at low power & low price point ($5)

February 1998: The Bluetooth SIG is formed

promoter company group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia,
Toshiba

May 1998: Public announcement of the Bluetooth SIG

July 1999: 1.0A spec (>1,500 pages) is published

December 1999: ver. 1.0B is released

December 1999: The promoter group increases to 9

3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, Motorola

March 2001: ver. 1.1 is released
- power
- cost
Aug 2001: There are 2,491+ adopter companies

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Synchronization

New Applications

User benefits

Automatic synchronization of
calendars, address books, business
cards

Push button synchronization

Proximity operation

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Cordless Headset Usage scenarios examples

Cordless
headset
Data Access Points

Synchronization
User benefits
Headset

Multiple device access
Conference Table

Cordless phone benefits
Cordless Computer

Hands free operation

Business Card Exchange

Instant Postcard

Computer Speakerphone

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Bluetooth Specifications

Applications
IP

Bluetooth SDP RFCOMM

Specifications Data

L2CAP
Audio
Link Manager
Single chip with RS-232,
Baseband USB, or PC card interface
RF

A hardware/software/protocol description

An application framework
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Bluetooth Radio Specification

Applications
IP
SDP RFCOMM

Technical Overview Data

L2CAP
Audio
Link Manager
Baseband
RF

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Unlicensed Radio Spectrum Bluetooth radio link

λ 33cm 12cm 5cm
1Mhz
26 Mhz 83.5 Mhz 125 Mhz
. . .
12 3 79
902 Mhz 2.4 Ghz 5.725 Ghz 83.5 Mhz
928 Mhz 2.4835 Ghz 5.850 Ghz

frequency hopping spread spectrum

cordless phones 802.11 unused
baby monitors Bluetooth
2.402 GHz + k MHz, k=0, …, 78
Wireless LANs Microwave oven
1,600 hops per second

GFSK modulation

1 Mb/s symbol rate

transmit power

0 dbm (up to 20dbm with power control)
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Baseband Bluetooth Physical link

Applications
Point to point link

master - slave relationship m s
IP
SDP
radios can function as masters or slaves
RFCOMM

Data

m
L2CAP
Piconet
Audio
Link Manager  Master can connect to 7 slaves
s s
Baseband  Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps) s
 hopping pattern is determined by the master
RF

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Connection Setup Inquiry on time axis

Inquiry - scan protocol

f1 f2
 to lean about the clock offset Slave1
and device address of other
nodes in proximity
Inquiry hopping
sequence
Master

Slave2

17 18

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Piconet formation Addressing

Page - scan protocol
Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR)
Master
 to establish links with
48 bit IEEE MAC address
nodes in proximity
Active Slave
Active Member address (AM_ADDR)
 3 bits active slave address
Parked Slave
 all zero broadcast address
Standby

Parked Member address (PM_ADDR)
 8 bit parked slave address

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Piconet channel Multi slot packets

FH/TDD FH/TDD
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f1 f4 f5 f6

m m

s1 s1

s2 s2

625 ℓsec 625 µsec

1600 hops/sec Data rate depends on type of packet

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Physical Link Types Packet Types

Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link

 slot reservation at fixed intervals
Control Data/voice

Asynchronous Connection-less (ACL) Link packets packets
 Polling access method
Voice data
ID*
SCO ACL ACL SCO ACL ACL SCO ACL ACL HV1
Null DM1 DH1
m Poll HV2 DH3
DM3
FHS HV3 DM5 DH5
DM1 DV

s1

s2

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Packet Format Access Code

72 bits 54 bits 0 - 2744 bits 72 bits

Access
Header Payload Access Payload
code Header
code

Purpose Types

Voice Data CRC
Synchronization
Channel Access Code (CAC)

DC offset compensation
Device Access Code (DAC)
No CRC ARQ
No retries
Identification
Inquiry Access Code (IAC)
FEC (optional) FEC (optional)
Signaling

625 µs

master

X
slave

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Packet Header Voice Packets (HV1, HV2, HV3)

54 bits 72 bits 54 bits 240 bits = 366 bits
m Access
Access Header Payload Header 30 bytes
code
code
s s Payload
s
HV1 10 bytes + 1/3 FEC
Purpose

Addressing (3) Max 7 active slaves
HV2 20 bytes + 2/3 FEC

Packet type (4) 16 packet types (some unused)

Flow control (1)

1-bit ARQ (1) Broadcast packets are not ACKed HV3 30 bytes

Sequencing (1) For filtering retransmitted packets 3.75ms (HV3)

HEC (8)
Verify header integrity 2.5ms (HV2)
total 18 bits 1.25ms (HV1)

Encode with 1/3 FEC to get 54 bits

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Data rate calculation: DM1 and DH1 Data rate calculation: DM3 and DH3
625 µs 1875 µs
72 54
72 bits 54 bits 240 bits = 366 bits bits bits
1500 bits = 1626 bits
Access Access Header
code
Header 30 bytes 187 bytes
code

Payload Dir Size Freq Rate Payload Dir Size Freq Rate
↑ 17 1600/2 108.8 ↑ 121 1600/4 387.2
2/3 2/3
DM1 1 17 2 ↓ 17 108.8 DM3 2 121 2
FEC
↓ 17 54.4
FEC

↑ 27 172.8 ↑ 183 585.6

DH1 1 27 2 DH3 2 183 2
↓ 27 172.8 ↓ 27 86.4

625 µs 1875 µs

1 2 1 2 3 4

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Data rate calculation: DM5 and DH5 Data Packet Types

3125 µs
Symmetric Asymmetric
72 54
bits bits
2744 bits = 2870 bits DM1 108.8 108.8 108.8
Access
Code
Header 343 bytes DM3 258.1 387.2 54.4
2/3 FEC 286.7 477.8 36.3
Payload Dir Size Freq Rate DM5
↑ 224 1600/6 477.8
2/3
DM5 2 224 2
FEC
↓ 17 36.3 Symmetric Asymmetric
No FEC DH1 172.8 172.8 172.8
↑ 339 723.2 390.4 585.6 86.4
DH5 2 339 2 DH3
↓ 27 57.6
433.9 723.2 57.6
DH5
3125 µs 625 µs

1 2 3 4 5 6

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Inter piconet communication Scatternet

Cordless
headset
mouse
Cordless
headset

Cell phone
Cell phone

Cell phone Cordless

headset

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Scatternet, scenario 2 Baseband: Summary

Device 1 Device 2
How to schedule presence in
two piconets? L2CAP L2CAP
LMP Data link LMP

Forwarding delay ? Baseband Baseband

Physical

Missed traffic?

TDD, frequency hopping physical layer

Device inquiry and paging

Two types of links SCO and ACL links

Multiple packet types (multiple data rates
with and without FEC)

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