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I —

f^

OABpew^'''
AN

ENG.-HmD. VOCABULARY
OF 3000 WORDS

FOR HIGHER STANDARD AND PROFICIENCY CANDIDATES

OR

"THE RIGHT WORD IN THE RIGHT PLACE/'

BY

LiEUT.-CoLONEL D. C. PHILLOTT, F.A.S.B.,

Secretary and Member, Board of Examiners ; Fellow of the Calcutta


University; Author of Hindustani ManvM, Hindustani
Stumbling- Blocks etc., etc.
,

CALCUTTA:
PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
1911.

All rights reserved.


CARPENTIRI^
pl<-

?S
\1

TO
THE 40TH (SECOND SOMERSETSHIRE) REGIMENT,

NOW THE 2ND BATTALION SOUTH LANCASHIRE

REGIMENT, THIS LITTLE BOOK

IS AFFECTIONATELY

DEDICATED.

M191397
PREFACE
In vocabulary, 5184 English words are represented by less
this little
than 3000 Hindustani colloquial ones. With the exception of one or two
useful technical terms, the list contains only the common words of the

everyday speech of the illiterate.


These words have not been merely selected from the dictionaries.
Each word has been subjected to many tests and an attempt, which
;

it is hoped will be considered successful, has been made to give the exact

meaning or apphcation of each word, and to show how its common


synonyms differ in their shades of
meaning. It is beheved that a careful
study of this vocabulary will materially help the student to use the right
word in the right place.
Considerations of expense required the employment of the Roman
character alone. This, however, should prove no stumbling-block.
My thanks are due to Shams-ul-'Ulama*Mawlavi Muhammad Yiisuf
Ja'fari, Khan Bahadur, for continuous help in the preparation of the

vocabulary, and also to Muhammad Kazim Shirazi who assisted in the

correction of the proofs.


D. C. P.
Calcutta :

August, 1911,
INTRODUCTION.
The English language is certainly the most neglected and the most
carelessly spoken and written language in Europe,
If candidates for the Lower Standard and Higher Standard in Hindu-

knew English better, failures in the exercise (i.e. the translation from
stani

EngHsh into Hindustani) would be -proportionately less. The following


remarks may at first appear to deal only with the English language, but

they appty in reality to all languages and most examinees, ;


and not a few
of their teachers, will benefit by a careful study of them^

Nearly every word acquires many secondary meanings in addition to


'
its primary meaning. Charge
'
is derived from a Latin word meaning a
car, and to primary meaning of, to burden (connected also with carry,
its

cargo, and caricature), it adds secondary meanings of, to fill; to occupy;

impute or register as a debt to fix the price of to accuse to intrust


; ; ; ;

to commission to command to exhort


;
to give directions to (a jury)
; ; ;

'
tomake an onset. Entertain means to support
'
to receive into the ;

home and treat with hospitality to engage the attention of agreeably, to


;

amuse ;
to take into consideration ;
to maintain in the mind with favour ;

to harbour; to cherish (sentiments); to accept (a petition) ;


to listen (to
'
means to take hold of by the
'
a suit). Apprehend to arrest a person ;

mind, to understand to entertain suspicion or fear of to conceive to


; ; ;

believe or be of opinion, etc. Comedy is derived from komos a banquet


(at which the guests lay down) and odos a song and comedy signified at
;

first songs sung at banquets :


comedy and cemetery have really the same
root.^

The meanings of words change because the hfe of the people changes.
Great inventions, great industrial improvements, cause great changes in
language. Great social and political events do the same the French :

Revolution had a direct influence on language. The superficially educated,


too, not only alter the forms of words, but also adapt them to homely
'

Policy once meant only the art of ruling men to-day every
'

meanings. :

Imagination and meta-


small tradesman speaks of his policy in business.

phor Greek
(a word meaning transportation) play an important part in
the development, and consequently in the change of meaning, in words:
in fact language develops chiefly by the metaphorical process, i.e., by
1
Vide Abbott's "English Lessons," etc., etc.
VIU INTRODUCTION.

applying to one thing a word that strictly belongs to another ;


words first

applied to material things are transported to things that are not material
' '
at all. The epithets polished or brilliant applied to the style of a
* '

writer are to-day hardly regarded as metaphorical. Even the commonest


and now everyday words have undergone this metaphorical change.
Coimected with this metaphorical process in the growth of language is the
'
use of slang.*
Indians are proverbially litigious. It would be difficult to find a

villager who owned even half an acre of land, who had not, ai some time
or other, been engaged in a law-suit. There is on record a case where
one villager sued another for driving off his cattle, and produced a horde
of witnesses. The defendant admitted the charge, but urged that the
cattle were feeding on his crops he produced an even greater number of
:

witnesses. At length it was discovered that the plaintiff owned no cattle


and the defendant no crops. Litigation has had its effect on the language,
and even the most illiterate will use glib corruptions of high-sounding law-

terms. Words like tarafayn (Arabic dual) " the


two parties and farlq-i
"
san% " the other party," etc., etc., are used by even the most vulgar, as
also the Arabic broken plurals fiiqard*, umard^, mandfi' and some others. '

Now from what has been said previously, it is obvious that the
changes in meaning of a word in one language, will not exactly correspond
with the changes in meaning in another. Consequently it is impossible to
render exactly any one word in a language, by any one word in another.
Before a word can be translated, its exact meaning or apphcation in the
context must be grasped. Strange to say, candidates oftener make mis-
'
takes in common nouns than in verbs. Peace means tranquillity of
'

mind as well as a cessation of hostihties, and it is in the former meaning


that the word used in the Muslim salutation As-saldm"'alay-kum (Arabic)
is
*'
the Peace be on you." That candidates should have translated this by
turn par sulh ho ^ f^*^ji (' may be understandable, but what was sur-
prising was that a Muhammadan munshi could have been found bold
enough to maintain that because in the dictionary mlh was the first word
'

given under Peace,' therefore the translation just given was a right
At any rate the case of a candidate who translated Sepoy Ram
* '
one.
was no him " Rdm
Singh match for by Sipdhl Singh us ki diwd-sald,t na
thd must be considered hopeless he should be awarded
;
an old-age pension.
A teacher assumes that his pupil has some education and some intelligence.
In,
" He looked —
up to Heaven and said ," the word lieaven must be
' '

rendered by dstnan, sky, and not by bihisht, which means Paradise. The

Pronounced by the vulgar mahafa\ Muluk, mala*ik and a few more


1 are in
coHimon colloquial use amongst the educated.
INTRODUCTION. IX

criticism that the sentence "Examine them singly" un se ek ek karke

puchho misleading, because a pupil used this phrase for the examination
is

of saddles, is, if one might say so, hypercritical. Puchhnd means to ask,
enquire, and it ought to be evident, even to a beginner, that this verb

cannot be applied to saddles or horses.


Speaking exactly, languages that have developed have no exact
synonyms but in the unsteady languages of the lowest tribes, whose
;

whole vocabulary may perhaps change during a single man's lifetime, this
is not the case.
Even when two words are identical in meaning, there is, in language,
a constant tendency to differentiate their meanings. Occasionally the
difference in use is one of construction only, as commence and begin, or end
and finish.
'

Shakl, sural, and munh may all mean and be translated


'

visage or
*
face*' but the first properly means form, the second appearance, and the
third face. It is correct to say munh dho-lo, but not shakl or surat dho-lo.
A certain Hindustani translation was returned by a military officer
'
with the criticism that the word '

ignorance should not have been rendered


by Id-'ilmi ^*^c^, the word being high-flown and unintelligible to sepoys,

but by the commoner word nd-ddnt ^>tilj. It was stated that the opinions
of experienced officers had' been taken. Now this objection alone proves
the danger of trusting blindly to a dictionary. The English word
'

igno-
'
rance must be rendered by at least three Hindustani words according to
'

its meaning. Nd-ddnl <« L^IJ means ignorance as opposed to


'
wisdom ;

'

jahalat ^\=^ means ignorance as opposed to enlightenment while Id-'ilml '


;

^>*il)
means ignorance of a matter, being uninformed
. or unacquainted
with an occurrence. Be-khabari ^j^ ^^^. has also, incorrectly, the same
meaning as Id-Hlml, but properly it means " unguardedness or careless-
ness." All four words are intelligible to uneducated Muslims and ev^ii
tomost Hindu chaprasis. In the translation in question nd-ddnl would
have been a grave error.
Illiterate Indians have a far wider vocabulary than is generally
supposed.
Eozy,) Pers. means a day, i.e. a space of 24 hours. Din ^^ Hindi
means either a space of 24 hours, or else the hours of daylight, and
hence metaphorically sun. Therefore din ke waqt d,o must be said and not
roz ke waqt d,o.

Mistakes are commonly made Mdngnd


'
in translating the verb ask.'
Ul)U is to 'ask for ''

while puchhnd ^J^^^ is "enquire." To ask for


to
— —
;

pardon must therefore be expressed by mdngnd and not puchhnd. He ' '

asked his master is


' '
se 'arz kl (or —
darkhipdst — kl). For,
' '
ask my friend
to do this," kahnd must be used.
X INTRODUCTION.

A interpreters at Courts Martial


pitfall for is the word
repeat."
**

Bat duhrdna means to repeat the same thing a second time, or to


repeat a thing to a third person. ''Repeat after me" should be
rendered by jo main kahtd jd,uh turn bhl duhrate-jd,o (or kdhte-jd,o)
(^^ ^
nor
or ^U. Lt^^ ^^i ^ o!j'^ l^V e^-J^ >^- ^^ "^t say hamdre plchhe
hamdre
)

bolo, plchhe duhrd,o.


Not only do Muslims and Hindus often use different words for the
same common concrete object as for instance '

key,'
'
but often there is a
slight difference implied in the meaning, thus nadt in Hindi is the equiva-
lent of daryd in Persian ;
but in Urdu nadi always means a stream or a
5ma// river :
chift-mdr "a bird-catcher" means a Hindu bird-catcher
while mtr-shikdr always means a Muslim one.

Occasionally the infinitive of a verb has to supply the place of a


' '

missing noun thus fath ^'^> means


;
capture as well as victory and
' '

can be used for the capture of a town but for the capture of, say ;

elephants, the infinitive phasdnd liU^j must be substituted.


Of some words in this vocabulary it will be found that the root at
known, thus from the Persian khdna «!wLk "house" (in
least is already

Urdu chiefly used in compounds) is formed the adjective and substantive


khunagi ^J^^ meaning "domestic" and also a "low prostitute"; and
from the Hindi gr^ar^^s^ "house" is formed the adjective gharelu ^jj$
"domestic" (of animals only).
It will be found that many of the Hindustani equivalents of seemingly

English words are already known, as for


*
difficult disclaim,' da'wq se

hdth uthdnd ^^1 a^^U <^ li^y^.


Sometimes the simple word only is given,' as for circumlocution, pher
ki hat oIj L»^^i4J, the properword tor circumlocution being too literary.
So too with age kd soch nahm (^^ ;J
* '

^ >-» ^ <f f is
Imprudent ; given
instead of the better but high-flown nd-'dqibat-andesh ^rJ^^Jt o^Ut.
Donot be contented with looking up a word and accepting the first
equivalent without understanding exactly its meaning. For instance
drdm-talab ^Jlb ^ijf and aysh-pasand ^-o Ji*^o may both mean
' " luxuri-
" and the latter
ous," but the former means " loving- ease "loving-
pleasure."Again, though pdyddr ;iJ^b and der-pd b^Ji both mean
'

lasting,* is a great difference


there for the former applied to things ;

means "permanent " (i.e. lasting for many years as buildings, etc.), while
the latter means " lasting for some little time
"
(as cloth, shoes, etc.).
Much unnecessary labour will be saved if the chapter on intensive
" "
compound verbs in my Hindustani Manual (p. 80) is mastered, as

I Hindus
say chabl, H., while Muslims usually use kunji, H. Kalld Pers. is, in
Urdu, used only metaphorically.
INTRODUCTION. XI

may be seen by studying the words for "abolish" [utha-dend Iv^ l^jf ,

and " postpone " {uthd-rakhna U^j U5f ).


Hindustani is a dramatic language ;
therefore use dramatic tenses
and dramatic compounds whenever you can. Not to do so, is to be
unidiomatic.
Let me again remind candidates that translating is expressing the
thought and idiom of one language in the thought and idiom of another.
To '
cast pearls before swine
'
is in Hindustani '
to play a lute before a
buffalo.' '

Some '

practical men '


who style those that disagree with them

purists and pedants, have suggested, that as sepoys use vulgar and
incorrect forms, these incorrect forms only should be inserted in a

vocabulary for military officers. Let me here point out to these critics,
that if a word has more than one form, it is as well to learn the
correct form there is generally only one correct form, while the corrupt
;

forms vary with the district. I should, too, like to ask these critics
whether, if they were compiling an elementary English Vocabulary for
the use of foreign officers attached to a British Regiment, they would
insert such forms as 'ot and acrost instead of hot and across. It is not
for a moment insinuated that vulgar or archaic forms are uninteresting
or valueless, but it is maintained that they are out of place in a beginner's
vocabulary.
A much interested in Hindustani suggested that a collo-
staff officer

quial dictionary should be compiled in which each English word should


be rendered by one Hindustani word and one only, and that too some
word understood from Cape Comorin to Peshawar. I think I have given
sufficientexamples to show why any one word in a language can seldom
be correctly rendered by any one word in another but I leave it to the ;

propagandists of Esperanto to reply to the second part of the suggestion.


I was once requested by a staff officer to translate a pamphlet
into Hindustani might be intelligible to sepoys, I was
; and, that it

directed to use no Persian or Arabic words. Now the commonest words


Kitdb a book is Arabic and is used by
are often Arabic or Persian.
Muslims and Hindus ahke, while the Hindi pothl amongst Hindus
means book but amongst Muslims the Hindu scriptures the San*
' '
:

skrit pustak is unintelligible to Muslims. The Persian mard and the


^
Arabic ac^m* are commoner than the Sanskrit manush or the Kindi manus.
The Arabic word 'aurat,^ which in Urdu means 'woman,' is certainly

Bhains ke age bin hajana.


1

derived from the Arabic Adam the first man.


^ i.e.
S The Arabic root signifies to be blind \hence in Arabic 'awrat
* '
; signifies those
parts which it is abominable to expose, the pudenda.
Xll INTRODU( rr<»\

commoner than the Sanskrit istri. The omitting from Hindustani of all
Arabic and Persian words, may be compared to the omitting from English
of all words of Latin and Greek origin.

Every sense has a memory. As many senses as possible should be


brought to bear on the learning of a word or phrase. When tho sound of
a word has been learnt by the ear and has been practised by the tongue,
it should further be committed to memory by noting its appearance in
print and in writing. Ear, tongue, eye, hand, and " the memory niside
"
your tummy are thus all exercised. Even the senses of taste and smell
can be pressed into this service. You are not likely to forget that htng '

means asafoetida, if you taste and smell the substance when first learning
This is, of course, an extension only, of thp direct method.'
'
its name.

Whenlooking out a word, the student must not take the first equi-
valent he meets: he should not only read tlirough all the equivalents

given for one English word, but also all those given under EngHsh words
from the same root. He should, further, refer to any reference that may
be given to another word.
The system employed is the Hunterian.^
of transliteration To
tiansliterate must be borne in mind that every letter in the
correctly, it

Persian and Arabic alphabets is a consonant and that the weak consonants

alif, ivdw, and ya become vowels only when they are letters of prolonga-

tion, i.e. only when the letter preceding them is pointed with a short

analogous vowel. There are properly speaking no diphthongs, except in


Hindi. ^
The word maulavl for instance should be transhterated rrmwlavi *
and 'aib should be transliterated 'ayh. Candidates generally misunder-
stand the consonant ayn p it is a vowel and to be trans-
'

they think ( ) :

hterated by 'a. This is a very great error. The sign for e is an inverted

comma only. Note the way the word »-i-jUr is transliterated. First the

consonant represented by an inverted comma then the kasra or zer


& is ;

by i\ ^hy n; then the jathah or zahar over the nun by a and


then the ;

then, as the alif prolongs this sound of a, a long accent is added over it,
thus a next the alif (here a vowel) is silent,' i.e. it is not followed by a
;
'

short vowel; next the consonant <^ is represented by y\ the faihah over
1
H\ng f}a,i magar ics kl bu na ga,l isa proverb.
5 It sliould be n;>ted that the final a of Hindi masculine nouns often becomes
in Urdu a, thus raja becomes raja.
Thus it is better to transliterate
'^
% by hai than by h'ly, which latter is not

the correct pronunciation, than by the Urdu j^*. To get over a difficulty the

word is usually written ^


which however should be pronounced he. Hence in
,

some modern Urdu books half a l5" is adopted to express the (final) ai diphthong of

the Hindi.
* In Hindi, however, it is correct to write au.
INTRODUCTION. xHi

the ishy a; and the ^ by t :


Hnayat. Similarly with ^^^, hi: first comes h ;

then short i (the kasra), which is then prolonged into i by the ?/. A^
/
also prolongs the sound of _£__, thus y tu. The o sound is peculiar to
'

Hindi (or old Persian) as in y to. This o is a Hindi sound and has no
corresponding letter in the Arabic alphabet. A ^ not preceded by any
short vowel has been adopted for the sound. A similar rule holds good
with regard to the e sound of ^.
Hamza
generally represented by a comma on the line.
is It is not
a bad plan to give its Arabic form in the Romanized word, thus ja^ida. If

a whole tome has been written on the Greek particle de, several tomes could
be written on the Arabic hamza. In Arabic, the sign hamza (but not the
•sound) is an additional letter of the alphabet. In Urdu it may be

regarded simply as a hyphen, to be used when one syllable ends in what


we consider a vowel, and tlie next begins with one. Thus i^* " became "
is huwa, but I*>a (the Punjabi form) is hu,a. There is no hamza in Hindi.
The greater number of words in Hisdustani are masculine
Most Hindi concrete nouns in a are masculine, as kutta " dog," Bdjd
(or Raja).
Most Arabic and Persian nouns of three letters, and ending in a, are
feminine, as hawd Ar. ( [>* ) " wind," sazd Pers. (fj^) '* punishment."
Hindi diminutives in yd are feminine, as chiryd, any " small bird,"
' ' ' '

dihyd a small box.


Most Hindi abstract nouns d are feminine, as pujd " Hindu wor-
in

ship," dayd "kindness." (No feminine word in d, whether Arabic,


Persian, or Hindi, is inflected in the oblique cases singular).
All nouns ending in pan are masculine.
Nouns ending in silent i (a) are usually masculine, as shuhra {tj^^)
' '
' '
fame.
' '
Such words as malika
' '

queen and sdhiba are of course femi-

nine. This final », silent in Urdu and Persian but not silent in Arabic, is in

Arabic a feminine termination, and before a vowel is in Arabic pronounced


t : hence in Urdu it is often changed into e», and in this case the word is
" fame "
feminine in Urdu, as shuhrat f. (identical with shuhra m.). Tauha
"
repentance, sura a chapter of the Quran," and fdtiha are feminine.
Most nouns ending in ?, in t not a radical letter'' (Arabic), or in t
^ "
preceded by a short vowel, are feminine, as roil f. bread," daulal f.
" " '

wealth, fortune the state,' hat i.


; obstinacy."

" unknown "


1 The o and e sounds were called by the Arabs when they con-
quered Persia as these vowel sounds are not found amongst the Arabs. They are
also not found in modern Persian though retained in Indian and Afghan Persian.
2 In maut m. Ax., the t is radical.

motl m. " pearl


' ' '
dahi m. ' ' ' * '
S Some are panl m. *' water curds
" exceptions
; ;
" washerman " are of course masculine.
;

(jhl m. /i ; life, soul." Svich nouns as dhohi


XIV INTRODUCTION.

Nouns ending in t
preceded by a long alif are generally masculine, as
hat m. market place (for weekly or bi-weekly market).
Most Hindi Verbal nouns obtained by dropping the infinitive termina-
tion are feminine, as mar f. *' beating." Hence Persian verbals are all
'*
feminine, as zad beating."
Hindi verbals in o and w are masculine, as chaThd,o m. "ascent,"
'*
chalan m, gait, character."
Most nouns, abstract or concrete, in d,o are masculine, as ghdfi, pild,o,
*' '* **
cUd,o'' bon-fire," etc. but wa,o ship ;
is feminine and chd,o affection."
Persian ver?)a/5 in sh are feminine, as ddnish "wisdom," koahish
••
endeavour."
The gender of an Arabic, Persian, or English word is, in Hindustani,
often determined by the gender of the Hindi Synonym fahm Ar. is :

feminine on account of the Hindi sarnajh chashm Pers. is feminine on ;

account of the Hindi dnkh and la,in Eng. is feminine on account of


;

lakir. This rule does not generally apply if the word has a masculine
form. Kamdn " command " is feminine because kamdn "bow is.^ ' '

Arabic words of the form or measure Jj^>^ are feminine, as to' Z*m
**
(^JUj) teaching, instruction," but «^ij^*3 an amulet is masculine.
Arabic words in Hindustani of other forms or measures are mascuUne
or feminine according to their measure, but their gender in Urdu has no
connection with their gender in Arabic. Detailed rules will be found in
the grammars.
Many words fall under no rule. Some few words vary in gender

according to their meaning, so that the gender alone indicates *heir mean-
ing.
Many words are of common gender as dushman, dost, madad-gdr
etc.

The following Persian verbals are common in compounds used in


" '*
colloquial sdz'' making
: from the Persian verb to make," Sbsghan-sdz
' * ' '
watchmaker.
Bdz "playing" as batte-bdz "a Juggler" (ht. player with small
round boxes).
" as Nash^a-khwdr *' one that takes
Khivdr or khor " eating, intoxi-
' '
cants haldl-khor a euphemism for a Muslim sweeper.
;

Ddr " holding, having," as zarmn-ddr "landowner or land-holder" ;

par-ddr "winged."
Bar-ddr " carrying,
" as "
huqqa-harddr
*

pipe-bearer (a servant who


prepares the huqqa and carries it on a journey, etc.).
'
not clear why botal, Eng., *' bottle
'
1 It is is feminine.
2 Arabic words of five
letters, the first being «, and the last but one y, are of this
form, and the remaining three letters are the root of the word.
INTRODUCTION. XV

Band "fastening, as na'l-band *'


a shoeing- smith
"
tying, etc.," ;

izdr-band " trouser-band."


Parwar ''cherishing," as ghanh-parwar " cherisher of the poor."
'
Bakhsh giving,' as Khuda-hakhsh.
* '

*'
Go "saying," a& ziydda-go a babbler, one that babbles too much."
Nishm " "
sitting," as sadr-nishln sitting in the sadr or presidential
seat, chairman."
Bin * ' '
as dur-hin " far-seeing also a telescope or binoculars
"
seeing,' ; ;

zarra-hm "atom-seeing," i.e. " a "


miscroscope.
Gir " taking, seizing," a,s *dlam-glr wabd" a widely-spread pestilence."
*

Alam-glr is also an epithet for an Emperor.


Kan " " " a " muhr
digging," as gor-kan grave-digger," also badger ;

kan " a seal-cutter."


" "
Bdf weaving," as qdlin-bdf carpet- weaver."
" "
Shinds knowing," as Khudd-shinds pious."
Nawdz "soothing" (also playing on a musical instrument), as

banda-nawdz = tiesitmg kindly.


Farosh " selling," as mewa farosh
" fruit-seller."
" " shoes
" " cover."
Posh wearing," as pd-posh sar-posh ; lid,
"
Ydb " obtaining," as kam-ydb rare."
Others, not so common are also in use.
The Persian past participle also occurs in common colloquial, as ydfta
"having obtained," in ta'llm-ydfta "educated," pinshan-ydjta "pen-
sioned."
Certain letters are peculiar to Hindi, or to Persian, or to Arabic
words vide " Hind. Man," p. xvi. A munshi whose name
: is Ahmad can-

not be a Hindu, while Jaganndth cannot be a Muslim.

D. C. P.
English = Hindustani Vocabulary.

Abandon, chhor-dend, gen. : dil se dur karna (of ideas).

Abate, kam karna; ghatnd, intr., and ghatdna, tr.

Abduct, le-bhdgnd, gen. (of people or things) ; le-urnd, met.


(ditto) vide Elope.

Abet, madad dend; pushti karna: vide Incite.


Ability, liydqat: qdhiliyat.
Able, qdhil; ld,iq, adj.
Ablution, wuzu (k.) (relig.): munh hdth dhond :
ghusl karna, gen. to bathe.
Abnormal, ma'mul ke hhildf ; or ma^mul se ziydda or kam.
hhoXish, uthd-dend; mauquf karnd {8b\so = to dismiss, stop, adjourn): vide
Cancel .

Abominable, nihdyat makruh {i.e., very objectionable).


'

Abortion, pet or haml girdnd, cause an .

Abound, kasrat se hond.

About, idhar udhar, here and there : ird gird or chdron taraf, on all sides :
qarib qarib or ko,%, nearly, q.v. ;
-ke bdre men or -H hdbat (concerning).

Above, -ke upar : sab se


pahle, above all: m^zkur (above) mentioned.
Abroad, bdhar, adv. and prep. pardes, subs., foreign country.
:

Abrogate, vide Cancel and Abolish.


Abscond, bhdgnd; firdr hond: rafu chakkar hond (disappear suddenly).
Absconder, firdri.
Absence ghayr-hdzirt.
Absent, ghayr-hdzir.
Absolute, mutlaq: mukhtdr-i-kull.
Abstain, kisi chtz se bdz rahnd, to abstain from doing or committing (but —
bdz dnd to desist from) —
se parhez karnd, gen.
:

Abundant, kasrat se.


Abuse, gall dend (prop, filthy, but not of harsh words) fuhsh gdli sundnd
:

(filthy) :
gait galauj {mutual filthy abuse) burd bhald kahnd (ordinary
:

abuse or harsh words).


Abusive, ganda-zabdn ; munh-chhut.
Accent, lahja (in language) : zor (stress).

Acceptable, pasand; pasand ke ld,iq.


Acceptance, qabul {h. and k.), gen., (of prayer, or anything): vide Ap-
proval, etc.
ACC 2 ACT

Accessory, vide Partner.


Accommodation, jagahy f. :
gnnjayishy f. ; sama^ly f. (also access).

Access, samd,t, f.(met., to places); ra8d,t, f., and pahunch, f. (to persons
and places) ; pahunchnd (to have access to).
Accident, /»adt«a; 'vide 'Event: f^t/ag, chance.
Accompany, sdth jdnd ( him or them; to go with); — sdth chalnd (to start
with me) sdth ho-lend (to come along with).
;

Accomplice, vide Partner, Companion.


Accomplish, purd kamd.
Accomplished, kdmil (of people ;
lit.
perfect).

Accomplishment, hunar {jdnnd) gen. (mental or other) , ;


kamdl rakhnd, gen.,
(ditto).

According to ,
— ke mutabiq — ke muwdfiq. ;

Accordingly, chundnchi.
Accost, toknd {also to challenge of sentries; find fault with, check).
Account, hisdh, m. (likhnd) (of money) baydn, m. (narration)
: : kist tarah
nahm (on no account) : hisdb chukdnd or he-bdq kamd (to settle
accounts).

Account-book, hisdh-bahi.
Accountable, jawdb-dih (responsible).
Accoutrements, kil-kdntd, n., mil. (in eludes arms; also met. = *
various
belongings ').
Accumulate, jama* k. (or A.).

Accuracy, sihhat, f. (also good health) : durust or each hond.

Accurate, thik ; durust; sahth.


Accusation, ilzdm, m., gen., (lagdnd) : tuhmat, f. {lagdnd) (false charge).
Accused, mulzam : vide' Prisoner,
*

Accuser, ndlishi or faryddt (complainant).


Accustom, *ddat ddlnd.
Ache, vide Pain.
Acid, khattd, adj. :
tezdb, m. (for burning) :
khatd,i, subs, (acidity).
Acknowledge, iqrdr or qabul kamd (a fault) : mdnnd (a fault, a king, a
saint).
50 Acme, bhondd-pan us par JchMm hai, he is the acme of ugliness.

Acquaintance, muldqdti dshnd jdn pahchdn kd ddmi or saldm 'alayki


; ; ;

(Panj.) (all = the person) vide Information, Knowledge. :

Acquire, hdsil kamd.


Acquit, bari kamd ; be-gundh thahrdnd.
Acquittal, khaldsl or chutkdrd (or release).
Acrobat, nat, m. and natni, f.
(prop, a caste).
Across,
— ke pdr, prep. drd-tirchhd, adj. and adv.
:

Act, — H sdng bharnd, to play the part of *amal kamd


to, :
(of action).
ACT 3 ADO

Act, qdnun, and ikat (law) : khudd k% bat or Ichudd,i kdr-khdna, act of
God.
Action, kiyd ; 'amal, m. fi'l, m. (also
= verb): harakai
; (spec, bad ac-
tion; also in a general sense = movement).

Active, chust ; chust o chdldk ; [chdldk alone generally means cunning*

sharp]: phuriild (also smart): chustl and phurtl, subs., activity:


chdldfci activity (aZ5o = sharpness, trickery).

Actual, haqiqi ; asU.

Actually, haqiqat men.

Acute, tez-jahm (in intellect) : shadtd (violent, intense, severe).

Acuteness, tez-fahml (of understanding) : shiddat (of pain, severity, inten-


sity, violence).

Add, \ jornd (also = to mend) jama' karnd (also = to collect) kushdda: :

Addition, j karnd, lit. to widen (to add to a house, garden, etc.) \jam4i' :

subs., f. addition].
Address, nishdn (also = sign; signal; mark; trace; banner; nishdna =
target): nam o nishdn: patd (also = trace) thikdnd (also = resting- :

place ; limit) :
patd, thikdnd.
Address, to, kisi ko mukhdtab karnd, to speak to.
Adhere, chipaknd or satnd (as of a stamp) bdt par arnd or jamnd (to ad-

:

here to one's opinions) lagd-Uptd rahnd ( to a person or to opin-


:

ions).
Adherence, pairavi (relig.) ; Idg lapet, f.

Adherent, pairau (follower of) :


Idgu ; taraf-ddr.

Adhesive, chipakne-wdld.
Adieu, to bid, se rukhsat hond— : Khudd Hdfiz kahnd (to say
'
God be thy
guardian ') widd' karnd. :

Adjacent, ds pas kd(all around) baghal kd. :

Adjoin, us kd ghar mere ghar se mila hu,d hai his house adjoins mine =
baghal men.
Adjourn, to, uthd-rakhnd ; (but uthd-dend to abolish).
"
Adjournment, ^osmaTi," Eur. (of cases).
Administer, intizdm, m.
Admire, waq'at kl nigdh se dekhnd, vide Approve and Praise.
Admit, dne dend (a person) mdn-lend or qabul karnd allow. :

Admonish, samjhdnd : nasViat karnd.'


Adopt, god men lend (a child ;
lit. to take into the lap ) :
ikhtiydr karnd
(a measure, idea).

Adopted, pdlak an adopted child.


Adore, —
ki Hbddat karnd (of God) vide Worship mdh apne bete par jdn : :

detl hai the mother adores her son vide Dote and Devoted, ;

Adorn, drdsta karnd ; drd,ish d.


Adorned, drdsta band,o singdr kiye hu,e (for woman) ba7i than-ke (tricked
; ;

out ; too smartly dressed of prostitutes or fops). ;


ADU 4 AGR

Adult, baligJt : siyana (also = cunning) ; nau-jawdn (from 17 to 25 about).

^^*of mildnd ; {khotd opposed to khard pure).


/LA^lf^^^*A f

Adultery, zind, f. (k.) ;


zind-kdri {k.) (also
= fornication).
Advance, age barhnd, age dend (of money) intr. : : vide Promote and Inter-
est peshgi, f. an advance of pay.
:

Advantage, fd,ida (uthdnd) nafa' : nafa' nuqsdn profit and loss, advan-
;

tages and disadvantages \hdt ki unch ntch pros and cons]. :

Advantageous, fd,ida-mand ; mufid.


Adventure, sar-guzdsht, f.

Adventurous jdn joJchon^ adj. (risky to life) : diUchald.

Adversary, hanf (in war or in games) :


muqdbil (opponent, gen.) :
raqih
(rival).

Adversity, vide Misfortune and Poverty.

.7..
Advertisement,
*
. !
S
ishtihdr dend.

Advice saldh, f. {d,): mashwara {d.) [but mashwara karnd to consult].


Affair, bat, kdm, f. amr ; mu^dmala.
f. ;

Affection, mahabbat : andhi mahabbat, blind, or doting affection, vide Dote :

[mahabbatx affectionate].
Affix, lagdnd.

Affliction, vide Grief, Pain, Misfortune.


100 Afford, de-saknd ; maqdur rakhnd.
Affray, dangd fasdd ; mar-pit, f.

Aforesaid, mazkur.
Afresh, 7Mi,e sir se,
After, Iba^d dkhir (after
; pichhe ; all).
Afterwards,
Afternoon, tisrd pahar, m. :
si-pahar, f.

Again, phir ; do-bdra ; har dam or bar bar again and again.
Against, khildf or bar Tchildj,

Age, 'umr, f. ; sinUy m. ; burhdpd old age za'ifi {not weakness, which is ;

22*7) •"
nd-bdligJi,, adj. under age zamdna or muddat (a long time) bdl
: :

paknd (to age, grow grey).

Aged, sinn-ddr.
Agent, ajant Eng. : wakll ; gumdshta.
Aggressor, pahal karnd (to be the ).

Agile, phurtild (also smart in movements); phurtxld-pan agility.

Agitate, vide Shake :


josh men land (excite people) :
ghabrdhat men ddlnd (to
alarm).
Agitator, mufsid (seditious).

Agree, qabul karnd ; rdzi hond ; nvdn-lend.

Agreeable, diUpasand (of things) : maza-ddr (of food, gen.)


AGR 5 ALM
Agreement, «W/ag (also = harmony, concord) mel (concord) qardr or band ; :

o bast (oral promise) girmit, Eng. = iqrdr-nama (written


; :
)
:

rdzlndma (deed of reconciliation).


Agriculture, kheti (Jc.) ; zamin-ddri (k).

Agriculturist, 2am*?i-c?ar (landholder) : kdshUkdr : i;*c?e Subject.


Ague, jdrd, m. (also cold and winter) : larza (also trembling).

Aide-de-Camp, musdhib {lit. a companion to a great person).

Ail, to, umh bad maza kai or tabVat bad-maza hai : bad-mazagi, subs.
Aim, shist or nishdn bdndhnd : vide Object.

Air, hawd, f. ;
vide Fume :
khiydli pild^o pakdnd to build castles in the air.

Air, to, hawd khildnd ; dhup dhikhdnd : hawd khdnd to take the air apne
ko dur khinchtd hai (he gives himself airs but apne ko dur rakhnd ;
— :

he holds himself aloof).


Airy, hawd-ddr.

Alarm, daghdagha (fear combined with doubt) shor machdnd to give the :

alarm lit. to make a noise)


;
halld k, (also = to create an uproar) ;
:

halld ghulld machdnd, lit. to sound the alarm.

Alarming, dardond (of appearance) : wahshat-ndk (of news).


Alarum, jagauni ( clock).

Alert, hoshydr (also = sober, not drunk; in one's proper senses, after a
faint; clever, i.e., full of hosh or senses); chaukas ; chaukannd {lit,
four- eared) beddr nmghz (of Governors or Officers, etc.) vide Shout.
:
;

Alienate, judd karnd : dil ko judd k. {


the affections of).

Alight at,
—par utarnd^ but ja^ah men utarnd.
Alike, ek tarah kd :
yak-sdn (much alike) hil-kull yaksdn (identical) : : unkl
shaklen milti julti \ain (or ek dusn se milti hain).
Alive, jitd ; zinda ; jitd jdgtd alive and kicking.
All, sab ; sab ke sab one and all: sdrd, adj. mutlaq na (not at all) :
— :

kuchh bhl nahln nothing at all jo kuchh mujh se ho-saktd hai yih hai

ki all that I can do for you is
:

Allay, dur karnd (of grief) :


bujhdnd (of thirst ;
lit. extinguish) : vide Alle-
viate.

Alleviate, vide Lessen.


Alliance, dostl : 'ahd o paimdn.

magar, m. (snub-nosed) ghariydl (long-nosed crocodile).


Alligator, ;

Allow, dend (preceded by a verb in the infinitive) ijdzat dend to give ;

permission : vide Admit.

Allowable, jdyiz.
Allowance, bhattd, m. travelling allowance (from bhdt, m. boiled rice) :

kharch jeb-kharch (pocket-money)


: kd lihaz karnd to make allow :

ances for :

Allude, ishdra karnd : uskd ishdra meri taraf thd he alluded to me : is lafz
se uskd matlab bdwarchi thd by this term he meant the cook.

Almanack, jantrl, f.
^^^ 6 AMO
Almond, badam: bddami, adj. almond-coloured, i.e., tan; also almond-
shaped.
Almost, qarib qarib.
Alms, Jdiairat, f., sing. (Muslim) dan, f. or dan-pun m. (Hindu). :
,

Alone, akela; tanha ; tan^i-tanha all alone; [tan P. = body]


— se hath uthdnd to Jet alone.
chhorna or ;

Along-sided, — ke bagj^al men ; —ke paUu men.


Aloud, zor se : unchl avmz se ; chiUd-kar having cried out.
160 Alphabet, alif be, f.

Alter, badalna; tahdil karnd ; badcU sadal, k. (where there is a question of


several changes) .* mde Correct.
Altercation, takrdr, f. (k.) ; jhagrd, m. (k.) :
gdli galauj, f. {k,) interchange
of filthy abuse, mutual abuse.
Iternate, )
^— ^-^j ^^ j^^ turns : ek din chhorke on alternate days.

Alternative, chdra, m. remedy tadbir, f. plan. :

Although, agarchi Una bard adml ho-kar umh giharur nahin kartd although
:

he is such a great man, he shows no pride.


Altitude, vide Height.
Altogether, sah milke all combining together: sdre kd sdrd khardb it is

altogether bad : umh purd bad-ma' dsh hai.

Alum, phitkiri, f.

Amass, vide Collect.

Amateur, wuh shauqlya gdtd hai, he is an amateur singer.


Amazed, dan^ (k.), (astounded) hakka bakka (confounded, surprised). ;

Amazement, hairdnl bewilderment being confounded or perplexed. ;

Ambassador, elchl.

Ambiguous, muhham :
pechlda confused, entangled : do-ma' nq, vulg. (with
two meanings).
Ambition, hausala, m. {lit. crop) ; himmat, f. (also = courage and persever-
ance).
Ambitious, 'all himmat ; 'dli hausala ; hausalamand (of noble ambition) :

vide Courage :
dunyd-talab (ambitious in a bad sense).
Amble, ruhdl or rahwdr chalnd (of an easy artificial amble).
Ambuscade, kisi ki ghdt men baithnd or rahnd :
ghat or kamih-gdh, f.

(place ).

Ameliorate, — ki hdlat bihtar karnd : chdra-sdzi, k. (also to cure).

Amend, sudhdrnd ; hdlat ko sudhdrnd (to mend one's ways).


'

Amends, badld (c?.)/ vide Revenge mukdfdt {k). :

Amiable khush-mizdj.
Amicable, dostdna, adj. and adv.
Amidst, —
ke bich {men) : ke dar miydn. —
Ammunition, goli bdrut, m.
Amnesty, 'dmm mu'dfi (general pardon).
Among, vide Amidst.
AMO 7 ANT

Amount, pahunchna (to amount mdblagh (sum).


to) :

Amputate, katna ; kat-ddlnd :


qalam karnd to sever at one blow.
Amulet, ta'wtz, m.
Amuse, dil hahldnd amuse oneself ;
but kisi ka dil bahldnd to amuse
another.
Amusement, tamdshd, m. ; ^Ai^^? occupation ;
mashgjiullyat ditto :
dil-la^fi
ki bat (also joke).

Amusing, maza-ddr people or books


*

(of ; lit. tasty,' of food).


Anarchy, andher, f. {machl hu,i hai).
Ancestors, bap ddde, pi.

Ancestry, nasi, f. ; khdnddn.


Anchor, langar {ddlnd and uthdnd).
Anchorage, langar-gdh, f.

Ancient, qadtm :
ogle zamdne ke log the ancients.
Anecdote, vide Story.
Angel, firislita.

Angelic, firishta-sifat (in disposition) :


firishta <kd sd (angel-like, might
refer to appearance).

Anger, ^ussa {k. and h.), subs, and adj. ; khafd {k. and h.) :
khafgl, f.

Angle, kond, m. corner.


Angry, vide Anger.
Animal, jdnwar haiwdn. ;

Animosity, kina.
Ankle, takhna, m.
Annihilate, nest o ndhud karnd ;
*
vide
'
Exterminate.
Anniversary, sdl-girah, f. (also birthday).
Announce, khabar dend : vide Cry.
Announcement, ittild, f. (d.) inform: wc?e Advertisement : i'ldn, m. (public).

Annoy, diqq karnd : satdnd {lit. to oppress) :


bigarnd to be annoyed (also to
go bad, be spoilt) vide Tease. :

Annual, sdldna.
Anoint, chwparnd grease. 200
Anonymous, gum-ndm.
Another, ek aur ; dusrd a second: pardyd, adj. another's, not one's own
property.
Answer, jawdb dend (also = to dismiss a servant) : is se merd kdm chalegd
this will answer my purpose vide Curt. :

Ant, chunti, f. (small) :


chuntd, m. (large) dimak, : i. (white-ant).

Antagonist, jor (in wrestling) : vide Adversary.

Antagonism, mukhdlafat.
Antelope, haran or hiran, m., and harm, f., the Indian Antelope or Black-
buck.
Antecedents, qabl ka Jidl.
ANX 8 ARM
Anxiety, '\ande8?ia, m. ; fikr, f. anxious thought : soch, f, ditto. : fikr-
Anxious, J mand anxious.
Any, kisi na kisi tarah anyhow : kahlii anywhere :
[kahlrir^na nowhere].
Apart, jvdd ; alag ; *alqhida.
Aperient, julldb.
Apologize, mu'dfi mdngnd or chdhnd, .:

Apology, *uzr, m. (k),


'^

Apparatus, sdmdn.

