STATISTICAL

REPORT
2 1

Contents

1 FOREWORD

1: PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 2014

2: FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 2013

3: INLAND DELIVERIES, 2014

4: NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES, 2014

5: LNG IMPORTS, 2014

6: STORAGE, 2014

7: NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN FIGURES, 2014

8: NATURAL GAS RESERVES, 2014

10

9: EXPECTATIONS FOR 2015

11

10: THE EUROPEAN NATURAL GAS GRID IN 2015

12

APPENDIX

Foreword

BY THE SECRETARY GENERAL

It has been said that time doesnt pass, it continues.

In that continuation we look back on the thread of
experience to reassess our present state. It is a valuable
and ageless exercise. To this end, I am glad to present
the following body of information for your use and
reflection. Our 2015 edition of the Statistical Report is
a compilation of the most recent reporting of data
available for a review of 2014.
We realise this publication is an important reference for
many, and our hope is to increase its circulation and
maintain its timely release. For these reasons, this year
is the first year we have decided to publish the report
uniquely in digital format.
The global energy context for gas in 2014 was eventful.
The global economics of (increased) supply and (relatively
low) demand, meant oil prices plummeted to half
of what they were even mid-year. Broad geopolitical
and economic challenges contributed to the already
existing energy challenge in Europe, where affordability,
sustainability and security are paramount, and yet difficult
to satisfy simultaneously. It is no coincidence that this was
the year in which the new Commission began developing
its concept of the Energy Union to take a cohesive and
integrated approach to tackling these challenges.
In several ways, gas in Europe has continued to increase
its flexibility and responsiveness. As shown in the
following pages, gas infrastructure has continued to be
developed particularly in the eastern side of the Union.
Trading hubs witnessed an increasing amount of trade,
an indication of greater market liquidity. Capacity for
liquefied natural gas (LNG) increased with a new terminal
opening in Lithuania. Storage capacity also increased
in several countries via underground installations.

In realising the internal European energy market, gas

sources are becoming increasingly difficult to track and
data at the national level difficult to obtain. Although
this is a challenge for statistics, it also demonstrates
welcomed advances in achieving more intra-hub trade
through well-connected markets. The data in this report is
based on available national and gas industry information,
completed with best estimates, which Eurogas has
combined to provide the most comprehensive survey at
the time of publication. Where no data was available,
own estimates have been produced and supplemented
with data from international organisations in order to
estimate the EU total.
As always, many thanks to the members of the Statistics
Committee for their integral contributions to this report,
and the many supporting companies who have made
this report possible. For many of them, accurate and
timely collection of data is increasingly arduous, and
their efforts are very much appreciated. I would also
like to extend gratitude to non-Eurogas members who
contributed to this report, namely: Energimyndigheten
of Sweden, Eestigas of Estonia, Bulgarian Ministry
of Energy, Synergrid and Fluxys of Belgium, EIHP for
provision of Croatian data, and AGN of Portugal.
We hope that you will find the 2015 edition of the
Eurogas Statistical Report to be useful. As always,
Eurogas experts are at your disposal to answer any
questions that you may have.
Beate Raabe,
Secretary General

Nonetheless, gas demand continued on a challenging

downward slope. Mainly due to warm weather conditions,
primary energy consumption (PEC) for gas was 10.4%
below 2013 as less heat was needed for residents
and businesses. All energy sources decreased except
hydro-power, which rose by 2.2%.

STATISTICAL REPORT 2 15

1. Primary energy consumption,2 14

In 2014, primary energy consumption (PEC) in the
European Union (EU) decreased by 3.9% compared with
2013, to 1 615.1 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)
(see Figure 1). Consumption of natural gas decreased by
10.4%, oil by 2.3%, solid fossil fuels (i.e. coal and peat)
decreased by 6.6%. Consumption of nuclear electricity
decreased by 0.5% between 2013 and 2014.
An unusually warm year certainly had its effect on all
energy sources. Growth weakened for renewable energy,
with hydro power increasing by 2.2% (as compared with
11.0% in 2013) and 2.0% for other renewables (as compared

with 5% in 2013). For coal, it was the second year in a

row that a decrease was registered in PEC.
With respect to shares in total European PEC, oil remained
the largest component of PEC with a 33.8% share, but
with a bit less volume, despite precipitous decline in oil
prices in the second half of 2014. Natural gas is second
in share with 21.3%. The category other renewables,
including biomass, wind, solar and geothermal energy
was up slightly on the previous year from 9.6% to 10.2%
(see Figure 2). The category others, including heat,
accounted for approximately 1% of the total energy mix.

FIGURE 1: PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL IN THE EU-28, SWITZERLAND AND TURKEY, 2014
Mtoe

