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Matric ID:
SBBI4303
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
NAME
MATRIC ID
PPT/W
Total
/ 178 marks =
/ 10 %
Note:
1. This report must be submitted on the day of practical. Late
submission WILL NOT be entertained.
2. This report constitutes 10% of your continuous assessment.
3. Students failing to submit this report will get ZERO (0) for this part
of continuous assessment.
4. Students who submit after the practical day will get ZERO (0).
5. Plagiarism in all forms is forbidden. Students who submit plagiarized
report will be disqualified.
Matric ID:
Experiment 1
Soil
A. Soil Profile
Materials: PVC column of 1 meter long, vegetative soil, hammer, a piece of wood, container
Procedure:
1. Insert the PVC column into the soil. Place a piece of wood across the PVC column.
2. Apply several blows on the wood to insert the column into the soil.
3. Once the column is fully inserted into the soil, carefully remove the column and place it in a
container.
4. Carefully remove the column to expose the soil profile in the laboratory and examine it.
Results:
Draw and label the soil profile.
[ 2 marks]
Soil Profile
Matric ID:
Questions
1. Which horizon is the most fertile layer? Why?
[4 marks]
[4 marks]
[6 marks]
Total =
/ 16 marks
Matric ID:
[ 2 marks]
Questions:
1. Is there any difference between the soil profile in Experiment A and Experiment B? [2 marks]
[2 marks]
Matric ID:
3. Name TWO (2) methods that can be used to clean this place.
[2 marks]
[6 marks]
Total =
/14 marks
Matric ID:
C. Characteristics of soil
Materials: containers, different soil (type: sandy, loam, clayey) water, tissue papers, marker
i) Soil Texture
Procedure:
1. Take a few soil sample from the beaker.
2. Add some drops of water into it.
3. Feel the texture and record your observations.
Results:
Soil Type
Texture
A
B
C
[ 6 marks]
Total =
/6 marks
Matric ID:
ii) Soil pH
Procedure:
1. Weigh 20g of the soil in a 100ml beaker.
2. Add 20ml of distilled water and stir the mixture for 20 minutes.
3. Determine the soil pH by using the pH meter.
Results:
Soil Type
pH
[6 marks]
Questions
1. Which type of soil is suitable for vegetation? Why?
[4 marks]
[4 marks]
Total =
/14 marks
Matric ID:
Experiment 2
Bacterial Growth
Task:
1. By using the results given below, draw the growth curve of this bacteria by using appropriate
scale.
[8 marks]
Results
Time (hr)
Population Density
3
(10 bacteria/ml)
0
10
0.5
20
1.0
40
1.5
80
2.0
150
2.5
290
3.0
450
3.5
520
4.0
520
4.5
515
5.0
260
Questions
1.
[2 marks]
2.
[4 marks]
Matric ID:
Matric ID:
10
3.
4.
Find the generation time of a bacterial population that increases from 10,000 to 1,000,000 cells
in 2 hours of growth? (use the given formula below)
[6 marks]
Generation time, G =
t =
B =
b =
t
3.3log b / B
[8 marks]
11
Matric ID:
5.
[2 marks]
6.
[2 marks]
Total =
/ 32 marks
Matric ID:
12
Experiment 3
Population demography
Table A, B and C below illustrate the population statistics of three (3) countries in 2004.
