EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

QUIZ 1

1. Retrofitting
2. Seismic Retrofitting
3. Hypocenter - The focal point of an earthquake under the surface of the earth. It
is where the earthquake rupture starts
4. Epicenter The point directly above the hypocenter. It is the focal point of an
earthquake on the surface of the earth
5. Isostasy - The equilibrium between the earths crust and the mantle such that
the crust floats on the surface of the mantle which possesses a viscoelastic
character.
6. Push waves and Shear Waves
7. Push waves Produce longitudinal vibrations of the earths crust. It produces a
relatively mild vibration, and cause less damage. P waves are faster than s waves
8. Shear waves - produce transverse vibration with respect to the direction of travel
9. Special Moment Resistance Frame
10. Base Shear Equation for 1960 UBC
V = KCW
11.
K = measures the strength of the structure against earthquake impact
C = represents the vibration characteristic based on the fundamental
period of the structure
W = total dead load weight of the structure
12. BASE Shear Equation for 1997 UBC

V=

C v IW
RT

2.5C a IW
R

V 0.11 C a IW
W = total seismic dead load
I = building Importance factor
R = Response Modification Factor
Ca = acceleration-dependent seismic coefficient
Cv = velocity-dependent seismic coefficient
T = Elastic Fundamental period of vibration
13. Base Shear Equation for IBC 2000 2012
14. Concrete is considered to be isotropic, high compressive strength but low in
tensile strength.

15. Advantage of Reinforced Concrete

a. Economical Can be constructed of local materials. Stone and sand
aggregates are found near almost any job site.
b. Not Susceptible to Buckling Unlike steel, the structural components of
concrete are relatively robust
c. Easy to Form The continuity of components such as beam-to-column
connection facilitates construction. Cast-in-place concrete is monolithic,
provided we ensure continuity of reinforcement. Both concrete and steel
must be used to form the composite known as reinforced concrete.
16. Disadvantage of Reinforced Concrete

a. The main steps of using reinforced concrete are mixing, casting, and curing.
All of this affect the final strength.
b. Shrinkage causes crack development and strength loss.
17. Modulus of Elasticity
18. Modulus of Rupture
19. Development length is the length of embedded reinforcement required to
develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.
20. Toe
21. Heel
22. Stem
23.
24. Moment Frame in Longitudinal Direction, Shear Walls at Each End in Short
Direction
25. Multistory Buildings with First-Story Shear Walls Not Aligned with Upper Story
Shear Walls