Oil

AUSTRIA

12.1

3.0

6.4

0.0

3.5

6.6

0.8

0.7

33.0

-3.0%

BELGIUM

23.5

3.1

12.6

8.8

0.0

4.3

1.5

0.2

54.0

-9.8%

BULGARIA

3.6

5.9

2.3

1.2

0.4

0.2

-0.5

3.9

16.9

-0.7%

CROATIA

3.0

0.7

2.0

0.0

0.8

1.2

0.3

0.0

8.0

-4.8%

CYPRUS

1.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

-10.0%

CZECH REPUBLIC

9.2

16.0

6.1

6.9

0.4

1.7

0.0

0.0

40.3

-1.4%

DENMARK

6.7

3.4

2.8

0.0

0.0

4.6

0.0

0.4

17.9

0.7%

ESTONIA

0.4

4.5

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.8

-0.2

0.0

5.9

-0.2%

FINLAND

7.4

4.7

2.2

5.9

1.1

8.1

1.5

1.1

32.0

-2.4%

FRANCE

76.0

8.7

32.4

113.8

7.8

16.6

-5.8

0.0

249.6

-3.9%

107.9

78.8

63.9

25.3

1.7

33.8

-2.9

5.3

313.7

-5.0%

10.9

6.8

2.9

0.0

0.5

2.1

0.2

0.0

23.4

-0.6%

HUNGARY

6.6

2.2

7.4

4.1

0.0

1.6

1.2

0.4

23.5

9.6%

IRELAND

6.3

2.0

3.7

0.0

0.1

0.9

0.2

0.1

13.3

-0.7%

GERMANY
GREECE

Solid
fossil fuels

Natural
gas

Nuclear
electricity

Hydro

Other
Electricity
renewables net imports

Total

Others

% Change
2014/2013

57.3

13.5

50.7

0.0

4.9

30.4

9.6

0.0

166.4

-3.8%

LATVIA

1.4

0.1

1.1

0.0

0.2

1.3

0.1

0.2

4.4

-2.9%

LITHUANIA

2.5

0.2

2.1

0.0

0.0

1.3

0.7

0.1

7.0

0.7%

LUXEMBOURG

2.7

0.1

0.8

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

4.2

-2.3%

ITALY

0.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.7

2.9%

NETHERLANDS

28.2

9.1

28.9

0.9

0.0

3.2

1.3

1.0

72.6

-5.7%

POLAND

MALTA

22.8

49.4

13.4

0.0

0.2

8.4

0.2

0.5

94.9

-3.7%

PORTUGAL

9.6

2.7

3.5

0.0

1.4

4.0

0.1

0.0

21.2

-4.5%

ROMANIA

9.0

5.8

9.9

2.6

4.2

1.4

-0.2

0.0

32.7

3.7%

SLOVAKIA

3.1

3.4

3.7

3.9

0.4

1.3

0.1

0.0

15.9

-4.1%

2.2

1.3

0.6

1.4

0.4

0.9

-0.1

0.0

6.7

-0.4%

SPAIN

50.7

12.0

23.7

14.9

3.4

13.9

-0.3

0.1

118.4

-1.7%

SWEDEN

14.4

2.0

0.8

14.8

14.6

5.0

-1.3

0.1

50.4

-1.6%

UNITED KINGDOM

65.8

31.3

59.3

13.9

3.6

10.7

1.8

0.0

186.4

-6.7%

EU-28

545.7

270.7

343.6

218.4

49.6

164.5

8.6

14.1

1 615.1

-3.9%

% Change 2014/2013

-2.3%

-6.6%

-10.4%

-0.5%

2.2%

2.0%

-3.9%

38.6%

-3.9%

SLOVENIA

SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

11.0

0.1

2.7

6.9

3.4

1.5

-0.5

1.4

26.5

-4.9%

0.0

36.2

39.4

0.0

20.2

0.0

0.4

0.0

96.2

-16.6%

Units: Million tonnes of oil equivalent (net calorific value).

Note: Other renewables includes biomass, wind, solar and geothermal energy.
Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

FIGURE 2: SHARE OF PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL IN THE EU-28, 2013 AND 2014
50%
33.2

33.8
22.8
17.3

16.8

21.3
13.1

13.5

9.6
2.9

0%

EUROGAS

3.1

10.2
0.5

0.5

0.6

0.9

2013
2014

Primary energy use per capita (PEC/Capita) reflects both

the geography and the industrial structure of a country, and
is also used as a measure of energy efficiency in a country.
Accordingly, it varies widely among EU Member States.

On average, energy use in EU Member States remains

slightly lower per capita than that of Japan, and substantially
lower than in the United States, meaning that the EU is
relatively more efficient than these two major economies.

The average PEC/Capita in the EU decreased from 3.31 tonnes

of oil equivalent (toe) in 2013 to 3.19 in 2014, in part due
to the slow economic growth but also energy efficiency
implementation, and warm weather (see Figure 3). Since
2007, before the beginning of the economic crisis, the
PEC/Capita has decreased by 12%.

Energy intensity, as measured by PEC per unit of gross

domestic product (PEC/GDP), measures the energy
efficiency of a nations economy and indicates the cost of
converting energy into GDP. In 2014, the energy intensity
in EU Member States also further decreased to 0.12 toe
compared with 2013.