ADoarentiv f
^^^*'' ^^^^^ clear) ;
zdhir-an or dekhne men (apparently).
*
Appeal,
*

apil karnd, leg. : main dp kl duhd,i detd hurt I appeal to you.

Appear, m^t'lum hond ; zdhir hond ; dikha,i dend : vakil hond to appear
for .

Appearance, surat, f. shakl^ f. form, shape ; : vide Face.

Appease, thandd karnd ; wxindnd (anger).


Appellant, vide Plaintiff.
Appertain, — se 'ildqa or ta'alluq rakhnd.
Appetite, hhukh^ i.
hunger :
ishtihd, f.

Apple, seb :
sharlfa or sitd-phal (custard- apple).
'
Applicant, darkhwdst-kame-wdld
'
: vide Candidate.
Appoint, muqarrar karnd ; thdhrdnd.
Appointment, naukari : *uhda, m. rank.
Apprehend, giriftdr karnd ; pakarnd ; vide Arrest ; girijtdri, subs.
Apprentice, shdgrid (also = pupil).
Appropriate, to, apndnd to make one's own : makhsus karnd to make
special ;
vide Fitting, Right.

Apricot, zarddlu, m. (acid) :


Ichuhdni, f. (fresh or dried ; sweet).
Aptitude, mundsabat, f., facihty.
Aqueduct, kdrez, P., f. (under-ground ; perhaps peculiar to the North).
Arabic, 'Arabi or 'Arabl zabdn.

Arbiter, '\sdlis (Ar., lit. "third"): panoh^ m., gen., vide Umpire:
Arbitration, J sdlisl (k.) arbitration.

Arch, mihrdb, f. ;
mihrdb-ddr adj. arched. ,

Arena, akhdrd, m. (sp. for wrestling).

Argue, bahs, f. {k.) : daUl, f. {lit. proof) {k.) (but dalU Idnd to cite a proof)
Arid, be-db.
Arise, uthnd (to get up) :
paidd hond (
—happen, etc.).

Arithmetic, hisdb.
Arm, bdzu (prop, upper arm): hdth hand, fore-arm; fore-leg in horses :

shdkh (of river; lit branch).

Armed, hathydr-band {k.) : musallah {k.).

Arms, hathydr ;
asliha.

Armistice, mde Respite.


ARM 9 ASP

Armourer, sildh-gar (who makes weapons) :


saiqal-gar (polisher).

Armoury, silah-khdna.
Arm- pit, haghal, m. the oxter {also side, half of the breast of a bird).

Army, fauj, f. lashkar, m. ;

Around, —ke gird : chdron taraf, or gird-d-gird, or ird-gird (all around).


Arouse, jagdnd ; uthdnd to make to get up : vide Awake chamkdnd
;
arouse
with "suddenness.
Arrange, thik thdk karnd ; durust karnd (also to mend) :
sajdnd to put in 250
proper order, arrange things (as a room or table).
Arrangement, band o bast, m. (k.) ; intizdm, m. (k.) to plan, q.v. ;
videoX^o
Administration.
Arrears, bdqi, m. ;
charhd hu,d rwpiya.
Arrest, to, nazar band, k. (open arrest, mil.; also of a State prisoner):
vide Apprehend ; nazar-bdndt, subs.
Arrival, dmad, f.

Arrive, d-pahunchnd tashrif Idnd (for big people).


:

Arrow, iir :
tlr-partdb the distance of a bowshot.

Arsenal, vide Armoury.


Arsenic, sankhiyd, f. (white ).

Art, fann^ m. (also skill ;


also sometimes artifice, trick) ; hunar, f. (also
skill).

Artful, chdliyd ; chdl-bdz cunning : chdldk : makkdr.


Artifice, Jiila, m. ; clml, f. ;
vide Trick.

Artificer, kdrl-gar.

Artificial, bandwatl :

Artillery, top-khdna, m.
^^
/ / I charhnd
'
: charhd.i or char1id,o, m. ascent.
Ascent, )

Ascertain, ma'lum karnd :


tahqiq, k. investigate ; darydjt karnd to find out
(also to ask).

(^«^^«)-
Ascribed, }^«^«^^
'
Ashamed (to be), sharminda (hond) : vide"" Shy.
Ashes, rdkh, f. :
[rdkh-ddn ash-tray].
Aside, alag apart : ek taraf or kindre :
apne dp se or dhista (in a stage
whisper).
Ask, puchhnd (with se to ask, but with ko to ask after or to care about) :

mdngnd to ask for sawdl k. (also = to beg) kisi kd kdl darydjt karnd
: :

(to ask after a person) vide Enquire and Question. :

Aslant, tirchhd {lit. crooked) :


drd, adj., across, cross ways : dhdlu (also
sloping ground, subs.).
Asleep, mnd men in sleep soyd hu,d or sotd hu,d.
:

Aspire, drzu (rakhnd) ; hausala k. (in a high sense; vide Ambition)


Aspirant, ummedwdr :
' '
vide Candidate, Applicant.
ASS 10 ATX
Ass, gadhd, m. (also a fool) gadhi, f. gadha bojh (colloquial), an ass-load.
; :

Assailant, us ne pahal ki he was the assailant, the first to attack hamla- :

(iioar^ adj. attacking or charging.

Assault, vide Attack and Attray mar-pit, f. (in law). :

Assemble, jarm' k. and h. :


ikatthd, k. and h, :
'
vide' Collect.
Assembly, majlis, f. ; shihli, Eng. [hajnnn) mil.
*
Assent, haii karnd :
'
vide Agree.
Assert, zor dekar kahna ; tdkid karke kahnd.
Assess,hand o hast, k. (of land) [hand o hast-wdld assessor]. :

Assessment, mdl-guzdn (land tax) la^fdn, m. (of land, a zamindari :


term).

^- ' ^^^^^*' *^i-


Assiduous, l^^^"*'

Assignation, chori chupe ki muldqdt (any secret meeting).


Assist, kist kl madad karnd or kisi ko madad dend : [madad-gdr assistant].

Associate, milnd-julnd : kisi ke sdth uthnd haithnd or hond.


Assure, yaqin dildnd.

^e?^ ddlnd ta'ajjuh ki hdt an astonishing matter.


Astonishing f^'W'^ ;

Astonished, muta'ajjib: hairdn (bewildered).


Astray, rdh se hhatak-jdnd.
Astrologer, nujumi : jotishi.
Asylum; pandh ki jagah (refuge) pdgal-khdna (lunatic ). :

Athlete, pahlaiodn (in wrestUng and sword-stick, etc.) kasratiya, gen. :

Atom, zarra, m.
Atone, kaffdra, m. (d.)

Attachment, vide Affection.


Attack, hamla, m. (k.) ; charhd,i, f. {k.) : shab-khun, m. (k.) (a night-
attack, i.e., night- slaughter) : vide Raid.
Attainable, muyassar.
Attainment, husul, m. (in intr. sense, the being obtained) and iahsil, f. (in
tr. sense, the obtaining).

300 Attempt, qasd, m. {k.) (also intention) :


koshish, f. (k.) (to try to ).

Attend, — ko dil dend — ko kdn dharnd : taraf tawajjuh k. (people or



things) :
Jdiidmat, k.
;

{ upon) ;

ki himdr-ddri, k. (on a sick person).

Attendance, hdziri (being present ;


at school, etc.) :
khidmat, f. service.

Attendant, Jchidmatgdr ; naukar-chdkar attendants.


Attention, dhiydn, m. ; tawajjuh, f. :
lihdz, m.
Attentive, mutawajjih :
yih naukar ji se kdm kartd hai (attentive, of a ser-
vant).
Attest, qawdhi dend ; sachdnd.

Attract, khinchnd ; or —ko kashish k.

Attraction, kashish, f.
(physical) : dil-kashi or lubhd,o (charm).

Attribute, to, vide Ascribe


AUC 11 BAF

Auction, nildm, m. {k.) : [bolt bolna bid at an auction].

Audience, majlis-wale, tamashd-bm, etc. ; no general term, except hdzirin :

Audit, Msdb jdnchnd.


Auspicious, mubdrak.
Author, musannif (of book) : bdni (founder).

Authoritative, hdkimdna (of tone of voice).


Authorise, mukhtdr karnd : ikhtiydr dend.
Authority, sanad, f. vide Order or Power. :

Avarice, U^y^ f.
.

• * ^^ans,» adj.
. j
Avaricious, J

Avaunt, dur ho !

Avenge, vide Revenge.


Average, ausat, subs, and adj. {lit. adj. middle) ausat darje kd, or btch kd ;

(moderate) ausat nikdlnd (to strike an average).


:

Avert, tdlnd ; roknd ; dafa*-daja'karnd (repulse, before or after occurrence).


Avidity, shauq (desire, eagerness) :
ji (mind).
Avoid, parhez karnd (of things) muldqdt se, etc., parhez karnd (of people) ;
:

kindra k. (people or things) katrd-jdnd (to avoid meeting by turning :

aside, etc.) : dnd-kdni karnd to cut, to pretend not to see.


Avow, sdf iqrdr karnd ; danke ki chot iqrdr karnd (lit. avow by beat of

drum).

Await, vide Wait.


Awake, beddr, adj. (k. and h.) : vide Arouse.
Aware, —se dgdh, or wdqif, hond.
Awe, ru'b, m. haibat, f. vide Fear.
;
'

Awful, haibat-ndk.
Awkward, bhaddd (in shape, slow and awkward in movement) : andri
(half-taught).
Awning, chdndnl for bed in summer: sd^e-bdn, m. :
ahdmydna (very large
and on poles).
Axe, kulhdri.
Azure, dsmdni.

B
Babe, shir-khwara bachcha.
Bachelor, bin-biydhd ; kunwdrd ; muflis.
Back, pith f pith phernd to turn the back
.
;
: mere pichhe behind my back :

wdpas, adv.
'

Backbite, ghlbat karnd : 'vide Tales.


Bad, burd ; khardb ; bad: subs, areftwmj, khardbl, and badi.
Badge, nishdn and 'aldmat (gen.), sign, mark, indication: billd mil. :
chap-
rds (for a chaprdsi).

Baffle, vide Bewilder.


BAG 12 BAR

Bag, thaila, m. (large); thaili, f.


(small): 'vide' Purse and Sack and
Knapsack.
Baggage, saman^ m. ; asbdh, m. ; bdrbarddri (of troops).
Bail, zamaruit, f.
(security of any kind) zamdnat par chhornd (to
; release
on bail ; personal or otherwise) zdmin the person who goes
:
bail or
stands security.
Bait, ddna, m. {lit. grain ; for a snare) : chdrd (for fishing).
Bake, tanur men pakdnd (lit, to cook in an oven).
Baker, roit-wdld ; ndn-hd,%.
Balance, vide Scales baqlya, m. (of account lit. remainder) wazn bardbar
:
;
:

rakhnd (in scale or on a tight- rope) tuUbaithnd, intr. (in a carriage :

or a kajdwa) : ghabrdnd, or apne ko na-sambhdl saknd to lose one's


balance.

Balcony, bdld-hhdna.
Bald, chandld^ i.e., having no hair on the cAan<^? or crown of the head;'
ganjd (from disease scald-headed) phlkd {lit. insipid of literary :
;

style).
Ball, gold, m. (large) ; goU^ i. (small; also a pill): gend, f.

Bamboo, bans, m. : bambu (gen. opium pipe ; also penis).

Banana, keld, m.
Band, baind-bdjd (of music) : toll ; guroh^ m. :
jamd'at, f .
(of people).

Bandage, pattl, f.

Bandolier, partald (now also a Sam Browne belt, or a sword-belt with a


shoulder-strap).
Bandy-legged, kamdn-pd.
Bangle, churi, f. (a thin bangle).

Banish, des-nikdld karnd ; or jald watan karnd (from country) vide Exile :

and Deport : subs, and adj. des-nikdld, and subs, jald-wakini.


Bank, kindra, m. (of river; also edge of lake, or fountain, etc. ; also edge,
border) :
bank-ghar, Eur.
Banker, sdhukdr or mahdjan (Hindu): sarrdf ('* shroff"; prop, money-
changer) bank-wdld (European).
:

Banknote, not, m. ; lot, vulg.


Bankrupt, )^diwdliyd, adj.: diwdld nikdlnd or tdt ulatnd {to go hamk- ;

Bankruptcy, ) rupt to close the business shopmen sit on a tdt).


;
:

Banner, vide Flag.


Banquet, ziydfat {k.) ; da'mat {k. or d.) (any invitation).
Banyan-tree, bar or bar, m.
Bar, berd (goes right across the door also = a raft) billi or killt, f. (a small :

" on a small ;

bar in the centre of door also a " button door). ;

Barbarian, mleksha, vulg. malechh (by Hindus originally meant those ;

that did not know Sanskrit ;


now = unclean) : wahshi ; jangli.

Barbarity, jangli-pan : vide Cruelty.

Barber, %a,i (Hindu) ; hhalifa (Muslim) :


hajjdm gen.
J Indians say that being ckancUa is a sign that a man is ighal-mand.
BAR 13 BAZ

Bare, nanga, naked :


barahna, ditto.
Barely, ba-mushkil: main ghar se hahar nikalne na-pdya tha ki = Ihad —
not quite got out of the house when
(

but merd hdhar qadam rakhnd —


hi ihd — l had just got out when — .
;

Bargain, saudd, m. (k.) (buying, marketing) saudd chuk-gayd (the bargain :

was closed) kauriyon ke mol, adv. (to get as a bargain, i.e., dirt-
:

cheap) :
ghatd,o barhd,o karnd (to bargain not in a bad sense as to ;

haggle, q.v.)
Bark, chhdl, f. (of tree): bhaunknd (to
— ;
of dogs).

Barley., jau, m., sing.


Barracks, bdrik, f., Eur.

Barrel, nail or ndli, f.


gun; also = a drain; nail also a marrow bone and
(of
spec, the cannon-bone of horses) pipd (cask). :

Barren, be-phal (of trees) bdnjh (of woman) bahld (of animals) usar or
: : :

banjar (of land).


Barricade, rok, f. (lagdnd) : kucha-bandi karnd (to barricade streets).
Barrow, theld (any push-cart or trolly).

Barter, adal badal karnd, gen., (exchange).


Base, adj., kamina (of no family, etc.) :
pdji (in character) :
pdjiymia (of
actions).
Base, subs., kursi (of pillar ; also plinth : lit. chair) ;
vide Foundation and
Founder.
Bashful, sharmlld ; sharmd^u.
Basin, bdsan, m. ; bol, m., Eur. ; lagan, m.
Bask, dhitp khdnd (in sun) :
garmdnd, gen. :
dg tdpnd, tr.

Basket, tokrd, m. (large) ; tokri, f. (small),


Bass, bam.
Bastard, hardm-zdda.
Bastion, burj (also a tower or turret).
Bat, chamgddar, etc., f. : bddur (flying-fox) thdpl, : f. (cricket-bat).
Bath, cikusl kd " tap " :
hammdm, Turkish bath.
Bathroom, ghusl-hhdna.
Bathe, to, ^usl karnd and nahdnd (int. sense) :
nahldnd, tr. :
gjiusl dend
(to wash corpses, etc.); vide Ablutions.
Battalion, batdliyan, f, (Eur.)
Battery, bdtri (Art.)
Battle, lard, I ; jang :
jan^ kd maiddn^ battle-field.
Bawdy-house, chakld, m.
Bawl, dapatnd, intr., to bawl or shout at a person (also tr., to gallop a
horse).

Bay, kumait (of horse) :


teliyd kumait (dark bay ;
as though it had oil
rubbed over it).
Bayonet, [kisiko] sangtn, f. {mdrnd).
Bazar, bdzdr, m, ; hdt, m.
BE 14 BEG

Be, to, hond : rahne do (let it be) :


jane do (= never mind).
Bead, ddna (of rosary, etc. ;
lit.
grain) :
pot, m. (glass bead) : vide to Skewer.
Beak, chonch, f.
(of bird).
400 Beam, shahtir, m. (large): balU, f. (small cross beams; also a pole).
Bean, «cm, f. ; lohiya, m. ;and haqila (all different kinds).

Bear, bhalu,^ m. ; richh, m.


Beard, dafhl, f. ; risk, f.

Bearded, ddrhi-iuala or darhiyal; rish-ddr, darhiydld (con temp., of a hypo-


crite Muslim).

Beardless, amrad (young and ).

Beast, jdnivar ; haiwdn (animal) darinda {lit. tearing, rending ; any beast :

of prey) janglt jdnivar (any wild animal).


:

Beat, mdrnd (also = to kill): pTtnd : herpher ki bdten karnd, to beat about
the bush :
bajdnd (beat a drum): main hdr-gayd — Vm dead beat, I

give in.

Beautiful, hasin (spec, of humans) ; Jchub-surat, gen. ; namkin, good-looking;


sdnwld (good-looking as well as dark).
Beauty, hiLsn, m. (spec, of humans and abstract ideas) jamdl, m. (of hu- :

mans but derived from jamal, a camel) maldhat, m. (good-lookingness). :

'

Beckon, hath se ishdra karim or ishdre se buldnd : vide Wink.


'

Becoming, zeb dene-wdld libds, becoming dress : vide Suit.

Bed, palanQy m., or chdr-pd^t, 1., bedstead: m. bistar , , a,nd bichhdimii or


bichhaund, m., bedding (from bichhdnd, to spread.)
Bee, shahd ki makkhi or madh-makkhl : ndk kl sldh men (In a bee-line,
following one's nose).
Beef, gd,e kd gosht :
''blf" Eur.
"
Beer, "fe*r" shardb, f. :
pUpd &tr," f., draught beer.
Beetroot chuqandar^ m.
Before, dge (of time or place): sdmne, in front of :
mazkur, mentioned,
before-mentioned above-mentioned. ,

Beforehand, pahle se ; dge ae.


Befriend,
— kd sdth dend (also =to accompany).
Beg, bhikh mdngnd; sawdl karnd (also = to ask) hdth pasdrnd or phaildnd :

{lit. to hold out the hand i.e., beg for alms) vide Entreat. ;
:

Beggar, bhlkh-mangd, gen. ; bhikdri, gen. :


faqlr {lit. poor).
Beggary, mufUsi {men parnd) :
kangdli {us par a,i).

Begin, lagnd (preceded by inflec. infin. = to begin and to continue) shuru' :

shuru' karnd (preceded by uninfected Infinitive, to begin only em- ;

phasizes the commencement of an act vide


' '
Hindustani Stumbling- ;

Blocks ").
Beginning, shuru^ m. ibtidd, : f. :
sird, m. (head, end, of material things).

Beginner, mubtadi ; nau-sikh.


Begone, dur ho !

1
But, halu, f., sand.
BEH 15 BIB

Behalf, meri taraf or men zahdni (from or on behalf of me) : men khdtir or
mere haqq men (for me).
Behave, shayistagi se rahnd (of children) : vide Treat.

Behaviour, dhang, m. or hartd,o, m. [chdUchalan character].


;
:
,

Behead, kisi kd sir kdtnd or urdnd : k^ gar dan murnd. —


Behind, Behindhand, pichke ; pith-ptchhe : phisaddi, adv. and adj. {lit. the
last in any race or game) m^in is kdm men pichhwd-gayd, T am :

behind-hand with this.


Belie, jhuthldnd.

Believe, mdnnd; bdwur karnd : iman Idnd (of convert to Islam) i'tiqdd, :

m. opinion) w(^e Faith, Trust, Reliance, Opinion; Jinnon kd


(relig.
mu'taqid nahin hurt, I don't believe in Jinns.
Bell, ghantd, m. (large); ghanti, f. (small).

Belly, pet, m. ; shikam, m. :


'
vide' Womb :
pet-hhar, adv., belly-full.
Beloved, ma'shuq: ['dshiq, lover].
Below, niche (prep, and adv.) tale (prep.) vide Less. ; :

Belt, peti: partald, m., sword-belt or bandolier, q.v. dawdl, : f.

Bend, jhuknd, intr., and jhukdnd, tr., to bend down, stoop, etc. :
mornd, to
give a turn or twist to : vide Crooked.

Beneath, vide Below merl sha^n ke IdHq nahin ki — it's beneath my


— dig-
:
,

nity to .

Benefactor, muhsin.
Beneficent, fayydz [very generous, from faiz, munificence).
Beneficial, m^/idl .• sud-mand ; fd^ida-mand.
Benefit, to, fd,ida karnd (of medicine) fd,ida pahunchdnd (of persons)
—se fd,ida uthdnd (to be benefited by) vide Favour.
:

:
:

Benevolence, khair-khwdht (also loyalty).


Benevolent, vide Benefactor.
Benign, mihrhdn (gen., kind ; also of kings = benign).
Benumbed, sun {k. and h.).

Bequeath, de-mjarnd or chhor-mxirnd.


Beseech, minnat karnd ; iltimds karnd ; girgird-kar mdngnd.
Beside, haghal {men) : vide Near matlab se bdhar hai, this is beside the 450 :

question ape se bdhar hond, to be beside oneself (with anger or joy).


:

Besides, is ke 'aldwa added to this ;


is ke siwd, except this.
Besiege, ghernd (to surround) :
qiVa-band karnd.
Bespeak, kah-rakhnd.
Best, achchhe se achchhd ; bhale se bhald.

Between,
—ke dar miydn or — ke bich {men) ('* between
" or
"
amongst").
Beverage, pine ki chiz.
Bewilder, ghdbrdnd hairdn karnd (also to astound).
;

Beyond, — se
pare, prep. 2>arli taraf, adv. and prep., yih meri tdqat se
:

bdhar hii, this is beyond my power.


' '
Bible, Taurdt aur Injil vide Testament.
BID 16 BLO

Bid, boH bolna (at an auction, q,v. ) : vide Invite and Order.
Bigoted, muta^assih :
ta'assuh, bigotry.
* '
Bill, bil, Eng. ;
hisab : vide Beak.
Bind, bdndhna : kasna, to tighten; jild bdndhnd, to bind books: vide
Compel.
Binder, j^d-gar.
Binoculars, dur-bin, gen., also telescope : do-nali or do-dnkht, adj., binocular.

Bird, chiryd, f.
(gen. small) [chifi sparrow] :
panchhl or paranda (prop, any
flying animal).
Birth, paiddyish, f. ; janam, f., Hindi.
Birthday, janam-din, m., H. ; sdl-girah, f., P.
'

Biscuit, biskut, m. :
*
vide Brittle.

Bison, amd.
Bit, dahdna, m. (curb) :
qaza^i, f. (snaffle) : vide Morsel, Piece.

Bitch, kutti ; kutyd.


Bite, kdtnd or kdt-khdnd (of animals) ;
ddnt kdtnd (of men).
Biter, kattar (of horse, or any animal except dogs, and met. of man) :

munh mdrtd or chaldtd hai (of horses).

„! ^^' karwd ; tcUkh: subs., karwd-pan, m., and talkhi, f.


Bitterness^

Bitterly, jalkar kahnd, to speak bitterly.


Black, kdld (k.); or siydh (k.) ; kdld siydh = \Qt'h\a^\L: kdld-sd, blackish.

Blackguard, feac^mw'as^; luchchd; shuhdd.


Blacking, jutt ki siydhi {siydht = h\3i,Q^ness, ink, and blacking).
Blacksmith, lohdr.
Bladder, phoknd (of animals only) :
masdna, gen., med. :
zahra, gall-
bladder.

Blame, ilzdm lagdnd : uskd qusur hai or touh qumr-wdr hai, he is to


blame vide Reproach.
:

Blameless, be-qusur or be-khatd (without fault).


Blanket, kammal (gen. coarse) :
lo,t (fine).

Blarney, chikni chuprl bdten (k.) : lallo potto karnd.


Blaze, dg kd bharaknd.
Bleak, be-dr (exposed).
Blemish, 'aib ddgh (also = spot, scar, etc.).
:

Blessing, du'd, (dend) ; [du'd karnd or mdngnd, is to pray, or pray for, in


f.

the Christian sense the Muslim namdz being a kind of Liturgy]. ;

Blind, andhdy gen. kdnd, of one eye 'aqikd andhd (intellectually


:
).
: —
Blister, chhald ; (
—par- jdnd or—uthnd).
Blood, lohu, m. khUn^ m. achchi nasi kd or asil ghord (a blood horse).
: :

Blood-thirsty, Jchun kd piydsd.

Bloody, lohu-lohdn, blood-stained.


Blooming, phald phuld (and met. prosperous).
BLO 17 BOR

Blossom, kali or shigufa (bud) :


phul or khild hu,a phul (open blossom) :

maur, mango-blossom.
Blot, da^, any spot or blemish : dhabba (wet blot) : vide Disgrace and
Erase.

Blow, chot, f. (lagand) and zarb, f (lagdnd) gen. . :


war, f. (cut of sword, or
blow or point of any weapon).
Blow, to, phunknd (with mouth) bajdnd (mus. instrument) : : chalnd or
bahnd, intr. (of wind) and urd-lejdnd, tr., to blow away.
Blue, nild (dark-blue) : dsmdni rang (sky-blue) :
dbi, light-blue :
firoza^i, 500
turquoise blue.
Blue-bottle, makkhd.
Blunt, kund. .

Blurt out, kah-baithnd (inadvertently; of a secret).

Board, takhta, m. (large) ; takhtl, f. (small).

Boast, to, sheJcht mdrnd ; ding k. or m.

Boat, kishtl and nd,o, f., gen. ; dengt, open row-boat.

Boatman, mdnjhl (spec. Hindu; a


caste) malldh (Muslim). :

Body, badan, m. (spec, those parts that in decency should be covered) :

tan ; jism.
Bogey, hawwd, f. ; 6^*,^ ; bichd (to frighten children).

Boil, phord : bdl-tor (produced by the breaking of a hair) : vide Band and
Corpse.
Boil, to, ubalndy intr., and ubdlnd, tr. ; josh khdnd, intr., and josh dend, tr.

Boiling, phutd or khaultd pdnl, boiling water.


'

Bold, diler ; vide' Brave, Dare, Impudent.

Bolt, chitkani {lagdnd) (of door) : vide Bar.

Bombshell, bam kd gold.


Bombardment, top-anddzi or gol-anddzi karnd.
Bond, tamassuk (spec, of money) :
iqrdr-ndma (of agreement).
Bondage, vide Slavery ; Imprisonment, etc.
Bone, haddi : jhagre (
H jar = bone of contention).
Boneless, nihaddd (of meat).
Book, kitdb, f. ;
—ndma (in comp.): bahi, any register: kitdb kt almdrl,
book-case: vide Binder: kutub-farosh, bookseller.
Bookworm, kitdb kd kird (lit. and met.): machhli (the
*
fish-insect ').

Boot, jutd, gen. but, m. (pahinnd) (Eng. pattern); moza, m. (charhdnd)


:

(long boots or stockings).


Booty, lut kd mdl.
Border, vide Edge, Boundary and Skirt.
Bore, surdkh karnd; chhednd ; barmdnd (with a 6arma or auger) maghz :

(or sar) khdnd


weary or bore to death).
(to
Born, paidd hond, to be born mdn-pet kd andhd, born blind in com-
pounds zdda,
" —
born," past partic. of the Persian verb).
: :

3
BOR 18 BRE

Borrow, udJidr or qarz lend (with dend = to lend) (of money only) :
'driyat
lend (of tilings for use) ;mangnl lend.
Bosom, vide Breast pet k% :
bdten, bosom secrets : dill dost (sincere friend);
d^nt kdti rotl-khdne-wdld dost (bosom friend).
Both, donon ; har do : vide' Also.
*

Bottle, botal, f. ; shiska, m. pakaure si ndk-wdld, bottle-nosed :


{lit. with a
nose like a pakaufd or a kind of small pease pudding).
Bottom, tah, f. (of well, river, etc.): chutar, f., (fundament): pendl,
bottom or underside of anything, and slang the fundament).
Bottomless, be thdh.
Bountiful, daryd-dil, and fayydz.
Bounty, fazl or karam, m. (of God) :
daryd-dill or fayydzl (of men).
Bow, kamdn (for arrows) : kamdncJia (for violins) .*
gi^ulel, a pellet bow :

vide Salute.

Bowels, dnten, f. pi. ; aniriydn, f. pi. (guts, entrails).


Bowl, piydla (also = cup): bol, m. Eng. :
gend lurkkdnd (with a ball along
the ground lit. to ;
make the ball roll) but gend mdrnd or phenknd
;

(bowl at cricket).
Bowstring, vide Cat-gut.
Box, pet} or sanduq (large ; spec, wooden chest) :
^anduqcha (smaller; also
= desk) sanduqchl
:
(still smaller; a wooden casket) :
dibiyd, f.
(very
small, as snuff box, etc.).

Box, ghunsd-bdzl karnd : ghunsd-bdz, boxer.


Boy, larkd : chhokrd (= a mere boy): laundd (contemptuous as bdzdr
laundd ** bazaar brat ").
Boyish, larkon kd sd mizdj (in a good sense).
f.
"
Braces, gdlis, (Scotch gallowses").
Brackish, khdri-sd (of water) khdrl-pan, subs. :

Brain, bhejd, m. ; maghz, m. sir kd gud : dimdgli,, m. (also understanding


;

q.v.) : Idthi mdr mdr-kar uskd bhejd nikdld (I brained him with ray
Idthl).
Bran, chokar, m. (of wheat) : bhusi (of other grain) :
\bhusd chopped
straw].
Branch, shdkh (of tree, river, railway): tahniy f. (twig).
Brand, dd(^ Idgdnd (with hot iron) dhabbd lagdnd (with something wet ; ;

vide Blot) ndm men ddgh, or dhabbd lagayd (of stigma).


:

Brandy, brdndi, Eng.


Brass, pitaly m.
Brave, bahddur : diler (bold) :
jawdn-mard (also generous) : sher-mard and
sher-dil («= lion-hearted).

550 Breach, rakhna {k.) mil. :


sendh, d. (of thieves).
Bread, rati, gen.: dabcd rotl, English bread only: ek rotl, one' loaf: {rati
also = food in general) rozl, daily bread (from God). :

Breadth, chaurd,l :
pdt (spec, of river) ; *arz (spec, of cloth).

Break, tornd (to snap) phornd (break a hole) tor tdr k. (of many things)
: : :

tor phor k. (ditto, but varied kinds of breaking): cfiaknd chur k.


BRE 19 BRO

(break into bits) phutnd (to break forth, to burst) sendh d. (of
: :

thieves, vide Breach) takkar khdnd (break, dash against of waves)


:
;

nikalnd (to break in a horse, educate it) roza kholnd (to break one's :

relig. fast properly but roza tornd, to break it improperly) qaul st


; :

phirnd (or mukarnd, to deny) to break a promise hdr-jdnd (break ;

down) : torke kholnd (break open) : hdth churdkar hhdgnd (break away,
as a thief) : break a person of a habit) hawd
kist se 'ddat churdnd (to ;

chhornd (to break wind, accidentally or otherwise).


Breakfast, hdziri or din kd khdnd ; [rdt kd khdnd = dinnev'] chhoti hdziri, :

light breakfast at sunrise.

Breast, pistdn or chhdtl or sind (of woman) ;


vide Chest : slna (of bird).
Breastplate, slna-band, of horse.
Breastwork, sangar, m. (of loose stones).
Breath, ) dam, m. sdns, m. ; and f. :
[sdns lend, to breathe, but dam lend,
Breathe, ) to take rest].

Breed, bachcha dend (of animals) jannd without ne, of :


woman) :
— sp
bachcha lend (to raise a breed) pdlnd (to rear). :

Brethren, bhd,i-band.
Brevity ikhtisdr
,
:
[mitMtosar brief].

Brew, to, shardb khinchnd.

Bribe, ghuns, f. ; rishwat, f. {dend or khildnd, tr. ;


but with khdnd and lend,
intr.)

Brick, Int, f. (burnt or unburnt).


Bricklayer, raj.
Bride, dulhan.
BriAegt oom, dulhd ; nau-sha.

Bridge, pul, m. (bdndhnd).


Bridle, lagdm, f. {dend or charhdnd) : zabdn ko lagdm dend (to bridle the

tongue) be-lagdm ddml (he has no reticence).


:

Brief, vide Brevity khuldsa, subs, and adj. Jchuldsd yih hai ki
:
briefly ;
— — .

Brigade, briged, f. :
fauj-bandi karnd, to brigade.
Bright, chamak-ddr {k.) chamklld {k.) (shining) raushan (clear
;
: ;
of day, or
face also well-lighted = i^/a^a)
; sdf (of sky). .•

Brilliancy, chamak, f. or jot, f. (of gems) : chamak (of stars).

Brims, lab, m., gen. {lit. lip).

Brine, namkin ocean, or pickle).


pdrii, gen. (of

Brink, kindra : marne kindre, adv. (on the brink of death).


Bring, Idnd or le-dnd or lete-dnd, gen. uthd-ldnd (bring in the hand). :

Brittle, ndzuk (fragile or delicate) shlsha-sd ndzuk (fragile as glass) kardrd : :

{crisp and brittle); pdpar kd hukm rakhtd hai { — brittle as a pdpar


biscuit).
Broad, chaurd ; chakld : chaurd chakld, very broad.
Broadcloth, bdndt, f.

Broken-winded, sher-dam, adj.; and sher-daml, subs.


Broker, dalldl (any go-between) : kabdri (sells old furniture, etc.).
BRO 20 BUR

Broody, kufuk (of hens only).


Brook, chashma (the source of a stream).
Broom, jhdru : jhdru
phemd, to make a clean sweej) of (of robbers, a
spendthrift wife, etc.), vide Brush.
Broth, shorbd, shorwd, ahirwd.
Brothel, thakld.
Brother, hhd,% ; birddar (also relation) sagd hhcn (own-brother, having :

same father and mother) sauteld bhd,t (half-brother). :

Brotherhood, birddari ; zdUbirddari :


apndyit, f., subs, and adj.
Brotherly, birddardna.
Brown, bhurd : bdddmi (tan, of leather lit. of the colour of almond ; peel) :

naswdri rang (snuff-coloured, vide Snuff).


Browse, vide Graze.
Brush, burush or bursh, m., Eng. bdl ka qalam (paint-brush) jhdru dend, : :

to brush [but jharu mdrnd, to beat with a jhdru, to birch], vide


;

Broom.
Bubo, bdghi, f. [hond) (venereal only) :
gilti {uchhalnd) (of plague, etc.).
Buck, hamdy m., black-buck, vide Deer :
kandhimdmd, to buck (of a horse).
Bucket, bdltl, a stable- bucket.
Buckle, baksu,d, m., Eng. {lagdnd) : su,i (the tongue of the buckle ; lit,

needle).
Buff, shuturi rang, lit. camel-coloured; vide Fawn and Brown.
Buffalo, bhains, f. (generic) : bhainsd (bull- buffalo).

Bug, khatmaly m. :
gandhl, f.. that which flies at night.
600 Bugle, bigul, m., Eng. {bajdnd).
Build, bandnd ; uthdnd.
Building, makdn, gen. :
Hmdrat, f. (of large buildings only).

Bull, sand (also stallion).


Bullet, banduq ki goli.

Bullock, \bail : baiUgdrl (ordinary baggage bullock-cart) :


baildl,
Bullock-cart, etc., J one who leads laden bullocks.
Bull's-eye, gulzart, Eng. : chdnd (lit, moon).
Bully, Tismdr Khdn, a blustering bully (a man once killed thirty mosqui-
toes and assumed the title of Tls-mdr Khdn).

Bundle, gathrt : bandil, f. (Eur.) :


gatthd, m. (of grass).

Bunch, guchchhd, m. (of grapes, flowers, keys, etc.) : khosha {oi gTa,pes;
also an ear of corn).

Burden, bojh, m. ; bdr, m. ; Idd, f.

Burdened, bojhal (heavy, hindered).


Burial, vide Funeral.
Burn, jalnd, intr. and jaldnd, tr. jaldkar khdk kar-dend^ to burn to ashes
: :

jdke chhed ho-jdnd^ to be burnt through dg se phunknd, gen. to burn :


,

up dg lagdnd, gen., to set fire to dg dend (of corpses).


: :

Burst, phatnd (when a crack forms) phutnd (when a hole forms). ;


BUR 21 CAL

Bury, gdrna, tr., gen. (to cover with earth) mittt dend or dafn karnd (of :

corpse) :
gare murde ko ukhernd {lit. to root up a corpse = to revive for-
gotten quarrels).
Bush, jhdr^ m. or jhdrl, f. :
jhdr-ddr, adj.
Busy, kdm men lagd hu,d hai he's busy = men mashgjiul hai ; kdmi Mm
(hard-working, of big officials) kdm kdju (of servants). :

Butcher, qasd^l (spec, of kine) qassdh, gen. qasd^i-pan (butchery, : :

cruelty).
Butt, kunda (of rifle or Idthl) smg mdrnd (to butt with one horn) dhuns
: :

mama (to dash with the head as fighting- rams, a rhinocerus, etc.)
Butter, makkhaUf m. [chupamd).
Butterfly, titli or titri.

Buttermilk, chhdch : last, Panj.


Button, butdm or batam, m., Eng. ;
hilll (a wooden latch ; vide Bar).

Button-hole, kdj,m.
Buttress, pushta, m. {hdndhnd).
Buy, mol'lend ; hharidnd.
* '
Buyer, gdhak ; Jchariddr ; lene-wdld : vide Customer.
Buzz, bhinbhindnd (of fly, wasp).
By and by, tkahar-ke.
Byre, gd,o-sdld.

Cabbage, gobi ; phul-gobi (cauliflower).


Cable, rassd.
Cactus, sij (the flat kind) ; muthiyd sij (the round kind).
Cage, pinjrd.
Cajole, phusldnd (in good and bad sense) : lallo patto karnd (blarney, spec.
of women) : vide Deceit, Flattery.

Cake, kulcha (small round and flat ; sweet or salt).

Calamity, bald, f.
(spec, public) :
dfat, gen. : vide Misfortune.

Calculate, hisdb karnd : ginti or shumdr karnd (also = to count).


Calf, bachhrd or bdchhd, m. and bachhn or bachhiyd, f. (of cow) parwd, m.
;
:

'
and pariyd f. (of buffalo) (pindli kl) machhli (of leg) vide Biceps.
: :
'

Calico, chhint, f. or dares, f., Eng. (chintz) :


len-kildt, m., Eng. (long-cloth) :

nain-sukh (a soft calico).


Call, vide Name and Summon pukdrnd (to call out) vide also Shout, : :

Shriek, Cry dhandhord pitnd (by a public crier with drum) manddl
: :

(proclaim by crier in any way) ndm leke pukdrnd (to call by name) : :

Khudd kd ndm lend (to call on God) milne ko (or muldqdt ko) jdnd :

(call at a person's house) ndm ba-ndm pukdrnd (to call over the :

names = hdziri lend) bdz-purs karnd or jawdb talab karnd (to call to
:

account).
Calm, tJnr (of water) :
dil-jama' (of mind) : vide Silent.
CAL 22 CAP
Calm, dhima or thandd kamd and bithdnd (anger) bujhdnd (thirst also :
;

put out fire) halkd or kam kamd (to lighten or lessen pain) dhimd
:
:

hond (of anger, storm : intrans).

Calmness, third^i ; dhimd-pan :


diUjama'l, f. or itmindn, m. (of mind opp. ;

to ghahrdhat).

Calumniate, Uihmat lagdnd ; huhtdn I. or bdndhnd.

Callicraohv I
^^^"^^^* •'
khush-navisi or khush-khatti Calligraphy. ,

Camel, unty m. f untni, f., H. : shutur. P.: sdndhni (female ridi ng- camel ) :
mdr% (in Punjab ; female riding-camel) nakel, f. and mahdr, f. (nose
:

string, etc.).

Camel-driver, etc., sdr-bdn or shutur-bdn : sdndhni- sawdr and shutur-sawdr


(messenger mounted on a camel).
Cambric, kimrik, f., Eng.
660 Camp, pard,o, m. and kamp or kampu, m. (camping-ground, mil.) :
rfera,
m., gen. (mil. or private ;
lit. tent) : dera lagdnd or ddlnd (to camp).

Camphor, kdfur, m. (often the name of negro slaves) :


[kdfurl is used for
anything very white kdfurl shama' wax candle ;
: kdfur ho-jdnd, to
disappear suddenly, i.e., run away].
Canal, nahr, i. (also a stream).

Cancel, kdtnd (of names) :


—par qalam phernd (an order) : uthdnd or
mansukh k. (a law) uihd-dend or mitdnd (abolish a custom).
:

Candidate, ummed-wdr (in exam, or for a post) imtihdn dene-wdld :


(at an-
exam.).
Candle, mom batti ; shama* ,
f.

Candle-stick, shama'-ddn.
Candour, sdf-go,i (in speech) :
khard-pan (straightforwardness of speech or
dealings).
Candy, kuza misri (sugar-candy).
Cane, bed, bet, or bent, f. (mdmd or lagdnd) tr., and bent khdnd or —par
parnd, intr.): ukhoiikh (thin sugarcane): gannd (gen. term, sugar-
cane).
Cannibal, ddam-khor : (fkul (a ghoul): rdkas (for Hindi rdshds, a cannibal
demon) wuh bard rdkas hai = he will eat anything) aghort or aghor-
;
:

panthi (a caste that eats corpses).


Cannon, top, f. (chaldnd).
Canopy, sdya-bdn, gen. :
shamiydna (a very large tent without walls and
with a flat roof).
Cantankerous, iakrdri; hujjatt.
Cantonment, chha,om : Bdzdr Kaptdn (Cant. Magistrate).
Canvas, kirmich (gunny or sacking).
: tdt

Cap, topi, gen. (cap or hat also cap of gun) ;


: halkl topi (cap).

Capable, qdbil.
Capacious, jis men gunjd,ish bahut hai.
Capacity, gunjd,ish, f. ; sanm,%, f .
; pet, m. {lit. belly).
CAP 23 CAR

Caper, to, hakar-kud (f.) k. (spec, of goats) uchhal-kud (f.) k. (to skip of :
;

animals or children or men vide Jump, Spring) hakar-kud nachdnd : :

(to make to run about expresses contempt or annoyance). ;

Capital, punji, f. mul; asl ; sar-mdya, m. (money or stock in trade)


; pa,e :

'
talcht (of a country where the throne is) ddr'' s-saltanat (may be of
;
:

a province).

Capitulate, sharton par hathydr ddlrdend or rakh-dend : qil'a hawdla k. (to


hand over the fort).