Age
0- 4
Male
2,230,772
Female
2,125,453
Age
0- 4
Male
3,105,936
Female
2,952,446
5- 9
2,563,716
2,448,160
5- 9
3,104,985
2,950,959
10- 14
2,641,687
2,533,606
10- 14
3,126,946
2,973,591
15- 19
2,496,242
2,417,572
15- 19
3,468,433
3,304,233
20- 24
2,811,024
2,737,473
20- 24
3,909,460
3,735,018
25- 29
2,915,059
2,827,665
25- 29
4,562,498
4,360,047
30- 34
2,706,359
2,757,138
30- 34
5,057,980
4,851,411
35- 39
2,543,959
2,688,494
35- 39
4,338,613
4,233,931
40- 44
2,321,463
2,505,206
40- 44
3,927,665
3,868,652
45- 49
2,054,445
2,200,758
45- 49
3,914,446
3,890,642
50- 54
1,704,166
1,810,250
50- 54
4,703,329
4,748,744
55- 59
1,302,768
1,380,543
55- 59
4,697,001
4,817,095
60- 64
1,064,142
1,153,832
60- 64
4,117,839
4,387,062
65- 69
874,388
981,740
65- 69
3,416,937
3,818,012
70- 74
635,770
740,781
70- 74
2,882,591
3,473,494
75- 79
388,517
481,228
75- 79
2,090,099
2,861,615
80+
282,130
404,931
80+
1,779,563
3,901,729
Table A: Country A
Table B: Country B
Source: US Census Bureau, 2005
13
Matric ID:
Age
Male
Female
0- 4
3,650,838
3,384,841
5- 9
4,057,603
3,758,829
10- 14
4,626,818
4,328,637
15- 19
4,655,925
4,398,040
20- 24
4,263,771
4,114,804
25- 29
3,695,630
3,570,729
30- 34
3,319,120
3,334,939
35- 39
2,991,770
3,045,280
40- 44
2,711,344
2,885,819
45- 49
2,086,545
2,355,769
50- 54
1,388,180
1,654,777
55- 59
890,898
1,087,150
60- 64
714,934
947,144
65- 69
638,707
889,260
70- 74
567,598
796,614
75- 79
358,859
579,747
80+
294,860
617,021
Table C: Country C
Tasks:
1. Tabulate the data into percentages for each country.
[15 marks]
2. Draw the demography chart showing the population of these three countries based on the
information given.
[15 marks]
Matric ID:
Age
14
Male (%)
Female (%)
Age
0- 4
0- 4
5- 9
5- 9
10- 14
10- 14
15- 19
15- 19
20- 24
20- 24
25- 29
25- 29
30- 34
30- 34
35- 39
35- 39
40- 44
40- 44
45- 49
45- 49
50- 54
50- 54
55- 59
55- 59
60- 64
60- 64
65- 69
65- 69
70- 74
70- 74
75- 79
75- 79
80+
80+
Total
Total
Table A: Country A
Male (%)
Female (%)
Table B: Country B
15
Matric ID:
Age
Male (%)
Female (%)
0- 4
5- 9
10- 14
15- 19
20- 24
25- 29
30- 34
35- 39
40- 44
45- 49
50- 54
55- 59
60- 64
65- 69
70- 74
75- 79
80+
Total
Table C: Country C
Matric ID:
16
Matric ID:
17
Matric ID:
18
19
Matric ID:
3. Characterize the level of development of the countries in Table A, B and C.
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
5. Based on the patterns among the three (3) demographies, will Country A and Country C place
more emphasis on environmental issues? Why?
[6 marks]
Total =
/ 42 marks
Matric ID:
20
Experiment 4
Municipal Solid Waste
Weight the municipal solid waste (MSW) provided in Table 4.1 and answer the following questions.
Table 4.1: Percentages of dry MSW disposed from three different socioeconomic areas in Selangor.
Socio-economic status (%)
Composition
A
Weight
B
%
Weight
C
%
Weight
Papers
Plastics & rubbers
Glass & ceramics
Food wastes
Textiles
Gard en wastes
Wood
[6 marks]
Questions
1. Draw a bar graph to represent the MSW composition.
[6 marks]
[6 marks]
Matric ID:
21
Matric ID:
22
[6 marks]
4. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle are collectively known as 3R. Why reduce is given more emphasis?
[6 marks]
Total =
/ 30 marks
23
Matric ID:
Experiment 5
Water Quality
Materials:
Beakers, markers, pipe water, industrial wastewater, landfill leachate, pond water, pH
meter, DO meter, turbidity meter
Procedure:
Task:
1. Observe and record the following parameters:
a. colour
b. turbidity
c. smell
d. presence of macro-organisms
e. pH
f. oxygen level
Results
Pipe water
Industrial
wastewater
Landfill
leachate
Pond water
Colour
Turbidity
Smell
Macroorganisms
pH
Oxygen level
[6 marks]
Matric ID:
24
Questions
1. Based on your observations, what type of water is suitable for aquatic organisms? Why?
[6 marks]
[6 marks]
3. If the turbidity level increases in pond water, what type of organisms will increase? Why?
[6 marks]
Total =
/ 24 marks