FIGURE 3: PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

PER CAPITA AND PER UNIT OF GDP, 2014

FIGURE 4: SHARE OF NATURAL GAS

IN PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 2014

PEC/GDP**

AUSTRIA

3.88

0.11

turkey

BELGIUM

4.82

0.14

netherlands

BULGARIA

2.33

0.43

CROATIA

1.88

0.18

CYPRUS

2.10

0.10

united kingdom
hungary
lithuana

CZECH REPUBLIC

3.83

0.25

DENMARK

3.19

0.07

italy

ESTONIA

4.49

0.34

romania

FINLAND

5.87

0.17

FRANCE

3.79

0.12

GERMANY

3.88

0.11

GREECE

2.14

0.13

latvia

ireland
croatia

HUNGARY

2.37

0.23

belgium

IRELAND

2.88

0.07

slovakia

ITALY

2.74

0.11

LATVIA

2.18

0.21

LITHUANIA

2.39

0.21

LUXEMBOURG

7.64

0.09

spain

eu-28

21.3%

germany

MALTA

1.69

0.10

austria

NETHERLANDS

4.31

0.11

luxembourg

POLAND

2.50

0.24

PORTUGAL

2.03

0.13

portugal

ROMANIA

1.64

0.24

SLOVAKIA

2.94

0.22

czech republic

SLOVENIA

3.25

0.19

poland

SPAIN

2.55

0.11

bulgaria

SWEDEN

5.23

0.13

UNITED KINGDOM

2.90

0.10

EU-28

3.19

0.12

SWITZERLAND

3.25

0.06

TURKEY

1.25

0.18

UNITED STATES

6.92

0.18

estonia

JAPAN

3.47

0.11

finland

* Eurostat & IEA figures for population.

** Units: Tonnes of oil equivalent per thousand euros of GDP.
Eurostat figures for GDP (in millions of euro, chain linked volumes
(2010)) & OECD for Turkey.

50%

0%

PEC/Capita*

toe

denmark

france
greece
switzerland
slovenia

sweden
malta
cyprus

The primary energy

consumption of a country
is defined as the total
gross energy supply
(indigenous production
plus net imports) before
any conversion of primary
energy into final energy
forms has taken place.
Primary energy
consumption includes
net energy losses in the
production of electricity
and synthetic gas,
refinery use, and other
energy sector uses and
losses (i.e. transformation
and distribution losses).

The share of natural gas decreased to 21.3% in 2014, approximately two percentage points less than in 2013. (see Figure 4).

STATISTICAL REPORT 2 15

2. Final energy consumption, 2 13

In 2013, final energy consumption (FEC) in the EU continued
to remain stable, increasing by 0.1% to 1 183.5 million
tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) compared with 2012.
Once again due to sluggish economic recovery, the final
consumption of all fuels decreased, except for natural gas,
which increased by 3.2% (see Figure 5). This is a stronger
increase in FEC for natural gas than in 2012 (1.8%, yearon-year). The use of oil products in FEC decreased by
0.8%, solid fossil fuels by 4.7%, electricity by 0.5%, and
others (including renewables and heat) by 0.1%.

The increase of natural gas use in FEC reflects weather

temperatures realised in the first half of 2013, which
led to an increase in gas demand for heating homes.
In 2013, natural gas was still the second fuel used in
FEC with a share of 22.7%, ahead of electricity at 20.2%
but behind oil products, which remained the largest
component of FEC with a share of 40.8% (see Figure 6).

FIGURE 5: FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL IN THE EU-28, SWITZERLAND AND TURKEY, 2013
Mtoe

Oil
products

Solid
fossil fuels

Natural
gas

Electricity

Others

Total

% Change
2013/2012

AUSTRIA

10.0

0.5

4.6

5.3

6.4

26.7

2.1%

BELGIUM

20.9

0.9

10.6

7.0

2.4

41.8

-0.3%

BULGARIA

2.8

0.4

1.4

2.4

2.1

9.1

-4.9%

CROATIA

2.7

0.1

1.4

1.3

1.5

7.0

10.1%

CYPRUS

0.9

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.1

1.4

-8.9%

CZECH REPUBLIC

8.0

2.3

7.4

4.8

2.8

25.4

3.3%

DENMARK

6.1

0.1

1.6

2.7

4.0

14.5

-1.5%

ESTONIA

0.9

0.1

0.1

0.6

1.1

2.8

-4.5%

FINLAND

9.3

0.6

1.3

7.0

9.2

27.4

-1.7%

FRANCE

73.5

5.6

33.7

38.4

15.5

166.6

0.3%

GERMANY

82.5

10.3

52.2

45.0

29.2

219.2

2.9%

GREECE

8.4

0.2

1.2

4.2

1.9

15.9

-15.9%

HUNGARY

4.2

0.3

5.3

3.0

2.2

15.0

-7.8%

IRELAND

6.1

0.6

1.6

2.1

0.4

10.8

0.9%

52.0

2.9

39.0

24.7

7.9

126.6

-1.0%

LATVIA

1.4

0.1

0.4

0.6

1.6

4.0

-2.0%

LITHUANIA

1.8

0.3

1.3

0.8

1.6

5.7

-5.5%

LUXEMBOURG

2.8

0.1

0.6

0.5

0.2

4.2

-1.5%

MALTA

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.4

12.4%

ITALY

NETHERLANDS

26.2

0.6

19.3

9.1

14.2

69.4

-9.5%

POLAND

20.8

12.6

10.9

10.7

11.8

66.8

0.3%

PORTUGAL

8.1

0.0

1.6

3.9

2.6

16.2

3.8%

ROMANIA

7.1

0.7

6.5

3.5

5.2

22.9

-4.0%

SLOVAKIA

2.3

0.9

3.1

2.2

1.2

9.5

5.1%

SLOVENIA

2.4

0.1

0.6

1.1

0.8

5.0

0.6%

43.6

1.8

15.3

20.0

5.2

85.8

-3.6%

SPAIN

9.7

0.8

0.6

10.8

10.5

32.4

-1.6%

67.9

2.9

47.8

27.3

5.2

151.1

7.4%

EU-28

482.7

45.7

269.6

239.2

146.7

1 183.5

0.1%

% Change 2013/2012

-0.8%

-4.7%

3.2%

-0.5%

0.1%

0.1%

SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM

SWITZERLAND

11.2

0.1

2.9

5.1

2.1

21.4

2.4%

TURKEY

30.7

11.4

41.0

16.9

n/a

99.9

14.4%

The final energy

consumption is calculated
from the sectoral use of
energy, for which reliable
data is available with
a significant time lag.
The FEC figures are
shown for 2013.
FEC is equivalent to
PEC but excludes net
energy losses from the
production of electricity
and synthetic gas,
refinery use and other
energy sector uses and
losses (i.e. transformation
and distribution losses).
The major part of the
difference can be
attributed to the
conversion of primary
fuels into electricity.