Capon, khassi (or hadhya) murgh, 'vide' Gelding).


Captivate, moh-lend or lubhdnd or farefta k.
Captivating, dil-fareb, gen. : mohrn (of women) : diUdvez (of things).

Captive, asir (in war) :


giriftar k. (to take captive, arrest ;
vide Capture).

Captivity, asiri (of war.) :


giriftdri, gen. (capture); qaid (imprisonment).
Captor, giriftar karne-wdld.

Capture, giriftdri (of persons): phasdnd, verb, (of animals; lit. to en-
tangle) pakarnd (to catch)
;
: le-lena or faiah (k.) (of a town).

Caravan, ^ 7
- - -/?/ 1
- - - £
P
'
ytcaravan, m. ; qafila, m. :
karavansara, f., caravansary.

Carbine, qardbm, f. ; Fr.


Carcass, loth, f.

^^^^' ^^' (^^^^^^) (pl^yi"g) kdrad or kdt, m., Eng. (post-card) • :


Card (
Cardijoard '
]
— ^^ ^^^^ chalnd (to play one's cards well): A;%<, m. (card-
( board).
Cardamoms, ild,echi, f.

Care,
— kikhabar leva or Ichabar-ddri karnd (to look after) khabar-giri ;

karnd (to look after a sick person) khabar-ddr, interj. (beware!) : :

mujhe zarra bht parwd nahin (I don't care in the least) fikr, f. or :

chinta, f.
(anxiety, q.v.) vide Charge, Custody. :

Careful, hoshydr (also clever alert sober). ; ;

Careless, gjidfil (neghgent) :


be-parwd (not caring a bit).

Carelessness, ghaflat, f. :
be-parwd,t.
Caress, pydr k. (also to love) : duldr pydr k. (with actions only ;
vide
Stroke) : chummd chat k. (kissing and caressing).
Cargo, bojh, m. ;
and bar, m. (
= load).
Caricature, Jchdka urdnd (by oral description or by drawing).
Carnivorous, gosht-hhwdr.
Carpenter, ba/rhd,l : mistri (also blacksmith).

Carpet, qdlin (large) qdllcha or ghdlicha (small a rag)


: darl (without ;
:

pile) :
shatranjl (finer than a dari ; lit. for playing shatranj or chess) :

sher-i qdlin (a carpet knight also a boaster, etc.). ;

Carriage, gdri, gen. baggl : tam-tam, f ; fitan, f. (phaetonj dfls-jdn, f.


: . ;

(various patterns) thekd gdri (hackney-carriage): sawari (anything


:

for riding or driving includes elephants and dulls, etc. sawdrl is also
; ;

a modern and polite term for wife, as wives travel in conveyances).


Carrier, harkdrd (postal ; also a peon) :
qdsid kabutar (homing-pigeon).
CAR 24 CAT

Carrion, murddr (stinking carrion ;


also anything fresh but not slaughtered
according to the Muslim rite ;
also a term of abuse amongst women) :

murddr-khwdr (carrion-eater > also a vulture).

Carrot, gdjarj m.
Carry le-jdnd and le-chalnd (without ne) uthd le-chalnd (to carry away) : :

dkond (to carry a load, to bear on the head, back, or shoulder): le-
ufnd (to run away with a woman) le-bhdgnd (to carry off) ta^mil : :

karnd or ha-jd Idnd or 'amal men Idnd (to carry into effect) jdrl :

rakhnd or chaldnd (to manage affairs) anjdm dend or piird karnd (to :

carry out, fulfil vide Convey. :

Cart, gdri, gen., vide Carriage: chhakrd (bullock-cart).


Cartage, bojhd,i (the act or the hire).
Cartridge, kdrlus, m. : tontd.

Carve, khodnd wood, stone, or metal).


(in

Case, gj^ildf (of cloth) khdna (if not soft also a compartment)
: vide : :

Scabbard in compounds ddn as qdlam-ddn : is hdlat men or is sural


:

men (in this case) maqaddama, m. (law-suit) vide Question, Matter,


: :

Affair.

700 Cash, n^qd, subs., m. or naqdt, f., subs, or adj. rokar-hisdb (cash-account) : ;

rokar hahi (cash-book) tahvil (disbursement). :

Cash, to, bhundnd or bhanjdnd or tordnd (cheque, coin, etc.).


Cashier, iuhvil-ddr.
Cask, pipd.
Casket, dibyd, f. (any small box, q. v.).

Cast, phenknd or mdrnd or phenk mdrnd (with force) ddlnd (to let drop or

:

cast without force) vide Shed dhdlnd ( in a mould, found)


:
garhnd : :

(ditto of jewelry): langar d. (to cast anchor): phenk-dend (throw


away) chhor-dend (cast off) nikdl-dend (cast out) vide Lots ihsdn
: : : :

jatdnd (to cast in one's teeth, remind of kindnesses but ta'na dend ;

of other things).

Caste, jdt, f., gen , prop, zdt : baran, m. (of Hindus only nich zdt, adj : :

(low-caste) unch-zdt (high-caste)


: zdt-barddari se nikdlnd (to out- :

caste) chaudhri (head of any caste)


: zdt khond (to lose one's caste) :
;

zdt bdhar hond (ditto).

Castor-oil, arandi kd tel.

Castrate, khassi k. (spec, of goats and cocks) :


badhiyd k. (spec, of bulls) :

dkhhia k. (spec, of horses).


Cat, billi : billd (tom-cat) : ban-billd (wild-cat) : vide Secret.

Cataract, motiyd-bind (of eye) : vide Waterfall.

Catarrh, sardi ; zukdm, m. : kandr (of horses).

Catastrophe, vide Accident, Calamity.


Catch, pakarnd ; pakar-lend : vide Arrest and Snare pd-lend or jd-milnd :

(overtake, catch up) sone ki chiryd (a prize, a catch) : vide Eye.


:

Catgut, tdnt, m. (made from sinews).


Catspaw, agu,d {i.e., one shoved in front).

Cattle, gd,e bail ; dangar (in Panjab).


CAU 25 CHA

Cauliflower, phul-gobl.
=
Cause, sabab, m. (pi. as6a6 = causes, but as a singular baggage) :
wajh,
f. baHs ; 'vide' Reason, Motive.
;

Cauterize, /aZawa ; da gk dend : 'vide' Brand.

Caution, hoshydri : khdbar-ddrl.

Cautious, dekh bhdl Tear kdm karnd ; dd,en bd,en dekh-kar.


Cavalcade, sawdri.
Cavalry, risala (not necess. Native Cavalry) :
sawdr, pi.

Cavern, ghdr, m.
Ceaselessly, vide Continuously.
Ceiling, chhat, i. (roof or ceiling) :
chhat-parda (the ceiling-cloth under
thatch).
Celebrate, mandnd (of any joyous festival khushi mandnd, to ;
make merry)
but bydk or shddi rachdnd (of a marriage).
Celebrated, mashhur.; mashhur o ma'ruf ; ndnii or ndm-war (famous).
Celebration, vide Occasion and Celebrate shddi kl dhum dhdm ke waqt :

ndgdh ek sawdr d-pakunchd (during the marriage celebration, a trooper


suddenly arrived).
Celestial, dsmdni.
Cellar, tah-khdna.

Cement, vildyatl mittl, or simint, f. (Portland) :


gach, f. (Indian) : vide
Mortar.
Cemetery, vide Graveyard.
Centre, markaz, m. bickon blch : men (exactly in the ).

Ceremonious, takallufi ; pur-takalluf.


Ceremony, rit, f., and rasm, f.

Certain, yaqlnl; pakkd; thik (sure) : vide Determine: ko,% or ek (pronoun).

Certainly, be-shakk (without doubt) : albatta ; aur kyd (what else, of course).

Certainty, yaqin, m.
Certificate, sdrtifikat, m. and f. ; chitihl, f . :
sanad, f.

Certify, to, sanad dend.


Chafe, malnd or mdlish karnd (rub, to groom, etc.) ragarnd, tr. and ragar. :

jdnd or khdnd, intr. (to rub, gale).


Chaff, bhusa (chopped straw) bJiusi (what is blown away by the wind).
:

Chain, zanjlr, f., gen.: zanjird (large, as in ships): 2;aw;tn (curb-chain) :

chen^ f., Eng. (of watch).


Chair, kursi : chauki (prop, a kind of low table for sitting on ;
also a
police post, and the act of patrolling).
Chalk, kJiaryd mitti.
Challenge, lalkdrnd ( — to fight ;
also to shout out at, to make alert) : rok
tok karnd (of sentries) : kham thokke khard ho-jdnd (to accept the
challenge).
Chamber, kothi (of gun) vide Room pdt^ m., Eng. (chamber-pot).
: :

Champ, chabdnd or chdbnd {lit. to chew).


CHA 26 CHA
Chance, iUifdq^ m. ; ittifdq'^*^ adv. (by chance) : vide Opportunity and
Likelihood.

Change, subs., tabdUi, f. :


rezgdri or rezgl (small money) do-anni, chau-annl :

(in silver bits)


paisd :
(in copper) phirtd (change received after
:

making a purchase).
Change, to, phir-jdnd (of season or circumstances) :
hadalnd, tr. and intr.
(to change one's clothes, goods at a shop) : hadll karnd (to put in the
place of ;
of sentries, regiments, horses in a relay) :
badal-jdnd, intr.,
and badaUdend, tr. (to be changed, and to be changed for by mistake) :

odllbadR k. (to exchange) tordnd (of money) but tornd (to give back :
;

in change of the sarrdf).


;

Changeable, kahhx kuchh kabhi kuchh ; ghan men told ghafi men mdsha (in
temper, or in constitution).
Channel, ndld, m. (large) {bandnd or kdtnd) ; nail (small ;
also a tube) :

'
rah vide
: Stream and Drain.
'

Chapter, bdb : sura (of Quran).


Character, chdl-chalan, m. :
bad-chalan, adj. (of bad character).
Characteristic, khdssa, m. or khdssiyat, f.

Charcoal, lakri kd ko,eld.


" "
Charge, supurdagi m,en dend ; hawdla karnd ; kdm sonpnd ; chdrij dend
or samjhdnd (all = to give over charge) kdm apne zimme lend or :

*' " lena (to take over charge) vide Custody, Care
chdrij Idgat (total ;
:

actual cost) kharch (expenditure).:

Charge, hamla or halla {k.) (attack of Cav. or Inf.) jhapat, f. (parnd) (to- :

pounce on met. of Attack, q.v.)


;
ilzdm (gen. of crime) tuhmat, f. :
; ;

(false charge) vide Accusation ;vide Loud and Injunction. :

Charger, paretl ghord.


Charitable, hhair khairdl karne-wdld (Muslim) :
dan-pun karne-wdld (Hindu) :

khairdti (got in charity) khairdti hospital, ;


m. (charitable hospital) r

khairdt-khdna (a charitable institution).


Charity, vide Alms.
Charm, par jddu karnd ; or jddu chaldnd or phenknd (by magic) ;
kisi
mohnd lubhdnd ; farefta karnd dil lend (to fascinate).
; ;

Charmer, mantrl, one who repeats spells jddu-gar, m. and jddu-garni, f. :

(magician, of black magic): 'dmil (of white magic): dil-rubd or dil-


ddr or dil-bar (of a woman ' '
vide Beloved ;
.

Charming, dil-fareb (gen.; persons or things) ; dil-chasp (also = interesting j


of things) dil-kash (of things).
:

Chartered, sanad-ydfta.
Chase, vide Pursue and Hunt.
Chaste, 'ismat-ddr or pdk-ddman (spec, of women) pdk (gen. of look^ :
;

thought, and of people) fasth (in rhetoric). :

Chatter, to, gap hdnknd (of idle or false chatter) bak bak (f.) or bakvds (f.) :

karnd (talking too much) chichydna (of monkeys and met. of :

women) bolnd (of birds) ten ten karnd (of parrots also of the cry
: .
;

of falcons when annoyed).


Chattering, ddnt bajnd intr. (of teeth).
CHA 27 CHI

Chatty, hdtuni (pleasantly chatty).


Cheap, sastd ; sast-mol ; kam-mol or —dam : arzdn : kauriyon ke mol, adv.,
dirt-cheap.
Cheapen, dam or mol ghatdnd :
'
vide
'

Bargain and Haggle.


Cheat, ^Aagr, subs. :
thagl, cheating: thagnd and thag dend, tr., to cheat:
vide Deceive.

Check, vide Stop, Hinder, Remove, Challenge, Examine, Compare.


Cheek, gal, m. rukhsdra, m.; ; kalla, m. (in Urdu, cheek and jaw; in
Persian, head).
* '

Cheer, to, hahldnd (to amuse


dil of persons) ;
: dil khush karnd ; vide
Comfort, Console ji mat hdro or chhoro, or : he-dil mat ho (cheer up,
don't be disheartened): "chiyars'' dend (a newspaper term for
applause).
Cheerful, magan (in mind) hashfshdsh (of face)
: hashshdsh hashshdsh :
(in
face and mind) ; hans-mukh (of laughing countenance) .

Cheerless, udds (sad ;


of persons or places) :
be-raunaq (of faces or places).
Cheese, famr, m.
Cherish, Allah dmin se pdlnd (of a favourite child) : dnkhon kl putll banana
(of children).

Cherry, dlu hdlu ; gilds (Pers., and in Kashmir).

Chesnut, surang (the colour): mahu,d^ surang or teliyd-surang (liver-


chesnut).^
Chess, shatranj, m. (khelnd) hisdt, f. (the chess-board or chess-cloth
: ;
lit.

anything spread out) :


shatranj-bdz (chess-player).
Chest, sanduq, m. (gen. vide Box) pett (of any material but big)
; ;
:

" dardz
", m. (of drawers) sma, m. or chhdti, f. (the breast) chhdti- : :

and (chest-foundered of a horse). ;

Chew, chabdnd, gen. : chdbnd (of things not swallowed, as sugarcane) :

vide Champ.
^^^^^ (^^ domestic fowl vide Eyess) patthd (a poulet also a
:
;
Chick (
;

Chicken '
squab of a pigeon, or a young wrestler) murghd, cock and :
;

( murghi, hen : vide Chiq.

Chief, \^sarddr,
m. (leader), and sarddran, sarddrin, or sarddrm, f. :

Chieftain, j khdssa (special) : sarddrl (chiefship) .

Child, bachcha, m. (boy or girl) : vide Children : vide Boy and Girl ;
ummed
se hond, to be with child.

Childish, larkon kd sd ; larak-pan, etc., kd


Childless, be-auldd, gen. : Id-walad (who has never had a child).
Children, larke bale ; kachche bachche (of many children) auldd, f. sing., :

and bdl-bachche, m. pi. (offspring) vide Child and Descendants. :

Chili, Idl mirch, f.

Chimney, chimni, f., Eng. (spec, of oil-lamps) : dud-kash or bambd (of fire-
place).

i.e., of the colour of the blossom of the well-known mahu,a or mahuwa tree,
1

the fruit of which is so attractive to bears. Teliya as though oil had been rubbed on
it:
teliya kumet, dark bay.
CHI 28 CIT

Chin, ihuddi.
China, chtnl ke bartan, etc. (the ware) : Ghtn (the country) :
chinr, atlj.
(Chinese).

Chink, jhanjhanahcU ,
f. (of coins).

Chintz, chhint, f. {lit. a small spot).


Chip, chhfptty f. (ufdnd).
Chiq, chiq, f., T.

Chiropodist, (no word ; performed by hajjdm).


Chisel, rukhdni, chheni.
Chock, rtf, m. (anything inserted behind a wheel, on a hilly road).

Choice, pasand, m. ikhtiydr, m. (will).


:

Choke, gala ghotnd, tr. : narett dabdnd: dam ghutne lagd (in eating).

Cholera, haiza, m. fasli himdn ; dast-qai, m. (Z«7. diarrhoea and vomiting)


; ,
:

haiza karke mar-gayd (he died of cholera).


**
Chop, chap,'^ m., Eng. (of meat) : urd-dend (to chop off a head).
Chopper, hughdd (butcher's).
Christ, Masih.
Christian, 'Isd^t, gen. : Kristdn (native Christian) Kirdni (a half-caste :

Christian ; also any clerk) vide Eurasian and Half-Caste.


:

Christmas, Bard din ; Kishmish.


Chronic, purdrii himdrl.
Church, girjd, m. (from Port. Igreja) :
girje kd qahiristdn (churchyard).
Cinnamon, ddr-chmi.
Cipher, sifr, m. ramz :
(a secret) :
hech. Per. adj.-pron. (
^a mere cipher).
Circle, dd,ira, m. chakkar (anything round or circular) chak-
; gherd, m. : :

kar lagdnd (to turn or go round and round voluntarily) chakkar :

khdnd (ditto involuntarily) vide Surround. :

'

Circuit, daura (of judge ; also


'
tour of an official).

Circuitous, ckakkar-ddr ; pher kd [but pher phdr kdr zig-zag]. ;

Circular, chakkar-ddr (of road, etc., but gol-chakkar of complete circle):


chakkar-chdl (of motion).
Circumcision, musalmdnl (k.)', sunnat (k.).

Circulate, ghumna, intr. (of people) : chalnd (of money) : chaldnd and jdri
karnd : daurdn karnd (of blood) : vide Publish.

Circumlocution, pher kt hdt.

Circumference, gherd, m., gen.


Circumstance, hdt^ f Mly m. kaifiyat, f. vide Affair, State khush-JmU
.
; ; ;
:

(in easy circumstances opp. to tang-Jmll) : yih Jmldt par mauquf hai ;

(this depends on circumstances).

Cistern, pant kd khazdna : hauz, m. (a cemented bath in mosques ; any


pakkd artificial tank or swimming bath, etc.).

Citizen, shahn, subs, and adj. (dweller in a city) vide Subject. :

Citron, khattd.
City, shahr, m. :
nagar, m. :
— nh^d and — pHr (in compounds).
CIV 29 CLO

Civil, mulki (as opposed to jangi) : diwdni (as opposed to faujddrl or crimi-
nal) :
hhdnajangi (civil war) : vide Polite.

Civility, d,o hhagat,f. [se pesh and)


(of equals) ikhldq, m. (gen. of shop- :
;

keeper, friend, etc. but akhldq, pi., = morals). ;

Civilize, ddmt or insdn handnd : muhazzab, civilized \wuh hard insdn


I
;

Civilized, ddmi hai = he is very humane].


)

Claim, da'wq k.
to,

Claimant, da'm-ddr ; mudda'i (in Court).

Clamorous, ghaughd^ (of birds, etc., or men ;


also = obstreperous).
Clandestine, chorl chhupe, adv.; kd, adj.
Clap, tall hajdnd.
Clash, jhankdrnd (of arms, metals, rup.ees, etc.): larnd (of dates, interests).
Class, darja, m. (of people ; Ry. carriages) :
jamd'at, f . (at school) : vide
Caste.
Claw, ndkhun (nails of birds, animals, humans) ; changul or panja^ lit. and
met. (the whole foot).
'

Clay, chiknl mitt} : vide Mud. '

Clean, sdf (k.) : suthrd (k.) :


pdk, (gen. relig.).

Cleanliness, safd.i ; suthrd, i.


* '
Clear, shaffdf transparent) sdf shaffdf :
{lit. vide Manifest, Evident. :

Clear (away) hatdnd or dur karnd (obstacles) ; vide Solve and Acquit :

se sdf tapnd (in a jump) dsmdn khul-jdnd (of the weather). :

Clerk, kaldrak, Eng. : munshi and bdbu (mod. usages) muharrir (now gene- :

rally applied to a vernacular writer) mdl-munshi (goods- clerk) vide : :

Christian and Half-Caste.


Clever, vide Able hoshydr, gen., (intelligent) chaturd (gen. in a bad sense):
: :

sydnd Hindustan gen. in a bad sense, but not so in the Punjab


(in ;

also = arrived at years of discretion) chdldk (often in a bad sense, :

"
also
" active "
cunning" ; q.v.)
Cleverness, hoshydri chaturd} ; sydnd-pan ; chdldki.
;

Client, dsdrm (this word has many meanings; vide Diet.) ;


muwakkal (law-
yer's client).
Cliff, (no good word) pahdr (or samundar) kd khard bdzu.
:

Climate, hawd, f. ;
db o Tiawd.
Climb,
— par charhnd.
Cling, to,
—se chimat-jdnd :
lipatnd (entwine; also to cling to).
Clip, to, chhdntnd (slightly also to thin out)
; katarnd : (to : cut with
scissors) ,
vide Cut.

Cloak, lahddd, gen. bdrdnl or bdrdn-kot (waterproof) chogjid (a sort of


: :

dressing gown gen. of Kashmir or Kabul pattern) parda ddlnd (gen.


;
:

to conceal a fault of another =parda-poshl k.) vide Conceal. ;


:

Clock, dharm-ghari (any clock) :


ghari-sdz (clock or watchmaker) :
ghantd
ghar (clocktower).
Clod, dheld (of earth) vide Villager gobar-ganesh (a dirty clodhopper)
: : :

Close, bhernd (set ajar, of doors) band k. (shut) hisdb band karnd (close : :

an account; either temporarily or permanently).


CLO aO COH

Closet, khiltoat, f., or Uiilioat-khdna, m. (a private room) : kisl kesdth khiU


wat harnd (to have a private interview with).

Clot, dala and dali (of blood, milk ; a lump of sugar ;


a clod of earth) :

vide Clod.

Cloth, kapra.
Clothe, kaprO' 'dena (the poor) :
kapfd pahndnd : rott kapfd dend (to feed
and clothe).
Clothes, kapre, pi. :
libas, m. (raiment) :
poahdk, f.
(wearing apparel).
Cloud, hddal, m. hadU, f. ahr, m. (all gen.)
; ghatd, ; : f. (thick cloud) :

hddal chhdyd hu^d (cloudy) sdf or khuld (cloudless). :

Clove, laung, f.

Clover, tirpaiyd ("three-leafed*') :


shafted.

Club, lath, m. and Idthi^ f. (a heavy stick, long and often bound with brass):
kalab, m. and kalab-ghar, m., Eng. (social club).
Clue, paid, m. (also = address) {milnd, pdnd; lagdnd) : surdgji, m.
Clumsy, hhaddd (ungainly, i.e., awkward-looking and slow in movement) :

phuhar (in Sictions ; also of women = a bad and slovenly housewife):


uzhak (clumsy, awkward and ignorant; lit. Uzbeg) andn^ (inexpert,
:

raw in his work) he-dhangd. :

Cluster, gJtuncha (bandhnd) (of flowers, etc; a bunch of grapes, keys, stars) :

kkosha (a bunch of grapes, or an ear of corn).


Clutch, kisi ke panje men parnd (to fall into the clutches of).

Coagulate, jamnd^ intr. and jamdnd, tr. (to clot, curdle, congeal).
Coal, patthar kd ko^eld : angdrd (a live coal, ember); kdld-ko,eld (coal-
black).
Coarse, moid (not fine also fat) ;
: vide Unrefined :
motd-pan or motd.i
(coarseness ; also fatness).
Coast, samundar kd kindra.
Coat, koty m. (Eng. pattern) :
kurtd, kurtt (gen.).
* *
Coax, phusldnd ; vide Cajole.
Cobbler, chamdr (a caste) : mochi (one that makes boots).
Cobweb, mxikri kd jdld.

Cock, murghd : asil-murgh (game-cock) apni gaU men kuttd bhi sher hai :

(
= every cock is proud on his own dung- hill) ghord (cock of a gun) : :

chirye ke holte (
= cock-crow).

Cock-fighting \
^^^^"^^^ •
'>nur^-bdzi (cock-fighting).

Cocoa-nut, ndriyal, m., gen. :


khoprd (ripe).

Coffee, qahtva, m. kdfi, f. (Eng.) bun (the berry) qahwa-Tckdna (coffee-


: : :

house) qahwa-ddn (coffee-pot).


:

Coffin, tdbut, m. (also means bier Muslims seldom bury in coffins, which ;

however are used to transport corpses to a distance) sanduq. :

'
Cognizance, sundyt {hond) :
*
vide Power.
Cohabit, suhbat karnd ; ham-bistar hond.

i Anarl Maffietret, Honorary Magistrate ; a jibe.


COH 31 COM

Coherence, mel, m. ; laga,o, m. ; jor. m.


Coin, sikka, m. {dhalna or banana) : khota or jaHi sikka (false — chaltd
sikka (current )
: khard sikka (good — ).
)
:

Coincide, mutabiq hond or ek sdih hand : thik baithnd.

Cold, thandd (also passionless) thandd paid (very cold, of any- ; sard :

thing) thand, f. and sardi,


:
jdrd (of weather; also feeling cold and f. :

ague) :
jdre, pi. the cold season) sardi, f. or zukdm, m. (the dis- :

ease) : vide Shivering.

Colic, qulinj (gen.) kurkuri (of horses only) vide Gripes.


: :

Collar, pattd or paid (of dog, etc.) halqa (horse-collar) kdlar, m. (Eng. : :
;

of linen) girebdn (of coat, etc.) girebdii pakarnd or girebdn men hath
: :

ddlnd (to collar) :

Collect, ikatthd or jama' karnd: apne ta-in sanbhdlnd (to collect oneself).
Collector, kalattar, vulg., and kalaktar (of a district) : sdhib-i-zila* (Deputy
Commissioner).
College, kdlij, m. :
mxidrasa, (also a school).
Collegian, tdlib-i-Hlm.
Collide, takrdnd ; takkar (f.) khdnd ; larnd.

Colloquial, bdt chit kd or roymarra kd, adj.


Colonel, karnel.
Colocynth, tumma, m.
Colonize, dbdd karnd ; basdnd.

Colony, nau-dbddi.
Colour, rang, m. halkd rang (light
gahrd rang (deep maddham rang — —
(medium — ; ) )

nishdn, m. or jhandi (colours of a regiment) rangnd,


)
:
;
:

tr., gen., (to colour) rang bharnd (of paintings only) rang charhdnd : :

(to make a thing look better than it is) us kd rang be-rang hu,d :

(he changed colour).


Coloured, rangin.
Colt, vide Filly.
Comb, kanghi, f. (karnd) :
tdj, m. (of cock ;
lit. crown) : meri hibi merd sar
mund-ddlegi = my wife will comb my hair for me (fig.).

Combination, mel, m. ; ittifdq, m. : at sat (k.) (for ill


purposes).
Combined, muttufiq.
Comer, dte jdte = dne-jdne-wdle (comers and goers).
Comet, dumddr sitdra : jhdru tdrd.
Comfort, to, samjhdnd; tasallidend : dildsd dend (also to encourage; quiet a
restive horse) tasalli pdnd to be comforted.
:

Command, hukm (order and word of command), pi. ahkdm, m. 'vide' :

Authority, Control, Order.


Commander, J kamdnir, Eng. qiPa-ddr (of a fort) jangi Idt or sipdh : :

Commandant, 5 sdldr (C.-in-C) kumeddn, Eng. (Commandant). :

Commemoration, ydd-gdri.
'

Commence, shuru' k. (' vide Begin) nddhnd, Tr. (to begin a work) kisi : :

kdm men hdth lagdnd : pahal kis ne ki (who commenced the fight 1 who
was the aggressor ?) vide Begin and Start: muqaddama khard karna :

(to commence a lawsuit). Vide " Stumbling- Blocks," XXII, p. 30.


COM 32 COM
Commencement, shuru\ m.; ibtidd, f. pahal, t (to do a thing first). ;

Commend, 'vide* Entrust, Recommend, Praise.


Comment, ray T^ahir karnd (orally), and ray likhna : vide Annotate.
* '

Commerce, vide Trade and Intercourse.


Commercial, Hjdrail ; saitddgan kd : bazar kd dastur (commercial usage '

mahdjam sdkh, or i'iihdr (commercial credit). — ;

' '

Commingle, mil-jul-jdnd : vide Mingle.


Commission, dasturi or dalldll (brokerage) sanad, f. (warrant mil. :
; com-
mission) kdm :
(a friendly act): kamtshan, m., Eng. (money com-
mission also = mission)
;
.

Commit, vide Entrust and Imprison : daura sipurd {karnd and hond) (for
trial).

Committee, kamitt, i. :
panchdyat, f.

Commodity, jins, f.
gen., pi. ajnds, f mdl, m. gen. sauddgan kd mdl. .
; ;

(inerchandise) ; savdd, m. (things purchased in the market).


Common, 'dmm (vulgar, public ;
also belonging to several) :
sdjhe kd (be-
longing to several) :ma'muU (ordinary) vide Abundant sab kt :
' '
:

marzt or rdy se (by common consent) bdzdri log or 'dmm log (the :

common people) : 'dmm dastur or ma'mul (common practice) motl :

samajh (common sense) : shdmildt (common ground, of a community,


not of the public).
Commonly, aksar : bahut karke, vulg. 'umum-an : 'urf, m. (adv. = com- :

monly called not a nickname). ;

Commotion, hal-chal (agitation or excitement in streets) khal-bali (ditto ;

in mind) vide Tumult and Confusion.


:

Communication, vide Information, etc. rasta, darwdza (passage) dmad o : :

raft, f. {k.) (coming and going, between people) bol chdl, f. (k.) (of :

speech) : chitthi chapdtl^ f. {k.)


= Jchatt khitdbat {k.) (by writing).

Community, jamhur, and adj. jamhuri (the public) : musalmdnon ki jama-


'at (the Muslim Community).

Compact, adj., gathd hu^d (natural or artificial): vide Condition, Promise.

Companion, sdtM or sangati (companion) rafiq (comrade) musdhib (of : :

great people an A.D.C.) ;

Compare, to, mildnd or mildkar dekhnd ; muqdbala k. ; farq nikdlnd.


Compass, kampds, m., Eng. (any compass) qutub-numd (mariner's) parkdr,

: :

f. (a pair of )
: vide Ability, Boundary, Extent, Competent.
Compassion, vide Pity.
Co'iipassionate, )ralnm (of God) rahm-dil (of men) tars khdkar (com- : :
'

Compassionately, J passionately).
Compass, to, kar-chhornd or karke chhornd or karke rahnd (to intend and
succeed in vide Hind. Man., p. 87 (e).
;

Compatriot, desH bhd,! ; ham-watan.


Compel, expressed by (1) zabardasti se or jabr-an and a causal verb, (2) a
causal verb prefixed to chhornd (' vide also Compass), (3) par inajbur
'

or nd-chdr karnd.

" '•
Tars, vulg., taras, m., H. pity, etc." ; but tare, vulg., taras, m., P. fear.
alarm,"
COM 33 CON

Compensate, hadla or 'iwaz dend : taldfi karna : kasr (f.) nikdlnd : aur men
tamdm din B
mihnat thikdne (or haqq) lagi and all my day's labour (

was compensated by this).
us ki samajh (or liydqat) se bdhar hai (he is not
Competent, ld,iq qdhil

:
;

competent to ).

Competition, \muqdbala (k.) : muqdbale kd imtihdn (competitive examina-


Competitive, J tion) vide Confront, Oppose.
:

Compete, hardban k. (said of an inferior who vies with a superior.)


Complain, farydd or ndlish k. {se of person and ki of thing ; before a supe-
rior) gila or shikwa k.
:
(of persons) :
skikdyat k. , gen. , (of persons or
diseases, etc.)
Complainant, jaryddi or ndlishl, (before a superior) ddd-khivdh (ditto) ; :

mudda'i, leg.
Complete, \purd {k.) ; tamdm [k.) : hhatm karnd (to end): anjdm ko
Completed, j pahunchdnd : mukammal (k.) (completed) taiydr (ready). :

Complex, vide Intricate.


Complexion, rang, ra. (colour) :

Complication, vide Entanglement, Intricacy.


Complicity, shirkat, f.

Compliment, vide Praise and Salute.


Comply, mdnnd ; qabul k. : taslim k. ; manzur k.
Component, juz, subs, m., ajzd, m., pi. (component parts).
Compose, kahnd (poetry) tasnlf k. or likhnd (of an author)
: : dil thikdne
k. or havdss jama' k. (to compose oneself).
Composed of,
— kd band hu,d ;
— se murakkab.
Compromise, chukautd, m. (gen.) rdzl-ndmd {likhwdnd) (written) itne

: :

rupai par sulh ho-ga,i (it was compromised for ).


Compulsion, \dabd^o, m. (pressure) zor, m. (force) jabr, m. (tyranny) : : :

Compulsory, J zabar-dasti kd, or jabrl, (compulsory).


Computation, \Msa6, m. {k.) : shumdr, m. (k.) ; ginti, i. {k.) ; anddza, m.
Compute, J (k.) (estimate) vide Count. :

Comrade, rafiq : ham-dam (that always lives with one); wc?e Companion
and Friend.
Conceit, khud-pasand, adj. and khud-pasandi, subs.: akarfun, f. [k.) (spec.
of good looks) apni Hlmiyat ki [?J letdhai (he is very conceited about
:

his learning).

Conceive, ko pet rahnd (in the womb) vide Imagine. :

Concentrate, vide Collect: khiydl jamdnd (to concentrate one's attention).


Concerning, ke bdre men ; — ki nisbat.
Concession, rrdyat, f.
(privilege, q.v.) :
ri'dyait tikat, m. (a concession
railway ticket).
Conch, sankh, m.
Conciliate, khush or rdzl karnd : mandnd (of an angry person).
Concisely, thori Hbdrat men.
Conclave, gup chup kd jalsa (secret).
Conclude, vide Settle, Finish, End natija or ma'ni nikdlnd, and :
murdd 950
lena (infer, q.v.) khuldsa yih hai { = '' now to conclude—").
:

5
CON 34 CON

Conclusive, vide Decisive.


Concoction, pachmel, m. : vide Story.

Concur, kisi kt bat (or ray) ae ittijaq k, : vide Agree and Consent.
Concussion, takkaVy f. ; vide Shock.

Condemn, ki^ par *aib lagdna, or qusurwdr thahrdnd (to fix the blame on) :

mujrim thahrdnd (legal) maut kd hukm sundnd : ndqis or nikamma


:

thahrdnd (
- as unfit for further use).

Condemnation, sazd kd hukm.


Condescend, wuh mujh se holrid gawdrd nor-karegd (he won't condescend to
speak to me) mere wdste itni takllf gawdrd kljiye (condescend to do
:

this for me).

Condition, Jidl, m. or hdlat, f. ; ahwdl, m. sing, (but pi. in Ar.) :


sural, i.

(alsoappearance) shart^ f. (stipulation with karnd or lagdkd, but


:
;

with latter verb also = to bet) shartt, adj. (conditional) vide Rank. : :

Condole, ham-dardi zdhir karnd, gen. (to sympathize) mdtam-pursi k. or :

pursd dend (on death).


Conduct, fi'l, m. (on a particular occasion) :
ravish, f. or ramya, m. (gen.) :

vide Character: mde Arrange, Manage: rdh'numd,i k. to show the


way.
Conductor, kandaktar, Eng. (in trams also in Commissariat). ;

Confectioner, halwd,t (sells sweets and cakes native only) mit}M,%-wdld ; :

(gen. Eur. or Ind.).


;

Confederate, shartk (partner).


Conference, mashwara ki majlis : kdnfarans, m. or f., Eng.
Confess, ) —kd iqrdr k. —kd iqbdl k. {iqhdl also
: = good fortune) :
purd
Confession, J iqrdr {k.) (a full confession).
Confidant, hhedu, adj. and subs. : rdzddr : mahram.
Confide,
— par bharosd k. (or rakhnd, according to sense) pariHibdr k. ;

(rely on ;
a person or thing) kisi ko bhed (or rdz) batdnd (a secret to
:

anyone).
Confidently, yaqin ke sdth.
Confirm, pakkd k. (vulg.) and mustaqil k. (of an appointment).
Confiscate, zcibt k. : qurq k.

Conflicting, us ki dalilen ek dusri se larti hain (his statements are conflict-


ing).
Confront, to,

kd sdmnd k. (on purpose) muqdbala k. : do chdr hona (acci- :

dentally): datnd (to stand one's ground, not


to retreat).

Confound, gar bar or gad mad k. (of things, words) hakka bakkd k. (to :

dumbf ounder = ghabrdhat men ddlnd) : vide Dismay and Ruin.


Confuse, uljhdnd (of things; lit. entangle): uljhd,o men ddlrid^ghabrdJmt
men ddlnd) : hosh khond (make another confused).
Confused, to be, ghabrdnd or ghabrd-jdnd ; hosh jdtd-rahna : hosh khoyd-
jdnd.
Confusion, gar bar, m. (gen.) uljhan, f. (of thought) and uljhd,o (gen.)
: :

pareshdni = gJiabrahat : vide Tumult.


Confute, vide Repute.
Congeal, jamnd, intr. ;
and jamdnM, tr.
CON 35 eON

Congenial, tahi'at ke mundsib.


ongra u a e, .
rmubdrak-bad kahna t
; mubarak-bad{l) ,

Congratulatory, mubdrak-bdd kd.


Congregation, majma' ,
m. (gen.).
Conjecture, qiyds k. ; khiydl k. (imagine) : atkal k. (guess) :
gumdn k. (think
also = to doubt).

Conjectural, qiydsi.
Conjure, Tchudd kl qasam dend : jddu or manfxir ke zor se buldnd, or pciidd
karnd, (of magician).
Conjurer, batta-bdz ; or shu'bada-bdz (profess, juggler).
Connection, dur ke risJite men or barddari men: — se ta'alluq (or 'ildqa)
rakhnd (gen. ;
also carnal).
Connive, chashm-posM, k, (simply to wink at) : dndkdni d. (to turn the
eyes from, to connive).
Connoisseur, us ko fuldni chiz kl ban parakh hai.

Conquer, ^jath country, or a fort) zerk. (a people)


(f.) k. (a
—par

: :
(jhdlib
Conquest, j Jiond (overcome) men or ko jitnd (win). :

Conscience, zamir, m. imdn, m. (vulg. lit. faith).


:
;

Conscious, mujhe ydd nahin ; mujhe khabar na-thi.

Consciousness, hosh men and (to regain ).

Consecrate, khudd kl rdhmen dend: vaqf k. (gen., but spec, of property).


Consecutive, silsila-wdr.
Consent, rdzl h. (with par of things and se of persons; also = to be pleased
with): manzur k. (approve): razd-mandl, i.; manzuri ; marzl ; khushl.
Consequence, natlja m.. or hdsil (result): phaly m. [lit., fruit) anjdm {liL, :

end) khair kuchh bat nahln = kuch haraj (or muzdyaqa) nahln (it is of
:

no consequence).
Consider, sochnd or bichdrnd (ponder) :
ghaur k. (ponder deeply) : vide
Think.
Considerable, bahut kuchh.
Considerate, har ek bat par naukaron kd lihdz kartd hai (he is very consi-
derate to his servants).
Consideration, soch or bichdr (pondering, q.v.) vide Think yih bat zer-i : :

tajwlz hai (this matter is under consideration) tere bdp kd lilmz



:

karke (out of consideration to your father) vide Influence. :

Consignment, chdldn, f. (of goods).


Consist,
— men hai —
is ki .*
fuldn juldn
^
chlz se band hu,d hai (is made of).
1000
Consistence, gdrhd-pan (thickness of fluids).
Console, tasalll or taskln karnd and dend : dildsd dend (also to quiet a
restless horse, etc.) :
dil-jam\l karnd : dhsu ponchhnd, met.
Consolatory, tasalll-bakhsh.
Conspicuous, jahdn sab kl nazar pare : 'dmm guzar-gdh (a public passing
place) vide Famous.
:

Conspire, sdzish karnd; bandish bdndhrid (also to make restrictions).


1
In Urdu if the fi is not made nasal, the word {fulan, vulg. falan) means *aurat
kl farj.
CON 36 CON

Constancy i
^^^ Faithful, Fidelity, Resolute, Continuous, Frequent.

Consternation, dil H ghabrahat : hairdni ; hakka hakkd hond (also a verb).


Constipation, qabzy m.
Constitution, quwa, m. pi. (Ar. pi. of quimoat; lit. powers).
Constrained, hut hi tarah (=in a constrained position; and also to sit

silent as an image).

Construction, bandvat, f. (of things) : sdkht (of cloth or things) vide


Meaning.
scddk {karnd — or se lend another) mashwara k.
Consult,
Consultation,
)

i (
—together) together,
kisi ki rdy : lend : kisi H
marzi kd pds (or
;

liJidz) karnd (to consult the wishes of) : vide Ignore.

Consumption, kharch, m. sarf, m. (expenditure) vide Waste


; sill, m. ;
:

(according to hakims the second stage of diqq or lasting fever).


Contagion, \chhut ki bimdri (contagious disease): wabd,i bimdri (infec-
Contagious, ) tious disease the atmosphere has become pestilentious).
;

Contain, \aind, intr. (gen.) samdnd, intr. (to be contained or to :

Contained, to be, J go through an aperture of one body) is bakas men ;


:

bahut gunjd,ish nahin (this box won't hold much) dil ko qdbu men :

nahin rakh-sakd (I could not contain myself from joy or anger) main ;
:

^usse ko rok nahin-sakd : apne ta,in (or ghusse ko, etc.,) zabt karna.
Contaminate, dluda k. (things) nd-pdk k. (of persons or things). :

Contemplate, \vide Consider and Intend gydn, m. (k.) (relig. of



: ;

Contemplation, J Hindus): murdqaba {k. or men hond) (relig.; of


Muslims).
Contempt, hiqdrat, f. haqir (or
:
zaM) samajhnd (verb and subs.).
Jj) Contemptible, zalil (mean or low by actions) kamina (by birth or actions)
: :

haqir (for actions) :


pdji (scoundrel).
Contemptuous, jo hiqdrat se auron ko dekhtd hai.
Contend, vide Argue and Fight.
Content, rdzi ;

se khush hai : wuh har hdl men khush hai (he is always
contented) vide Contentment.
:

Contentious, jhagrdlu (
= quarrelsome) hujjatl (objector, always argues).
:

Contentment, qand^at, f. :seri = having all one wants


( also satiet}'^). ;

Contents, chiz, f. : mazmun (purport of a letter, etc.).

Contest, muqdbala {k') (gen.) : vide Argue, Fight, Dispute, Struggle, etc.

Context, qarina (also = indication ; likelihood).

Contiguous, lagd hu,d : satd hu,d (also stuck together).