Units: Million tonnes of oil equivalent (net calorific value).

Note: Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication. n/a: not available.

FIGURE 6: SHARE OF FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL IN THE EU-28, 2012 AND 2013
50%
41.2 40.8

22.1

22.7

20.3 20.2
12.4 12.4

4.1

0%

EUROGAS

3.9

2012
2013

3. Inland deliveries,2 14
Natural gas deliveries decreased by 11.0% from
4 996 terawatt hours (TWh) in 2013 to 4 427.3 TWh in
2014 (see Figure 7).

relatively warm throughout 2014. Demand will again

rebound somewhat in 2015 with average temperatures
returning to levels closer to normal (see section 9).

Exceptional warm temperature averages in 2014 were

joined by a continued strong downward pressure on
gas demand due to a moderately increasing share of
renewables and continued presence of coal, particularly
in the power sector. Slow European economic performance
also dampened industrial demand (see Figure 7).

Although a few countries saw stable or even increasing

demand for gas in industry, European industrial
consumption of gas decreased by 4.4% in 2014 in
comparison with 2013.

The demand in the residential and commercial sector

was hit hard due to the lack of heat demand in the winter
months, especially compared with 2013. In contrast to
the fluctuations in 2013, the temperatures remained

The use of gas in transport increased noticeably in terms

of percentage (8.5%). In terms of volume delivered,
natural gas supplied 18.6 TWh, roughly the same as
the previous year in terms of share of total gas demand
(see Figures 7 and 8).

FIGURE 7: INLAND SALES OF NATURAL GAS IN THE EU-28, SWITZERLAND AND TURKEY, 2014
TWh

Residential

Industry

Power
plants*

& commercial

Transport

Others
uses

Total inland % Change

sales
2014/2013

AUSTRIA

19.5

37.0

19.0

0.2

7.9

83.5

-8.2%

BELGIUM

79.5

41.2

39.7

0.3

0.0

160.7

-12.2%

BULGARIA

1.0

12.0

9.9

0.9

3.6

27.5

-1.8%

CROATIA

7.3

9.9

5.1

0.0

3.7

26.1

-13.0%

CYPRUS

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

CZECH REPUBLIC

31.7

43.8

0.0

0.3

1.6

77.4

-12.0%

DENMARK

10.8

9.1

7.4

0.0

3.8

31.1

-12.7%

ESTONIA

1.0

0.5

3.8

0.0

0.2

5.5

-21.9%

FINLAND

0.7

17.4

14.2

0.0

0.0

32.4

-12.1%

FRANCE

241.2

135.5

31.3

1.2

12.2

421.3

-16.0%

GERMANY

357.3

352.6

111.2

2.3

1.2

824.6

-12.4%

4.6

9.3

17.6

0.2

0.0

31.7

-23.8%

HUNGARY

46.1

22.8

18.1

0.0

5.1

92.1

-9.4%

IRELAND

13.3

7.7

26.1

0.0

0.8

47.9

-3.6%

273.3

161.6

187.6

11.1

21.6

655.2

-11.6%

LATVIA

2.6

1.6

9.1

0.0

0.0

13.4

-10.9%

LITHUANIA

3.8

14.7

7.8

0.1

0.4

26.9

-4.0%

LUXEMBOURG

4.2

2.8

3.9

0.0

n/a

11.0

-5.5%

GREECE

ITALY

MALTA
NETHERLANDS

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

172.5

134.1

61.2

0.0

7.8

375.6

-12.9%

61.9

89.2

16.0

0.0

5.7

172.8

-3.2%

PORTUGAL

4.3

37.8

3.2

0.0

0.0

45.3

-5.4%

ROMANIA

38.3

42.4

30.8

0.0

16.1

127.6

-3.8%

SLOVAKIA

20.8

17.1

8.7

0.1

0.1

46.7

-14.1%

SLOVENIA

2.2

4.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

6.8

-9.7%

41.5

122.3

136.4

1.2

0.0

301.4

-9.1%

1.9

3.0

3.1

0.6

1.2

9.7

-17.9%

POLAND

SPAIN
SWEDEN

374.5

141.9

244.5

0.0

12.3

773.1

-8.9%

EU-28

1 815.9

1 471.2

1 016.3

18.6

105.3

4 427.3

-11.0%

% Change 2014/2013

-16.1%

-4.4%

0.0%

8.5%

-19.8%

-11.0%

20.1

12.4

1.5

0.2

0.3

34.6

-13.2%

131.1

136.1

250.2

0.9

0.0

518.3

10.3%

UNITED KINGDOM

SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

FIGURE 8: EU-28 NATURAL

GAS SALES BY SECTOR,
2013 AND 2014

2013
0.4 3
21

100%

44

32

2014
0.4 3
23

100%

41

33

Inland deliveries represent

deliveries of marketable
gas to the inland market,
including gas used by the
gas industry for heating
and operating its
equipment, and includes
losses in distribution.