Continence, ) vide Chaste and Chastity 'auraton se parhez hai : shddi us :

Continent, f shakhs ke liye mundsib hai jo shahwat ko qdbu men nahin


rakh saktd ; langot-band (has no sexual intercourse of celibates) ;
:

parhez-gdr (one that avoids bad deeds).


'
*^^*7^ >' H^if^ ^^ ^^^ ittifdqif adj.
Co^t'^ff^nt^' (

Continual, bdr bdr kd : d,e din kd (of every day) [also expressed by jdnd :

with a present participle prefixed] vide Always, Daily. :

Continuance, qiydm (of a custom, a building) bar qardri (of abstract :

things) : vide Perseverance.


CON 37 CON

Continue, rahna ; jari rahnd : usi tarah (or waisa M) khush rahd (he conti-
nued happy).
Continuous, lagdtdr, adj. and adv.
i harabar kd : [also expressed by :

Continuously, ^'a/ia with an inflected past partic, as parhe-gayd or by


i

rahnd with uninflected past partic, as din hhar pard-rahd.


Contraband, nd-jd,iz mdl.
Contract, ihekd, m. {I. and d.) : ijdra {I. or d.) : dast-dwez (f.) likhnd (gen. ;

to write a bond) tamassuk (m.) likhnd (to write a money-bond)


: :

iqrdr-ndma (any deed of contract) vide Compact and Bargain su- : :

karnd, intr. (to shrink, of persons or things sukernd, tr. tang k. ;


:

Contractor, theka-ddr.
Contradict, bdt kdtnd (also = to interrupt), and jhutldnd : bar khildf hond (of
things).
Contrary, (bar) khildf (
— to) : ulte and ultd, adv. (on the contrary).

Contrast, vide Compare : zidd (of colours) : zamin dsmdn kd farq (of great
difference).
Contribution, madad (no pi.) (dend).
f. (of a
Contrivance, hikmat, thing) tadbir, f. (plan). :

Contrive, tadbir {with karnd, gen., but with pakdnd


^ —for some time) hik- :

mat se or tadbir karke bhdg-gayd (I contrived to escape) [also ex- ;

pressed by a compound with chhornd or rahnd 'vide' "Hind.


Man.," p. 86-7.].
Control, qdbii or ikhtiydr or hdth men rakhnd : kahne men rakhnd: wuh
mujh se cannot control him) vide Stop rok, m. qahza
nahin dabtd (I : :
;

(grasp); qaid, f. (imprisonment and restriction): (ia6a,o (also


= pres-
sure) vide Power.
;

Controversy, jawdb sawdl : bahs, f. or mubdhasa, m. (or both together)


(discussion, friendly or otherwise) :
hujjat o takrdr (unfriendly con-
tention).
Controvert, jhutldnd : radd k.

Convalescent, ijdqe se or ru ba-ifdqa.


Convene, vide Collect buld-bhejnd and talab-karnd (summon
:
q.v.). ;

Convenience, vide Ease, Comfort and Leisure subhetd, m. etc. : :

Convenient, \subhete kd waqt batld,iye (fix a convenient time) subhete :

Conveniently, J se (conveniently).

Convergent, jo ek nuqte men milen.

Conversant, — —
se mdhir (expert in). se
lUoU
wdqif :

Conversation, 7 bdt chit, f. {k.) ; guft o gu f. (k.) : (talking together) bol :

Converse, j chdl, f. (k.) : jawdb sawdl, m. (k.) (dialogue vide also ;

Match) idhar udhar ki bdten (chatting on various subjects)


:
gap :

shap, f. (k.) (idle gossip or pleasant talk).


Convert, pdni ko barf bandnd (convert water into ice) us ko 'Isd,i kiyd :

(he converted him to Christianity) fuldn mazhab men Idnd : chela k. ;

(to make a disciple) nau-muslim, etc.,


: :
nayd chela (a new disciple) :

Kristdn (a native Christian).


Convex, mdhi-pusht (also roach-backed,' of a horse).= '

Convey,' (iy^ona, gen., (carry on the back or shoulder or in a cart) : le-jdnd


(also to take away) pahunchdnd (to take to) le-chalnd (start and
: :

carry with one) :


utkd-lejand (to carry away).
CON 38 COR
* '

Conveyance, sawdri, gen (any beast or carriage, etc., etc., also a fare
— tlie person) : vide Deed.
, ;

Convict, gundh-gaVy etc., etc., ihahrdnd {vide Guilty) sdhit k., etc. (to :

prove of guilt)
; main ne usko \i,s1a gkalail par qd,il kar-chhord (I
:

convicted him of his error in argument, etc.). ;

Convict, qaidi (prisoner) :


jald-ioatan qaidt (transported
— ).

Convince, yaqtn dildnd ; manwdnd :


qd,il k.
Cook, bdioarchl, m., gen.; bdwarchan, f. :
Idngrl Panj. :
paknd^ intr. and
pakdnd tr. .'
raso,l bandnd (of Hindus only).
Cookery, bdwarchi-garl (art or profession of).

Cool,khunuk : thandd sd.


Coolie, quit: mazdur.
Co-operate, milkar kdm karnd.
Co-operation, ittijdq.
Cope, vide Confront.
Copious, wdfir ; vide Abundant.
Copier, kdtib ; naqUnavis : vide Caligraphist : vide Imitate.
Copper, t^nbd :
paisd (coin).
Coppersmith, thatherd.
Copulate, jujtk. or jufti khdnd, (of animals) suhbat k. :

Copy, naql (transcript) musawwada (rough draught) misdl ; namuna (ex-


: :

emplar) nuskha (one volume of a work


: also - a prescription or a ;

recipe.
Coquetry, ndz o nakhra (k.)

Coral, mungd.
Cord, doi\ f.
gen. :
dori, f. (of hemp) : rassi se bdndhnd (to cord).

Cordiality, tapdk ; garm-joshi.


Cordon, santriyon kd halqa :
jel kz ndka-bandi ki (he placed sentries all
round the jail).

Coriander, dhaniyd (the seed).


Cork, kdk or kd^, f. dat (a plug, or stopper). :

Corkscrew, pech-kash, m.
Corn, vide Grain and Wheat, etc. jii,ar or makd,i (Indian Corn) and :

bhuttd (fresh heads of Indian Corn).

Corner, kond, m. ; gosha, m. : vide Angle.

Coronation, tdj-poshi (of ruling sovereigns) : takht-nishini (ascending the


throne).
Coronet, bhauii f. (of hoof : also eyebrow).

Corpse, murda, m., and Idsh, f. (of humans) ;


vide Carcase.

Corpulent, tan o tosh kd.


Correct, sakih or durust or thik k. ; isldh dend sudhdrnd (mend the character,
:

the manners).
Correction, tashih, f. ; isldh, f. ;
durustl.

Correctness, durustl: sihhat f. (also health).


Correspond, milnd or mutdbiq hond (of dates, etc.): vide Suit, Communi-
cation, and Write.
COR 39 coy

Correspondent, ndma-nigar (of newspaper) : vide Agent.

Corrode, khd-lend galdnd. ;

Corrugated, ndli-ddr lohd ( iron).



Corrupt, bigdrnd, tr., or khardh k. (vitiate) ;
vide Putrif\ ; bigard hu,d, adj.,
vide Bad and Bribe.

Cost, is par kitnd kharch hu,d or kitnd kharcha lagd or haithd{\\ow much did
this cost?); ddm lagnd; sarf hond; vide SuSer: lekin hahut nuqsdn
uthdnd pard = bahut kuchh khone paryih chiz hdth Za^* = itcost me dear:
f. ^actunl cost)
Idgat, qimat (price) vide Loss main ne kho-ke slkhd (l : : :

know it to my cost ddm ke ddm or Idgat ke ddm or asU qtmat par, adv.
:

(at cost price) ; kharcha, leg. (costs).


Costiveness, qabz, m.
Costly, qimatl', bahut ddm kd.

Costume, libds, m. ; poshdk, f. vide Uniform. ;

Cottage, bangaliyd, f.(a small bungalow) vide Hut. :

Cotton, ru,i, f. (raw) : suti kaprd :


sut, m. (for sewing) ; kapds, m. (growing). 1100
Couch, koch, m., Eng. vide Sofa. ;

Cough, khdnsnd dhdnsnd (of a hard dry cough)


: : khdhsi and dhdnsl, subs.
Council, kaunsal, i., Eng. majlis, f sabhd, f. ;
.
;

Counsel, vide Advice, Advocate, Consultation apnd bhed chhupdnd (to ;

keep one's own counsel).


Count, ginnd gintl k. shumdr k. hisdb k. (of numbers): samajhnd, jdnnd,
; ; ;

ginnd and shumdr men Idnd (consider, esteem).


Countenance, rup, m. sural, f. {lit. appearance) shakl, f. {lit. form^ (face
; ;

q.v.) chihra na-badalnd (to keep one's countenance).


:

Counteract, asar rokyid or kdind : ulid asar ddlnd.

Counterfeit, bandwail ja'lT; naqli: vide False and Forged.


Countermand, hukm pher-lend : vide Cancel.

Countermine, surang ke niche surang lagdnd ; surang dar surahg lagdnd.


Countless, an- ginat ; be-gintl ;
be- shumdr ;
be-hisdb.

Country, des, m. ; mulk, m. ; vildyat, f zamin, f. (land) dihdt (as opposed . : :

to town) ; desl, adj. (as opp. to foreign) dihdti, adj. (as opp. to town). :

Countryman, desl-bhd,i or ham-watan (fellow ) : vide Rustic, Rude,


Villager.
Couple, jord, m., or jujt (male and female) jori {two, as horses in a carriage :
;

irrespective of sex).
Couplet, ek shi'r, m., or bait, f. dohd, ra., Hindi. ;

Courage, bahdduri ;marddnagi dilerl di.r\d jur,at, f. (also = boldness) himmat :


;

(heart, i.e., courage, perseverance, magnanimity, enterprise) dildvarl. ;

Courageous, bahddur dildvar himmatwdld jawdn-mard (full of manly


; : :

qualities, i.e., brave, generous, nobly o^mhitiou^ = hausale-wdld) dit :

chala (adventurous) vide Hero. ;

Course, vide Way, Path, Race-course


raftdr, f. chdl, f. bahd,o, m. (of a :
; :

river) tariqa or dhang ikhtiydr


:
karnd (procedure to adopt) albatta :

(certainly, of course): aur kyd(what else; of course): hdn (but of


course stay) puchhne kl kyd hdjat = of course) tdzi ko khargosh par

:
; :
{

daurand { with greyhounds) vide Menses. :


COU 40 CRA

Court, pddshdh ka durbar (royal) :


rdj-darbar (of a Raja): kachahri, f. (of
law) 'addlat, f. (of justice
: : darhdrl kapfd (Court-dress).

Court, to, md-lend (court a quarrel) maut kl taldsh men rahnd (to
lafUyl :

court death) apne pd,on men ap kulhdfi marnd— apnl jaf dp khodnd
:

(court disaster) vide Seek and Woo darhdr-ddri karnd (to court big
: :

officials, to lobby).
Courteous, hare akhldq kd (civil, spec, of high people) :
d,o-hha^at kd.
Courtesy, vide Favour, Kindness.
Courtier, darhdr-ivdlu : vide Flatterer.

Courtyard, diigan, m. ; sahriy m.


Cousin, chacherd'bkd,i, m., and chacherl bahan (children
of brothers), and
khalerd bhd'i, etc. (children of sisters) [there are many words for :

children of father's sister, mother's brother, etc., etc.].

Covenant, qaul qardr, m. (k.) and 'ahd paimdn, m. (k.) (mutual ;


written or
oral) : likhd parht, f. (k,) (written) : vide Promise.

Cover, dhdhknd and dhdnpnd (with either cloth or solid cover) urhdnd, tr. :

(with a sheet for persons or a statue) vide Roof, Thatch, Spread (of
;
:

clouds) topi pahannd, pagri bdndhnd or sir dhdnpnd (of the head)
:
:

charhnd intr. and charhdnd caus. (of animals) and sdnd chhornd (of
horses, oxen, camels) lend jurnd (of dogs) vide Conceal and Overlay.
;
:

Cover, dhaknd (gen. also a lid of a box ;may be a fixture) chapni, f. (for ;
:

eartlien pots; not a fixture) sar-posh (gen. but not a fixture) dr, f. ; :

(shelter from fire or cover from view); bachd,o, m. and pandh, f., and
rok, f. (shelter): kifdzat, f. (shelter, protection) ;
vide Screen :
jild^ f.

and dafti, f. (of a book) :


ghildf, m. (for boxes, pillows ;
sheath of a
sword).
Coverlet, razd,^,i. (stuffed with cotton wool can also be worn) lihdf, m. ; :

(ditto,but heavier and for bed only = bdJd-posh) : orkne kl chddar (a


sheet used as a covering for the body).

Covet, kd Idlachk. : and tama' (f.) k. (the goods of another) : havas (f.)
or Mrs (f .) k. (to desire more) :
Compare Envy and Greed.
Covetous, Idlachl; hirst.

Covey, jhund (big or small), and gol, m. (gen. of a large number of beasts,
birds, or men).

Cow, gd,e: gobar, m. [cow-dung) and upld, m. (dried for burning): ahir
and gwdld (Hindu cowherds) gujar (Muslim ditto in Panjab) gau-sdld : :

cowhouse.
Coward, rfar-po A; ; buz-dil ( goat- hearted) nd-mard (also - impotent) thur-
: :

dild : bhagord (a runaway) : kam-himmat (of no heart vide Courage). ;

Cowardice, dar-pok-pan ; buz-dili ; nd-mardl ; thur-dild-pan ; kam-himmati :

bhagord-pan (habit of running away).


Cower, tnde Crouch.
Coxcomb, vide Cock and Comb and Fop :
Akarfun Khdn (a conceited fel-

low).
Crab, kekrd: mrtdn, Ar. (also Cancer the disease, and the sign of the Zodiac).

Crabbed, kifa makaurd likhnd (of writing).


Crack, bdl, m. (in glass): darz, m. (in a wall): shigdf, m. (ditto; also = a
cut).
CRA 41 CRE

Crack, to, phornd (a nut)



men bal ddlnd, tr. (of glass, etc.), and intr.

:

men hot par-jdnd ovd-jdnd: shaqq k. and h. (of wall) kord chatkhdnd :

(to crack a whip) bijli karaknd, intr. (of thunder)


:
[dp mufhl par ;

karakie kyun hain = ^\\y are you roaring at me ?].

Cracked, hdl pard hujd (of glass) :


phutd (of a coin).

Cradle, jhuld (also = swing) :


poind (suspended ).

Craft, ^kdm m. hirfa (manual, but Mrfat "cunning") hunar (art


;
:

Craftiness, j and craft): pesha (profession) dhandhd (ditto); ruhdh-hdzl


(foxiness) ;
chdl-hdzl (trickery) ; vide Deceit, Fraud, Cunning.

Craftsman, kdri-gar ;
hunar-mand ; ustdd.

Crafty, Mr fail ; ruhdh-hdz; chdUhdz (tricky) : wc?e Cunning.

Cram, thunsnd cram into) galiifdnd feed by hand; as horses,


fowls) :
— dimdgh (to
men thunsnd knowledge, by force) thunsd-thun-
:

(of
(to
:

sdkar kMldnd = ndkon men hharnd (to cram small children with food, or
to press food on a guest) ser karnd (to feed to satisfaction not to :
,

surfeit).

Cramp, cMngur, f. (spasm with pain) : ainthan (without pain ;


from want of
room).
Cramped, cMngurd hu,d (distorted by pain) : ainthd hud : jagah kl tangi se
merd hadan akar-gayd or ainthd-gayd.
Crane, kulang (the Common Crane): kunj [Aitto in Panjab) :
qarqard
(Demoiselle) sdras (the Sarus) manjaniq (the instrument).
: :

Crash, dhardkd (of a falhng building).


Crave, vide Implore :
mu'dfi ki iltijd karnd (crave pardon).
Craven, piiyal mur^ (lit. beaten Cock also met.). ;

Crawl, rengnd (of snakes or humans) ghutnon chalnd = hdth pd.on se chalnd :

(on all fours) ; vide Creep.


Crazy, bd,old (of people) sin (sp. from old age). :

Creak, mach mack karnd (of carts, etc.).

Cream, mala, I, in Lucknow hdld^i : zardfat kd lutf (the cream of the jest) :

"
nuqra, ghord (a cream-coloured or albino horse; a pink" horse).
Crease, jhol, f.
(baggines) ; silvat, f. (in cloth) :
shikan, f. (in cloth or in
the skin).
Create, paidd k. gen. hhalq : k. (of God only) :
ijdd k. (of inanimate
things: also to invent).
Created, majchluq (also subs., f.=: people) ; pi. makhluqdt = a.\l created things.
Creation, khilqat, f. (also the act of) : vide Created.

Creator, paidd karne-wdld :


khhdliq.
Creature, vide Animal, Man, etc., and Created: banda khudd kd (prop, of
man only, but Yxilg. = makhluq) kat-putU (servile creature of, " wooden :

doll"): pichh'lagd (ditto; also a platter-licker of): khdya-bos vulg.


(stronger than either of the former = bum-sucker, one ready to do any ;

duty work = jutl ki Tchdk jhdrne-wdld)


;
: khhush-dmadi tattu (a mean crea-
ture, a general flatterer).
Credible, qdbil-i i'tibdr (of belief): muHabar (trustworthy, of man, or clock,
etc.) mu'tabar zari'a se (from a credible source of information).
:
CRE 42 CRO

Credit, videBelief and Trust sdkh, f. (mercantile) i'tibar, m. (gen. of : :

people vide Honour and Reputation


; vide Reliance udhar, adv. : :

(on credit) qarz^ m. (loan)


: xvuh apnl sdkh kho-haiiha (lie has lost his :

mercantile credit) vide Commercial hisdh men jama' k. (to credit,


; :

in an account) vide Ascribe to. :

Creditable, qabiUi taWlf ;


sardhne ke qdhil.
Creditor, qarz-hhivdh \
/en-c^r Panj.

Credits, lend, m.
Credulous, hhoUi (simple, in a good or bad sense) zud-bdwar : kanpatld or :

kdn kd kachcfm ( as regards complaints and tales) dhul-mul-yaqm. :

Creed, kalima (the Muslim profession of faith) 'aqtda, m. (tenet) vide : :

Religion.
Creep, vide Crawl fmre jt chalnd (move unwillingly)
: chunit ki cJidl chalnd :

(to move slowly) :


khisak-jdnd (steal awa}^).
Crescent, hildl (moon) hildll jhandd, etc. (ensign of the Turks)
: : sallb aur
hildl (cross and crescent).

Crest, kalgjit (on bird's head; tuft or headdress): choil (of birds; top-
knot crest of hill)
;
:
kahjhi etc. ddr (crested).
Crest-fallen, sir jhukd,e {hu,e) ; dum-dabd,e {hu,e) ;
himmat hard hu,d.
Crew, jahdzi, pi.

Cricket, jhtngur, m. (the insect) :


ghu,dn, m. (mole-cricket) :
kirkit, f. (the
game).
Crier, dhandoryd (municipal) rau^azzin (paid, in a mosque) : : azdn dene*
wdld (gen. anyone summoning to prayer).
;

Crime, jurm, m., {k).

Criminal, vide Guilty. Prisoner mujrimdna (of acts) fauj-ddrl kd, leg. (as : :

opposed to diwdni kd) faujddri 'addlai (Criminal Court). ;

Crimson, qirmizi: surkh or Idl (gen. term for reds).


Cringe, farrdshi saldm k. (not necessarily in a bad sense ;
Lucknow people
always make this saldm) :
pd,on parnd (of men) :
pd,on men lotnd
(spec, of dogs).
Cripple, I langrd (lame) ek-tangd, adj. (lame in one leg)
:
lunjd adj. and :

Crippled, ^
subs, (in legs but also of whole body) luld, adj. and subs, (in
;
:

hand or arm) : hdth pd,oh se ma'zur polite for apdhaj, subs, and adj. :

(crippled in the whole body).


Crisp, churchurd {or kurkurd) (of eatables); pdparkdsd: [compare Brittle].
Crisis, ndzuk waqt jokhon kd waqt. ;

Criticize, 'aib nikdlnd or hatdnd (of persons or things in a bad sense) ;


:

girift k. (of things only).

Croaker, hurd mandne-wdld (always predicting evil) kal-jibhhd, adj. (one :

whose evil predictions generally happen).


Crocodile, magar or magar-machh (long-nosed) ghariydl, (small-nosed). :

Crooked, terhd : bdnkd


(also
= dandy) kaj kham-ddr; bal-ddr (of flexible : :

things) terhi berhl gall (long crooked lane or narrow street) terhd jawdb
: :

= terhi berhl bdten.

Crop, fasl, f. anRj or ndj^ m. (Ht. grain) rabi' (Spring crop) Man/ (Autumn
; :

): khari kheti (standing crop) hausala, m., and potd, m. (of bird). :
CRO 43 cue

Crop-eared, kan-katd.
Cross, salib (not nee. relig.) challpd (ditto)
:
qainchi, subs., and qainchiyd, :

adj. and adv., scissors-like cross am, adj. (oblique or transverse) :



:

drd-iirchhd (of two things) talkh-mizdj or karwd-mdzdj (in temper)


: se ;
:

chirnd or chirhd hu,d hond (to be cross with).

Cross-examination, jirh, f., leg. : her pher-ke puchhnd or pher phdr-ke puchhnd.
Cross-fire, drl tirchhi gola-anddzl : donon taraf se sawdldt ki hauchhdr (
—of
questions).
Cross-legged, chdr-zdnu {baithnd).
Crossway, chau-rasta, m. or ckau-rdhd.
Crouch, sutuk-kar baithnd.
Crow, kawwd (the common Indian Crovy) :
bdng dend or dzdn dend (of cock).

Crowbar, sdbal, m.
Crowd, bhir: thdth (dense crowd) :
logon kd hujum: vide Populace.
Crowded, bdzdr men bhir lagi th%: log khacham-khach bhare hu,e the (densely
crowded).
Crown, tdj (pahndnd) (a sovereign).

Crucify, suli or salib par charhdnd.


Crude, vide Raw, Unripe: be-dh-angd (of opinions).
Cruel sang- dil
y
and be-rahm (of people); wc?e Tyrant: sang-di'ikd and be-
rahmi kd {oi actions, etc.).

Cruelly, be-rahmdna; be-rahmi se.

Cruelty, sang-dili; be-rahmi: vide Tyranny.


Cruet, sirka-ddn.
Crumb, roti kd gudd (as opp. to crust) : vide Piece, Bit.

Crupper, dum-chi.
Crusade, saUbi-jang :
jihdd (relig. war of Muslims against non-Muslims).
Crusader, din ke liye larne-wdld gen mujdhidin, :
pi., and -jthdzi (of Muslims,
latter word is now often used for fanatic).

Crush, dhakkd-pel, m. (of a crowd): dabnd, intr., and dabdnd, tr. masalnd :

(to crush with the heel or rub between the palms; also to tread wine,
dates, etc.) : vide Pound.
Crust, chhilkd (of bread).
Crutch, lathi tek-kar chaltd hai (
=lie walks with a crutch).
Cry, chilldnd gen., chikhnd, (of persons; inarticulate) bolnd or dwdz dend :

or pukdrnd (to call aloud) dhdr mdrkar rond (weep aloud) rote
:
;

rote andhd hond (any one's eyes out); vide Weep, Lament, Shout :

hdnk mdrnd or lagdnd (of hawkers or beggars) sadd dend (of begears :

at doors) pukdrke bechnd (of hawker) vide Proclamation duhd,i dend


: :

(to cry for help) duhd,i tihd,i dend (to cry repeatedly for help) vide
: :

Yell: subs, are chikh: chilldhat; dwdz, pitkdr; hdnk, sadd (all fem.),
and kuk, f.
(the sound of lamentation).

Crystal, billaur or billur, m. (also thick cut glass).


Cubit, hdth.
Cuckold, dayyus (a complaisant cuckold).
cue 44 CUR

Cucumber, kakfi (large) : khira (small).

Cud, jugali k. or pdgur k. (chew ).

Cudgel, sohta bajdna or mama ; lathiydna :


marj[hz mdrnd (
one's brains).

Cuff, kaf, ra. and f., Ens. (of coat or shirt) : vide Blow.

Cul-de-sac, band gall.


Cull, chunnd.
Culprit, qusur-wdr.
Cultivate, jotrid bond khetl karnd ; kdsht karnd ;
: vide Till and Sow : wuh
dlu bold Jiai (he cultivates potatoes) wuh :
angur ki paiddimr kid kdm
kartd hai (he cultivates grapes).

Cultivated, jott bo,t or dbdd zarriin.


Cultivation, kheti; kdsht, f dbddl .
; (prop, population); halvdhi (vulg.) :

kisht or kdsht kdrl {k.) (act of ): paiddwdr, i. (produce): w(ie Im-


provement.
CultivsitoT kdsht-kdr kisdn dsdmi; ra'lyai,
, ; ;
ra. (but f. = subject) : zamln-
ddr (land-owner and head cultivator).
Culture, iarbiyat, f. (also training).
Cumbersome, \6o;7^a/ (heavy): atal (immovable): ajgar vu\g. (large and
Cumbrous, J cumbersome, lit. a python) ;
bhdn laddhar (large and
cumbrous).
Cumulative, sazd dar sazd punishment) slid dar sud ( interest).
( :

Cunning, chdldk (in deed or thought): shdtir (of deed): siydna (also =
having reached years of discretion in Punjab also clever) apne kdm ;
:

meii hoshydr chatur robdh-bdz (foxy) makkdr (deceitful and tricky)


:
; : ;

vide Artful, Cunning and Deceitful: subs, are chdldkl shdtiri; siydn- ;

pan chaturd,t robdhbdzi, makkdri.


; ;

Cup, piydla and piydll, gen. katord and katorl (of metal) kdsa (of metal : :

and shaped like a tumbler).


Cupboard, almdri Por. (also = bookcase and wardrobe) ni'mat-hhJdna. :

Cupola, qubba ;
vide Dome.
Curds, dahi (jamdnd).
Curb, vide Bridle and Restrain and Bit.
Cure, fuldn ke 'ildj se achchd hond (of doctor) but shifd dend or changd ;

karnd (of God) Hldj k. (to treat) masihd^t^ k. (to make a marvellous
: :

cure of doctor) chdra, m. and tadbir, f (remedy for ill other than
;
: .

disease) khot or 'aib dur k. (to cure a defect of character) vide Treat.
: :

Curious, anuthd and anokhd (peculiar ; also rare) : nirdld (strange, singu-
lar ; also pure) vide Wonderful. ;

Curiosity, vide Rarity :


puchh pdchh f. (questioning): rdz-jo,t; bhed lerm v.
Curl, ghunghaVj m. (one curl) zulf (the locks) : : kdkul (curled hair).
Curly, ghunghar vMe bdl or pech-ddr bdl.
Currants, karan, Eng.
Current, dhdr, f. and dMrd, m. (of a river) bahd,o (flowing) chaltd, adj. (of
:
;

money) :
jdrl adj. (of money or a custom) mdh-i hdl or rawdn (the :

1 The Messiah {Maslh) raised from the dead.


CUR 46 CYC

current month) is bat kd charchd hai or zahan-zad hai (of story,


:

rumour) roz-marre kd hhharch (current or daily expenses) hdzdrbhd,o


: :

or bdzdr kd nirkh (price-current).

Currier, vide Tanner.


Curry, kdrl bhdt, subs. chamre ki dabdghat karnd, ovchamreko dahdghat dend
;

(leather) kharerd k. (of a horse).


:

Curry-comb, kharerd.
Curse, kosd or kosnd, m. {dend) bad-du^d, f. (d.) phitkdr or la'nat, f. (with :
;

dend or bhejnd of man but with karnd of God) us par la'nat or phit- ; ;

kdr ho ( = God's curse on him) zindagi mujh par wabdl hai (life is a :

curse, a plague, to me) vide Affliction and Calamity. :

Cursed, mardud (rejected) and mal'un (cursed) (by God of people) la'nati ;
:

(ditto of men or of actions) kam-bakht (wretched; of people or :

places):manhus (ill-omened, detestible; of places or actions or


things) makruh (objectionable of things or actions)
: dozahhi or ;
:

jahannami (of men, etc. = he will go to hell or is in hell).


Cursory, sarsari nazar ( view). 1250
Curt, akhar jawdb (a rough answer) takd sd (or rukhd) jawdb (a plain, un-
:

sympathetic answer) do tuk :


j. (a plain yes or no) danddn shikan j. :

(curt and to which there is no reply) vide Refusal. •

Curtailf mukhiasar k, (of speech, etc.) : vide Shorten.

Curtain, parda (a hanging) : masahrt (mosquito )


vide Screen and Chiq.
Custodian, rakhwdld ; nigdh-bdn ; muhdfiz : vide Keeper.

Custom, dasiur, m. ; riwdj, m. ; rit, f. ; rasm, f. ; qd'ida, m. ;


ma'mul m. ;

tariqa ;
chalan ; raviya : 'ddai (habit) : vide Fashion, Buying, and
Griffin.

Customer, kharlddr and gdhak (buyer).


Custom-house, parmit-ghar, m.
Customs, mahsul, m. ; chungi (octroi).
Cut, kdtnd, tr. and katnd, intr. (sp. with knife) katarnd, tr. (clip with :

scissors) :
qata' k. (for clothes) qalam k. (to cut off with one blow ; to :

clip hedges make cuttings) tardshnd (slice with knife or scissors)


;
:
;
:

chhdnind (clip beard, trees, hedges also to select ') kdtnd or kdt-lend ;
:

(as a fine) mujhse usse sdhib saldmat tark hai (we are dead cuts) tukre
: :

tukre k. (cut or break in pieces) tumturdq dikhdnd (cut a dash) : :

tdsh tardshnd (cut cards) ddnt nikalnd, intr. (cut teeth) champat hu,d : :

or chal champat hu,d (cut and run, disappear = cM<a hu,d,'^ chaltd being
here an adjective) vide Avoid kdt, sub. (of clothes or sword); zarb,: :

f {lagdnd) (a cut or blow with a weapon)


. vide Slit chhotd rdsta (a :
;

short cut) kutarnd to gnaw. :

Cut-purse, jeb-katrd ; girih-kat.

Cut-throat, gald-kat.
Cutting, diUkhardsh (sarcastic, etc.) :
jali kati hdten (cutting words).
Cycle, jug, m. (age) ; qaran, m.

1
Chhant-dena " to select for rejection, to reject " ; but chhant-lena **
to select
and approve. ' '

* For chalta hii.a hv.a.


CYL 46 -

Cylinder, cJionga ; ncd.

Cylindrical, belan-sd (like a rolling-pin or a roller).


Cymbal, jhdnjh, m.
Cypher, aifr; sunndr H.
Cypress, sarv.

D
Dagger, khanjar, m. (curved) :
chhurd, m. (a straight knite;.
Dacoit, ddku : ddkd or dahait%, dacoity.
Dainty, nazdkat-pasand (fastidious, q.v.) ; ni'maten or maze maze ted khdnd^
dainties.

Dam, hand, m. (bdndhnd).


Damage, nuqsdn, m. {h.) ; nuqsdn uthdnd (to suffer loss or damage) zarar, :

m. {pahunchdnd tr.) : harjdna (legal damages): vide hosa: ddmis mJdl^


Eng. corr. (damaged goods in a shop).
Damp, rutubat, f sll, f. namlj f. WAirtuh or slid or nam, adj. {k).
.
; ;
:

Dance, ndchnd, v., general nach, m. bat, Eng. (ball). :


;

Dandy, bdnkd (also


= fop) :
ranglld, effeminately foppish.
Danger, khatra : jdn kd andesha (danger to, fear of, one's life) vide Risk :

and Fear hhatar-nak, dangerous muhlik (destructive to life) jdn



:
: :

jokhon subs. ( to life ; vide Risky).


Dappled, gul-ddr.
Dare, to, jur^at k. ; dileri k.

Dark, andherd, adj^.


and sub., {k.) ; tdrik, adj. {k.) :
gahrd, or siydM mR,il
(of colours); tdriki, subs, (darkness) : vide Dim.
Darling, Iddld, m. and Idili, f ,
subs, or adj. Iddo :
/. (to wife or mistress) :

dnkhoh kl putll, gen., (lit. pupil of the eyes) : mert jdn ! (in address;
lit. my life!).
Dart, to, jhapatnd (as a snake also to pounce upon as a kite
; ; spring
upon as a tiger ;
rush at as in a charge) .

Dash, pataknd (on to the ground) de-murn^, gen. (to dash against anything, :

or on to the ground); us kl ummeden khak men mil-ga,in, his hopes


were dashed to the ground baghair ku,d khd,l dekhe-bhdle, andhddhund
^
:

chald-gayd, he dashed madly along usmen phurti aur dileri nahirij :

"he has no dash."


Date, tdrtkh, f. {charhdnd) : tdnkh-tudr, adv., arranged according to dates :

chhimrd'^ (dried) khurmd or Tchajur, gen. ;

Daub, chopnd or thopnd (of any thick stuff) chhdpd dend (ink or blood) : :

lesnd, tr., to smear smoothly with the hand lathefnd, tr. (or laihafnd :

intr.) to smear irregularly lipnR, to smooth with water, or thin colour, :

or liquid mud, but in the Panjab = kah-gil karnd.

Daughter, beti: vide Girl.


Dawdle, vaqt ganwdnd or bar-bdd karnd (to waste time).
Dawn, pau phatrid, v. :
paw-phate, adv. (at dawn).
'
city or c>ty- *
biH*" o^ \)^^^^'
DAY 47 DEC

Day, din (of daylight also twenty-four hours) roz (twenty-four hours)
;
: :

dthon pahar (eight watches, i.e. twenty-four hours) rat din (day and :

— day-dream or castle- in- the-air.


night) hhiyall pild,o (pakdnd)
:

Dead, murda {&> corpse, q.v.


also past partic.) he-jdn (without life = us ;
:

mm dam nahm) : gayd guzrd ( = dead and gone) murda zahdn (a dead :

language).
Deadly, jdn-levd (of enemy or poison) : kdrl (of wound ; effective) : muhlik
(of disease).

Deaf, bahrd {k) :


bahrd-pan, m. (deafness) :
gungd-bahrd, a deaf-mute.
Deal,
—kd kdr o bdr k. (deal in) se mu'dm/xla k. or len den k. (to have :

trading transactions with) mujhe us se sar o kdr nahm, I have no :

dealings with him do-rangi double-dealing. :


,

'

Dear, manhgd or giran (high-priced) pydrd ; aziz (beloved)


mahngd ; : :

^aziz rakhnd (to hold dear) mahngi (dearness), and manhgd, i (com- :

pensation for dearness) girdni (dearness) dg ke moZ, adv. (very dear). : :

Dearly, khoke sikhi hu,i bat, dearly-bought experience.


Death, maut, f. marg, ;
f. ;
wafdt (completion of days) :
intiqdl (passing ;
of
personages).
Debar, mahrum k. ; vide Disappoint.
Debauchee, 'ayydsh : luchchd (of common people only) ; randt-bdz, woman-
izer; luchchdpan, randi-bdzi, subs.

Debris, wMbd.
Debt, qarz, m. vdm, m. pdnE or pd,ond (debts due to outstanding debts
; ; , ;

us kd mere hdn pd,ond hai, I have to pay him) qarz men dubd hu,d :

(over head and ears in debt) qarz add k, or chukdnd (pay off debts). :

Debtor, qarz-ddr, subs, and adj.


Decadence, vide Decline.
Decamp, to, chupke se bhdg-jdnd.
Decapitate, vide Behead.
Decay, bosida hond, gen. galnd, to melt (of corpses, :
meat; soft fruits,
etc.) :
bigarnd, gen., to spoil vide Decline. :

Deceased, vide Late jautl^ Panj. :

Deceitful, dml-bdz or clmliyd ja'liyd (a forger of documents or oral char- :

ges) ; farebi : thag (professional cheat) : hila-bdz (artful).

Deceive, dhokhd dend, gen. (a mild term) thagnd (to cheat)


'
dam dend (to : :

promise and not perform) fareb derid : sabz bdgh dikhdrm (to deceive :

by specious promises) dhokhe men parnd, to deceive oneself. :

Decency, shdyistagl (good behaviour) : vide Modesty.

Decide, faisala (judgment)k. : vide Umpire : kdmil decided (of victory ,

etc.) ;
vide Decided.

Decided, hdr jit ki lard.i (decisive battle) :


qata'l (of answer, opinion) :
|
Decisive, ] kdmil perfect vide Decide. ;

Declaration, i'ldn, m. (proclamation) ku izhdr k. vide Statement.


{k) :
— ;

Decline, dhalnd (of sun or day) sard-bdzdri (of trade) karni (of fever) :
;
:

tanazzul or zawdl (of a nation) vide Refuse. :

1 Dhokha m. deceit, delusion, disappointment ; a false appearance, a scare-crow.


DEC 48 DEF

Decorate, drasta k. (gen.; of people or things): zinat dend (decorate with


— ; of things) :
sajdnd (to set in order).
Decoy, videCo&x and Ensnare ghdt men land ( into an ambush) kd Idlach
;
— :

dend or dikhdnd (by exciting greed) Idtud (decoy-bird) buldrd (call- :
;

birds).
Decrease, ka7n k. or h. ; ghatnd and gJiatdnd : kanii, ghatl subs.
Decree, vide Order, Regulation, Law digri, Eng. (pdnd) leg. : :
digrt jdr% k.,
enforce a decree of Court: digri-ddr, decree-holder.

Decry, burd kahrm, 'aib lagdnd (to decry): *aib-gtrl k. (point but faults;
criticize unfavourably): kam-qadxir k. (lessen the value, of persons):
vide Defame.
Deduce, natlja nikdlnd.
Deduct, vide Cut and Subtract.
Deed, kdr ; kdm ; kiyd ; kartut (gen. of bad deeds) vide Action.

Deep, water; wells; colours; thoughts; sleep): dungd{k.) {oi


(/afem (^.) (of
water; wells): dvhd,o (deeper than_ one's stature; of water only) :

durkd (of people or thoughts) nicJm (low, of valley) hMri (of voice : : :

also of cold in the voice) lamhi chauri tadbtren = chhipi hu ,i tad- :

hiren (deep-laid plans) jar pakard hu d (deeply rooted). :

Deer, hiran or harnd, m. and hirni f. (Black- buck or Indian Antelope): ,

2)ari^ (hog-deer) cJ^*toZ, axis deer bdrah-singhd, and sdmbhar (large


: :

stags): gronrf (swamp-deer) chikdra (gSizelle). :

Defame, bad-ndm k. ; vide Calumny.


Defaulter, bdqi-ddr, in money matters (gen. ;
not bad sense).
Defeat, hardnd (cause to lose): bhagdnd (cause to run away; :
hEr, f. or
shikast, f. {dend) : zak f. (dmd) (a reverse).

Defect, 'aib, m. naqs (spec, original) : :


nuqsdn (injury, acquired imperfec-
tion) vide Fault and Deficit.
:

Defective, ndqis (gen. = unserviceable, spoilt) : nd-tamdm (not complete, or


not completed to the end).
Defence, bachd,o (k.) mil. and leg. :
apnt jdn bachdne ke liye (in self-

defence) .

Defenceless, be-hathydr (without arms or defence) :


be-pandh (without a
defender) .

Defend, himdyat k. (by words ;


also to back up) :
muqdbala k. (oppose, in
fight) : vide Protect.

Defensive, daf'karnd or rok karnd (to act on the defensive) .

Deference, lihdz, k.
Deficient, kam hond (to be — )
: umh 'aql men kam (or ndqis) hai = wuh 'aql
kd kachcJm hai.
Defile, darra, P. :
ghdti Hindi.
Defile, to, palld k. gen.; nd-pdk k. (spec, relig.).

Deformed, 'aib-ddr :
— men 'aib hai.

Defraud, dabd-rakhnd (of rights or money) haqq mdrnd (of rights). :

Defy, anguthd dikhdnd, coll. (to a person's face) tum kis khet kl muli ho? ' • '

kahnd : vide Disobey, Despise: muqdbale ko khard hond (to get ready
to fight).
DEG 49 DEN

Degrade, darje se uidrna or girdna (in rank) : zalil k. (dishonour q.v.) :

nazar men chotd hond (to be degraded).

Degree, darja (of thermometer, Earth, etc. also a step, rank) digrl, ; :

Eng. (thermometer; university; also legal decree).

Deign, us ne jawdh dend apni sTmn se bdhar samjhd (he did not deign to
answer me).
Delay, der karnd or lagdnd : dhtl k. or d. to be remiss.

Delicacy, mizuki or nazdkat, gen., (of constitution, material, face, mode of


expression, voice, limbs): ni'mat, f. (for the table; also a blessing
such as hawd, etc.).
Delegate, vakil handnd :
apnd ikhtiydr dusre ko dend.

Deliberately, soch bichdr-ke.


Delicate, ndzuk.
Delicious, lazlz ; maze-ddr,
Delight,
— •
se hazz utlvdnd or lend ; hdgh bdgh hond (to be delighted).
Delightful, dil-kash (of poems, etc., people, places, small animals).
Delinquent, qusur-wdr.
Deliver, chhutkdrd dend (to free, q.v.) vide Intrust Commit, Give Hspich^ : : :

(f.) or likchar (m.) dend^ (of speech or lecture) jannd, tr. and intr., :

but without ke or ko (give birth to).


Delivery, supurdagi, hawdlagi (surrender, entrusting) : bolneki add (manner 1350
of speaking) :
taqsim (of letters, etc.).

Delirious, baktd hai.


Deluge, Nuh kd tufdn (Noah's — )
: vide Flood.

Delusion, dhokd, gen. shikar (or dhoke) ki tatti


:
{\it. fig.) anything assumed,
as a long beard, to trick or delude people.

Demand, mdngnd (ask for) talab k. (require;)


: mutdlaba k. (demand, of a :

claim): da'wa k. (claim) vide Dun: mdng, f. (of an article of com-


:

merce, sale).

Demean, main us se bolkar apnd rutba kam nahm karnd chdhtd (I don't
want to demean myself by talking to him).
Demeanour, —
kl anddz se, m. waza' f. ; ,

Demerit, 'aib o hunar, merits and demerits; haqq yd nd-haqq (of a claim).
Demolish, girdnd, gen. (to knock down) dhdnd (to knock down buildings). :

Demoralization, atwdr kd bigdr (of character).