* Including heat plants

Units: Terawatt hours (gross calorific value).
Note: Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication. n/a: not available.

STATISTICAL REPORT 2 15

4. Natural gas supplies, 2 14

As in previous years, EU production still remains the
largest source of gas for EU-28 customers, with a share of
approximately 33% of total net supplies (see Figure 9).
With the very positive continued progress in the realisation
of the European internal gas market, it is becoming
increasingly difficult to determine the origin country of
imported gas in many European countries. This challenge
is reflected in the fact that the Norway import column has
been merged with Other sources. It should be noted that

although we cannot determine Norwegian gas consumption

per country, the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and
Energy reports that the total amount of gas, including small
volumes of LNG, exported from Norway to the EU-28 stands
at 102.4 bcm for 2014, or approximately 25% of EU-28 gas
demand1. In total, approximately 57% of gas consumed in
Europe comes from Western European fields (see Figure 10).
Russia supplied 27%, and Algeria 8%. Regarding liquefied
natural gas (LNG), the share of gas from Qatar in EU supplies,
the EUs main LNG supplier, remained steady at 5%.

FIGURE 9: NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES IN THE EU-28, SWITZERLAND AND TURKEY, 2014
TWh

Indigenous
Norway &
production other sources*

AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOURG
MALTA
NETHERLANDS***
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
% Change 2014/2013
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

14.0
0.0
1.0
18.7
0.0
1.8
53.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
98.0
0.0
19.7
1.6
75.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
648.5
48.1
0.0
118.1
0.9
0.0
0.4
0.0
425.5
1 525.8
-10.4%
0.0
5.4

39.9
159.3
0.0
7.5
0.0
25.4
-17.0
0.0
0.0
315.8
329.5
8.4
-3.6
46.4
214.0
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.0
-308.0
29.6
12.3
0.0
2.3
2.4
73.0
9.7
229.9
1 185.0
-6.0%
34.7
175.3

Russia

Algeria

Qatar

Changes
in stocks**

Others
balances

Total net
supplies

% Change
2014/2013

42.2
0.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
51.6
0.0
5.5
32.4
62.3
402.9
18.4
101.4
0.0
255.4
13.4
26.4
2.8
0.0
32.0
95.1
0.0
9.5
46.9
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1 227.0
-7.6%
0.0
287.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
71.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
211.9
0.0
5.8
370.6
-11.8%
0.0
44.5

0.0
13.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
8.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.0
0.0
113.6
227.3
-10.3%
0.0
10.7

-12.6
-1.9
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
-0.3
0.0
0.0
-15.5
-5.8
-0.2
-18.3
-0.1
-8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
-3.5
0.0
-5.5
0.0
-2.4
-72.8
-344.6%
0.0
-4.4

0.0
-10.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
-1.6
-5.3
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
-7.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.7
-0.4
-2.3
0.0
0.0
-0.3
-13.5
0.0
0.8
-35.6
108.3%
-0.1
0.0

83.5
160.7
27.5
26.1
0.0
77.4
31.1
5.5
32.4
421.3
824.6
31.7
92.1
47.9
655.2
13.4
26.9
11.0
0.0
375.6
172.8
45.3
127.6
46.7
6.8
301.4
9.7
773.1
4 427.2
-11.1%
34.6
518.3

-8.2%
-12.2%
2.1%
-13.0%
-12.0%
-12.2%
-21.9%
-12.2%
-16.0%
-12.4%
-23.7%
-9.4%
-3.6%
-11.6%
-10.9%
-4.5%
-5.5%
-12.9%
-3.2%
-5.5%
-3.3%
-14.1%
8.2%
-10.6%
-18.1%
-8.8%
-11.1%

Units: Terawatt hour (gross calorific value).

Note: Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.
* Due to changes in national data reporting standards, it is no longer possible to consistently
distinguish between source countries of gas imports on a national level. This column primarily
represents Norwegian imports but some imports from other countries such as Trinidad Tobago,
Peru, Libya, etc. are included. Net exports are included.
** (-) Injection / (+) Withdrawal.
*** This large figure under Norway & other sources is negative due to Dutch net exports.

-13.5%
6.4%

Natural gas supplies

(or inland consumption calculated)
are defined as: indigenous
production + imports - exports
+ stock changes.

FIGURE 10: BREAKDOWN OF EU-28 SUPPLIES, 2013 AND 2014

2013
libya 1
nigeria 1
qatar
algeria

2014
0.5 trinidad tobago
0.3 peru
0.1 egypt
0.1 oman

34

russia

EUROGAS

libya 1
qatar
algeria

0.7 trinidad tobago

5

0.3 peru

33

indigenous production

27

russia

23

NIGERIA 1

norway & others

indigenous production

27

24

norway & others

Based on data in Exports of Oil & Gas published by the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, November, 2015.

5. LNG imports,2 14
Along with the drop in European gas demand, liquefied
natural gas (LNG) imports also diminished in 2014 (by
15.8%), though not as sharply as in 2013 (29.1%). This
statistical report includes Lithuania for the first time

among the European countries importing LNG, as the

Klaipda terminal became operational at the end of
2014. Qatar remained Europes leading LNG provider with
a share of 47% of the EU LNG imports (see Figure 14).