Demur, {is ke sach mdnne men mujhe) ta^ammul hai.

Den, cjh
m. (any cave) mdnd, m. (of large beasts) akhdrd (of black-
dr. : :

guards, in a city or highway lit. wrestling-place arena) baithak, f. ;


:

(any sitting place) thdn, f. (a horse-stall or standing


:
;
also a lurking
place of ghosts or of evil people).
Dense, ghand (of jungle, forest, hair, population, etc.).

Deny, inkdr, m. {k.) ; n^hm, f. {k) :


rm-manzur, k. (a request) :
jt ko mdrnd
(to deny oneself in small matters).

1 F*de Supplement, "Stumbling-Blocks,'* XIX.


DEP 50 DES

Depart, chala-jand le-jdnd


— ko chhornd vide * *

Adieu, Die :
— taahrif
;
munh mofna or phernd
se deviate from).
(polite) :

(to
:
Start,

Department, lYiahkama^ m. ;
for Education generally sar-rishta.

Depend,

par bharosd (or Vtibdr) karnd or rakhnd (on people or things) :

7nerd jdnd tumhdre sdth chalne par mauquf hai (my going depends on
your accompanying, etc., {mauquf, also = adjourned abolished; dis- ;

missed; stopped).
Dependent, mere sir bahut se log hain (many are dependent on me for a liv-
ing) —kd muhtdj hoiid (not to be able to do without vide Destitute).
:
;

Deplore, — par afsos karnd :


*
vide
'

Weep.
Deport, shahr badar karm (for a city) se nikdlnd.
:

Deposit, amdnat, f. (rakhnd) :
)ama* karnd, to deposit money in a bank.

Depreciation, vide. Decry.


Depredation, lut-rmr, f. (k.) : lut khasot, f.
Deprive, haqq lend or chhinnd, gen. (justly or unjustly) hdqq rmrnd or da-
bdnd or be-haqq karnd (unjustly) ; vide Defraud jdn lend ( of life) :
;

— :

mahrum an expectation).
k. (of

Deputation, deputeshan, m. Eng.


Depute, mukhtdr bandnd.
Depth, gahrdyl : vide Deep.

Deputy, dipti ; ndyib.


Derange, abtar zabtar karnd (upset, confuse).
Derail, patrl se utdrnd, ; [patrl, is a dim. form of pattl, a strip].
Deride, — ki hanst urdnd (persons or things) kisi par hansnd. :

Derision,
— kl jag-hansd,'i hona or karnd (public derision) :
— bans par
charhdnd (to hold up to derision).
Derogatory, mert shd^n ke khildf hai ki
— (it is derogatory to my dignity to
— ;
= is men be-waqari hai ki — )
: vide Ridicule.

Descend, utarnd ; niche dnd (to come down) : virdsat or tarke men milna
(as an inheritance).
Descent, utdr, utard,t (any declivity ; opposed to chafhd^i).
Describe, hdl likhnd ; baydn karnd : —H shakl khinchnd (a figure).

Deserts, registdn (sandy) : sahrd virdn mulk (desolate country) but sahrd,i
;

mulk (desert country) :


biydbdn (wilderness).
'

Desert, v., bhdgnd; firdr hond (for firdrl hond) ; firdr karnd : vide' Abscond.

Deserter, bhagord ; firdrl.

Deserve,
— kd mustahiqq hond (gen, in a good sense) :

Design, naqsha khinchnd (draw the plan) : khdka (rough sketch) : matlab
or maqsad (object, intention q.v.).
Designation, laqab (also title).

Desire, Jchwdhish k., vide Long and Wish.


Desist,
— se bdz dnd : [but — se bdz rahnd = to forbear from — ].

Despair, yds, f. or ma^yusi ,


f. :
— se m^^yus hond, or — se yds ho-jdnd :

vide Disappointment.
Desolate, virdn ; ujdf.
DES 51 Die

Despatch, daurand (of people, and met. of things) : vide Kill.

Despise, haqir or na-chiz samajhnd ; hiqdrat ki nazar se dekhnd.


' '

Despot, jdbir ; vide Tyrant.


Destitute, muhtdj: vide Dependent.
Destroy, harbdd k. (ruin) vide Demolish : : mitii men mild-dend (of money,
armies, hopes, plans).
' '
Detach, alag or judd k. : vide Select. 1400
Detachment, dasta (body) :
ta'ylndti, subs, and adj.
' '

Detail, tafsU, f. vide : Relate :


tafsil-wdr, adv., or mufassal, adj. and
adv. (in detail).

Detain, rok-rakhnd, tr. and ruk-rahnd, intr. (spec, for a short time).
Detect, dekh-pdnd (to see in the act) : vide Trace.

Detection, hdl zdhir Tiond.


Detective, tiktiki-wdld , Eng., vulg. :
Tchufya polis.
Deter, bdz rakhnd : vide Stop and Forbid.
Deteriorate, khardb hond (go bad) :
— kd asar kam hond (of drugs, etc).
Determination, pakkd irdda {k.) : tajviz, f. (k.) (to plan).
Determined, wuh jdne par tuld hu,d hai kisi ke roke [se] ruk nahm saktd
(he's determined to go, none can stop him).
Dethrone, tahht se utdrnd : [gaddl se utdrnd, of Rajah].
Devastate, virdn k.

Deviate,
— se phirnd.

Device, hikmat, f. (contrivance) : dhokd (trick, etc., q,v.) : vide Plan.

Devil, Shaytan (any evil devil ;


also Satan) :
Shaytdn ke kdn kdtnd (to sur-
pass the Devil) Shaytdnl machdnd (to play the devil, act ill)
: :

qiydmat bar pd k. (to make the devil of a noise or fuss, lit. or met.) :

shaytdn ki dnt (lit the Devil's guts, i.e. anything interminably long or
wearisome).
Devolve, to, yih mere sir paregd, this will devolve on me.
Devote, lagdnd (of time) vide Busy man apne bachche par fidd hai or ;
:

nisdr hai (the mother is devoted to her child) Khudd ki rdh men :

dend, ro vaqf k. (bequeath or devote for religious purposes and ;

met. of time, money, energy).


Devour, harap kar-jdnd, lit. or met. :
phdr-khdnd (of wild beasts only).
Devourer, khd,u (also embezzler).
Devout, namdzl (Muslim) : dharmi (Hindu).
Dew, OS, f. ; shab-nam, f. (parnd).
Dexterity, tezdastl or dast-chaldki : vide Activity, Skill and Expertness.
Dialect, bhdkhdy f.

Dialogue, guft o gu : suwdl jawdb.


Diamond, m. almds, m.
hird., ; : hire kl anguthi (diamond ring).
Diarrhoea, dast, m. {dnd).
Dice, pdsd, sing., and pdse, pi. ;
there are generally three.
Die 62 DIS

Dictate, main pafhtd (or batata) jdtd hun turn likhte jd,o (I'll dictate to
you) : vide Order.

Dictionary, lugAat^ f. (but masc. = a word).


Die, vide Dice: chhap, i. or naqsh, m. (with device for stamping): mar-
jdnd, V. gen. sidhdrnd or guzarnd (polite)
:
wafdt pdnd (of superiors) : :

dnkh band k. (lit. to close the eyes) dam nikal-jdnd (expire): jdn dend :

up (of trees or plants)


Ufe) jawdni maut marnd (die
sukh-jdnd
(give

: :

prematurely) Death kd khdtima hond (die out).


: vide :

Diet, gAiz^y f. parhezl khdna khdnd, to be on a diet



Idiurdkiy (diet- :

money).
Difference, rdt din kd farq = zamin o dsmdn kd farq : unnis bis kd farq
(shght
— )
:
tafdvmt, f. :
nd-ittifdqi (of opinion ; discord in family, etc.).
Different, juddjvdd (h.) ; alag alag : be-mel (don't match) yih aur hai, aur :

ivuh aur = yih judd haif umh judd hai, (quite unlike) vide Various
ek dusre se na-milnd (to be ).
— : :

Difficult, mushkilj also subs. f. sakht (hard) bhdri (important) vids : : :

Straits: mar-inar-kar (with the greatest difficulty) Allah Allah karke, :

gen. (with the greatest difficulty).


Diffuse, phaildnd : phaild,o^ subs.

Dig, khodrid : khodkar nikdlnd (dig out) khodkar rasta nikdlnd (to dig :

through) munshi se khod khod ke matlab nikdlnd (to dig information


:

out of a munshi).
Digest, hazm karnd and pachdnd, lit. and met.: hdzima^ digestion.
Digger, bel-ddr, prof, (one who uses a bel or spade for ; bel, the word
phd.ord is used): gor^kan (grave-digger) vide Badger. :

Dignity, meri shdn (or ruibe


"
rank ) A;e Ichildf hai ki it
' '
— is infra dig for
me to —
vaqdr, m. (of appearance).
:

Dilapidated, raddi hdlat men (of persons or things) : bosida (of buildings ;

vide Decayed) yih makdn hawd men doltd hai. :

Diligent, mihnati.
Dim, maddham {k.) (for light vide Colour) dhundhld or maddham jalnd : :

(of lamp dhundhld also used of sight, or of glass).


;

Dine, khdnd khdnd (or causal khildnd).



Dinner, rdt kd khdnd,.

Direct, vide Straight and Exact ek : dam se, or bald bdld (without interven-
tion ; in submitting petitions).

Dirt, mxiil, m. :
gandagi filth :
maild, adj. ; gandd, adj.
1450 Disabled, nikammd {hond, karnd) lit. useless.

Disadvantage, nap nuqsdn — burd,i bhald.i, advantages and disadvan-


tages vide Defect.
;

Disaffected,
— se badrdil {h. or k.).

Disagree, mizdj ke muwdfiq nahtn (of food) :_ main tumhdri rdy se muwdfiq
nahm hun or —
rdy se ittifdq nahtn kartd hun, vide Discord.
Disallow, jd,iz or rawd na-rakhnd (of a Pay Examiner cutting your pay).
Disappear, ghd,ib hond, gen. nazar se jdtd rahnd—hom sight :
:
kdfur ho-
jdnd, to disappear suddenly (of persons or things).
DIS 53 DIS

Disappoint, na-ummed karnd, to deprive


of expectation as tornd (more :

forcible) apnd-sd munh lekar chald-jdnd (or baithd-rahnd to be dis-


:
,

appointed with an idea of being shame-faced) main dp kl muldqdt


;
:

ko dyd thd lekin mahrum phir-gayd^ 1 came to see you, but returned
disappointed (Ht. excluded).
Disapprove, nd-pasand karnd.
Disaster, vide Calamity :
musibat-angez, (disastrous).
Disband, tornd.
Disburden, dil kd bojh halkd karnd = dil se hojh utdrnd (of the mind) se :

suhuk-dosh k. (of a duty) vide Relieve. :

Discharge, chhornd (of firearms, arrows) vide Dismiss chukdnd, add : :

karnd, ov be-bdq karnd (debts) vide Fertorm and Pour naukari chhor- : :

nd or jawdb lend (to obtain discharge, of a servant).


Discipline, ta'lim, f .
(instruction) :
intizdm, m. (arrangement) : vide Drill.
Disclaim, da'wa se hdth uthdnd.
Discomfort, taklif, f. ; dukh, m.
Discontent, nd-rdzi ; bad-dill ; apnl qismat se khush nahtn (discontented by
nature) naukari-se bad-dil (doesn't like his job).
;

Discord, nd-ittifdqi or an-ban (want of concord) phut^ m. (a general ; split,


of a number) ; bigdr, m. (disagreement between two, or more).
Discourage, dil tornd (dishearten) be-dil k. or past-himmat k. (discourage,
slightly dishearten) kd rawd-ddr na-hond, or ;

kd rdzl na-hond (
;

— —
acts) vide Disheartened.
:

Discover, darydft kar-lend (for abstract things but darydft karnd, to in- ;

quire) paid or surd gh lagdnd, gen.


:

Discreet, pet kd bhdri (does not repeat things opp. to pet kd halkd). ;

Discuss,

par bahs (f .) karnd.
Disease, bimdri ; marz, m. muhlik bimdri (deadly ). jdn jokhon ki

chhut ki bimdri (contagious
bimdri (a critical illness) ).
;

:

Disgrace, be-Hzzat karnd; apni Hzzat khond ( oneself); ruswdj,, f,, be-

'izzati, f., bad-ridmi, f.

Disgraceful, sharm ki bdt ; ma'yub. Vide Bad, Mean.


Disguised, bhes badalkar :
faqiron ke bhes men = faqir banke (disguised as a
faqir).
Disgust, ghin, f. {dnd and lagnd) (at filth of concrete things) ; ghind,ond
adj., gen. (causing disgust). ^^gj^^
Dish, rikdbi, gen., (a largish plate) bartan, gen., (utensil) ; :
qdb m. (a big
Disheartened, dil chotd hond : vide Discourage.
Dishonest, be-imdn (also = be-din) ; bad-diydnat ; bad-nlyat (in intention) :

hdth-chdldk (of petty thefts, of servants) ; khd,u (but petit glutton)


stronger than previous embezzler etc. mu'dmah kd khotd (in tran-
; :

sactions).
Dislike,
— se chirnd (great) :
gawdrd na-karnd or hond (of abstract things).
Disloyal, bad-khwdh or sar-kash (of subjects).
Dismayed, satsatdnd, to be confounded, q.v. : vide Fear.

Dismiss, jawdb dend = naukari se nikdlnd ; mauquf k. (of respectable


people also to adjourn and abolish) bar taraf k.
; :
DIS 64 DOC

Disobedient, na-farman, adj.; na-farmdni, subs.


Disorder, ulat pulat (k.) (all upside down) gad-mad, adj. (k,) (in confusion :

all mixed) had-inti^aml or be-tarttbt (no system or management).


:

Disparage, — kt ht-qadarl karnd (to run down by words).


Dispensary, dawd-khdna ; [kampaundar, Eng. a dispenser of English medi-
,

cine].
Disperse, tittar bitlar k. (an army, etc.) ;
tin terah nau atthdra hond (as
members of a family).
Display, amtrt jatldnd (show off wealth, be ostentatious) :
— kd diklidvd k. ;

{diklidvd also means hypocrisy, false pretence).


Displease, nd-rdz karnd ; ranjidd karnd.
Disprove, jhutd karnd; gh,alat ihahrdnd.
Disqualify, nd-qdhil ihahrdnd.
Dissension, vide Discord, Quarrel, Disturbance.
Dissipate, urd-ddlnd ; khdk or milti men mildnd (also to destroy) ;
tin terah
karnd (spend foolishly).
Dissuade, samjhdnd (also to persuade, remonstrate, console) ;
—phernd.
Vide Forbid, Stop.
Distance; durt ; fdsila ; ptchhe chhornd^ to distance.
Distant, dur kd (but dur without a noun).
Distinguish, farq pahchdnnd or nikdlnd or hatdnd ; tamiz k. (discriminate) ;

mumtdz k. (to honour q.v.). Vide Famous and Notorious.


District, 'ildqa (of undefined limits).
Disturbance, rauld {machdnd) (commotion with noise) khalbali (confu- ;

sion in a city or house) danqd fasdd (of two or more broil).


; ;

Ditch, khd.i, f. ; khandaq, m.


Dive, ghota mdrnd or lagdnd (also purposely to duck oneself) gAota khdnd ;

(of unintentional duckings) dubkl mdrnd or lagdnd (to duck oneself,


•,

or to dive of water-birds, but not to dive from a height).


Divert, Diversion, dil bahldnd ; dil-lagi {k.) (also = a joke) ;
khel (game,
play) bahldvd (sp. for children).
: Vide Please, Delight.
Diverting, tamdshe kd.
Divide, bdntnd ; taqsim karnd. Vide Separate; nifdq or phut ddlnd, to
cause dissension, q.v.
Divulge, kholnd ; fash karnd (a secret) : bat ugalnd {vide Vomit).

Dizzy, sir men chakkar arm, or sir ghumrid ; sir /phirnd (gen. metaphori-
cally, as tumhJdri baton se merd sir phir-gayd).
Do, karnd; 'vide' Perform, Work, Finish, etc., etc. is par guzdrd kar- ;

saktd hun (I can do with this) us se mujhe sar o kar nahin = us se


;

mujhe ta'alluq nahin (I have nothing to do with it, or him) is ke :

ha-gkair merd kdm chal-jd,egd (I'll do without it).


Docile, gharlb.
Doctor, daktar (of Eng. medicine) hakim, generally Muslim, ; (of Greek
medicine) baid, Hindi! (of Hindu medicine).
;

Doctrine, ta'llm, f. (the act of teaching); 'aqida, m. (what is taught; also


tenet).
DOD 55 DOZ

Dodge, to, hhali dena (a blow, etc.) katra-kar nikal-jana (to evade by dodg-
;

ing and hiding) ;


idhar se udhar uchakta phirna (to dodge about from
place to place) ; [uchaknd, to leap up in the air].

Dog, kuttd, and kutti or kutiyd (bitch) apni gall men kuttd bht slier
m.
— ;

hai Prov. dur ho kuttd kahih kd (get out you dog) makkhi ki ntnd
:
;

{— dog-sleep) kutte kl chdl (dog-trot) kutte ki maut marnd (to die a


;
:

dog's death) : unt ki pakar {


= a grip like a bull-dog).

Doleful, roni surat (of appearance) = is ki muharrami paidd^ish maHum


hoti hai ; wahshat-ndk (of tunes).

Dome, gumhaz (large) : vide Cupola.

Domestic, khdnagi (also subs. = a common low whore) :


gharelu (of animals).
Domiciled, ghar handkar rahnd.
Donation, chandu^ m., vulg.. in this sense; prop, subscription q.v. : ma-
dad, f.
Donkey, gadhd, lit. and met.
Doom, vide Sentence qismat kd ; faisala k. (sealed his doom) : uski qismat
men likhd ihd (doomed).
Door, darwdza, gen., (or doorway also gateway and gate of a city) dar,
; ;

m. kiwdr, m. the door itself: chul, f., the pivot {q.v.) of a door that
; ,

acts as a hinge ghar men, in-doors haghal ke makdn men, next


: :

door = merd ghar us ke ghar se lagd hu ,d hai.


Dote, satydnd (to be past sixty and so to dote) kisi kl muhabbat men :

andhd hond (to be foolishly fond of andhl muhabbat, doting affec- ;

tion).
Double, duna or dugnd (k.) ; do chand (k.) ; do itrm {k.) all gen. dabal, — :

Eng., twice the size as, dabal roll, dabal kuch, etc. dohd [k.) (twice :

folded also of abstract things = double)


; dohrdnd (to double also : ;

to repeat) du-ranga, or dv^bhesiyd (deceitful).


:

Double-barrelled, do-nall or do-rmli.


Double-dealing, do-bhesiyd-pan ; do-rangl.
Double- entendre, do-ma' niyd, adj.

Double-tongued, us ke munh men do zabdn — .

Doubt, shakk, m. [k.) ; shubha, m. age plchhe k. (to vacillate)


(k.) ; : shakk
zdhir karke (doubtingly) : vide Delay Demer, Hesitate.
:

Doubtful, mashkuk (also ambiguous) us ke dne men shakk hai, his coming :

is doubtful us ke dne kd kuchh thlk nahin (his coming is doubtful ;


:

also = date of coming not settled). Vide Suspicious, Hazardous,


Ambiguous.
Doubtless, be shakk ; be shubha.

Dough, gundhd hu,d dtd (unleavened) ;


khamlr (leavened).
Down, niche, adv. and prep. :
tale, prep, only: upar niche, up and down;
sard o garm, the ups and downs of life = charhd,o utdr, m.
Downfall, zawdl, m. (also decline; of an empire, etc., not of people):
tabdhl or barbddl, gen. (ruin).

Downright, sdf-go (of persons) :


safed jhuth (
— lie).

Dozen, darjan, m., Eng.


DRA 56 DRU
Dragi ghasitm (on the ground) gJuisit le-jand (drag away) Jchmchna (of a :

carriage; also to pull a punkah, draw a sword): pd.on (jjiasttkar


chnlna (of a weary persons).
Dragoman, inrjumdn.
Drain, ?iaZ? khod^ke pd7it nikal'm; mon handkar pant nikalna ; 'vide'
Dry and Empty badar-rau, f. (outlet) tnon. : :

Draught, musawwada (k.) rough draft (of anything) : ek ghunt men at one
draught Mughfd Pathdn (a game).
:

Drama, ndtak, m.
Draw, khlnchnd (a sword vide Drag) pani bharnd draw water charhdnd, ; : :

draw on boots :_gap hdnknd, draw the long bow; burd (drawn game
=bardbar kt lamji).
Drawing, naqsha also a map, a blank form, a design, features, etc.
Dread, sahm (dnd) haibat-ndk dreadful bhaydnak. :
;

Dream, sapnd or khwdb dekhnd to dream mere Jchwdb khiydl men bhi yih :

bdt na-thi (I never even dreamed of such a thing) [sukh nind dream- :

less sleep, and also met. death].

Dress, libds^ m., poshdk, f. —pahindnd (to clothe) zahhm par marham
— a wound) pattl
: :

lagdnd (
:
saff sidht karnd, mil.
Drill, qdivd'id
^
k. mil., (intr., f.) — lend or kardnd (tr.) :
su,i se chhednd
or surdkh karnd (to drill a hole).
omitted " wine
"
Drink, pind tr. and pildnd, cans. ; (if the object is is under-
stood) nosh karnd (polite).
:

Drinker, samandar-sokhj gen. (a great drinker) vide Drunkard. ;

Drip, to, tapaknd chund (to leak a word avoided by the polite as chuti
; ;
=
gdndu).
Drive, to, {gdriy ghord, Tidthi, etc.) hdnknd; chaldnd, gen.: {gdri men) le-
jdnd to drive a person to) gdn men hawd khdnd (to go for a drive) : :

hdnknd (beat for game) bhagdnd drive away bithdnd drive in (of : :

something slightly projecting) vide Hammer. ;

Droop, kumldn^j (also met. of the human face, from grief, heat, etc.).

Dross, maily f., (dirt).

Drop, bundy f bundt {small drops of rain) qatra : tapkdnd or chu ,dnd
.
;
:

(pour in drops) [tapaknd = to leak] girdnd (to let fall, drop from
;
:

the hand).

Dropsy, jdlandhar, m. :
istisqd^ m.
Drought, khushk-sdli : vide Famine.
Drown, dubnd^ intr. (also to sink) dubond (to cause to sink or drown) ;
:

dubke marnd, intr., to drown unintentionally, but dub-marnd to drown


on purpose, commit suicide by drowning.
Drudged, tahalwd (from tahalnd to walk about) ; ; tahal karnd (verb).
Drudgery, quli kd kdm.
Drug, to, dawdji pildkar be-hosh karnd.

" drill " is ' * ' '


I
Qawa'id in the sense of sing, fem., but in the sense of grammar
it is pi. masc. it is the Arabic plural of qa'ida "rule, regulation," etc.
;
DRU 57 DYE

Drum, dhol (beaten by hand on both sides used at marriages) dholak ; ;

(smaller) dholki (still smaller) ; danka (larger than dhol and beaten
;

by a stick on one side and by the hand on the other used in pro- ;

clamations, wrestling places, etc.) : us ki Him ka danka hajtd hai (


=
he is a famous scholar).

Drunk, mat-wala , piye hu,e; mast: bad-mast = nashe men chur hona, to be
dead drunk ; {chur
— smashed).
Drunkard, bara shardbt ; bard phie-wdld : vide Drinker.

Dry, sukhd (k.) ; khushk (k.) ; be-maza or be-lutf (of a look) sukhdnd = :

vulg. sukhd karnd : rukhd (of bread, without relish also rough, of an ;

answer, but sukhd dry, of answer).


Duck, bat or hattahhy f., gen., (duck or goose) bari battakh, a goose = hans, :

the latter often wrongly applied to an Aylesbury duck, etc.) Chiniyd :

6a(.^«M duck (Chinese) mi^r^afe* (water-fowl; wild duck).


:

Due, haqqy m. (right): fdnd or lend, m. (due to, in money; merd uspar
pdnd hai = he has to give me but uskd mujh par pdnd hai I have
' '

to give him ") bdqi (balance due) ret ab dne-wdli hai (the train is
: :

just due) vide Necessary, Proper, Cause.


:

Dull, sust (out of sorts) : bdzdr sust (or sard or manda hai) (the market is

dull).

Uumbygungd: vide Silent: tumhdrl bolti kyun marl ga,i are you dumb,
can't you answer ? be-zabdn jdnwar, dumb animal.

Dumb-bells, mugdar.
Dumbfounded, hakkd bakkd (from astonishment.)
Dung, lldii. {k.) (of horses or elephants) gobar, m. (of cattle) mehgni : :

{k.)(goats, sheep, deer, camels): quh or guh (hagnd) gen. (of men,
animals, birds) bit, f. (of birds) paikhdnd^ m. (phirnd) (of humans).
: :

Dupe, shikdr : jdl men phasdnd, to dupe, vide Deceive.

Durable, pdy-ddr^ lasting a long time (of buildings, friendship, etc.).* yih
jutd bahut tikegd or thahregd
'
vide Lasting. :

Dusk, munh
andhere {ka waqt) (twihght, sp. of morning) jhut putd waqt. :

Dust, gard, f jhdrnd, to dust: jhdran, f., duster: jh^r ponchh karnd,
. :

tr. [ponchhnd to wipe].

Duster, jhdran, f.

Duty, farz {add obUgation (gen. with religious sense): farz i mansabl
k.),
official roz-marra ka kdm daily duty diyuti Eng.
duty (modern term) : : :

dj meri naukari hai, mil., I am on duty to-day.


Dwarf, bd,ond: sawd-bilishti {lit. one and a quarter span's high; gen. in
tales).

Dwell, rahnd, or rahnd sahnd (permanently) :


basnd, to settle in : thahar7id
or tiknjd,^ sojourn.

Dye, rang (colour) rangnd, to dye (but rang dend, to give more colour to)
: :

vide Colour rang charhdnd, to paint on, apply colour


:
(also met. to ;

colour a fact) rang-rez, dyer. ;

1 Tikna is used of
concrete things only : ihaharna of either concrete or abstract.
Vide Supplement, " Stumbling- Blocks."
DYS 68 EDU

Dysentery, peckish f. (colic gripes of any kind)


y
: us ko peckish ho-r/a, ty he
has dysenter3\
Dyspeptic, uskd mi* da (or pet) kamzor kai.

Each, kar ; kar ek ; ft set do paisd mahsul kai (there is a tax of two pice on
each seer) vide Head. :

Eager, sar-garm : bap chdk (or ckd,o) se, adv., eagerly : vide Desirous of.

Ear, kdriy m., vide Attention kdn bkarnd (to poison


:
= kdn men phuhknd
a person's ears, poison the mind of a person against another) kan :

men ungU dena or kdn par hdth dharnd (to turn a deaf ear to) kdnd- :

pkunst karnd (to whisper in the ear).

Early, sawere {lit. early in the morning, but also = in time, or before the
time) vide Dawn.
:

Earn, karmrm ; kamd,T karnd (by labour) :


[kamdyt earnings] : vide Acquire
and Deserve.
Earnest, sar-garm (in belief, etc.) kaqiqat as opposed to dillagt joke, jest : :

sack muck kakte ko yd dil-lagi karte ko are you in earnest or joking ?


Earnest money, bay'dna.
Earth, dunyd ; jakdn (the world) zamin, land, the earth :
; mitii, soil ;
mitti
kd, earthen dunyam, earthly, of this world.
;

Earthquake, bkun^ckdl, f., Hindi : zalzala.

Ease, ckain, m. sukk^ m. (opp. to dukk) drdm, m.


; tasalli dend or kkatir- ;
:

jama' karnd, to set another's mind at ease dil men tkandak parnu = :

khatir-jama* kond : dard gkatdnd (lessen pain) : narm karnd (ease any-
thing stiff).

East, purab, m., Hindi :


maskriq, m. : dakind kdtk (vulg., Panj.)
Easy, dsdn ; sakl ; salts (of language or style) khusk-kdl in easy circum- :

stances ivuk btbt izdr-band ki dktli kai (that lady is of easy virtue
:
;

lit. she is loose about the


trouser-band) drdm ckaukt easy-chair. :

Eat, kkdnd, ; nosk karnd (polite also = to drink) kkd-jdnd eat up kardm
;
: :

H rotiydn kkdne-wdld (of idle servants eating the bread of idle- ;

ness).

Eaves-dropping, kan-su,iydn lend; ckort se sunnd.


Ebony, dbnus, m.
Eccentric, tamdske kd ddmi (of one who does odd or unusual things).
Echo, gunj. f. ; gunjnd, to echo.
Eclipse, gakan, for grakan, m. :
suraj-grakan and ckandar-gakan :
gakrvdna
intr. {lit. and met.)
Economy, kam-kharckt (frugality in spending) kkdna-ddri (household :

management) Jcharck men kifdyat karnd (to be —


:
sarfa karnd Pan- )
:

jabi (but in Urdu = to spend).

Edge, dhdry f. (of instruments): kindra, m. (margin) : dk^r ke bat and kimire
ke bal (edgewise).
EFF 69 ELU

Educate, Wlim aur tarhiyat c?ewa (to instruct and educate) mcZe Teach, :

Instruct parhdnd likhdnd : [parhd,t likhd^l = ta'lim, f.] taHim-ydfta,


:

educated.
Efface, mitdTidy gen. {lit. and met.) : dur karnd, remove.
'

Effect, asar, m. vide


;
'

Consequence f.
(spec, of medicines,
:
ta^'sir,

ha-jd land = amal men Idnu


'

charms) :
carry into effect).
(to

Efficacious, kdr-gar muftd (of = plans, medicines) is dawd men asar nahln :

this medicine is not efficacious.

Efficacy, ta^sir, f. (effects) :


fdHda, m. (benefit) :
muftd hond.
Efficient, vide Able.

Effort, sa'i, f. (k.) ;


sakht koshish, f. (k.) ;
zor lagdnd or mdrnd : hdth pd^on
mdrna :
jdn lardnd, to make desperate efforts vide Exert. :

Egg, anM (denu) safedi, white


chhilkd, m., shell (prop, peel, skin of fruit)

: :

of : zardJb hachcha nikdlnd, to hatch eggs jaisi mdn waisi heti,


yolk : :

jaisd sut waist phenU, prov. = as the crow so the egg phenti = ;

"skein."
Egress, nikds (place of — ).

Ejaculate, kar-uthnd
inarticulate sounds) kah-uthnd (of articulate
(of ;

sounds): vide Exclaim jharnd, vulg., in med. sense {lit. to fall,


of :
;

leaves to moult, of birds).


;

Eject, nikdl bdhar karnd : zdt bdhar karnd ( from caste) vide Banish, — :

Expel :
[nikdl ddlnd is to take out completely, of concrete or abstract
things, empty a box of, etc.].

Elapse, bU7id ; guzarnd (pass away).


Elastic, Idstlk or rabar, m. Eng. lachild (returning to original form after
:

bending) : lachak-ddr (springy, yielding, as carriage springs, a sweet-


heart's waist).

Elbow, kuhnl (of horse or man) sdye ki tarah sdth sdih hond, to be always :

at the elbow of phate hdlon hond, to be out of elbows. :

Electric, Electricity, bijll, f. (lit. hghtning) tdr-barqi, electric telegraph : :

kd or barqi, adj. bijll ki raushm, electric light.


bijli :

Elder,

se bard or umr men ziydda (of age) buzurg (of tribe, village,
'
:

family; also a saint, an ancestor) bard burhd. :

Elephantiasis, ftl-pd [but ftl-pdya, a column or large pillar of a bridge, etc.].


Electroplate, Electroplated, gilfl, subs, (silver-gilt or gold- gilt) :
gilat kiyd
hu,d adj.
Elementary, ibtidE,i.

Elephant, hdthi, m. ; hdthni, f.

Eligible, vide Fit, Deserving.


Elicit, bdt nikdl-chhornd or bdt nikdl-kar rahnd ^
(information).
Eliminate, chhJdnt-ddlnd.
Elope, le-bhdgnd or urd-lejdnd, gen., to elope with (with persons or things).
Eloquent, khush-baydn.

1 For the force of chhorna, etc., in forraing compound verbs, vide Phillott's
" Hindustani
Manual," pp. 86 and 87.
EMB 60 ENC

Elude, hlle se bha^-nikalna or dhoka dekar nikal-hhdgna to escape by ,

stratagem ankJibachakar nikaUjana^ to elude the vigilance of and escape.


:

Embark, jahdz par saivdr hona.


Emaciated, sukha ku,a :
sirf fiaddi chamfa rah-gaya ; maryal (broken down,
of horses or bullocks).

Emasculate, vide Eunuch and Geld.


Embankment, bandh, m., H., and hand, m., P., gen., (also a dfim).
Embarrass, mushkil men phasand or ddl-dend : vide Perplexity.

Embassy, sifdrat, f. :
sifdrat-khdna (the building).
Embed, bithldnd ; jaf-dend: baithd hu,d, embedded (naturally).
Embers, angdrd, m. bhuhal, f., hot ashes.
;

Embezzle, mdl mdmd, gen. ruptya khd-jdnd or pachd-jdnd


: :
[dahd-haithnd
to keep back by force, or to usurp].

Embezzler, khd,u ; gdo ghap.


'
Emblem, *aldmat (also sign, token, flag).

Embolden, jur^at dend or dildna.


Embrace, kist se gale milnd (of equals, friends) :
— ko gale se (or chhati se)
lagdnd (of children, mistresses, etc.).
Embrocation, mdlish kl dawdji.
Embroil, jhagre men ulajhnd (or uljhdnd) (to be entangled, complicated,
in the quarrel).

Emerald, zumurrvd: [zumurrudi rang, emerald green].


'
Emergency, zarurat kd waqt : vide Crisis.
*

Emigrate, des chhornd : dusre des men jd-basnd.


Emissary, vide Messenger, Spy.
Emetic, qay Jd dawd,i.
Emperor, 1
^^^g^^.•
^ (Caesar)
^ '
:
^
Qaisara,
- >
f.
Empress, j

Empower, ikhtiydr derm : mukhtdr bandnd or karnd.


show :
Empty, khdlt {k.) ; khdli hdth, empty-handed ; TchdU dikhdvd, empty
khdli (of house) sund, desolate deserted us ke dimdgik nfien gud
:
,
:

nahm, empty-headed {lit. gud or gudd = marrow, pith, brain, crumb


of loaf, flesh or soft part of fruits).

Emulate, uski hardbari kl himmat (or hausala) karo, try to emulate him.
Emulation, barhdwd : raqdbat (also = rivalry).
Enable, dp kl bakhshish se main is qdbil hungd ki — .

Enamel, mlnu-kdrl.
Encamp, derd ddlnd or lagdnd.
1650 Encampment, pdrd,o, mil. (place of — ; camping ground): derd, gen.;
kheme, pi. [lit. tents).

Enclose, ihdta-karnd or iJmtOrbandl karnd (of making an enclosure) :


lifdfe
men band karnd a document).(of

Enchant,
— par jddu karnd {lit. and met.).
ENC 61 ENR

Encounter, —
se do char hona, gen., (suddenly) se muth bher hond —
(come hand to hand with) kd muqdhala karnd, gen., (to confront). :
— :

Encourage, dil harhdnd; himmat barhdnd.


Encouragement, harhdvd (giving hope) : vide Incite and Console.
Encroach, hdth pd,on barhd-kar.
Encumbered, qarz ke bojh se dabd hu^d — by debt :
yih darakht be fd,ida
jagaJi ghere hu,e^ hai.

End, vide Edge, Extremity, Boundary; sird, end or head oi a thing:


dkhir, opposed to awwal and shuru^ : anjdm, m. (conclusion) khdtima :

(finishing): wc^c Finish; Destruction; Object.


Endanger, jokJion or khatre men ddlnd ; vide Risk and Dangerous.
Endear, is sabab se logon ki nazar men 'aztz (or chdhitd) band hu,d hat.
' '

Endless, b&-hadd {lit. without boundary) be-intiJm ; vide Countless. ;

Endow, — ke liye kisi chiz ko vaqf kar-dend (of charities or for one's
children) ; vaqf ke rupai and vaqf kl jd,eddden, endowments.
Endure, sahnd (to bear up under) utJidnd, to suffer (willingly or unwill- ;

ingly): rahnd or thaharnd, to last, q.v. vide Durable and Strong. :

Enema, pichkdrl {dend) (also syringe).


Enemy, dushman, gen.; jdm dushmaii — khun kd piydsd dushman — jdn-
levd dushman, deadly enemy.

Energetic, 7 chust o chdldk = phurtild, active mihnati, hard- working : : him-


Energy, ) mat, f. chusti chdldki and phurtlld-pan subs.
;

Enervating, susti paidd karti hai (of climate) ;


vide Weaken.
Enforce, chaldnd (of an order) : 'amal men land.

Engage, naukar rakhnd (a servant) ko rokwd-rakhnd or ke liye kah- :


— —
rakhnd (of a seat in a tonga, etc.) apne upar lend = apne zimme :

men lend, vide Promise, Undertake.


' '

Engine, injan, m., gen. (any engine) kal, f., machinery, mechanism, or a :

portion of a mechanism; kal kd, (mechanical, automaton).


Engrave, khodnd ; kanda karnd.
Engraver, kanda-kdr : muhr-kan (of seals).
'
Enjoin, ta^ldd karnd
'
: vide Order.
Enjoy, kisi chiz se maza lend : — se lutf uthdnd , delight in.
Enjoyment, lazzat, f lutf, m. . :

Enlightened, raushan khaydl.


Enlist, bharti karnd.

Enormous, deo-zdd (of living things).


' '

Enough, bas, adv. ; kdfi, adj. : vide Sufficient and Fully.


Enrage, bharkdnd, gen. {also to stir up; to fan a flame).

Enraged, to be, jhalldnd (to get in a rage) ; jhunjhldnd (to be irritable,


cross) taish men dnd (to get in a passion) : vide Anger.

'
1 Note this use of the participle and the verb * to be. The participle indicates

in a state of encumbering vide '* Hind. Man. ," p. 1967
' "
is : ; Stumbling-Blocks,"
p. 78.
ENQ 62 ESC

Enquire, tdh(^q or daryaft harm : puchhna [with se to enquire and with


ko to enquire after].
Enquiry, tah(fiqat (^.), investigation.

Entangle, ulajhna, intr., and uljhana, tr. ; phasna, intr., and phasana, tr.,
to be noosed, embroiled.

Enter, bhttar or andar jdnd, gen. ghusna (suddenly, or violently, or with ;

difficulty) charJidna = likhnd (of items in a book)


:
paifhnd (to pene- :

trate and stick in).

Enterprise, Ihauscda, subs., hauscda-mand, adj. (= ambitions) and maw-


Enterprising, ) chald-pan, subs, (in business, etc.).
Entertain, mihmdnt k. ; khiJarm pildnd (as host) mihmdn rakhnd (for a :

period) men jagah dend


:
dirrmgh, (of a proposal).
'

Entertainment, tamdsM khel ; vide


'
; Feast.

Entertaining, dil-lagi kd (also amusing) :


dil-baMd,o, subs, and adj.
Enthusiasm, josh, m. ; sar-garnii : pur- josh and joshild, adjec, enthusiast.
Enthusiastic, bard shauqin.
Entice, phuslarm :
[phusldhat, f., sub.].

Entire, samuchd, whole, q.v. vide Complete ;


: dndu (of horse or any male
animal =
possessed of and or dnr).
Entitle, to, kd mustahaqq hond ; kd haqq-ddr horn :
[yih merd haqq hai].

Entrails, atriydn or dnten, pi.


Entreat, — se iltimds karnd (polite for to ask) : se minnat karnd, gen.
Envelope, lifdfa (of letter) : vide Surround, Spread.

Envy, ) hdsid {h.) ; jalrm to be


— ; wuh sab ki nazaron men kdn-
Envious, to be, i id hai, all bear him envy and malice hasad, m. f. {k.):
;

jalan, f. (^^) .*
rashk, m. (k.) jealousy ; also envy in a friendly sense.

1700 Ephemeral, do-roza.

Epidemic, blmdri ki hatud, f.

Epilepsy, mirgt.
Equality, bardbari k, (vie with).
Equilibrium, mizdn kd thik rakhnd ; [mlzdn, f., scales].
Equip, sdz o sdnmn se durust karnd : vide Armed.
Equipage, jilo, m. : vide Retinue.
'
Eradicate, jar se uklmrnd :
'
vide Annihilate and Destroy,
Erase, chhil-dend (prop, to peel) : khuruch-dend (scratch, scrape) : vide
Efface.
* '
Erect, khard karnd, vide Build.

Err, chuknd ; ghalati k. : bhul chuk insdn ki khamir men hai, it is man's
nature to err {khamir lit. dough ; also nature).

Escapade, diwdnu-pan ki harakat.


Escape, nikal-jdnd : nikal-bhdgnd : hdth se jdtd rahnd (to be lost) bachnd ;

(from a threatened evil) dnkh bachdnd, to escape observation.


'
:

*'
For difference between bachna and chhutna, vide

Hindustani Stumbling-
Blocks,** p. 27.
ESC 63 EXA
Escort, badraqa, mil.
Especial, khass ; mahhsus : khass-kar or khusus'^'', adv., especially.
Espionage, mere pichhe jasus lagd,e hu,e hain ; mulchbiri, f.

Essence, jauhar ;
asl.
'

Necessary and Real.


'
Essentially, dar asl ; vide
Establish, qa^im karna (make stable) vide Found, Build, ;

Estate, vide Condition milklyat (land) jagir, f. (land given as a reward


: :

for services or in pension) jd,e-dad, gen. (any estate, landed or :

otherwise).
Esteem, qadar, f.
Estimate, takhmlna (karna) ;
vide Guess, Opinion.

Estrangement, ghairiyat, gen. ; be-gdnagl (between friends) : vide Sepa-


ration.

Etiquette, vide Custom, Rule.


Eunuch, hijrd ; khoja.
Eurasian, iesu, Por. :
dogld (half-breed ;
ofanything) : vide Half-caste.
' '
Evacuate, khdli karna ; chhornd : vide Void.
Evade, vide Escape jawdh dene se gurez karna (evade answering)
:
did :

hdld hatdnd (evasion, shuffling lit. to make false kdm se jl


excuses) ; :

churdnd (evade work).