FIGURE 11: LNG SUPPLIES IN EU-28 AND TURKEY, 2014

FIGURE 12: LNG IMPORTS TO EU-28 AND TURKEY, 2005-2014

TWh - GCV

LNG
net imports

% change
2014/2013

BELGIUM

13.3

-26.2%

FRANCE

69.3

-26.6%

GREECE

7.4

4.0%

48.4

-19.5%

0.5

1400

TWh

ITALY
LITHUANIA*

2200
2000
1800
1600

11.6

26.2%

1200

POLAND**

0.2

100.0%

1000

PORTUGAL

13.9

-29.4%

800

119.9

-31.1%

600

n/a

n/a

400

UNITED KINGDOM

123.9

20.7%

EU-28

408.5

-15.8%

66.5

3.5%

NETHERLANDS

SPAIN
SWEDEN

TURKEY

200
0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Units: Terawatt hours (gross calorific value).

Note: n
 /a: not available.
Excluding re-exports.
* In December 2014, Klaipda LNG terminal started receiving LNG imports
** LNG from terminals in Europe and transferred to Poland by road transport

European LNG imports

European LNG regas capacity

In 2014, 15% of the EUs net imports was made up of

LNG (see Figure 13).

As shown in the light blue bar graph of Figure 12, installed

European LNG import capacity for 2014 stood at 2 195 TWh,2
or 5 times the amount of LNG imported in the same year. This
compares with 2 123 TWh of installed capacity in 2013.3

FIGURE 13: NET IMPORTS TO EU-28 FROM NON-EU COUNTRIES BY TYPE OF TRANSPORT, 2013 AND 2014

2013

2014
16

15

lng

100%

100%

84

pipelines

lng

85

pipelines

FIGURE 14: BREAKDOWN OF EU-28 LNG SUPPLIES, 2013 AND 2014

2013
others
peru
norway
5
5

trinidad tobago

nigeria

4 21

2014
egypt
0.6 oman
0.2 yemen

14

algeria

100%

23

46

qatar

others
peru
5
norway
7
trinidad tobago
nigeria

31

0.4 oman
0.2 egypt

10

100%

algeria

47

qatar

26

The LNG Industry in 2014, The International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers (GIIGNL).
Natural Gas Information, IEA, 2014.
4
Adequate data of this nature is currently not available for our reporting.
2
3

STATISTICAL REPORT 2 15

6. Storage, 2 14

The figures show natural gas storage facilities for peak shaving, seasonal
variations and strategic security of supply. A peak shaving facility is used
to store surplus natural gas to meet demand requirements during peak
consumption periods, typically deep winter or high summer.

FIGURE 15: NATURAL GAS STORAGE IN THE EU-28, SWITZERLAND AND TURKEY, 2014
End 2013

AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA

Number
of storage
facilities
8
2
1
1
0
8
2
0
0
16
51
0
5
1
13
1
0

Working
capacity *

Peak
output**

8 250
1 085
550
553
0
3 517
1 035
0
0
12 894
24 588
0
6 330
230
16 696
2 300
0

94.4
57.0
4.0
5.8
0.0
59.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
265.0
637.0
0.0
73.6
2.7
322.0
30.0
0.0

Number
of storage
facilities
LUXEMBOURG
MALTA
NETHERLANDS
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

0
0
6
9
6
7
2
1
4
1
8
153
n/a
3

Working
capacity *
0
0
12 078
2 915
333
3 050
3 156
2 300
2 457
9
4 528
108 755
n/a
2 859

Peak
output**
0.0
0.0
305.0
41.0
7.2
27.2
45.1
30.0
15.7
0.9
154.0
1 996.0
n/a
58.0

* Units: Million cubic metres.

** Units: Million cubic metres per day.

Note: n
 /a: not available.

In 2014, three new storage facilities were completed in

the EU (an underground facility in the Netherlands, one
salt cavern facility in Poland, and a LNG peak shaving

facility in Portugal). In all, working capacity increased to

111 046 million cubic metres (mcm), and to 2 236.2 mcm
in terms of peak output capacity.

7. Natural gas industry in figures, 2 14

FIGURE 16: GAS INDUSTRY IN FIGURES, 2014
End 2014

AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOURG
MALTA
NETHERLANDS
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

EUROGAS

Total length
of pipelines
(in kilometres)

Number of gas
customers
(in thousands)*

Number
of natural gas
vehicles**

Gas power
generation
capacity installed
(in megawatts)

46 000
74 795
6 710
20 310
0
76 910
17 924
2 880
3 229
232 094
505 000
7 392
89 004
13 685
291 038
6 206
10 507
3 159
0
133 546
189 949
18 502
53 666
35 595
5 515
81 807
3 449
285 600
2 214 471
19 474
85 746

1 349
n/a
74
647
0
2 849
0
52
31
11 268
20 979
325
0
661
23 203
443
562
86
0
7 152
6 852
1 382
n/a
1 506
136
7 556
37
n/a
67 830
0
11 206

9 530
1 770
61 917
284
0
8 055
164
284
1 900
13 450
99 818
1 000
6 181
8
902 800
350
380
306
0
10 278
3 670
503
0
1 500
73
4 590
50 102
698
1 181 433
11 914
4 100

4.889
6 880
990
1 196
0
838
2 800
200
2 842
6 121
28 697
4 900
4 330
3 756
49 023
1 141
2 658
492
0
14 477
1 176
4 991
1 870
1 283
365
26 251
1 946
31 390
205 502
574
n/a

* T he number of gas customers is

counted by the number of meters,
and includes domestic as well
as non-domestic (industrial,
commercial and other) customers,
except in Germany where the
number of domestic customers
is equivalent to the number of
dwellings supplied with natural
gas for heating.
** E
 urogas and NGVA Europe.
Note: Figures are best estimates
available at the time of publication;
n/a: not available.