Evaporate, ur-jdnd.
Eve, shah (with the Pers. izdfat construction) main ah jdne hi ko hun :
(I
am on the eve of departure) Mdmd Hdwwd, Mother Eve. :

Even, jujt _{oi numbers; opp. to tdq, odd): vide Level: main mar tak
jd,ungd, I will even die for you.
Event, wdqi'a; wuqu' : hddisa or wdriddt (accident, or unpleasant oc-
currence) vide Adventure.
:

Evergreen, sadd-bahdr.
Ever-young, sadd-jawdn.
Evidence, gawdhi {dend) : suhut, m. (proof).
'

Evident, mhir ; vide Manifest.


'

Evil, had kdr, evil-doer (gen. = adulterer or fornicator) had nazar, evil- :

eyed (either as" regards looking" at women or possessed of the evil


eye):
siydh dil black-hearted vide Bad, 111. :

Evoke, huldkar hdzir karnd.


' '

Evolve, sochkar nikdlnd: vide Unravel.


Exact, thik: thik thik (exactly); vide Like: 'am waqt par (at the exact
time) jahr^^^ wusul karna (to extort)
: ainthnd (to extort lit. to twist) :
; :

main kauri kauri wusul karungd I will exact the uttermost fact.
Exaggerate, barhdke kahnd (of speech) muhdlagha karnd, gen. (to overdo :

anything) hilli ko sher kar-dikhdnd = rd^i ko parbat karnd.


:

Examine, imtihdn lend and dend (of any test) mulahaza karnd = ikzdmin
* '


:

karnd (inspection, as medical ) puchhpdchh karnd (cross-examine) : :

imtihdn 'pds^ karnd imtihdn men purd utarnd (to pass an examination).
;

Examiner, mumtahin.
EXA 64 EXE

Example, namuna, (pattern; also sample): misal^ f. (in grammar, etc.);


inasl"* adv., for example ta ki duaron ko Hhrat ho = to make an :

example of vide Precedent.
:

Exasperate, sabr ki tab haq% na-rakhna.


Excavate, khodke nikdlna.
Exceedingly, hahut hi: nihdyat (lit.
= intihR darje ka).

Excellent, 'umda, adj.; ^umdagl, sub.


Except, (prep.), chhofkar : ke siim.e. —
Exception, qa'ida se bahar (an exception to a rule).
Excess, ifrat, f . :
[kasrai, abundance.]
1750 Excessive, sajdit (before an adjective or noun; means more than, bahut) :

be-hadd (boundless) : andaze se bahar (beyond prudence, propriety,


good taste, etc., etc.).
Exchange, adal badal karnd : adli badli karnd (exchanging places or
appointments; of two people) yih badli men mild, I got this in :

exchange (change) vide Change. :

Excise, chungi (octroi not on liquors).


;

Exciseman, ddrogka-e dbkdri (inspector of dbkdri or the manufacture of


spirituous liquors).
Excite, joshmen land : uksdnd, to goad (lit. with a sharp instrument) :

hharkdnd (fan into a flame) vide Incite. :

Excitement, :/os/t,m., gen. (boiling, in mind, ebulUtion of people) halchal, :

f.(unrest, being upset) josh dildne-wdli khabar, exciting news.


:

Exclaim, zor se boUuthnd or chilld-uthnd vide Ejaculate. :

Exclamation, jarydd, loud cry (also complaint).


f.,

Exclude w(ie Forbidden mahrum karnd: mahrumi^ exclusion.


,
:

Excommunicate, jamd'at or zdt se nikdlnd : vide Outcaste.


Excoriated, to be, chamrd chhilnd, intr.
Excrement, fuzla, gen. {lit. residue, refuse) :
maild, vulg. :
guh (gen. but
spec, human ordure) :
bit,i. (of birds) : vide Dung.
Excruciating, jdn-kdh.
Exculpate, bart karnd (from blame).
Excursion, sair o safar.
Excuse, mu'df karnd (from an act committed) and mu'df rakhnd (from an
act contemplated) mu'dft chdhnd or mJdngnd (to ask for pardon, or to
:

be excused) hila haivdla karnd, to make shuffling excuses (to evade


:

doing something) 'uzr, m., gen., a plea langrd 'uzr, a lame excuse.
:
;

Execute, vide Pretence, Pretext.


Execrate, kisi ke ndm
yar la'nat bhejnd (of living or dead).
Execute, vide Complete ba-jd Idnd or 'amal men Idnd, to carry into
: effect.
Vide Hang, Behead.
Executive, intizdml ; [from intizdm, arrangement, administration, dis-

cipline].
Exempt, mu'df karnd (of the thing not of the person; as, us par tiks

mu'df hai) : mu'dfi, subs.


EXE 65 EYE

Exercise, warzish, f. {k.) and kasrat, f. (k.) (of bodily exercises; vide
Practice) :
mashq, f . {k.) a task vide Copy
: and Drill.

Exert, zor mama; hath pa, oh mama; koshish karna: 'vide' Attempt,
Effort, Try, strive.
[I„^,itg_
Exhort, nasthat dend (admonish) : himmat dildnd : dil hdrhdnd :
'
vide
'

Exile, des se nikdlnd : vide Banish, Deport :


des-nikdld, subs., m. {milnd).
Exonerate, vide Exculpate.
Exorbitant, ag ke mol \men\ adv.
' '

Exorcist, 'am^7, Soothsayer. vide

Expect, tawaqqu'-, f (k.) (of something looked for or naturally expected, as


friendship from a certain person) vide Fear, Hope, Danger, and :

Wait ab dyd hi chdhta hai, he's expected at once.


:

'

Plan, Means.
*

Expedient, mundsib, adj. : vide

Expedition, muhimm, f., any important enterprise :


lam, f., mil. expedition.

Expel, nikdlnd : nikdl bdhar karnd ;


— se bdhar kamd :
'
vide
'

Banish,
Outcaste.
Expend, \rupiya uthdnd (of great sums) : kharch (karnd) :
Idgat, f.

Expenditure, J (actual cost) : vide Cost, Price.

Expensive, qimttti (costly) : besh-kharch ; vide Valuable.


Experience, tajriba, m. [k.) : *vide' Examine, Test: khoke sikhnd, =
dear-bought experience.
Experiment, vide Examine, Test.

E o rtness \
^"^^^^'' ^^^'^^ a,dj. : ustddi and mahdrat, f., subs.

Explain, samjhdnd ; batldnd (show) :


baydn karnd (narrate).
Explicitly, sdf sdf.

Exportation, raftani, f.

Expressly, ta^kid se : vide Injunction and Especially.


Exquisite, nihdyat najls.
Extend, lambd karnd (hold out) : vide Spread and Increase.
Extensive, wasi'.
Exterminate, — kl jar (or —ko jar se) kdUddlnd : vide Uproot.
Extinguish, bujhdnd, gen. gul karnd (of lamps). :

Extraordinary, gtkctir-ma'muU ; be-dastur (not usual) : nirdlu (strange or


unique) or anokhd (peculiar, odd).
Extravagance, juzul kharchi.
Extravagant, kharrdch (a new word) urd,u, and lutd,u, spendthrift. :

'

Exude, pastjnd : vide Drip and Ooze.


'

Eye, dnkh :
putli, pupil of— (lagnd) (the evil eye)
:
nazar, f. : mdda huk,
(for hook ;
lit. female hook the
is called nar huk).
;
hook
Eyebrow, bhaun, f. (also coronet of horse's hoof).
Eyelid, palak, f. :
(also = a moment) :
papotd, m.
Eyesight, nazar : roshni, f. (Ut. light).
Eyesore, dnkh kd kdntd.
Eye-witness, dnkhon dekhi {bat] kahtd hai — .

9
FAB 66 FAR

Fable, kaJmnl, any fictitious story: vide Story.


Fabricate, qissa gafhnd —a ( story).
Fabulous, qiasa kahJdni kd — .

Face, chihra : munh (also = mouth) vide Appearance sdmnd karnd, to


;
:

face, vide Confront: main kyd munh leke un ke sdmne jd,un, "how
can I face him (I'm " munh ke hal " fell on
'

* '
ashamed)? :
gird (I) my
face : vide Grimace.

Facilitate, dsdn karnd ; suhuUyat dena : sahl kdrnd.

Facilities,
— H drdm hai, coll.

Factf haqtqat (truth reality) ,


:
lodqi'a (a thing that has happened) : asl bdt
" the fact is
yih hai, ."
'

fd hona (in examination or business) kam hond (be deficient)


'

Fail, to, : .

karne se chuknd, to fail to do vide Deficient, Bankrupt. :

Faint, be-hosh hond = — ko gMsh dnd (become senseless) kam-zor : dil kd,
faint in heart, (also without moral courage) kam-himmat, : faint-
hearted :
phikd lacking distinctness (also insipid).
Fair, gord^ of complexion, (also a private soldier or a seaman) munsif- :

mizdj (in nature, umpiring, etc.) khard, of shopkeepers in dealing :

(lit. good, of coin) vjdjibi moderate meld, subs. : :

Faith, vide Religion, Reliance.


Faithful, namak-haldl, of dependents; wafd-ddr, gen. of lovers, servants,
dogs.
Falcon, hdz, prop, the female goshawk siydh-chashm (lit. black-eyed). :

Fall, parnd (also = to lie), to fall gently or metaphorically girnd, to : fall


with suddenness or force. ^
False, jhutd, gen. ;
khotd or ja'll, not genuine :
gihcdat, erroneous.
Fame, —kd bard ndm hond, of people: shuhrat, f., or shuhra, m., fame or
notoriety.
Famous, mushhur ; mashhur maWuf : ndmi : ndmwar.
Family, ahl o 'aydl, m., pi., wife and children = joru bachche : hhdnddn,
lineage ghar kl lafd^, family quarrel us kd pd,on bhdrt hat, she's in

: :

the family way a woman's colloquialism vide Lineage. :

Famine, kdl^ m. :
qaht, m. or qahUsdlt, f.

Fan, {huth kd, or dastt) pankhd (jhalnd).


Far, dur, (without a noun) dur kd (with a noun) ;
: us taraf or parli taraf,
the far side.
Farewell, Khudd hdfiz kahnd, to bid (Muslim) —
se rukhsai hond, to :

take one's leave of :

se milnE (to see, to see for the last or first time).

Fare, kirdya or bhdrd, hire, rent, fare.


Farrier, na'Uband, shoeing-smith :
sdlotri, H., an Indian veterinary sur-
geon.

1 Bal always gives the idea of movement or exertion,


2 Vide " S tumbling-Blocks," Supplement.
FAS 67 FIN

Fast, kasa hu,a, drawn tight mazbut, firm tez, in movement roza {rakh

: : :

no) any religious fast faqa karnd, voluntary, and se hona, involun-
:

tary, remaining hungry (not rehgious).


Fat, charhi, subs.: mota, adj. (also thick, and coarse) :
farhih : taiyar, of
animals only.
Fatal, qaza kd (deadly) :
[in Urdu qazd means time of death.]

Fate, taqdir, f. muqaddar^ m. qismat, f ; qazd


; ;
. f . death : vide Luck.

Father, hd'p : bdhd or abbd (in address) wdlid. :

Fatigue, thakan, f. ; thakdwat, f. :


mdndagt.
Fault, qusur, m. {k.) :
bhul-chuk, f. = ghalatl, error :
hhatjd f. {k.) (also to
miss a mark).
Fear, dar, m. khauf, m. (khdnd) : — ko dar lagnd or dnd, and darrm, to fear.

Feast, teoJmr, gen. festival parab : m. :


da'wat, f., invitation to anything :

ziydfat, party vide Occasion. :

Feature, ndk wxqsha.


Feeble, kam-zor, gen. :
nd-tdqat, of living things only.
Feed, khildnd; khildim pildrm.
Feel, mujhe sardllagti or maHum hotl hai, I feel cold: chhund to touch:
mujhe sharm dti hai or lagti hai or ma'lum hoti hai, I feel ashamed:
tatolnd, to grope or feel, sp. in the dark nabz dekhnd, to feel the pulse. :

Feeling, hiss, f., (sense of feeling) : dili jazba (emotion).

Felt, namdd, m.
Female, mdda or mddin.

Fertile, dbdd (of country or of land) : zar^hhez (of land).

Fever, bukhdr, m. :
tap, f.

Few, thore se ; thord ek ; chand ; vide Some, Several.


Field, khet (also a breeding district for horses) :
maiddn, of battle.
Fierce, khun-khwdr (lit. blood-drinking ; of tyrants, etc. : hhun-rez (bloody ;

of battle) '-
sakht.

Fife, bdnsi or bdnsri: (but bdnsi, a flute; a fishing-rod; a fishing-hook).


Fig, anjir, f.

Fight, larnd, gen., quarrel, fight, etc. :


bhirnd, come hand to hand with :

mdr-pit karnd, with blows, etc., of two people or more.


Figure, surat, f. ; shakl, f. :
hindasa, m. (in arithmetic) : vide Face.

Filch, to, uchaknd : uchakkn, filcher.

File, reii (of iron) fail, Eng. :


(office).

Fill, bharnd: pet-bhar, adv. ( =" one's fill").


Filth ghildzat, f. (also adjective).
' '

Filthy, ganda ; ahaUz : vide Disgusting.


Fin, machhll kd par.
* '

Final, dkhiri : vide Decisive.


Find, kisi diiz ko pdnd ; mujhe kitdb mill, I found the book {vide Meet) :

paidd karnd, find out or produce tajwiz, f. {k.) (of Court also proposal). :
;

Fine, kisi par jurmdna lagdnd or kisi ko jurmdna karnd; mahtn, adj. gen :

bdrik, gen. (fine, also minute).


FIN 68 FLY

Finger, unglt (also a toe) :


[anguthd, the thumb or the big-toe].

Finish, tamdm kama; khatm k. ; anjam ko pahuncMnd : nibtana con-


sume, use up : vide Perfect.
i. dtash-zadagl (conflagration now used in
Fire,
—ag, general sense)
: :
;

menaglagdnd, set on handuq chaldnd or chhofna or fair karnd or fire :

ddghnd, to fire a gun, etc.

Firework, dtash-bdzt (chhornd).


First, pahldf adj. :
paMe, adv. :
pahle-pahal, adv., the first time.

Fish, mackhli, (also the fish-insect


f. = ;
the biceps ;
the calf of the leg) :

machhlt kd shikdr karnd, to fish.


Fisherman, machhii^d (also the name of a boat).

Fist, mutthl, the closed fist.

Fit, qabil ; Id.iq adj. .• vide Proper, Fitting : daura (of disease ;
lit. turn).
Fixed, jard hu,d (of fixtures).
Flag, jhaTidd (large) and jhandi (small).
Flame, lau, f. shu'la, m. bharak-uthnd to burst into flames also to
;
:
, ;
flare

up, of dying embers [bharaknd also moans to shy, of a horse]. :

Flank, kokh, m, (of animals or humans) bdzu or pahlu (of army). :

Flash, kaund, f. (of lightning) :


chamak, f., gen.
'

Flat, chipid :
*
vide Level and Prostrate :
chiptd-pan, subs.
Flatter, kisl kl hhushdmad or chEplusi karnd : jutt kl khdk chdtnd or jhdrnd
(met. to lick a person's boots).
Flaw, *aib, m. nuqs, m. ;

Flea, pissu, m.
Flee, bJmgnd: chal-dend (disappear suddenly) : vide Run and Escape.
Flesh, gosht.
Flexible, lachtla : lachak-dur (springy) .

Flight, firdr, m. :
bJmgar (stampede of a number).
Flinch, jhijhaknd.
Flint, chaqmdq, m.
Float, pdnl ke upar bahnd: fitna, m. (fishing).
Flock, galla or rewar, m. (of sheep or goats).
Flog, kord mdrnd.
Flood, sa*7a6 .•
[but serdb {k.), m., irrigation]: tugJiydni {men and) (being
in flood, of rivers ;
also being rough, of the sea).

Floor, takhta-bandl of wood zamm, gen. ,


:

Flourish, raunaq kl hdlat men hai (of cities).


Flower, phul, butd (on cloth).m :

Fluctuate, ghatnd barhnd.


'

Fluent, farfar bolnd : tardre se bolnd, vide' Glib.


' '

Flute, bdnsri Fife (but bansi fishing-rod).


vide
Flutter, tarapnd (when the throat is cut also of fish out of water ; ;
also
met. = to yearn q.v.).
Fly, urnd :
ur-jdnd, to fly away urd-le-jdnd, fly away with (lit and met.) : :

makkhl, f., subs, (a small fly) and makkM, m. (a blue-bottle). ;


FLY 69 FOR

Fly-blown J sydhl baith-ga,l.


Foal, hachhera, m. ; and bachheri, f.
(filly), gen.
Fodder, chdra, m. :
(also bait for fish) : vide Forage.

Fog, kohrd, m., or kohdsd (mist).


Fold, dohrdnd (to double)) : tah k. (of paper, clothes) vide Wrap tah, : : f.

Follower, pairau, gen. :


bahlr, f., camp-followers; in Panj. kamlna-log.

Fondness, slmuq, gen. :


raghhat (Uking, spec, for eatables).
Food, khdnd :
khurdk, f. :
ghizd, f., diet.

Fool, ahmaq :
be-wuquf : bail ; ullu ; kdth kd ullu utter fool, '

; mashhara
(professional).
Foot, j)d,on ; panja (also =
hand)j paidal or piydda or pd-piydda, adv., on
foot pag, f., a footprint
:
pdyon kl dhat, foot-fall. :

Fop, bdnkd, a dandy ; ranglld (effeminate fop).


Forage, ddna ^ds : vide Fodder.

Forbid, — se mana' k. : kisl ko kisi chiz kl mumdna*at k. : KhudE na-kare


God forbid : vide Stop.

Force, zor : vide Power and Tyranny and Violence jabr or zor se kardnd ;

(to force to do vide Compel) be-gdr, forced labour begdri, forced



.
:
;

labourer be-kdri se begdri bhall Prov.


:

Ford, )
pdydb pdnl is an adjective only in speaking pdnl
- [pdydb
; ;

Fordable, ] thord hai a ford] : vide Wade.


Forehead, mdthd, m. peshdnl. ;

Foreign, pardesl or ghair mulkl, gen.


Foreigner, bidesl or ajnabl (of humans only).
Foresight, pesh-blnl or dur-andeshi.
Foreskin, topi: gMldf, m.
Forest, jangal, m ; ban, m.
Forged, ja'll {k.) (of writings, coins).
Forgery, ja'l-sdzl.
Forget, bhulnd (without ne) :
fardmosh k.
* '
Forgetful, bhulakkar : vide Careless.

Forgive, chhornd (let off, let go) :


mu'df k. : bakhshnd.
Fork, kdnta : do-shdkha hond, to fork (as a river).
Form, daul, m. shakl, ;
f. : vide Shape, Face, Appearance; warn', f.,
mode : vide System.

Fornicate, vide Adultery.


Fort, qil'a, m. :
garh, m. (large) and garhl, f. (small).
Fortifications, '\qiVa-bandl k. : mustahkam karnd, gen. (to make strong ;
of
Fortify, J any place).
Fortress, vide Fort.
Fortunate, khush-qismat or —naslb :
qismat kd sand, a very lucky person.

1 Even an owl may have some sense, but a wooden owl — .


FOR 70 FUL

Fortune-teller, nujumi (astrologer) : rammdl (properly one who tells for-


tunes by sand ; rami, Ar. sand) : vide Soothsayer.

Forward, to, vide Send.

Foster, dudh-hha,t (foster-brother) :


dudh-pild,t (
— mother) :
dudh-bdp
(foster-father).

Foundation, bunydd, f. (ht. and met.) :


neo, f. (lit. only) :
jar, f., or asl,
f. (basis lit.
; root).

Founder, bant.
Foundling, l-d-wdris bachcha (
— without owner).
Fountain, jawwdrd, m. (artificial jet) :
chashma, m., spring or fountain-
head of a stream, etc.
Fowl, murc0 (hen) :
murgbfii (cock) : chuza (a chicken) : vide Bird.

Fowler, chiti-rmr. Hindu; mir-shikdr, Muslim.


Fox, lomrtj f.

Fragile, vide Brittle and Crisp.


Frame, dhdnch or dhdncha (the outline or frame of anything) chaukathd

:

(picture ).

Fraud, vide Deceive and Cheat and Cunning.


Free, dzdd ; bachd-rahnd, to keep free from.
Freeze, jamnd, intr., and jamdnd, tr.

Freight, vide Hire.


Fresh, tdza, gen. tar o tdza (of fruit or vegetables of faces)
;
hard (fresh, ,
:

of green things lit. green) tdza-dam (of people


; refreshed). ; ;

Fretful, chirchird (of children, sick or old people).

Friction, ragar, f.

Friday, junta' : suk or sukr.


*

Friend, dost ; ydr ;


'
vide Comrade.
Frontier, sar-hadd, f.

Frost, pdld^ m. {parrm) ; pdld-mdrd, frost-bitten.

Froth, jhdg, m. ; phen, m., or kaf, m. (also = foam).


Frown, ndk bhaun charhdnd.
Frozen, jama hu,d.
Fruit, mewa, m. ; phal, m.
Fruiterer, kunjrd (Muslim) ; mewa-farosh (spec, seller of Kabul fruits).

Fruitful, phal-ddr or mewa-ddr (of trees) ; vide Fertile.

Fry, talnd.
''
Frying-pan, fri-pdn''* m., Eng. pattern.
Fugitive, bhagord ; firdri ; bhaggu (a turn-tail, one that always runs away,
of a cock, or a man, etc.).

Fulcrum, tek, f.

Fulfil, purd karnd.


Full, bhard hu,d ; lab-d-lab (full up to the brim) ; vide Complete :
[haqtqi or
saga bhd,l, full brother, vide Br other].
FUM 71 GEN

Fumigate, dhunl dena.


^
Fun, tamasha ; kisl ko ullu banana to make fun ^
of.

Funeral, janaze ka jana.


Fur, pashm, gen. {vide Hair and Wool) :
rowan, m. (of fine fur only).

Furious, ghazah-nak, gen.


Furnace, bhatf, f. (under a boiler).
Furniture, asbab, m., Eng
Fuss, to,dhiim dharakkd m., (machdna) rd^l se parbat hond (fuss about
j

Fussy, nothing; exaggerate, q. v.).


\

Future, dyande ke Uye, "for future use or tirD.e as regards the future,"
but dyanda, " in future
"
dyande, kd hdl, the Future.
:

Fye, chhi; tauba chht, (mild).

G
Gain, vide Advantage.
Gain, to, vide Obtain and Acquire; also Win, Succeed and Reach.
Gait, chdl, f

Gale, dndhi (spec, with dust); tufdn, gen., (storm, flood, etc.): jhakkar
(of wind only).
Gallant, dhagrd, (contemp. ; paramour of married or unmarried woman) ;

dshnd (ditto, polite).

Gallery, galydrd (any long narrow room ;


also a narrow passage between
low houses; connected with gal%).
Gallows, tikti; phdnsi kd takhta.
Gamble, ju,d kheind, gen.
Gambler, ju,dri, gen.
Game, khel, gen. :
bdzi, a single match ;
shikar (quarry, etc.) : ullu bandnd
(to make game of).

Gaol, jel-khdna or qaid-khdna.


Garden, bd§[^, gen. (a garden, a park, etc.) ;
bdghicha (small) :
phulwdrl,
flower-garden.
Gardener, mdli, m. ,
and mdlin, f. ; bd^-bdn.
Garlic, lahsan, m.
Garrulous, bakbakiyd.
Gate, phdtak, m. darwdza, gen. (also = door and doorway).
:

Gather, vide Collect ugdhnd (of taxes or subscriptions of


:
; money only,
but not by force) vide Infer paknd (of a sore).
: :

Gelding, dkhta {k.) : khassi (k.) (spec, of goats and cocks).


Gender, jins, f. (lit. kind, species ;
also goods, stuff).

General, 'dmm:
kulliya qd'ida (a general rule) Jarnel, mil. :

Generally, 'umum''", or 'dmm, taur par: [aksar. adv. means often and adj.
most].
Generation, nasi (also = race, family, breed).
Generosity, sakhdwat, f.; daryd-dili (beneficence).
GEN 72 GLI

Generous, saMii ; daryd-dil, very generous vide Beneficent and Benevolent. :

Genius, 'aql ka putld ( = tabbd' in high Urdu).


Gentle, sharlf, gen. (lit. noble, well-born, etc.) :
gAarlb or stdhd {quiet, of
animals or men) vide Harmless. :

Gentleman, hhala-mdnus (lit. good man) ; sharif : sa fed-posh.


Genuine, asli.

Gesture, bhd,o, m. (of actors or nach girls; not natural) :


add, t (manner,
not gesture) harakat (also action).
:

Get, vide Procure, Obtain.


*
Ghost, bhut, gen.
Ghoul, giul.
Giant, dev : dev-zdd ddrni (of a big man).

Gibberish, bar, f., {hdnknd or mdrnd).


Gibbon, huluq (from its cry).

Gibe, vide Taunt.


Giddy, merd sir ghumtd Tiai or mere sir men chakkar hai, I feel giddy.
Gift, hadiya (from friends) : nazar from an inferior : in'dm or balchshish
(to inferior).

GigantiCj_ 'afrtt-surat or dev-surat, of men or animals : vide Giant :


jhdr-
pahdr, ad]., oi trees.
Giggle, vide Titter.
2000 Gild, giltt k. or gilat k.

Gin, sher-dahdn ; kurki :


jin shardb (the spirit).
Ginger, adrak, f. (green) ; south, f. (dried).
Giraffe, zirdfa.

Girl, larkt : dihokri (a mere girl ;


vide Boy).

Girth, tang, m. (of saddle) :

Gist, khuldsa matldb.

Give, derid: 'aid or -indyat karnd (to bestow) de-derm or de-ddlnd, to give :

away hdr-jdnd, to give in or give up, be defeated hdr mdnnd, to say


: :

I give in,' to acknowledge defeat


'
chkor-baithnd to give up (service), ; ,

improperly or out of time.


Gizzard, pathrl.
Glad, mangan (joyous) : hhush (pleased) :
bdgh bdgh (delighted).
Gladly, khushl Idiushi [sej.

Glance, ek nazar (a short sight of) sarsan namr (a superficial, careless :

glancing at) kankhi (a stealthy glance) tir diwdr par se phisalkar


: :

us ko jd-lagd, the arrow glanced off the wall and hit him vide Rebound :

and Ricochet.
Glare, raushnl kl tezl.

Glass, shisha : kdnch (common glass) : vide Tumbler.

Glib, safd,i se (or tardre se) jhuth boltd hai (= glib liar).

Glimmer, timtimdnd (burn dimly) :


jhilmildnd (flicker, in wind ; also of stars).

Glimpse, kisi kt jhalak dend, to catch a ghmpse (lit. ghttering) of anyone.


GLO 73 GRA

Glossary, farhang, f.

Glove, dastdna, m.
Glowworm, jugnu, f.

Glue, saresh, m. ;
saresh se jornd or lagdnd (to glue).

Glutton, petu ; khd,u, gen. met. = Embezzler, etc.

Gnaw, kutarnd (of rodents) : chabdnd (\\t. to chew ;


of dog with a bone).
Go, jdnd ; chald-jdnd (to go away or go along with) :
chale-jdnd, to con-
tinue to go vide Start, Depart, Walk chalnd, to
: : come into motion.

Goad, dhkus, m. (of elephant; and met. an overseer that makes people
work) chhor, m. (for ox) ara''i k., lit. uksdnd, prop, of elephants,
: : :

but met. for people.


Goal, gol, Eng. (in polo or football) ;
darwdza (ditto) ;
bdzi (one game) :

maq- sad (of ambition) :


manzil-i-maqsud (destination).
Goat, bakri f . :
bakrd, he-goat.
Goatee, bakre ki ddrhi.
Gobble, dhakosnd : vide Voracious.

God, Khudd (term used both by MusHms and Hindus) Allah (of Muslims) : :

Parmeshar or Bhagwdn (of Hindus) de,otd, a Hindu God. :

Gold, } sond, subs. m. :


sunahrl, golden in colour, or gilt, q.v. : sone kd,
Golden, j made of gold.

Gonorrhoea, suzdk^ f.
Good, achchhd ; bhald ; khub ; vide Pious, Real: ydr-bdsh, a good fellow
(but of women has an unflattering sense = immodest) totd pura k., :

make good a loss: bhald,t or nekl, subs., good (as opposed to evil) :

vide Benefit and Harmless.

Goose, hans :
rdjhans : ban bat.

Goshawk, bdz (female) :


jurra (male).
Gossip, gap shap, i. (k.) (of more than one); shahr-khabrd m. and hhabn
f. (a person).

Gourd, kadu, m., gen. (a pumpkin, etc.; also vulg. the penis) : laukl =
kddu.

Gourmand, vide Glutton.

Gout, niqris, m.
Govern, hukumat karnd :
qdbu men rakhnd (control).
Governor, Hakim.
Grace, jazl, m. (of God): albeld-pan (of movement; of humans only):
vide Naive.

Gradually, rafta rafta : dhista dhista (also = slowly).


J" r', i
paiwand {lagdnd) :
paiwandi, ad]., gra>ited.
Grafted, ^

Grain, andj or ghalla (edible) :


ddna, any grain or seed for men or
animals.
Gram, chand, m.
Grandfather, dddd (paternal) and nana (maternal).
Grandson, potd (son's son) and nawdsd (daughter's son).
GRA 74 GRO

Grant, to, vide Allow, Give.


Grape, angur, m. [angur :
granulate, bharnd
wound]. is to of a
Grapple,
—sebhir-jana come hand to hand with, also used met.)
(to :
guthna
(to close, of wrestlers).
Grasp, 2or se pakafna or thdmnd.
**
Grass, f/Aas, f. :
dub,
doob-grass," f., in the Panjab Ichabal.

Grateful, — kd ahukr-guzdr or mamnun or ihadn-mand.

G tu't \fn'Uft (men) :


muft kd, adj., gratuitous.

Grave, qabr, f. gor, f. ;


:
qabristdn, m. (graveyard) : bhdrl serious, im-
portant, q.v.
Gravel, kankar, m. rort, ; f., crushed stone :
pathrt, med. (in bladder).
Gravy, yakhnt.
Gray, sabza (of horses only) :
bhurd, brown, is also applied to grey :
safed
(of hair).

Graze, chamd.

Vchiknd, adj. and chiknd,i, subs.


'

P
Greedy, us ko bard haukim hai, gen. (never satisfied) ;
hirsi [but haris
avaricious] Idlcht, covetous.
:

' '

Green, hard or sabz, Fresh kachclid,


adj. raw, q.v
;
vide vide :
;

Immature and Inexperienced hard-pan, subs., bsing green (abstract :

idea) : sabzi, gen. (abstract and concrete ; also vegetables q.v.).


Green-grocer, sabzt-farosh, gen. :
kunjrd (Muslim) vide Fruitseller.
Greenhorn, bhuch.
Greet, to, saldm karnd, gen. (by word or sign).

Gregarious, jhund men rahne-wdld.

Greyhound, tdzt kuttd (lit. Arabian) :


jahdzi (sometimes used for English
imported greyhound).
Gridiron, giriUddn, m. {par pakdnd).
Grief, gjiam (k.) :
ranj, gen. (also = pain, displeasure) : alam.
Grill, vide Gridiron.

Grimace, kisi kd munh chirdnd (to make faces at).

Grin, ddnt kisornd (foohshly ; of shy people, madmen ;


but not used of
pain).
Grind, pisnd (to powder) : dulnd (to grind coarsely; split peas, etc.).

Gripes, mar or, m.


Gristle, kurkuri haddt or simply kurri.
Grizzled, khichari bdl or khichari ddrht, etc. (lit.
—like rice and ddl).

Groan, kardhnd.
Grocer, pansdri (also a drug-seller).
Groom, sa,is.

Groove, ndli (lit. drain, small water-course).


Ground, zamm : vide Cause, Foundation, Proof.

Groundless, be-bunydd.
GRO 75 HAI

Grow, barhnd, gen. (increase in size, etc ): ugna, spring up from the ground
* '

(of plants) : vide Increase, Improve.


Growl, ghurrdna.
Grudge, kina (rakhnd) (also malice, rancour, spite).
Grumble, burburdnd (with discontent) : vide Complaint.

Guarantee, vide Security.


Guard, — kl hifdzat or nigah-hdni karnd — kd pahra karnd or dendy mil.
to,
or police — ki pdshdm karnd, mil. —ki chaukiddrl karnd (usually of ;

—se hoshydr or
:
;

police) vide Sentry, Keeper


:
gdrad, Eng., mil. :
f., :

chaukas rahnd (to be on one's guard against).


Guardian, rakh-wdl, keeper, custodian, q.v.
Guess, atkal, m. {k.) qiyds, m. {k.) (also :
= analogy) ,' atkal se (at a guess) :

vide Conjecture, Estimate, Opinion.

Guest, mihmdn.
Guide, rdJi hatdnd or dikhdnd :
— ki rdh-namd.i karnd : rahbar, m., gen.
Guilt, vide Fault, Crime.

Guiltless, be-qusur ; be-jurm.


Guilty,mujrim or qusur-wdr.
Guinea-fowl, chiniya murghi or vildyatt titar.
Guitar, sitdr (lit. three strings).
Gulf, khdrl ; khalij.
Gulp down, to, ghuntnd (of liquids, anger).
^* Vmasurhd or masurd, m.
^ (the gums) :
gond, f. (gum Arabic).
Gun, banduq, f. (small-arm ;
vide Rifle) :
top, f. (big gun ; cannon) :

charkhl-tmlt top (maxim).


Gunner, topchi : gandar, Eng.
Gunpowder, bdrud or bdrut.
Gush, phut-nikalnd.
Gust, jhokd or jhakold (sudden ;
of wind).
Gut, tdnt, f.

Gutter, vide Drain.


Gymnasium, akhdrd (a wrestling-arena, or a place for gymnastic exercises).

H
Habit, 'ddat, f. lat or dkat, f., a bad habit tariqa, m., custom
: •.

q.v.
Habitation, basti (a collection of habitations) vide House. :

Hackney, kirdye kd, adj. theke kd (in Calcutta). :

Hag, dhaddo, f. (an old thin woman) vide Witch. :

Haggle, mol-jol karnd.


Haggler, bakheriyd (also quarrelsome).
Hail, old {parnd) : patthar (stones).
Hair, bdl, m. rowan or rungtd^ the fine hair on the
:
body of man or beast
bdl ki khdl khinchnd — to split hairs.
HAI 76 HAS

Hair-spring, hal-kamant.
Half, adM, adj. and subs. masc. : adha adhd, half-and-half.
Half-caste, dogJtla or do-7iasla, adj., gen. (any half-breed) : Andru Pldro
(contemptuous term in Calcutta a reflection on Scotch
;
missionaries
and Jesuit priests) : us ki nasi men phent hai : vide Eurasian.

Hall, daldn, m. :
hdl-kamrd, Eng.
Halo, hdla, m. (of moon, or round heads of saints).

Halt, muqdm karnd, (on a march) : tiknd (to tarry) :


muqdm or tikdyOy
subs. m.

Halve, ddhoh ddh karnd.


Hammer, mdrtol, m. (ordinary); hathon, f.
(goldsmith's) : hathaurd (very
large, for pegs).
Hamper, vide Impede qdnun se mere hdth pd,on jhakare hu,e haih = I am
— —
:
(

"fettered
"
hampered by regulations).
Hand, hdth, m. (also the arm the fore-leg of a horse the foot of a hawk
; ;
:

also = a cubit) hand-breadth = chdr-ungal, adv


:

Handcuff, hath-kart, f.
Handful, mutthi-{bhar), adv.
Handkerchief, ru-mdl, m.
Handle, dasta, ni. vide Touch: mal-dal karnd to hdbudle ruh (of things
:
, ,

or small animals, etc. also to squeeze a mistress; maid dald—


" not
;

fresh goods," of a girl that has been often engaged, etc., etc).

Handsome, shakil (of animate things only) : shdn-ddr (of houses, furniture,
and also of animate things).
Hang, tdngnd (from a height, above); latkdnd, gen. tr., to suspend; tdngnd
and lataknd, intr. phdnsi dend (by execution).
:

Hanger-on, pichh-laggu : vide Creature and Parasite.

Happen, hond ; wdqi^ hond : ho-parnd or d-parnd, to befall (i.e., suddenly).


Happy, khush o khurram : phald phuld, prosperous.
Harass, tang karnd; diqq karnd; satdnd, gen.
'

Harbour, langar-gdh : vide Shelter.


'

'

Hard, sakht ; kard ;


'
vide Difficult.

Hare, khar-gosh.
Harem, zandna or zandna makdn, gen.: haram-sard (of rulers).

Harm, nuqsdn or zarar pahuncMrm : kisi kd bigarnd : vide Loss.

Harmful, muzi (of animals or men).


Harmless, sudhd or bs-dzdr (of animals): nek-bakht (of animals, people;
good, of a child) be-zarar (of drugs, food, persons).
:

Harness, sdz, m. {lagdnd or charhdnd) : joind, to harness (horse or


bullocks in plough) ; [jot, f., trace].
Harsh, khurdurd (rough to the touch) : vide Hard.
Harvest, kdtni kd waqt ; fast kd waqt.
Hasten, jaldi karnd.
Hasty, jald-bdz (not in good sense).
HAT 77 HEA

Hat, topi, gen.

Hatch, ande se nlkalna, tr.

Hatchet, kulharl.
Hate, kisi se nafrat rakhna gen. (to dislike): lit. dill nafrat, gen. (aversion
,

to) kisl se bu^z rakhna (to hate
:
of people only) kisl se dushmanl;
:

rakhna.

Haughtiness, \dimagji-dar : dimdcjh, subs., haughtiness (lit. brain, the cause


Haughty, J of haughtiness) vide Proud. :

Haul, us tijarat men hahut rupiya plt-liya


= he made a great haul vide ;

Lucrative.

Haunted, bhuihd, adj., coll. : bhut-wdld.

Have, vide Keep: no one word; expressed by ke pas hond, or the genitive
''
with hond, etc., etc. vide Phillott's Hindustani Manual," p. 75.
;

Hawk, bdz, m., used in a general _sense (but properly the female goshawk,
q.v.) bdz se shikdr khelnd verb
:
pherl karke bechnd, tr. (of mer- :

chandise.)
Hawker, pheri-wdld, gen. bakas-wdld, peddler. :

Hazard jokhon men ddlnd, to hazard: jokhon kd or khatre kd, hazardous.


Head, sir, H. sar, P. (of living things) sird (gen., of inanimate things)
;
: :

vide Leader and Source sarddr hona, to be at the head of in a good


:
,

cause and sar-ghana, ditto in a bad cause sir kd dard, headache.


;
:

Headlong, sir ke bal.

Headquarters, sadr, m. (also the chief seat in an assembly, and the chief
bazar in a Cantonment) for sadr maqdm. ;

Headstall, sir-duwdll, of bridle: nuktd, halter.


Headstrong, sar-kash, gen.
Heal, shifd dend (of God) fuldh ddktar ke 'ildj se achchhd hu,d
:
(lit. he
got well by So-and-So's treatment).
Health, tandurusU or sihhat {good health) now in Urdu sihhat : is used
generally for health gooi or bad otherwise mizdj or tabVat. :

Heap, dher, m. :
toda, m.
Hear, sunnd : [the tr. sundnd, to read aloud to, to tell]: vide Attend to,
Listen.

Hearsay, sunl-sund,l bdt.

Heart, dil : jl, mind; kalejd, liver, (is used for heart metaphorically, as :

kalejd munh ko dyd, my heart came into my mouth from fear, grief) ; ;

shahr kl ndf, the heart of the city (lit. navel) vide Centre, Courage, :

bar zabdn ydd karnd^ to learn by heart = az bar karnd : dil dahalnd *

(to beat, of the heart, from fear) dil se, heartily. :

Heat, garmi ; and hardrat (spec, of body) gen, tapish (of sun only) jalan, :

m., burning: khUn kl hardrat, blood-heat: garm karnd, to heat;


vide Warm.
Heaven, Bihisht and Jannat, Paradise, i.e. either Heaven or the Garden of
Eden) dsmdn, sky. :

" "
1
Az, P. from," and bar, P. " breast," and also prep. " on :
bar-a-bar, bara-
har = level, etc.
HE A 78 HIS

Heavy, bhari :
bojhal (cumbrous, of people or animals).
Heel, eft, f.

Height, bulandi ; uncha^t.


Heir, xvdria, m. :
wdrisa, f.

H 11' h \
/«^o^wa^> ^- ; dozakh, m. ; jahannamt and dozaJcM, hellish.

Helmet, khod, m.
Help, vide Assist kist kl mushkil asan karnd ; kisi kd dukh dur kamd :
:

kiye baghair nahln rah-saktd, he cant help doing it mde Stop. ;

Helpless, nikammdy useless Id-chdr, without alternative destitute dis-


; ; ;

abled without an excuse at a loss.


; ;

Hemorrhoids, khunl bawdsir.


Hemp, bhang or bhdng, or coll. sabzi (the old leaf, etc.) ; gdnja (the young
tops and flowers) ;
charas (the resin).
'

Hen, murc^i,
*
vide Cock and Chicken.
Hen-pecked, jo.ru kd ghuldm : vide Uxorious.

Herald, naqib.
Herb, jafi butl^ (medicinal).
Herd, galla or rewaf, m., of cattle, or sheep and goats.
Herdsman, charwdhd, gen. (lit. grazier) : vide Shepherd.

Hereditary, maurust.
Hero surmd : Rustam.
,

Hesitate, dhuk chuk karnd ; and dgd ptchhd karnd : vide Delay, Doubt,
Vacillate.

Hesitation, dhuk chukdhat, f. : dubdhd (also doubt) : vide Reflection.

Hiccough, hickld {lend) (also


= sobbing).
Hide, c hhUfdnd : poshtda karnd :
parda rakhnd, conceal, q.v. :
charsd, m.
Hideous, dard.cnd ; muhib (lit. terrifying).

High, unchd ; dsmdn khonchd, lofty, (lit. sky-prodder) : dsmdn se bdten


kartd : buland, tall (and also very high).

High-mettled, jdn-ddr, (of horse or man).


Hill, paJmr, m. (or mountain) pahdn^ f., small hill. ;

Hinder, rukdivat ddlnd : hhalal ddlnd (interrupt or hinder).


Hinge, qabza, m. vide Pivot. :

Hint, ishdra se kahnd : [ishdra karnd, to signal, to point, with finger or


eye ishdra dend^ to signal with flag, etc.].
;

Hip, kula or kulhd.


Hippopotamus*, daryd.i ghord (lit. water-horse, also = walrus); jal-hdihi
(ditto).

Hire, kirdya, m. (also rent) {—par lend or dend) :


ujrat.i., oi labour era,
vide Wage.
Hireling, bhdre kd taitu, lit. and met.
History, tawdrihh, f,, sing.; gen. (prop. Ar. pi. of tdrtkh, date): tdrikh kl
kitdb, history-book.
HIT 79 HOS

Hit, lagndj intr. (of pellet, etc.) : vide Strike.

Hive, muhdl, m.
Hoarse, dwdz bhdri ho-jdnd, or galla haith-jdnd.
Hock, kunch, f.

Hold, vide Seize, Keep, Maintain, Contain girifty : f.


(grasp). 2200
Hole, chhed, m. ; surdhh, m. ghar (in strap). :

* '
Holiday, taHil, f . : vide Festival.

Holloe, aji o jane-wdld ! or miyan ! (or some such phrase — ; to one at a


distance) hain or ain or oho (for astonishment).
;

Hollow, khokhld, adj. ; pold, adj. (also of cotton-soil, dangerous to ride


over) :

dhasi hu,l ankhen, hollow or sunken eyes {dhasnd, to sink in
mud, etc.).

Holy, 'pdk : muqaddas.


Homage, ita'at qabul karnd (to offer or accept obedience to).

Home, vide House.


Honest, diydnat-ddr (of servants) ; Imdn-ddr or rdst-bdz (of shopkeepers).
Honey, shahd^ m. madh, m. shahd ;
: ki makkhi or madh-makkht honey- ,

bee :
chhattd, m. (the comb).

Honour, ta'zim, i. {k.)_gen. (of parents, God or equals) :


sar-fardz k. (of
king to subject) abru, : f. ; 'izzat, f.

Honorary, anareri, Eng.


Hood, topi (of cloak).

Hoof, sum, m. (uncloven) : khur, m. (cloven).


Hook, huk, gen. m., Eng.: kundd, m.., gen. kdntd, (fishing-hook): nar :

o mdda huk, hooks and e yes: tote ki si ndk-wdld (hook-nosed).


* '
Hoop, chakkar : vide Circle.

Hop, to, ek pd,on par chalnd (of men): phudaknd (of birds and met. of
small children).

Hope, ummed, f. dsrd, m. in shd^ Allah


: I hope : = ; by Muslims) ; Bhag-
wdn ki icJichhd (Hindus). Vide' Expect. '

Horizon, matla^, Ar. (lit. place of rising).


Horn, singh, m. 'vide' Antler: nar-singhd (musical):
:
singh-ddr, adj.,
"horned."
'

Hornet, bhirnd, m.
*
: vide Wasp.
Horoscope, janam-patr m. ,

Horrible, vide Frightful.


Horror, dahshat aur nafrat.
Horse, ghord, m.: ghori, f. (also a saddle stand): kotal kd ghord, a led
horse.

Horse-breaker, chdbuk-sawdr gen. (also rough-rider). ,

Horsemanship, shdh-sawdri ; — kdkartab (feats of


— ).

Horse-race, ghur-daur.
Hospitable, mihmdn-nawdz.
Hospital, shifd-hhdnd {shifd, f. = cure) :
haspitdl, m., Eng.
HOS 80 HYS

Host, mezbdn : tiddi-dal lashkar (great army).


Hostile,
— ke mukhdlif.
Hot, tatta, adj. :
garm gen.
Hotchpotch, khichji, met. (Ut. a dish of rice and dal).
Hough, mde Hock.
Hound, hu-dar kuttd.

Hour, ghanid (also a bell, a gong): ghan ghan, hourly fig. , hnt ghante
ghante, lit. (as of medicine to be taken).

Houri, hur, f., Eng. (in Ar. a pi.).


House, ^^ar, m. makdn : khdna (in compounds, or of fowl or pigeon-houses;
:

also a case or division).

House-breaker, naqah-zan or sehdh-mdr (by digging through vide Break). ;

House-maid, farrdsh (a -man who dusts, looks after bedding, etc., etc.).

Hover, mandldnd, intr., lit. and fig.


Howl, hu,d hu,d karnd (of jackals).

Hubbub, hap- gap, f.

Hug, dabochnd, gen.


Hum, vide Buzz.

Humble, munkasir (opp. to maghrur) : wuh sab se jhukke miltd hai (in a
good sense) .

Humbug, to, dam jhdnsd dend.


'

Humiliation, zillat, f .
;
vide' Disgrace.

Humour, to, ki ndz-barddri karnd.

Hunchbacked, kubrd.
' '

Hunger, bhukh, f. [lagnd) : vide Appetite.


Hungry, bhukhd.
'

Hunt, shikdr karnd


*
: vide Search.
Hurdle, tattt, i.

2250 Hurry, vide Hasten: mujhe is waqt harbari hai (I *m in a hurry) : vide Pre-
cipitation.
Hurt, chot, f., gen. vide Wound; badan kd nuqsdn.
:

Hurtful, muzirr (of eatables, advice, companions, etc.).

Husband, shauhar ; miydh ; khasam, vulg.


Hush-money, munh-bhard,i.
Husk, vide Peel.
Hut, jhonprd, m. :
jhonprl, f.

Hybrid, vide Half-casi>e.


Hyena, lakar bagghd: charkh (also = the Saker Falcon).
Hypocrisy, riya /. (gen. religious).
Hypocrite, mundfiq, m., gen.
Hysterical, mirdqi, gen. [hysteria in a woman : is by the vulgar called dseb

or sdya, i.e., it is a disease to be cured by an ^dmil and not by a


hakirn].
ICE 81 IMP

Ice, harf, f.
(properly snow).
Ichneumon, nevoid, m. ; ne,oU, f.

Idea, khaydl, m., vulg. khiydl: khaydl-i khdm (ridiculous


— ): 'vide*
Thought, BeUeve, Opinion.
Idiom, muhdwara, m. :
{dj kal ke muhdware men nahm hai = obsolete).
Idiot, baudhd, Ht :
miydn buddhu hai fig. (sarcastic).

Idle, sust (also = lazy, slow, dull in health), nikhattu, idle parasite, vide
Worthless : kdm-chor, a skrimsh anker, q.v.
Idol, but, m.; murat, f.

;
Id 1 t^ I
6w^-2:)aras^ but-parastl (idolatry).

Idolize,
—par fldd hond,
'
vide
'
Affection.

Ignite, sulagnd, intr. [sulgdnd tr.).

Ignorance, ndddni (opp. to ddnd,i) :


jahdlat,f. (opposed to enlightenment) :

Id-Hlrm (opposed to jdnte men ; but be-Hlmi lack of science).


Ignorant, nd-ddn ; jdhil ; Id-Hlm.

Illegal, khildj-i qdnun : khildf-i shara' (contrary to Muslim religious law) :

nd-jd,iz, gen., improper, etc. q.v.

Illegitimate, hardm kd, adj., and hardm-zdda, subs, (of birth) = hardmi, adj. :

haraml pilla (contemp.).


Ill-mannered, bad-tamiz.
Ill-natured, bad-mizdj (bad-tempered, and also of a bad disposition) : bad-
khulq (disobliging).
Ill-timed, be-mauqa' ; be-mahall (inopportune).
Illuminations, chirdghdn karnd.
Illusion, dhokd.

Imagine, hhayal bdndhnd (not much used in trans, except in the sense of,
to picture to oneself) (but khaydl karnd, to think, suppose) khaydl
: :

bdndho ki turn is waqt Landan ho, now imagine, or picture to yourself,


that you are in London).
Imitate,

ki naql karnd (in mockery) pairavt karnd (to follow : an example) :

vide Forge, Counterfeit and Mimic.

Immediately, faur-an ; ahhi ;jhat pat ; vide Directly.


Immortalize, to, kisi kd ndm zinda rakhnd.
Immovable, atal, gen. (of people or things, abstract or concrete).
Impartial, be-taraf-ddr.
Impassable, jdne ke qdbil nahm ; band.
Impatient, be-sabr, adj :
be-sabrl, subs.
Impediment, rukdwat f. : sadd-i rdh.

Imperfect, nd-tamdm (also unfinished) :


ndqis (but vulgarly useless, spoilt) :

nd-lMmil.
Imperfection, nuqs, m.
Imperious, haikri-bdz : haikri, imperiousness : hukum^t jatdnd (to be im-
perious) sdhibiyat dikhdnd (ditto).
:

11
IMP 82 INC

Imperiously, hakimana.
Impersonate, kisi kd rup bhamd.
Impertinent, shokh (also cheeky) gustdkh (uncivil, rude). ;

Implicated, vide Partner and Entangled,


Implore, minnat kartd hun ki

or minnat karke kahtd hun ki — ; main 'djizi
ke sdth darkhivdst kaitd hun ki = main hdth jofke kahtd — hun ki—.
Important, zarun : bhdrt, serious, q.v.
Importunate, cham-chichchaf adj. (lit. to stick to the skin like a tick).
,

Impose, sir [par] thopnd, met. {thopnd is to clap on or cast on as dough


;

into a pan, mortar on a wall, or cowdung-cakes dpld—on to a wall). —


Impossible, nd-mumkin : muhdl.
Impotent, nd-mard, adj. (not virile :
nd-mardl, subs.
Impression, chhdp, m. (of seal) :
asr, m. (on mind).
Imprisonment, qaid, f.
Improper, be-jd ; nd-mundsib.
Improve, sudharnd, intr., and stidMrnd, tr. :
taraqqi, f., advancement.
2300 Imprudent, dge kl soch nahm.
Impudent, vide Impertinent.
Impute, vide Ascribe.
Inadvertently, ghfiflat se (also = carelessly).

Inattentive, kam-tavajjuh : chanchal (restless and inattentive by nature).

Inauspicious, nd-mubdrak ; manhus (unlucky, ill-omened).


Inborn, zdti ; khilql.

Incapacity, be-liydqatl.
Incarnation, dutdr, m. (spec. Hindu) luuh zidm kd putld hai :
(he is the
incarnation of tyranny lit doll of ). ;

Incessant, ktgdtdr, continuous.
Incident, wdqi'a.
Incite, mde Goad : tahrik k, gen. (for good or bad things) :
ighwd k. (to

seduce) : ishti'dl k.

Inclined, to,
—kl taraf mdyil.
Included, shdmil {k,).

Incoherent, be-jor or be-mel {bdten).


Income, dmadani.
Incompetence, vide Incapacity.
Incomplete, vide Imperfect.
Incomprehensible, samajh se bdhar.
Incongruous, be-jor ; am-mil be-jor.
Inconspicuous, be-namud.
Inconstant, mutaldwvnn mizdj ; [lit. many-coloured in disposition].
Incontestibly, Id-kaldm.
Inconvenient, subhete kd nahm.
Increase, barhnd, intr., and barhdn^, tr.
INC 83 INH

Incredible, 'aql se bdhar.


Incubate, ande send, tr.

Inculcate, dil-nishln karnd.

Incurable, Id'ildj (of disease or person).


' '

Indebted, maqruz : dain-ddr : vide Obliged.


Indecent, fuhsh, adj., gen. (also subs., m. = abuse).
Indefatigable, a-thak, gen. (of persons or endeavours).
Indefinite, gkair muqarrar (not settled).
Indelible, a-mit (gen in
metaphorical sense) :
patthar ki lakir ^
met.
Independent, khud-mukhtdr : khvd-sar.
Index, vide List.
Indicate, daldlat k.
Indifference, (
—taraf se) be-parwdyi.
Indignity, vide Disgrace, Slight, Humiliation.
Indigent, muhtdj.
Indigestible, saqil (also uncouth in sound or difficult to pronounce as double
letters, etc in Ar. lit. heavy)
; pachtd naJim. :

Indigo, nil, f. : dark or indigo blue].


[wild, adj.,

Indisposition, bad-mazagl, ailment (also slight ill-feeling between friends).
Indistinct, dhundhld, dim sdf nahin. :

Indolent, dlkasi (in work or duty) : drdm-talab or sukh-wdr (loving ease ; by


nature).
Induce, targjvlb dend.
Inducement, tar gh ib kl chiz.

Indulge, shardb kd 'ddi hai, he indulges in wine.


Indulgence, ri'dyat kl bdt (i.e. haqq nahm hai).

Industrious, mihnati ; mihnat-kash.


Inevitable, hone-wdld : vide Unavoidable.
khdm " raw
Inexperienced, kachchd and (lit. ") :
nd-tajriba-kdr.
Inexpert, andri.
Inexpressible, baydn se bdhar.
[bachcha.
Infant, shir-hhwdra bachcha, or dudh pitd bachcha (suckling) :
god kd
Infanticide, bachcha-kushi.
Infer, natija nikdlnd.
2350
Infidel, kdfir (by Muslims) : malechh (by Hindus ; also = unclean :
origin-
ally
'
one that did not know Sanskrit ').

Infidelity, kufr ; be-dim (not having any religion) : vide Adultery.

Inflammation, sozish, f. :
jalan, m.
Information, ittild\ f. {dend or karnd) : Jchabar, i {dend or karnd).

Ingenious, kikmatt (of persons).


Ingratitude, nd-shukri.
Inhabit, rahnd
(of house) jd-basnd (to go and settle:
in).

Inhabitant, rahne-wdld ; bdshinda.


INH 84 INT

Inheritance, mtras, m.
Inhuman, yih ddmt nahin^ or is men ddmtyat nahtn hai.

Initiate, halqe men Idnd (lit. to bring into the circle).


Inject, pichkdri se dawd hhamd.
Injunction, ta^kid f. {k): vide Expressly.
* '
Injure, zarar or nuqsdn pahunchdnd vide :
Damage.
* '

Injustice, be-insdfl : vide Tyranny.


Ink, raushnd,% raushni, light]
[lit. ; siydhl (also blacking and blackness) :

dawdty f., ink-stand.

Inn, sard, f . or ,sard,l, f. (a private or Government '


serae ') :
musdfir-
khdna (kept up by charity) dak bangla, m. (a Government staging :

bungalow) hhatydrd, m., inn- keeper and hhatydrin or hhatydri, i.


:

(looked down on, as they usually hire out their daughters with their
rooms, and are brawlers kyd turn ne is makdn ko hhatydr-khdna :

hand-diyd hai is said to a loud quarrelsome person).


'

Innocent, be-gundh ; vide Faultless and Sinless and Harmless.


*

Innuendo, kindya.
* '

Innumerable, he-ginti ; be-shumdr ; vide Countless.


Inoculate, tika dend : vide Vaccinate.
Inoffensive, vide Harmless.
Inopportune, vide Ill-timed.
Inquire, vide Ask and Enquire.
Insane, vide Mad.
Insect, kird, m. klre makore, pi.
:

Insensible, he-hiss (without feeling) : he-hosh (in a faint).

Insipid, phlkd : he-maza.


Insist, zor deke kahtid : hat or zidd kar-ke — (obstinately insist).
' '

Inspection, muldhaza, m. (karnd) : vide Superintendent.


Instalment, qist, f. (of money).
Instance, vide Example.
Instant, pal, m. ; an, f. ;
lamha ; mdh-i hdl, the current month.
Instead,
— ke hadle men —ke ha-jd,e — ke Hwaz men. ; ;

Instep, pusht-i-pd.

Instigate, vide Incite, and Goad.


Instinct, haiwdni 'aql.

Instinctively, hhw^ih ma-khwdh (also involuntarily).


Instruct, vide Teach.
Instrument, hathydr, m., vulg., (prop, arms) dla, m. : :
auzdr, m., tools, im-
(in Ar., pi. in Urdu, sing, or pi.).
plements ;

Insubordinate, v^'de Disobedient, Headstrong.

hatak ki = he insulted me
*

Insult, men vide' Disgrace. :

Insure, to, hlrm, m. (karnd).


Intense, shiddat kd : shadld.
*

Object and Desire.


'

Intention, irdda : qasd : vide


INT 85 INT

Intercede, sifarish karna (also to recommend) shafa'at karnd (gen. but by ; ,

the uneducated used in a relig. sense only) kah sunkar Sahib se mera ;

qusur mu'af kard-dijiye = intercede with the Sahib for me, get him to
forgive me.
Intercept, rah men pakarnd : raste men gher-lend (of one or more people )
:

vide Waylay.

Intercommunion, \rdh o rasm : suhbat (sexual intercourse also companion- ;

Intercourse, J ship).
Interest, sud, m., and biydj, m. (on money) 'vide' Advantage, Benefit: :

wasila (influence in high quarters) Tdiud-gharzi, self-interest or selfish-


:

ness; a'pne nafa' nuqsdn kd khiydl rakhnd chdhiye, I must look after
my own interests.

Interested, ahl-i gharaz men se hai = interested party.


Interesting, dil-chasp or dil-kash.
Interfere, dakhl dend, gen. btch men : d-kudnd (to intrude; vide Interpose) :

larnd (to clash, of duty, etc.).

Interloper, vide Interfere.

Interlude, vide Interval.


Intermingle, ") ek dusre se mil-jul-jdnd [but miln^i julnd, to resemble closely,
Intermix, ) etc.].

Internal, andaruni.
Interpose, ) men rakhnd : bich men parnd, or btch bichd,o karnd (in
bich
Intervene, )adjustment of quarrel) vide Mediate. :

Interpret, tarjumdn kd kdm karnd ; vide Translate


'
khwab ki ta'bir kar-
*
:

nd, kahnd, or lagdnd (of dream).


Interrogate, vide Examine.
Interrupt, khalal ddlnd or paidd kdrnd (interrupt or hinder) : vide Stop,
Hinder, Delay. j-^als)-
Interval, fdsila (distance) :
vaqfa (pause, interlude) : rah rah-kar (at inter-
Intervene, vide Interpose.
Interview, sharf-i muldzamat kd mauqa' dend :
muldqdt ki ijdzat derm.
Intestate, be-vasiyat. [Comrade, Friend).
Intimate, gdrhd ydr (lit. thick friend); langotiyd ydr ; ydr-ghdr ('vide'
Intolerable,
— —
jis ki bar-dasht nahin ho-saktl.
2400

Intoxicant, nashe kl chiz.


Intrench, khd.i or khandaq khodnd (of trench) : morcha-bandl karnd, gen.
Intrepid, nidar (in good or bad sense).
Intricate, pechida.
Intrigue, vide Plot: laggd-sdzi {k.) (love); laggd lagdnd (to have a love-
intrigue) at sat {k.) (also = combination against)
:
jdl phdns {k.) :

(not love).
Introduce, jdn pahchdn kardnd (make acquainted), jdri k. gen. (money, or
law, custom, etc. ; also to enforce, carry out) riwdj dend (a custom). :

Intrude, Jchwdh ma-khwdh bich men kud-parnd, vide' Interfere, Interloper.


'

Intrust, sonpna ; kisl ke hawdle k. ; supurd k.

Intuitively, mujh par yih bat khul-ga^i ki — ,


or mere dil ne gdwdhl di ki — .
INV 86 JEE

Invade, — par charha,t kama or chafhciyi karke and.


Invalid, kam se ma*zur : vide Sick.

Invent, ijdd kamd.


Investigation, tahqiqdt, f., sing.
Invincible, ajit (also = impregnable).
Invisible, nas^ar se gidHb ; [ghd^ih, alone = absent].
Invite, buldnd ; da'wdt kamd : ne,otd (m.) dend (by Hindus).
Invoke, nam lekar madad mdngnd (of one absent) : kisi kl duhd,t dend (of
one present or absent).
Involuntarily, be-ikhtiydr : khivdh ma-khwdh (also instinctively).
Irksome, diqqat kt bdt : vide Wearisome.
Iron, lohd ; dhani, adj., made of dhan or iron.

Irony, towz, m., subs. : hoU tholi.

Irrecoverable, gayd guzrd.


Irregular, he-tarttb (not in order) ; hhildf-i dastur (contrary to custom) : be-
zdbita (of troops, vide Levy) :
be-qd'ida (in grammar).
Irrelevant, be ta'alluq.
Irreligious, be-dln.

Irremediable, Id-Hldj.
Irresponsible , gJiair-jawdb-dih.
Irritable, tunak-mizdj : chirchird (peevish).

Irritate, vide Tease.

Island, jazira, m. ; tdpu, m.


Issue, to, jdrt kamd (an order).
Itch, khujll (the sensation, also the disease); khdrisht {ditto ;
in Pan jab
also prickly heat).

Item, mad, m. and f.

Itinerary, safar-ndma.

Ivory, hdtht kd ddnt.


J
Jackal, gidar, m. :
siydr, m.
Jacket, jdkat, f., Eng.
Jail, jel-khdna;qdid-hhdna; be-kirdye kd ghar or susrdl (jocose).
Jam, murabbd, m. (also dried preserve) jdm, m., Eng. :

Jar, mdt, m. matkd, m.; matki,


;
f. (different sizes of porous vessels):
m^rtabdn, m. (of glazed earthenware) buydm, m. (of china or stone) : :

achdn, f. (a pickle glass).

Jasmine, chanbeli.
f. (excursion).
Jaunt, matar-gasht, {k.)

Jaw, jabrd, m. kalla, jaw and cheek (properly head).


:

Jealous, vide Envious and Suspicious.


Jealousy, rashk (k.) m., gen. : vide Envy.
Jeer, dwdza kasnd (also to speak at a person) : vide Grimace and Mortify.
JES 87 KEE

Jessamine, vide Jasmine.


Jerk, jhatkd dena (also to jog).
Jester, maskhara (professional) : vide Joke.

Jew, Yahudl, m. ; Yahudin, f. :


['ibrdni, the Hebrew language].
Jewel, jawdhir, m.
'

jawdhirdt, m. Oraament.
'
; pi. : vide
Jib, ar-jdnd :
aryal, adj., jibber.
Jockey, jdki, Eng.
'

Jog, thokar (f.) dend (with less force than jhatkd, '
vide Jerk).
Join, jornd, tr. and jurnd,
mil-jdnd : 'vide' Collect, Adjoin, 2450 intr. :

Encounter: jain ho-jdnd, mil. (join the ranks, of a recruit) hath men :

hath mildnd or dend (to join han.ds).


Joint, jor, m., gen. :
gdnth, m. (of body; also a knot) :
band, m. (of body).
Jointly, milkar.
Joke, thatthd, m. [karnd ; but — mdrnd, to laugh loudly): dil-lagi (k.) ;
mazdq, m. {k) {
= pleasantry) : hanst se,in joke.

Jolly, kh'f^sh(from wine).


Jolt, hichkold {dend).
Journal, roz-ndmcha [but roz-ndma, a daily newspaper].
Journey, safar, m. [k.) : sair o safar {k.) (travelling for pleasure).

Joy, } khushl, gen.: hhurrami: shddmdni (gladness): khush o khurram


Joyful, ^ (joyful).

Judge, jaj, Eng. :


qdzi (Muslim judge).
Judge, to, faisala sundnd (to issue sentence or decree, q.v.) : vide Opinion.

Judgment-day, roz-insdf ; roz-i qiydmat.


; maddri
Juggler, batte-hdz : 'vide' Conjurer.
Jugular, rag-i jdn (
— vein).
Juice, ras, m. ; ^arq, m. (also — sweat and essence) : shlra (sweat, juice, or
syrup) :
pdni.
Juicy, rasild; ras-ddr.
Jumble up, to, gad mad karnd.
Jump, M(im, intr., gen., 8bnd kiiddnd, tr. (also to skip); uchhalnd, intr.,
to jump up onto (also = to bound and to rebound tr., uchhdind, to ;

toss up) phaldngnd (prop, of wide-jumping) phdndnd (prop, of high


:
;

jumping) :
kudd,l subs.
Jurisdiction, ikhtiydr.
' '

Just, munsif mizdj : vide True, Correct, Proper, Exact.


Justice, insdf, m. (connected with nisf, m. half) ddd-dihi or ddd-rasl :

giving justice and ddd-khwdhi, asking for justice.


;

Justly, vide Correct.

K
' '

Keen, shauqm : vide Eager, Desirous, Sharp.


Keep, rakhnd : qabze men rakhnd (to keep in possession).
KEE 88 KNO
"
Keep," ddshta or rakhnt, a kept- woman.
Keeper, rakh-wdl, gen. :
muhdfiT^ or nigah-hdn.
Keepsake, ydd-gdr (also = memorial and monument).
Kettle, ketn, Eng.
Kettle-drum, naqqdra, m. khurdak (very small). :

Key, kunjt : chdbi ; chor-kunjt (false-key).


Kick, Idt mdrnd, gen. (but spec, with one leg) du-lattl {mdrnd or chaldnd) = :

pushtak mdrnd or chaldnd (to let fly with both legs) pd,on se thokar :

dend, to kick a ball, etc.


Kid, bakrt kd bachcha (but halwdn kd gosht).
Kidnap, vide Elope with.
Kidney, gurda.

Kill, mdr-ddlnd, gen. qatl k. (to put to death of human beings) zibh
:
;
:

k.f to cut the throat, of man or animals, and hence to slaughter,


Muslim fashion: Aa/a/ ^., colloq., to slaughter for food, Muslim, {lit,
to make lawful) :
jdn lend.
Kiln, bhaitd (but bhatti, washerman's furnace, q.v.).
Kind, vide Race, Sort: mihrbdn, gen. :
mushfiq (tender; used of friends,
or a motlier) vide Generous, etc.
: :
mihrbdm, subs.
Kindred, bhd,l band: vide' Relative. '

King, pddshdh, gen., with the exception of Hindus: rdjd or mahd-rdjd (of
Hindus) sultan (of MusHms).
:

Kingdom, pddshdhat, f saltanat .


; (gen., though sultan is special): raj, m.
(prop, of Hindus only).
Kiss, chumnd ; bosa lend: chumd-chdti {k.), mutual kissing.
Kitchen, bdwarchi-Tchdna.
Klick, titkdrnd (to horses; also to express 'I don't care a d —n; in the
"
Panjab a cUck of the tongue means dissent, no").
Knapsack, jhold (large) ; jhoU (little).

Knave, vide Blackguard: gkuldm (at cards).

Knead, gundhnd (also = to plait).

Knee, ghutnd, m. zdnu. :

Kneel, ghuthnon ke bal baithnd.


Knife, chhurd (large, vide Dagger): chhurl, f.
(small): chdqU, m., pen-
knife = qalam-tardsh, m.

Knit, bunnd (also to weave).


2600 Knob, mutthd, m. lattu, m. (a knob shaped jike a ^op,' on the top of
;
*

' '

anything, as on iron bedsteads) ghundi, a button (lit. a silk :

or thread button) : vide Lump.


Knobby, girih-ddr.

Knock, khatkhatdnd (Indians knock with the open hand, not with the
knuckles) vide Hammer zdnjir hildnd (in old-fashioned houses there
: :

isa chain on the door which is rattled, etc.) gird-dend, knock down. :

Knot, gdnth, f. :
girih, f. :
[gathnd - to be compact and hence to be hard
of the body].
KNO 89 LAS
'

Know, jdnnd :
'
vide Aware,

Knowingly, jdn hujhkar : vide Purposely.

Knowledge, Him, m.

L
Label, chit, f.

Labour, mihnat, f. ; mashaqqat, f. :


dimdg3 mihnat, intellectual labour.
Labourer, mazdur (one who labours for others, on hire) kamerd ; (a labourer,
one that works hard) mdzdun, wages of a mazdur. :

Laborious, quli kd kdm.

Lack, to, fuldn chiz ki kami hai.


Ladder, sirhi (also steps or stairs, q.v.).
Ladle, do,i : jis ke hdth men do,i uskd sah kot — Prov. = all are friends to
the cook.

Lady, shanf 'aurat mem sdhiba (Mrs. —


— (woman
of gentle birth) :
) : ledl
sdhiba (Lady ).

Lake, tdldb, m. ; tdld,o, vulg. (also a tank or reservoir) :


tdl, m. (
= lake
only): jhil, f., a marsh or marshy lake.

Lamb, bher kd bachcha.


Lame, langrd : [luld, crippled in the hands or arms].
Lament, ydd karke ndla karndy or ke gham men ndla karnd : ndla o zdri —
k., to lament and weep wd waild karnd to lament or complain of. :
^

Lamp, cMrdgJi, m. (native pattern also = ; light) lamp, m. (English lamp)


: :

diyd, m. (native pattern) batti vulg. : for any hght (prop. wick). =
Lance, neza, m. ; ballam, m. ;
barchhd (large spear) barchht (small spear ^. v.). ;

Lancet, nashtar, m. [dend or lagdnd or chubhond).


'

Land, zamln, f. vide Earth khushkl, land as opposed to


:
'
:
tari, water:
kindre par utarnd, intr. (from a ship).

Landlord, zamm-ddr (a landholder or owner of land) : mdlik-i makdn, of


house vide Inn.:

Landslip, palidr gir-gayd.


Lane, gali or kucha, any narrow street or lane :
galiydrd, alley.
Language, zabdn, f. ; boU; bhdkhd, f . :
Hbdrat, f. (in writing; style) : roz-
marra (colloquial).
Lantern, Idltain, f chor Idltain (dark lantern) jddu ki Idltain, f. (magic

. : :

)fdnus f. (a Chinese lantern also the old-fashioned cloth shade


:
;

placed over the chirdgh).


Lap, god, f., or godi
ddman, m., skirt of garment : :
godi-bhar, lapful.
Larder, modi-khdna, larder and store-room.
Last, '\dkhiri or akhtr, adj. pichhld : pdr sal, last year tiknd (endure. : :

Lastly, J remain also to tarry, vide Dwell and Halt) dhhir men, lastly.
; :

Lasting, pdy-ddr.
LAT 90 LEA

Late, der men or der karke : ab der ho-ga,t jane kd waqt na-rahd, it's too
late to go there now turn nd-tvaqt d,e, you came late (with a verb
:

in the past) dj gdfi let hat, the train is late mutawaffq,


:
*
', gen.,
'
: m
deceased: marhum,^ ra. (lit. pitied; i.e., gone to Heaven; prop, of
Muslims only, by Muslims, but sometimes also applied to Christians
but not to Hindus).
Lathe, khardd :
[kharddnd, tr., to turnj.

Latrine, pd,e-khdna [jdnd) bam-pulls, Eng. (a public latrine a corrup. : ;

either of 'bum place' or else of the term applied in derision to the


latrine-police, Provost-Marshall's assistants, etc., at a camp) : tattl

(jdnd) (lit. screen hurdle, etc.). ;

Lattice, jhinjhn (lattice work of metal) :


jhinjhn-ddr , latticed :
jdli gen.
ja'farl (of bamboo, etc.).

Laugh, hansnd, gen. khilkhildnd, (giggle q.v.) thatthd mdrnd = qdh qdh
: :

mdmd, to laugh out loud [in reports, of trials, etc., qdh qdh qdh = :

" hansi men urand, to pass off with a laugh.


Laughter "] :

Law, qdnun : dharm-shdstar {^indixx religious law) shara' m., or shan'at, :


,

f. (Muslim
religious law).
Lawful, shar't (enjoined in Muslim law) ; haldl, gen. (relig. or morally
' *
lawful) vide :
Legal.
Lawsuit, muqaddam/ij m.
Lawyer, bd7'istar or kaunsill, barrister :
sdlisitar, solicitor : vakil, pleader.

Lay, vide Place, Spread, etc.


Layer, tah, f. (lit. fold).

Lazy, sust ; kdhil.

Lead, stsd, m.
Lead, to, le-chalnd ; dge dge chalnd, to keep just ahead, lead the way fauj :

kd sarddr hond or fauj ki sarddrt karnd, lead an army sar ba-rdhl :

karnd gen. vide Guide. :

Leaf, pattd (large) pattl (small) waraq, m. (of book) palla, m. or pat, or
; : :

kiwdr m. (of door) [pdt also means the breadth of a river the stone ;

of a handmill].

Leak, tapaknd (also to drip) : risnd (exude from porous things): videOoze,
Exude.
Lean, dubld ; Idghar, adj.
Lean, to, jhuknd (out of the perpendicular) par tek-jdnd, intr., to lean :

on ;luuh Idthi tek-kar chaltd hai = he walks with the aid of a stick :

tekdend or tikdnd, tr. (to lean or rest a thing against).


Leap, vide Jump.
Learn, sikhnd, to learn how to do :
parhnd (by studying book).
'
Learned, 'dlim: fdzil (more than 'dlim)
*
: vide Expert.
Lease, theka (lit. contract).
Leather, chamrd, m. ; gen. (also = skin) : khdl f. (fresh hide).
Leave, rukhsat f. (also = dismissal) and chhutti (also = dismissal, leisure,,
and vacation) vide Permit. :

1
Feminine mutawaffaya, and marhuma.
LEA 91 LIE

Leaven, khamir, m. 2560


Led-horse, vide Horse.
Leech, jonk, f.
Leek, gandna, m.
Left, hayan : bain-hatthd, adj., left-handed.

Leg, tang, f. ; pair, m. (also = the thigh, q.v.) :


pdya (of furniture).

Legal, qanuu-an jd,iz.


Legend, qissa, story.
Legitimate, haldl kd (of children ;
also of kamd,i) : vide Lawful.
' '

Leisure, fursat, f. ; chhutti, f . : vide Respite.


Lemon, limu ; mbu ; lemun, m., etc., etc. kdgha^ nimbu (a good kind,

:

'

small, green, round and with a thin skin like paper').

Lend, qarz (m.) [par) dend (of money) :


'driyat dend or mdnge-dend, to
lend things.
Lender, sud-khwdr, usurer.
Length, lambd,i, f. :
till, m. (spec, of cloth or a room).
Leopard, tenduwd : chitd, hunting-leopard or cheetah.
Leper, '\korh, m. (black ) juzdm m. (ditto): haras, — : m. (white) :
korhi,
Leprosy, J leper; /2*2am^ (ditto, but politer term).
Less, kam :
yih us se thord hai.
Lessee, theke-ddr (or contractor) :
[thekd-dene-wdld lessor].
Lesson, sahaq, m.
Lest, aisd na-ho ki : kahin na — .

Lethargic, sust: hojhal (after eating ; prop, heavily laden).


Letter, hhatt, m. ; chitthi, f . :
harf, m. (of alphabet).

Lettuce, saldt or saldd, m., Eng.


Level, hamwdr (k.) : bardbdr (k.) : vide Flat.

Lever, tekan, m. ; uthangan : or uthgan.

Levity, subukl.
Levy, levi, f. (troops).

Liable,
— kd mustahiqq.
Liar, jhutd.
Libel, hatak-i 'izzat, f. {k.) leg.

Liberal, vide Generous: dzdd khiydl {oipposite to muta'assib or bigoted).


Liberty, dzddi.
Library, kutub-khdna m.
License laisans, m., Eng. (document): chhut khelnd (to h.a,ve too gvesbt
freedom; substantive not in use).
Lick, chdtnd.
Lid, dhaknd : palak, f., eyelid (also = an eye- twinkling) papotd^ m. :

Lie, jhut, m. (bolnd) (falsehood) letnd, intr., to lie down, and litdnd, : tr. ,

to make to lie down :


parnd, intr., to be in a fallen state, to be lying :

chhupd rahnd, to lie hidden.


LIE 92 LIT

Lieutenant, Laftant.

Life, jdn, f . ; zindagi or zlndagdnl : haydt tnaut ko kaun jdntd kai (saying)
" who knows "
ftught of life or death ?

Lifeless, be-jdn; 'vide' Dead: us men jdn nahin, he's a lifeless person,
without animation = this stuff won't last long).
(also

Lift, {upar ko) uthdnd.


Light, raushan, adj., and wya/a, adj. and subs. (well-Ht,etc.) raushnl, suha. ; :

nur, Ar., m. (in Urdu used only in a religious sense): halkd (not
heavy ; also met. slight, as a fault) subuk (not heavy, also fine or ;

neatly made, of things).


Light, to, raushan karnd or jaldnd (of lamps) sulgdnd (to kindle a fire
in Bombay of lamps also) men dg dend, to set fire to. :
— :
;

Lighten, hijU chamaktt hai.

Lightness, halkd-pan; suhuki.

Lightning, hijll.

Like, to, pasand karnd :


'
vide' Manner and Resemble.
Lily, vide Lotus.

Limb, 'uzv, m. (vulg. aju) ; pi. a'zd.

Lime, chund, m. (quick-Hme) Lemon:


'
: vide' Idsd, m., bird-lime.

Line, laktr, (drawn) khatt, m. (also handwriting, and in Urdu also a


f. :

letter) :
satar, f. (in a book) vide Rope. saff (f.) or lain (f.) hdndhnd,: :

Eng., intr. (to form line, draw up in Une side by side) qatar, f. :

(line, string, one behind the other: as camels).

Lineage, nasi (of men or animals) : nasah (humans only) ;


vide Family.

Lining, astar, m.
(as opposed to ahra, m ,
the outside).
8600 Link, kari (also any round ring).
Linseed, alsi or tisi ; [not til which is sesamum].
Lion, hahr or habr-sher, [in Persia habr is a tiger] : sherm (lioness).

Lip, honth, m. :
lab, m. (also brim, edge).
Lisp, tutldna (of Jews or small children).
List, fihristj f.

Listen, sunnd ; kdn dend ; kdn lagd-kar sunnd, to listen attentively.

Literal, lafzi (of translation as opposed to a bd muhdwara translation) :

ke lugAvi ma'nq kyd hain, what is the literal meaning of this


'
is lafz
word ?

' '

Litigious, muqaddama-bdz : vide Quarrelsome.


Litter, jhol, m. (of pups, etc.) ltd, f. (lit. horse-dung, q.v.) bichdll (straw,
: :

etc., bedding for horses) kurd karkat, m, (rubbish) vide Bedding.


;
:

Little, chhotd (of size) nannhd, tiny thora-sd (of quantity)


: zara sd (prop. : :

of quantity but sometimes for chhotd sd) thord thord kar-ke, little
;
:

by httle.
' '
i
Lughvi is from lughat * '

dictionary ; diction ; word.


LIV 93 LOR

Live, jmd, to be alive ji-uthna, to come to life murda men jdn ddlnd,
: :

to bring to b'fe 'umr kdtnd (to pass one's life) zindaqi ha-sar karnd,
: :

to pass one's life or pass one's time quzrdn karnd, pass one's time :

tem^OYduYily di^ amirdna guzrdn kartd hai or amlrdna zindagi ha-sar


,

kartd hai =
" he lives like a '
kisi kl rotiydh par parnd (to
'

prince ;

live upon, sponge upon) : vide Dwell, Stay.

Liver, kalejd (of humans and met. = heart, q.v.) ;


:
kaleji (of animals) :

jiqar, m., gen. (spec, in connection with disease).

Livery, hand, m. ;
'
vide
'
Uniform. :
argard (
—stable ;
also riding-school
and cab-stand).
Living, vide Alive :
ma'dsh, i., means of livelihood (also in mod. coll. =
zarmn-ddrl) ; rozl, daily bread :
roz-gdr, employment.
Load, boih, m. (Iddnd) :
bar, m. (karnd) : vide Weight.

Loaf, pd,o roti (of English bread) ek roti, gen. ;


:
pard-phirnd, to loaf
about in different people's houses, sponging on them : vide Wander.
Loafer, nikhattu, a sponger or one that wonH work (not of servants) but
with no idea of wandering.

Loan, vide Lend.


Loathsome, ghind,ond also disgusting, q.v.
Lock, tdld, m. or qufl, m. (also padlock).
Lockjaw, kalld or jahrd baith-jdnd, to have lockjaw ddnt par dant baith-jdnd :

(ditto) [kalld uthtd nahm, my jaws won't open].


:

Locust, tiddl, f. malakh, m. mor malakh ddmi = tiddl dal fauj, a host, q.v.
; ;

Log, kundd (short and roundish ;


also = butt, q.v.).

^^^-^^V •'
'^(J'^tiq ke ru se, logically speaking.
Loeicallv [

Loins, vide Waist.


Loneliness, tanhd,i (of humans) :
sund-pan (of places).

Long, lambd (of things) bahut muddat (a long time weeks or more)
:
; ;

bahut der (less than a day) tarasnd, to long for vide Wish, etc.
: :

Long-lived, bari 'umr kd.


Long-winded, dur-dam.
Look, — kl taraf nigdh or nazar karnd : nazar daurdnM (look all round) :

' '
vide Inspection kisi ki taraf (or ko) dekhnd (to look and to see)
— par
: :

nazar ddlnd, to look through (a letter, etc.) vide Watch, :

Observe, Seem : lo ! or dekho ! inter j .

Loop, halqa.
Loose, dhild (also slack, lit. and met.) : khuld (open, untied).
Lopsided, vide Weight.
bdtunl (talkative
.
gen. in a good sense) bakkt or fuzul-qo
; :

Loauacio ]
(loquacious and tiresome) qappi (gossiping) labbdk (a : :

Loa a *t^' 1
"bak-stick," i.e. talks a great deal and exaggerates his
deeds) substantives are bdluni-pan, m.
:
hakwds, f. or ;
I
bak, i. a,nd fuzul-qo, t : labbdki.
Lordly, hdkimdna : vide Imperious.
LOS 94 LYN

Loscj khona, tr., and kho-jdnd, intr. gum k. and h. (the trans, signifies :

that one has lost a thing on purpose or through culpable neglect I ;

have lost my purse, meri thaiU kho-ga.i or gum ho-ga^t) nuqmn hond i

(of a limb): jatd-rahnd, intr. (of limbs, property, relations by death):


hdmd (suffer, defeat, q.v.).

Loss, nuqsdn, m. , gen. :


ghdid or totd (in trade, of money) :
zarar, m., harm.

Lot, )qismat; taqdtr : 'vide' Fate: Idt, m. (in an auction): chitthi or


Lots, I qur'a ddlnd (to cast lots).

Lotus, kanuxd, m., any large white water-lily: mlufar, m., the small white
water-lily: padam, gen., any water-lily.

Lottery, Idtari, f .

Loud, zor kd
— .