8. Natural gas reserves, 2 14

FIGURE 18: RESERVES-TO-PRODUCTION (R/P) RATIO
IN 2000 AND 20145

FIGURE 17: GLOBAL GAS RESERVES BY REGION, 20145

NATURAL GAS

60

58
54

south & central america

north america

4 3

western europe
17

africa
asia pacific

100%

50

russia

12

40
30

other cis*

20

middle east

10

42

2014
2000

Total proved reserves at end 2014: 188 tcm

natural gas

* Commonwealth of Independent States.

Global reserves-to-production ratios of gas (years) 5

Unconventional gas, estimated global resources

The reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio represents the

length of time the remaining discovered reserves would
last if production was to continue at the same level of that
year, and if no new reserves were to be discovered.

New advanced production techniques mean that gas can

now be produced from shale rock, coalbeds, and other
tight formations (natural gas in low permeability rock).
It is difficult to predict the additional reserves that will
come from recoverable unconventional resources globally.
It is expected that the volumes of recoverable resources
will be many times higher than those from the reserves
referred to in the figures above.

In 2000, the R/P ratio for gas was about 58 years. By 2014,
the gas R/P ratio had only slightly decreased to 54 years
(see Figure 18). As in other recent years, this reflects
the fact that the discovery of gas has kept pace with the
production and use of gas, as discovery continues, and
as technology has advanced and improved production
efficiencies.

FIGURE 19: RECOVERABLE RESOURCES BY REGION, END 2014

OECD Europe
Eurasia and
Eastern Europe
139

OECD North America

13

18
20

49
7

11

Middle east

51

11

105

15

Coalbed methane
Tight gas
Shale gas
Conventional gas

Asia / Pacific

Africa
Latin America

0
39

40
0

15

51

53 46
21

21

10

28

782 tcm of resources worldwide (Conventional resources: 56.0% Shale gas: 27.2% Tight gas: 10.4% Coalbed methane: 6.4%).
Source: IEA International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook November 2015.
Units: trillion cubic metres

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2015.

STATISTICAL REPORT 2 15

9. Expectations for 2 15
In parallel with the preparations for this report which
primarily concerns 2014 data, Eurogas also carried out
a survey in September 2015 forecasting the 2015 gas
consumption. Our latest estimates indicate that gas
demand across the European Union will increase by
approximately 7% this year, compared with 2014. In the
first half of 2015 demand increased by 9%, compared
with the same period in 2014.

These latest estimates also point to a higher demand

for electricity than in 2014, but energy efficiency and
other alternative energy sources mean less demand
for gas in power generation. As in previous years, the
low price of coal, coupled with a weak carbon price,
have continued to favour coal above gas. However,
hydroelectricity was weaker in some countries in 2014;
a gap in power supply was therefore filled in part by gas.

This increase is largely due to another shift in weather

pattern, where the first half of the year was more
of an average year, while the same period in 2014
was exceptionally warm. To maintain perspective, the
consumption in 2015 will still likely be lower than it
was in 2013. Slow economic recovery persists in many
countries, coal retains its share, as well as oil and
renewables.

Early indications from the Eurogas data also suggest

that gas demand in Europe for the second half of 2015
could again be effected by warmer temperatures.

Mainly due to warm weather conditions demand for gas

in heating in the commercial and residential sectors has
so far experienced the biggest decrease. However, gas
still remains the fuel of choice in the EU for heating and
is likely to remain so thanks to the continued investment
in highly efficient, modern gas appliances that can
deliver significant energy savings and reduce greenhouse
gas emissions throughout Europe.6

6
7

10

EUROGAS

This forecast is, however, based on gas consumption for

heating being at the normal seasonal levels throughout
the year. Market fundamentals that had an impact on
gas consumption in the first half of the year are expected
to continue to be present for the rest of the year. Most
countries see a downward trend in power generation
where a weak price signal for low-carbon electricity is
depressing gas demand.
On this basis, taking 2015 as a whole, gas demand
would correspond to an EU-28 & Switzerland annual
consumption of about 4 760 terawatt-hours or 441 billion
cubic metres.7

See Gas: the right choice for heating in Europe, part I and part II, by Eurogas, Marcogaz and GERG, published September 2014.
Based on terawatt-hours gross calorific value, the applied calorific value of one cubic metre equals 10.8 kilowatt hours is representing
a European average.

1 .The European natural gas grid in 2 15

Pipelines integrated in the European system
existing

Snhvit

under construction, projected or planned

Other pipelines

Reykjavik

existing
under construction, projected or planned
natural gas fields
Mosjen

Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Tornio

LNG receiving terminal in operation

LNG receiving terminal under construction or projected

Heidrun
Asgard

liquefaction plant

Statfjord Gullfaks
Troll

Brent
Frigg

Pori

Oslo

Heimdal

Tallinn

Karmy
Risavika

Paldiski

Stockholm

ra
Sleipner
Britannia

Wyborg

Helsinki
Finngulf

Gvle

Kollsnes

Nynshamn

Draupner

Lysekil

Moscow
Riga

Ekofisk

Klaipda

Tyra

Teesside
Dublin

Copenhagen

Morecambe

Vilnius
Minsk

Swinoujscie
Groningen
Bacton

Milford Haven

Gate

London

Berlin

Zeebrugge

Isle of Grain

Warsawa

Essen
Kiev

Dunkerque
Brussels

Prague

Paris

Montoir

Munich

Vienna

Bern

Ferrol

Gijon

Zaule
Bilbao

Rovigo

Zagreb
Ljubljana

Krk

Tiflis

Bucharest
Sarajevo

Livorno

Lisbon
Sines

Sagunto

Belgrade

La Spezia

Fos
Barcelona Tonkin

Madrid

Chisinau

Budapest

Milan

Monaco

Bratislava

Sofia

Podgorica

Istanbul

Skopje

Rome

Brindisi

Fos
Cavaou
Mallorca

Tirana

Marmara
Ereglisi

Ankara

Aegean

Ibiza
Huelva

Kilis

Aliaga
Izmir

Cartagena

Aleppo
Arzew

Algiers

Athens

Skikda
Tunis

Revithoussa

Porto
Empedocle

Rabat

Nicosia

Homs

Vallelta
Vassilikos

Beirut

Damascus

Hadera
Tel Aviv

Amman

Damietta
Tripoli

Idku

Cairo

STATISTICAL REPORT 2 15

11

Appendix

Definitions and Units

balance. Natural gas data presented in million tonnes of

oil equivalent (Mtoe) is expressed as NCV. For natural gas,
the NCV is 10% less than the GCV.

The gross calorific value (GCV), or higher heating value,

measures the total (maximum) amount of heat that is
produced by combustion, including latent heat before
combustion or generated in the combustion process. The
net calorific value (NCV), or lower heating value, excludes
this latent heat.

Natural gas sales and supplies are stated in terawatt

hours (TWh) because of different national gas qualities.
The data is provided in GCV. When the Eurogas data is
converted into billion cubic metres (bcm), we advise
you to use an assumed energy content of 1 million cubic
metres (mcm) of natural gas of 10.8 kilowatt hours (kWh)
(GCV), which implies that 1 TWh equals approximately
92.6 mcm of natural gas. This corresponds closely to the
weighted average heat content of all natural gas that is
sold in the EU.

Natural gas in international trade is usually measured on

the basis of GCV. Modern technologies in gas combustion
are able to capture the latent heat of condensation. But
since the most current technologies for other fossil fuels
are still not able to recover the latent heat, NCVs need to
be used rather than GCVs when building an energy
Conversion factors
Units glossary
bcm
GJ
GWh
kWh
MBtu
mcm
Mtoe
MWh
m
Pcal
PJ
TWh
toe
tcm

billion cubic metres

gigajoule
gigawatt hour
kilowatt hour
million British thermal units
million cubic metres
million tonnes of oil equivalent
megawatt hour
cubic metres
petacalories
petajoule
terawatt hour
tonnes of oil equivalent
trillion cubic metres

General conversion for units of energy and volume

1 Mtoe = 10 Pcal
1 cubic metre (m)
1 mcm of LNG

41.86 PJ (NCV) = 11.63 TWh (NCV)

35.315 cubic feet (cf)
593 mcm of gas

Eurogas conversion factors from volume to energy units

92.3 mcm gas
1 m of natural gas

1 TWh (GCV)
39 MJ (GCV) = 10.83 kWh (GCV)

Common conversion factors from gross to net calorific value

Natural gas: NCV
0.9 GCV
Oil: NCV
0.95 GCV
Solid fossil fuels: NCV
0.97 GCV
Equivalents
1 gigawatt hour
1 megawatt hour
1 petawatt hour
1 terawatt hour

106 kWh (GWh)

103 kWh (MWh)
1012 kWh (PWh)
109 kWh (TWh)

Heat unit equivalents

GJ
1 Gigajoule (GJ)
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh)
1 Million British thermal units (MBtu)
1 thermie (th)
1 therm

12

EUROGAS

kWh

MBtu

th

therm

277.8

0.948

238.9

9.479

3.6 10-3

3.411 10-3

0.86

3.411 10-2

1.055

293.2

252

10

4.186 10-3

1.162

3.968 10-3

3.968 10-2

0.1055

29.32

1 10-1

25.2

Eurogas is the association representing the European gas wholesale, retail and distribution sectors.
Founded in 1990, its members include 44 companies and associations from 24 countries.
Eurogas represents the sectors towards the EU institutions and, as such, participates in the Madrid Gas
Regulatory Forum, the Gas Coordination Group, the Citizens Energy Forum and other stakeholder groups.
Its members work together, analysing the impact of EU political and legislative initiatives on their business
and communicating their findings and suggestions to the EU stakeholders.
The association also provides statistics and forecasts on gas consumption. For this, the association can
draw on national data supplied by its member companies and associations.
Figures from this report may be used, provided that reference is made to Eurogas as the source.

Eurogas, December 2015 All rights reserved.

Photo credit : Shutterstock (p. cover)

Objectives of Eurogas
To help improve knowledge of natural gas, of its performances and of its use;
To promote the development of natural gas in Europe particularly in the legal, economic, technical
and scientific areas, to prepare studies and to promote cooperation within the gas industry;
To promote the smooth functioning of the European internal gas market and to take stance on issues
of interest to the European natural gas industry with respect to international and supranational
organisations including but not limited to the European Institutions and to public opinion.

EUROGAS
Avenue de Cortenbergh, 172 B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 894 48 48 www.eurogas.org

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