Louse, jun, f., gen. (also in some parts the head-louse only): cktlar, f.,
the body-louse.

Love, *ishq, m., great love or passion (as between lovers, or of Jacob for
Joseph) muhabbat, gen. (also affection) pydr, m. Hindi.
: :
,

Lover, 'dshiq (also


— par 'dshiq hond, in love with).
'

Low, nichd :
'
vide Mean.
'

Loyal, nam^k-haldl (of persons) : khhair-khwdh (well-wisher) :


'
vide
Faithful.

Lozenge, lauz, f. : lauz kishakl men, lozenge-sliaped.

Luck, vide Fate and Lot qismat, f : .


(fate ;
also luck in a lottery) bhdg :

(fate) :
dekhiye kyd nasib hogd (let me see what my luck will bring me).

Lucky, mubdrak (auspicious) :


qismat-wdld or naslb-wdld.
Lucrative, is tijdrat men hun barastd hai (Ht. rains '

pagodas
'

') : vide Haul.

Luggage, asbdb^ m., sing.; sdmdn, m.


Lukewarm, shtr-garm : ku-garm, Panj. (well-warm).
Lull, ) lori: Ion dekar suldnd, to lull to sleep by a thapak-kar
lullaby :

Lullaby, j suland, to lull by patting.

Lump, dheld (clod of earth) :


dald, gen. ; yak muahl rupiya dend, to pay
in a lump sum.

Lurk, ghdt men rahnd ; (but — baithnd, to sit in one place in ambush).
Lunch, tifin or tifan m.
'

Luscious, mithE rasddr :


*
vide Sweet and Juicy.
Lust, sh^hwat, f.

Lusty, vide Sturdy.


Luxuriance, vide Abundant.
Luxurious, sukhwdr ; drdm-talab ;
'

aish-pasand : substantives are sukhwdrl


| '

Luxury, ) dram-talabl ; aish-pasandi.


Lynx, siydh-gosh m. (lit. black-ear).

* '
1
Pagoda a gold coin of Southern India.
MAC 95 MAN

M
Mace, jawatrl, f. (the spice) :
'asa, m. (the stick).
Machine, mishm, Eng. kal, f., (also = machinery; kal ka, mechanical).
f. ;

Mad, pagal (crazy) diwana or majnun (mad, insane) diwanon kt tarak


: :

(madly).
Magazine, magzm, f., Eng. (for powder, = bdrut-khdnd, m.) .• risdla (also
pamphlet).
Magic, jddu, m.
Magician, jddu-gar, m., and jddu-garni, £. : vide Witch.

Magistrate, magistaret, Eng.


Magnanimous, ^dlt himmai, (also = of high ambition).

Magnet, magnatts, f.
Magniloquent, 'arabl far si chhdntne^wald.
Maiden, kunwdri (unmarried).
Mail, ddk, f. :
"mel,^^ m., f., Eng.
Maintain, nihdhnd, to keep up (as one's position) man bap ki kifdla :

karrm (to maintain one's parents kifdlat k., also used for wife) pdlnd ; :

or parwarish k. (of children or the poor) kisi kd kharch uthdnd. :

Maintenance, roti kaprd, or khdnd kaprd {dend) : nan o nafaqa : khur o posh.
Maize, makkd or maka,i.
'

Make, banana; vide' Forged, Execute, Compel.


Makeweight, pd-sang.
Malcontent, sarkdr kd bad-khwdh : vide Discontent.

Male, nar (of animals).


Malice, khubs, m. or khubdsat, f. ;
kina. (rancour, the bearing of malice) ;

shutur-kina-gi (ditto but more so).

Mallet, mugrd or mugri (for gongs).

Man, /
insdn (human being) : ddmi (ditto ;
also vulg. = servant ;
also
Mankind, vulg. = mard husband; more vulgarly still, wife)
i
mard :
(as
opposed to 'aurat) : jawdn, a young man ddam-zdd, mankind. ;

Manage, —
kd intizdm karnd, to administer vide Control. :

Manager, manejar (of Eng. firm) :


kdr-parddz (of zamm-ddri, etc.).

Mane, ydl, f, (of horses, etc., or lion).

Manger, horses are generally fed in a ndnd, m., i.e. a large shallow porous
earthen vessel.
Mango, dm, m.
Manifest '
'
^i^® Evident zdhir-an, adv.
M *f tl \
^^^^^' :

Manna, mann-salva (still found in certain deserts met. = ni'm^t). ;

Manner, taur, m. tarah, f. tariqa, m. dhang, m. waz^, f.


; ; ; ;

Manoeuvre, ddon (or ddnw) ghat (^.), gen. (mil., or of a single person, or of
an animal).
Mansion, haveli.
MAN 96 MAS
Manufacture, [is mulk men kya kyd chlzen banti kain].
Manure, khad, f. {ddlnd).
Manuscript, qalamt kiiah ; hath H Ukht M,f kitdb : navishta, MS. not in
the form of a book.

Many, bahut; bahuierd: dher 5e, pi., or dher sdre^ or bahut sdre, very many.
Map, naqsha, [khtnchnd or banana) : khdkd (khtnchnd) (any outlined
ra.
or rough plan; but khdkd ufdnd, to caricature, of a drawing or des-
cription).
Marble, sang-imar mar, m. :
sang-i marmar kd — adj.
March, kuch karnd.

Mare, ghori ; mMiydn : tatuwdnl, pony- mare : hdtht kd andd, a mare's


nest.

Margin, hdshiya
'
(of book or garment ; also a marginal note, and now a
foot-note) ;
vide Edge.

Marigold, gendd.
Marine, bahri, gen. (also the female of the Peregrine Falcon).
Mark, nishdn, m. 'aldmat (sign) vide Track nambar, m. (in an exam.).
;
: :

2700 Market, hdt, m. (lagnd) (spec, a weekly market) markit, m., a market- ;

place, English: mandt, a 'quarter' where any one special kind of


goods is sold painth. m. market-day in a village bdzdr bhd^o, market
: :

price; mVM, ditto.

Marksman, nisJmna-bdz : markaz-mer, Eng., mil.


-- . Cshddi (Jc.) (also in some parts sJmdi is used for any joyous
arnage, \
nikdh the
^^ ^'
celebration) bydh [k.) gen. : :
{k.) (according to
( Muslim nikdh, ceremony.
Marrow, gud, m. (also = brain, pith, crumb of bread, pulp of fruit) :
maghz
(also = brain or kernel of nuts).

Marsh, jhil, f.

pdnkd (bog; also black stinking mud): daldal {a. deadly


quick-sand).
Martingale, zer-band, m.
Martyr, shahid^
Martyrdom, shahddat, f. (also = testifying, giving evidence).
Masculine, muzakkar, in grammar : marddna (of women).
Mash, bhurtd {bandnd) (of potatoes, etc.): maheld {ior horses; spec, of
moth).
Mason, rdj (brick- layer) :
sang-tardsh (stone-cutter).
Massacre, khun-rezl (slaughter, bloodshed) :
qail-i 'dmm, a general massacre.
Mast, mustuly m.
Master, miydn; dqd: mdlik (owner and vulg.
'
master): ^;^c?e Chief Ruler,,

'

Teacher, Expert sdhib-i khdna : vide Control. :

Masterless, Id-wdris (without owner; of property or animals).

Haahiya charhana, to make a marginal note and also to embroider a story.


' '
1

Properly one who dies for the Faith; also anyone slain in a religious war, or
*
killed unjustly, or anyone dying from plague, etc., if he does not flee from it, or any
one dying a pitiful death as by fire or flood.
MAS 97 MEE
Masturbation, jalaq, m. {mama : muth {mama).
Match, diyd-sald,l^ :
fatila (for guns, etc. ; prop. wick).
Match, to, ke jor kd nahin
is this doesn't match: is ke jor kd hharido, —
match this for me at a shop sawdl o jawdh hond (of pictures, panels, :

windows, doors, etc.; i.e. matching in size and position, etc.): jor
lagdnd (in competitions).
Matchless, Id-sdni ; be-nazlr : he-misl.
Matchlock, tore-ddr banduq jazdHl (the long Afghan flint-lock). ;

Mate, jord :

kd jord lagnd, intr., to mate.
Mathematics, {'ilm-i) riydzi.

Matter, pip,i. (pus); mawddd, m., sing, (pus, etc.): mddda, m. (matter
as opposed to 'aql or ruh) : vide' .Affair: ko,i muzdyaqa nahin — jdne '

do (it is of no consequence, important, q.v.).


Matting, chatd,i, gen. horiyd, m. (also applied to the mat of faqtrs, 'dbids ^
:

etc.) [boriydbistar = bag and baggage] sital pdti (cool for sleeping on). :
;

Mattress, toshak, f.

Mature, bdligh (of youths)jawdn (of humans or animals) vide Ripe and
: :

Young.
Maturity, bulu^, m. jawdm. :

Mausoleum, maqbara, m. (also a cemetery) mazdr^ f. m. (prop, a place of :

pilgrimage).
Maxim, maqula.
Maximum, intihd,l darje kd (opp. to ibtidd,i darje kd).
Mean, nich, gen. (of people or things) : also chhotd kdm (a mean action) :

pdji (also rascally) vide Medium. :

'

Meaning, ma'na or ma'm, masc. pi. matlab , ;


:
'
vide Object.
Meanness, kamitia^pan ; pdjl-pan.
'
Means, waslla: zarl'a, m.
*
vide Income, Plan. :

Meanwhile, itne men ; is 'arse men.


Measure, ndpnd, tr. (of length) paimdnd (of length, but spec, of quantity): .•

vide Estimate: qadd aur sma ndpnd (of recruits): ndp, f., subs.:
paimdyish, f. (of land also = survey) napnd or paimdnd m. (a vessel
; :

to measure quantity).

Meat, gosht, m. :
'
vide
'
Food ddna pdni
:
= meat and drink.
'

Mechanical, kal kd :
'
vide Machine.
Medal, tamgha; tag[hma.
Meddle, vide Interfere.
'

Mediate, blch bichd.o k. ; bich men parnd ;


'
vide Intervene :
shafV media-
tor, religiously.

Medicine, dawd, f. ;
dawd ddru, f. ; dawd,%, vulg.
Mediocre, \ wdjibi (fair) ma'muli (ordinary) or aisd waisd (indifferent, not
:

Medium, )
up to average) ausat darje kd bich kd (average) manjhold
, ; :

(of size).

Meek, miskin or gharlb"^ (both = poor) : vide Gentle, Humble.


1
Diya or diwa m. is the Hindi for chiragh, and salUyi is a bodkin, a collyrium-
^ Gharlh in Arabic means
needle, a probe, etc. stranger, extraordinary.
13
MEE 98 MET

Meet, umh raste men mujh ko mild, I met liim on the road accidentally ;
but wuh mujh se mild, he met me by appointment: vide Encounter,
Assemble.
Meeting, vide Assembly muldqdt^ f. (of two parties).:

Melancholy, mdllkhuliydy m. (the disease).


Melody, dhang, m.
Melon, tarbuz (water-melon): kharbuza (musk- melon ) : sarda (the Kabul
melon).
Melt, pigalnd (by heat): ghulnd (be dissolved): pant hond (of ice; also
- pigalnd and
improperly ghulnd) : galnd, to become soft and go to
pieces (of meat, etc.; by putrefaction, digestion; or cooking).
2750 Member, vide Limb : mimbar (of a community or club, but not of a family).

Membrane, jhilli; parda.


Memorial, vide Monument.
Memory, hdfiza and chetd, m. (the faculty) ;
meri ydd men (within my
memory also men hosh men).
;

Mend, marammat karnd : bandnd (incorrect).


Menses, haiz {se hond), m. kapre ; kapron se hond (to have menses).
:

Mention,
^ —
— hd zikr k. : kd ndm lend (by name) zdbdn par land : qdbil-i :

zikr, worth mentioning.

Mercantile, tijdratt.
Merchant, tdjir, pi. tujjdr :
saudd-gar.
Merciful, bafd rahm-dil (of man) : bard-rahmrwdld or rahim (of God only) :

vide Compassionate.

Mercury, pdrd.
Mercy, rahm, m., gen. ; (of God or man) : Khudd ke fazl se, by the mercy
or grace of God.

Merit, vide AbiUty unch ntch, or achchhd burd


:
(the merits and demerits
of a case) hunar, m. (good quality).
:

Merry-making, ndch rang (k.) ; rang-raliydn, sing. {k.).

Mesh, khdna (of a net).


Message, paigidm or paydm, m.
Messenger, qdsid.
Metal, dhdt, f.

Metamorphose, sural badalnd, tr. and —


badal-jdnd, intr.
—H kdyd

:

palatnd, tr. and intr. ,


or ki kdyd palat hond or karnd (to change
completely; of persons, things, places, etc.).
' '

Method, tariqa ; vide Arrangement.


Metaphor, majdz, m. m^jdz-an (metaphorically).
:

Metempsychosis, dvdgavan, Hindi (lit. coming and going) :


[tandsukh, m.,
in high Urdu].

1 Zikr is also a kind of religious gymnastic exercise in which the word Allah, or
one Attribute, is repeated with various contortions and by different muscles of the
throat and stomach, etc., etc.
MID 99 MIS

Mid-day, do-pahr, f.

Middle, wasat, m. hlch, m. wasati and hlch ka^ adj.


;
:

Middling, darmiyana (also intermediate) vide Mediocre. :

Midnight, ddhi-rat.
Midwife, dd,i (also nurse) :
dd,i jand,i.

Might, vide Power,


Milch, dudhdr.
Mild, narm (of men), vide also Kind, Merciful, Temperate.

Mile, mil : ddh kos (roughly equals a mile).


Milk, duhnd, tr. (to milk) dudh, m., subs. lassi and chhdchh, : : m. (butter-
milk) shlr-garm, milk-warm, vide Lukewarm.
:

Milkman, gwdld (the caste)) : dudh-wdld (if not of the gwdld caste) :
gwdlin,
f., milk woman.
Mill, chakkl, gen., but spec, handmill :
pan-chakkl (water-mill).
Millet, kangni (small for avadavats, ; etc.) :
jawdr and hdjrd (large kinds
of millet).

Million, ) das Idkk : Idkh-patl (owner of a lakh) and karor-pati (owner


Millionaire, ) of a karor) = millionaire.

Mimic, naqqdl (also a professional story-teller) ki naql handnd (but naql :



karnd, to copy) naqqdli k., gen. (either of professionals or of chil-
:

dren etc.) munh chirdnd (to make faces at also to ape foolishly as
: ;

of a semi-Europeanized Indian; vide Mortify, Jeer, and Grimace.)

Mince, qima karnd.


'

Mind, ji ; dil : vide


'
Opinion, etc. ; merd lihdz nahin kartd (he doesn't
mind me) :
jdne-do, never mind ; [but kuchh parwd nahin = I don't
care ;
vide Matter].

Mine, khdn, f. or kdn, f. (of metal, etc.) :


suran^, f. {lagdnd) mil. ; {surang
is also a subterraneous passage).

Minaret, mandr, m. (vulg. mindr).


Mint, tak-sdl (the place) :
podina, m. (the herb).
Minute, minat, m. (of time) :
hdrik, minute (also = fine) : zara-sd (atom-
like) nannhd-sd (tiny).
:

Minutiae, juziydt, f., pi. (opp. to kulliydi).


Miracle, mu'jiza, m. (by a Prophet) :
kardmat, f.
(by a Saint) : but Khudd
ne apni qudrat dikhla,i.
Mirror, d^ina, m.
Miscarriage, vide Abortion.
Mischief, shardrdt (also wickedness) sharir, adj. fltna (strife, quarrel- : :
|
Mischievous, ) ling, sedition) fasdd (ditto) fitna-bdz and fasddi, adj.
;
:

Misdeliver, vide Misrelate.


Misdirect, ghalat rasta hatldnd.
Miser, bakhil ; kanjus : makkhi-chus, mean (one that would eat a fly if it
fall into his food) = guh se kauri nikdlne-wdld : shum^ Ar. or sum, H.
= bakhil.
Miserable, tabdh hdlat men [but tabdh ruined] vide Unfortunate hhwdr" :
;

khasta [but khivdr alone also means disgraced and also mean].
;

Misery, khivdrt ; khardbi.


MIS 100 MON
'

Calamity, Ruin.
*
Misfortune, (kiai par) musibat parnd : vide
2800 Misgovern, bad-'amali k.

Misjudge, usici nisbat mera khiyal ghalat nikld :


ghalat faisala kamd, in
law, etc.

Mismanage, vide Spoil.


Misplace, be-jagah rakhnd (to put in the wrong place).
Mispronounce, gAalat talaffuz kamd.
Misrelate, mera paighdm kuchh kd kuchh pahunchd-diyd (he misdelivered
my message) gihalat salat baydn k. or kuchh kd kuchh baydn kamd (of
:
,

a story).

Mislay, rakh-ke bhuUjdnd.


Miss, wdr khdU jdnd (of a blow) nishdna khdli jdnd (of gun, bow, etc., to :

miss the mark) khaid k. (ditto, of the firer) na-milnd (of a person
: :

'
or thing, or a train) ''let '^-hond (to be late for main let ho-gayd,
:
;
*

gati jd'chukt ihi, I missed the train gdrl mujhe milte milte rah-ga,i). ;

Missionary, mishnan, Eng.


Misstate, ghalat baydn kamd, ,

Mist, vide Fog.


Mistake, ghplatl ; bhul, f., vulg. kuchh kd kuchh samajhnd, to be mis- :

taken dhokhe men parnd.


:

Mistress, ustdnl (of school fem. of ustdd) bl-bi (of the house) ma'shuqa
; : :

(loved one).
Misunderstanding, ghalaUfahml (error in understanding).
Mix, mildnd, tr. ,
and mil-jdrid, intr. :
miUjul-jdnd, to commingle thoroughly.
Moan, kuknd, intr. (in grief only) : vide Groan.

Mock, munh chirdnd (to imitate in derision, of words or deeds also to :

imitate badly also to make faces) thatthd k. (to ridicule, deride also
; ; ;

to joke) vide Mortify, Mimic, Jeer, Grimace.


:

Model, vide Pattern.


Moderate, vide Temperate, Mediocre, Middling.
Modern, thore dinon kd : vide New pichhle zamdne kd [but
'
*
:
axfle zamdne
kd, ancient, of former times].
Modest, hayd-ddr (of women).
Moist, nam, adj, and naml, subs.
Moisture, rutubat, f (of climate, ground ;
also one of the four tempera-
ments of the body).
Mole, hhdl m. ; til m.
Monastery, math, m. (Hindu).
Monday, Pxr, m. Somwdr, m. Hindi.;

Money, rupiya zar (lit. gold): paisd ; 'vide' Wealth: manl-beg, Eng.
;

(money-bag; gen. a leather bag).


Monk, dand^ (Hindu) langot-band faqir (a celibate faqlr).
:

Monkey, bandar, m. bandariya, ; f.

Monotheist, muvahhid.
MON 101 MOU

Monotony, yak-rangi, (also means not changing in friendship).

Month, mahina : mdh-wdr, adv., monthly.


Monument, ydd-gdr.

Moon, chdnd, m., gen., but spec, new moon: chandhwm rat kd chdnd
(full moon) chandnl (moonlight, also tetanus in horses).
:

Morals, akhldq, m., pi. (also manners; but ilMdq civility).

More, ziydda, adv. :


aur, adj.

Morning, subk, f. : vide Dawn, Early.


Morsel, niwdld (of food) ; luqma.
Mortal, fdrii, (opp. to hdqi) : vide Fatal, Deadly.

Mortar, hdwan dasta (mortar and pestle) : masdld, m. (for bricks) ; gdrd, m.
(of mud).
'

Mortgage, to, rahn k. :


'
vide Pawn.
Mortification, nafs-kushl (k). (by relig. discipline) :
riydzat k. (austerities).

Mortify, khisyd-jdnd, intr. and khisydnd, intr. :


khijdnd or khisiyd-dend tr.

(also to make jeering faces at) : vide Grimace.

Mosque, masjid, f.

Mosquito, machchhar, m.
Most, ziydda se ziydda, or bahut hahut, at the most : vide Generally.

Moth, parwdna or patanga (that gets into the candle): kapre kd kird, (in
cloth).

Mother, mdn,i.: maiyd, vulg., in address: ammd (in address): wdlida


(polite) : sds (mother-in-law).

Motion, harakat, f.,gen. (also movement) :


jumhish, f.

' '

Motive, gharaz^ vide Object.


Mould, sdnchd (hollow) (men dhdlnd) a form on which a thing
is moulded —
par charhdnd).
;
; qdlib (also

Mouldy, phaphund lagd hu,d or phaphundl lagi hu^l.

Moult, kurlz [khdnd or karnd) :


par jhdrnd.
Mound, tuda {hesbip) mitthl kd dher,: m. (heap of earth ;
also of quantity) :

tekrd (of ruined villages).

Mount, —
par charhnd ; sawdri k. (to ride): par charh-baithnd
— sawdr 2S60
hond (on or in anything) ko sawdr karnd or charhdnd^ tr. :
— ;

Mountain, \pahdr, m. (large); pahdn, mount (small; also adj. = moun-


Mountainous, J tainous.

Mourn, —
kd mdtam karnd (ceremoniously at death) kurhnd (in the heart) : :

vide Grief, Weep.


Mourner, nauha-gar (professional).
Mouse^ chuM or chuhyd :
[chuhd, rat] : ehuhe-ddn (rat-trap) ;
and chuhe-
dani (mouse-trap).
Mouth, munh, m. (also face).
Mouthful, vide Morsel.
MOV 102 MUX
Move, jumbish dend or hildnd, tr. jumbish karnd or hilnd, intr. tahrik k,
(to move

an Indian Official) vide Shift dil bhar-dnd or dil umand-
;

:
;
:

ndy (to be moved nearly to tears aUo to be moved to compassion) ; :

dil pigalnd (of melting of the heart).

Mow, dardntl (or ddtrt) se kdtnd (to cut with a sickle)


Much, bahiU : bahuterd (many).
Mucus, rent m. (from nose) dnw^ m. ; (in dysentery) :
balgAam, m. (from
throat).
Mud, Hchafy m. :
pdnk^ m., boggy black mud ; deep mire :
klchar se bhard
hu.dy adj., muddy.
Mulberry, tut, m. shdhtut, m.
; (a good kind).
Mule, khachchur, m. ; khachri, f.

Multiply, chhe ko chdr men zarb do (multipiy 6 by 4).

Multitude, vide Crowd, Host.


Municipality, minusipalfi Eng. ,

'

Munificence, daryd-dill ; faiyydziy vide' Generous, Beneficent.


Murder, — kd khun k.

Murdered, maqtul (flt. killed ;


of persons only).

Murderer, Unenl, subs. :


qdtil (lit. killer).

Murderous, khuni (of appearance, glance, etc. : of a weapon used in a


murder : also = bloody.
Murmur, burburdnd (in discontent) : vide Grumble and Mutter.
Muscle, gosht (lit. meat): vide Sinew.
Mushroom, sdnp kt topi, and mendak kd chhdtd.

Music, rdg-bdjd ; gdnd bajand.

Musician, mlrdsl, m., and rmrdsin, f. (Muslim, profess. a caste) gawaiyd, ;


:

m., and gd,in, f., gen. (singer) Dom, m., and Domni, f. (a Hindu :

low caste).

Musk, mushk, m. :
kasluri, (the musk-deer).
Musky, wi^sMm,. = musk-coloured (i.e., jet-black of horses); and also
adj.
smelling of musk, of a mistress' tresses, etc.
Musk-rat, chhuchhundar ,
m.
Muslin, malmal, f. gen. shah-nam, f. (lit. dew) and db-i rawdn, m.
,
:
(lit.

running- water; (names of two very fine kinds),


Musquito, vide Mosquito.
Mustache, muchh, f. (also used in pi.).

Mustard, rd.i (edible) : sarson (smaller than following) ; tdrdmird (black


mustard from which oil is made).
Muster, hdziri lend, to
— ; ginti, subs., f., mil> :

Musty, gamsd gamsd hit, a (of flour or any food)


or :
gamsi hu,i bu and, to
smell musty (of a room, books, etc.).

Mutineer, bdgjil, gen. (one who revolts).


Mutiny, c^adr karnd, mil. baghdvat k., gen. (to revolt).
to, ;

Mutter, munh men bolnd (to speak too low) bar mdrnd (disconnected mut- :

tering) : vide Murmur and Grumble.


MUZ 103 NEA

Muzzle, ihothni (snout of an animal) chhmka (lagdnd) (for animals prop, :


;

a net suspended from the roof and used as a meat- or food-safe,' etc.).
mu^ammd, m.
'

Mystery, vide' Secret: (enigma).

^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^f^V'^^^ ^^J-


J '^^^*'
'

Mystical,
Mythology, Purdn, m. (the Books deahng with the Hindu gods).

N
Nail, ndkhun, m. (of finger) :
mekh, f. (also a peg) :
preg, f. {thoknd or
jarnd) (of iron) :
kil^ i., gen.
Naive, albeld (also = graceful in movement or shape, of humans only ;
or
of deer, which by poets are compared to a mistress).
Naked, nangd : mddar-zdd nangd, stark naked :
nangd mungd (emphatic ;

also bare, of trees).

Name, ndm, m. {rakhnd) (also reputation; fame, q.v.).


Named, musammd^ m. musammdt, f. (also = a woman; : also a prefix to
the name of any woman, married or unmarried).

Nap, jhapki lend (to take a nap) ungnd (also to nod) ;


: usko ungte pdyd =
" he
itsko gkdfil pdyd, caught him napping."
Nape, guddl, f.

Narcissus, nargis.
Narcotic, khivdb-dwar, producing sleep : nashila (prop, intoxicant).

Narrate, vide Relate.


Narrow, \tang : kam-chaurd (not broad enoiigh) gjiaur se, narrowly, :

Narrowly, J closely, with attention: mushkil se, hardly, nearly, q.v.


Nasty, bad-maza ( —
to taste): wdhiydt (nasty to taste; but properly rot,
rubbish, of words, books, etc.) vide Dirt and Indecent. :

Native, desi ; mulki : des or watan, m. (one's native land).

Natural, qudrati (opp. to masnu'i or artificial) tabi'i (natural to tempera- :

ment) khudd-ddd (as husn-i khudd-ddd ko zewar ki zarurat nahm).


:

Nature, Qudrat, f.
Naughty, nat-khat ; sharir (mischievous, wicked).
Nauseate, '\is dawd se mujhe matli dii hai = is dawd se merd jl matldtd
Nauseating, J hai.

Naval, vide Navy.


Navel, ndf, f. ; {shahr kt ndf men = in the centre of the city).

Navigable, kishti ke guzar ke qdbil.


Navy, quwat-i bahri ; bahri, adj., naval (also the female Peregrine).
Near, nazdik ; pds ; qarib ; juzras (rather sfeingy).
Nearly, girte girte bach-gayd he nearly fell : vide Almost.

1 Billi kl bhag se chhinka tfita — Prov. = "by the cat's good luck the meat-safe
broke (and fell on the floor)."
NEA 104 NIC

Neat, 8afd,\'pasand.
Necessaries, \?arMr, adj. and adv., but before a noun, zarurl :
{zaruriyat or
Necessary, J Zai^«i2ima<, necessaries, necessary things).

Necessity, zarurat, f. :
hdjat, f. (need).
Neck, gardariy f. ; gold, m. (prop, throat).
Necklace, hdr, m. (of jewels also garland) mdld, m., gen. (of beads, etc., ; ;

or anything).

Nectar, amrit or amrit pdni,^ ambrosia (the drink of the Hindu gods, con-
ferring immortality) : db-i haydt (the water of life).

Need, hdjat (pressing need) vide Necessity, Poverty: darkdr hond, to be :

in need of (vulgarly only is darkdr, a substantive).

Needle, su,l (also = kdntd, iiand of watch or clock): su,d (large, as sail-
maker's or cobbler's needle).
Neglect, "I
—se ghdfil rahnd (to be negligent of) :
ghajlat k. (on a parti-
Negligence, j cular occasion) : i;?c?e Careless.

Negotiation, sulh kd ndma o paydm {k.) (of peace) : band o bast, m. {k.)^
' '

gen. vide Trade.


:

Mp
'
Vhabshi, m. and habshaUy f.
(properly Abyssinian).

Neigh, hinhindnd.
Neighbour, parosi ; ham-sdya : paros, m., and ham-sdyagt, f.
(neighbour-
hood) ds-pds, m., vicinity (pi. idea).
:

Neither, na na, or na to

na : na yih na — wuh (of two things) : koi bh%
nahln, none (of two or a number).
Nephew, bhattjd, m. [bhattjl, f.] (brother's son) :
bhdnjd, m. [and bhdnjlf] f.

(sister's son).

Nest, ghonsld^ m. : Idjia : {Idna ujdrnd, to


harry a nest) choronkd akhdrd or :

aMd, met. (= a nest of thieves) bdsd, gen. (lodging or settling-place).


;

Net, jdl ; jdlt , net-work ; videSnsire.

Nettle, bichhutl (formerly used in Bengal for whipping small boys, onthe
thighs ;
the plants were first dipped in water to make them more

virulent).
'

Strange and Singular.


'

New, nayd : tdza, fresh, q.v. : vide

News, khabar, f. :
gap, f. (bazar news or gossip).
Newsmonger, shahr-khabra.
Newspaper, akhbdr, m., sing. parcha, m., gen. (any newspaper or maga- :

' *
zine also issue of a paper).
;

Next dusrd (second) :


baghpl kd :
dyanda (of time; month, week, year).
Nib, niby f., Eng.
'
Nibble, kutar kutar-ke khdnd,
'
vide Gnaw.
Nice, khush-maza maze-ddr (also met. of words ;
= amusing).
Niche, tdq, m. (a recess in a wall).
Nickel, nikal, m., Eng.

1 Concealed in utter darkness. Alexander (the Great ?) sought for it but failed to
find it.
NIC 105 NOT

Nickname, 'wr/, m. (a pet-name which often sticks tlirough Ufe) ; laqab, m.


(in a good sense also title). ;

Niece, vide Nephew.


Niggardly, vide Near.
Night, rat, f. shab, f.
: rat din, or shab o roz, night and day: pahdr
:
sijdt
(a long and wearisome night) chdndni rat (opp. to andherl rat) : :

shab-khun (night-surprise, with slaughter) : rat kd chhdpd (night attack) :

dj rat ko (to-night) wuh rdt dyd — he came last night but wuh rat ko
;
" he came at night."
dyd,
Nightingale, hazdr-ddstdn, (brought from Kabul, Persia, etc.); bulbul, m. (a
gen. term applied in Persia to the nightingale and to the bulbuls).
Nightmare, kdbus, m. (hond). >
[form)-
Nil, na-ddrad (used only in speech the plus sign + indicates nil, in a ;

Nip, noch-lend, tr. to nip off chutki lend (to pinch, also met. to make a snub-
,
:

bing remark) dab-jdnd, intr. (ht. to be pressed, etc., by a door, lid of a


:

box, or compression between two surfaces) dabkar kuchal-jdnd (ditto). ;

Nipple, bhitni, f. (of man or woman).


Nitre, qalami shora (i.e., shora, in crystals).

Nobility, shardfat, f., gen. (of nature or family) 'dli khdnddni (of family) :
;

umard^^ nobles (pi. of amir \) and ru^asd (pi. of raHs).


Noble, sharif, gen. (pi. shurafd) : ra^is (pi. ru^asd) one of the nobility;
amir-zada (ditto).

Nobly, sharifdna.
Nod, sar hildnd :
unghnd (in sleep also to have a nap, q.v.). ;

Noise, dwdz, (sound or voice) shor, m., or ghul, m., or shor o ghul, or ghul
f. ;

ghapard (noise, clamour) huhd, m. (shouting) hullar, m. (of people


;
:

in excitement; uproar).

Noisome, vide Harmful and Stench.


Nolens Volens, khwdh ma-khivdh (also = perforce, positively).
Nomad, khdna ba-dosh (ht. house on the shoulder).
Nominal, bard,e ndm.
Nominate, ndm-zad karnd (also to register another's name).
2950
Nonentity, puch or muhmal ddmi (of a person muhmal means, " meaning- ;

less ").

Nonsense, wdhiydt, f pi. (also = nasty q.v.)


.
: zatal (also indecent ; zatal
ga^2/^ = doggerel or nonsensical rhyme).
Noon, do-pahary f.

Noose, phd.l ; phandd, m., phdns. f.

North, uttar, m., shimdl, m.


Nose, ndk, f. ; tobrd, m. (nose-bag); nds-band, or nakord, Panj. (nose-band).
Nostril, nathnd, m.
Note, not, m., or vulg. lot (currency note).
Noteworthy, qdbil-i zikr.

1
Armr, in Urdu, primarily raeans, a rich man.
NOT 106 OBL

Notice, main ne dekha hogd magar main ne khiyal nahln kiya (I must have
seen it but Observe notis, f., Eng. (a public
I didn't nofcioe it) : vide :

notice = ittila\ f. vide Advertisement, Declaration).


;

Notorious, aiigushUjiuma (lit. pointed at by the finger) bad-ndm (also =



:

defamed without cause): bad, achchhd ; bad-ndm, burd Prov. "a


''
wicked man better than a defamed man az Shaitan ziydda :

mash^hur : mVie Celebrated.

Notwithstanding,
— ke bd-umjud ; is par bh% (
— this).

Nourish, parwarish kaynd (of a mother, of her children ;


of poor people):
pdhid, gen. (ditto, but also to rear animals).
Novel, ndvil, m., Eng. (the book) : vide New.
Now, ab (contrasted with past time) but abht (contrasted with future time).'^
Nowhere, kahin nahln.
Noxious, vide Harmful.
Null, bdtil (k).

Numb, sun.

Number, hindsa (a figure in arithmetic) nambar (of an ordinal number ; ;

of houses, of regiments or sepoys vide Count: 'adad, m. (a number :

of): ta'ddd, f. (enumeration).

Nun, Maryam-sifat 'aurat (i.e., woman like the Virgin),

Nurse, dd,i, gen. (also midwife) pildyi, subs, and adj. (wet-nurse)
: dudh r

timdr-ddr (of the sick) nars sdhiba (of an English woman- nurse).
:

Nursery, zakhira (of plants lit. any store). ;

Nut, funduq or fundaq, m. (filbert) :


ahhrot, m. (walnufe) ; pista (pistachio).
Nutmeg, jd.e-phal, m.
Nutriment, quwat, f. (lit. strength, power).
Nux Vomica,kuchld, m.
Nymphomania, chul ki bimdrt.

Oar, dand, m.
O
:
chappu, m.
Oat, ja,l, f.

Oath, qasam, f.
(khdnd) ; saugand, f. (khdnd).
Obedience, tdbi* -dart {vnlg.) farmdn-barddrl. :

Obey, —kd hukm mdnnd.^ — ki farmdn-barddrl karnd.


Object, gtharaz, f. [khud-^arazi, selfishness): maqsad, m. or maqsud, m^
(thing aimed at): murdd, f. (heart's desire): matlab, m. (meaning):
rtirdz (m.) karnd (to object to) mujhe is men 'uzr (m.) hai (I object ;

to do this).
Objection 'uzr, m. (excuse) i'tirdz, m. {k.) (take exception to) :
kaldm, m.
(lit. speech).
Objectionable, makruh (but in a rehg. sense only, without a strong mean-
ing) ;
qdbtl'i i'tirdz (objection may be taken to it).

Oblige,
—par majbur karnd or expressed by causal verb compounded with
chhofnd : vide Compel, Force.
»'
1 Vide Phillott's Hind. Man.," p. 182.
OBL 107 OFP

Obliged, majhur (forced) :


—ka mamnun or ihsan-mand (under obligation to).

Obliterate, vide Efface.

Oblivion, dil se bhuldnd, or


— par khdk ddlnd (to bury in oblivion).

Obscene, fuhsh^ adj.; also subs., m.


Obscure, vide Dark and Ambiguous :
sdf nahin (of style).

Obsequies, kiryd karm, m. (of Hindus): hajn dafn, m., or mitti manzil, /.
(of Muslims).
vide Remark and Perform. ' '

Observe, c^aur, f. (or dhydn, m.) karke dekhnd :


Obsolete, matruk.
Obstacle, rok, m. ; rukdwat, f .

Obstinate, ziddi ; hatti or hatUd : magrd. {won't listen).

Obstreperous, cfhaugjid,i (also the name of a noisy bird, the Large Grey .

Babbler).
Obstruct, roknd ; haraj ddlnd: vide Hinder.
Obstruction, sadd, f., gen. ; rukdwat, f. : sudda (obstruction in the bowels).
Obtain, hdsil karnd.
Obviate hatdnd ; dur karnd
y ; tain a.

Obvious, vide Evident. 3000


Occasion, mauqa' , m., gen. :
taqrtb, f.
(any joyous occasion or festival, etc.).

Occiput, guddi.
Occurrence, wdqi'a.
-
Ocean, vide Sea.
Octroi, chungl

Ocular, dnkhon dekhi hat.


Odd, tdq (not even); phut (ditto); upari, queer: agram bagram chlzen,
odds and ends vide Peculiar, Singular.
:

Odour, bu, f.
(spec. bad).
Offal, chhichhrd, m. s

Offence,
—ka burd manna (to take offence at) vide Displeasure. :

Offensive, chher, f. or pahal, f., karnd, to be the aggressor hamla (attack :

as opposed daf'a) munh-phat, adj. (in speech).


:

Offer, pesh karnd or sdmne rakhnd : the Imperfect tense of dend = to offer
or the Inf. of dend with lagnd: charhdnd (to idols by Hindus, or on
shrines, etc., by Muslims) : vide Sacrifice.

Offering, charhdwd, gen. bhent, f. (anything offered to idols that goes to


:

the priest; not bribe except metaphorically) nazr, m., or niydz, f. (at :

a Mushm shrine) pujd, f. (of flowers or leaves to an idol; also wor-


:

ship, prayer to an idol) qurbdni, sacrifice (of an animal) :


:
balidan, m.
(sacrifice by Hindus).
Office, daftar, m. (also record, volume) dfis, m., Eng. ;

Officer, afsar, Eng.


Officials, 'amala, pi. (native officials) ;
'uhda-ddr (European).
Officiate, to,
— kisl ke Hwaz men kdm karnd : kisi ki qdyim maqdmi karnd :

qdyim-maqdm (officiating).
OFT 108 ORD

Often, aksar ; bdr-hd.

Oil, tel, m. {malnd) :


raugAan, m. (also = butter, ointment, dubbing) :

khaUi (oil-cake) :
teHyoilman by caste.
Ointment, marham, m.
Old, hufhd, adj. (of living things) buMhd, subs, an old man (also incor- :

rectly an adj., of people, animals), fem. hvMhl or hUfhya : jmrdnd :


char haras kd = chdr-sdla, '* four years old
"
bufhdpd — za'lfi^ (old :

age).
' *

Old-fashioned, purdne ivaia' kd or purdne


' '

fishan kd,

Olive, zaitun, m.
Omen, fdl, m., gen. shtigun, m. gen. ;

Once, ek bdr, f. (one time) kisl zamdne men (once upon a time :
; formerly) :

jhat isi waqt ; faur-an


,
(immediately).
Onion, pydzy m.
Only, faqdt; sirf ; khdli (vulg.) : vide Alone : eklautd beta (only son).

Onyx, sang-i sulemdnl.


Ooze past jkar nikalnd (of what oozes out in many places) pasljnd (to
y :

sweat in many places; of things only, but vide Sweat): rasnd (of
what oozes out of many places) nikalnd (of one or many places).
;
:

Opaque, gkair-shaffdf (lit. not transparent).


Open, khuld, adj.: kholnd, tr. and khulnd, intr. khUnd, intr. (for buds) : :

khule maiddn men (in open air but without men = publicly).

Openly, khullam khuld ; bar maid ; sar-i bdzdr ; danke ki chot [se] (all = pub-
licly) sdf sdf (w ithout reserve)
: sarih-an (clearly, plainly). :

Opthalmia, dnkh dnd (to have ).

Opinion, rdy, f.

Opium, afyun, f. ; afim, f.


(vulg.) :
afimi (one who smokes or eats opium ;

also used of one who works very slowly).


Opponent, muqdbil games; without enmity) (in :
mukhdlif (with enmity).
Opportunity, mauqa\ m, {pdnd).
Oppose, Imuqdbalak., mil. :
muMidlafat k. (in meetings, debates; not
Opposition, ) necessarily inimical).
Opposite,

ke muqdbil or sdmne dmne sdmne :
(right opposite each other :
of two things) achchhe kd ultd (or better
:
zidd) burd hai (the opposite
of good is bad).
Oppress, satdnd {also = to tease) :
'
vide
'

Tyranny : mazlum (oppressed).


Option, ikhtiydr, m. :
ikhtiydri bdt (optional).
Oral, zabdni, adj., and fem prep. :
taqrlri imtihdn (oral exam, as opposed
to tahrlri).

Orange, ndrangl (with close skin) santara or sangtard (with loose skin). :

Order, tartib f.; 'vide' Method, Condition: hukm, m. (command) vide :

sajdnd^ to put in order, vide Arrange.


Rank, Class :

Orderly, ardali, m., mil. vide Regular, Peaceable. :

Ordinary, ma'muli.
1 But zM*/» weakness.
ORD 109 PAC

Ordure, vide Dung.


' '
Origin, asl, f. vide :
Beginning.
' '

Ornament, zeba,ish, f. (dena): vide Adorn.


Orphan, yatlm (prop, without father) :
he-hap, he man hap, etc.
Ovthodo-K, Tchush-i' tiqad : pakka musalman.
Ostensible, zahin.
Ostentation, dikhdvd, m., gen. :
riyd^ f. (in religion ;
hypocrisy).
Ostrich, shutur-murgh, m. (lit. camel-bird). 3050
Outbid, — se holt harhd-dend (at an auction),
Outhouse, hhindi-khdna : shagird-pesha m. (the servants' quarters). ,

Outpost, chauki (police or mil.) hikat, f. (picquet). :

Outrage, — ki he-hurmati k. (women).


Outstrip, dge nikal-jdnd.
Oval, hatzdwi.
Oven, tanur, m.
Overcome, — par gh dlih dnd :
*
vide
'
Defeat and Conquer.
Overflow, tughydni men dnd (of a river) : uhalkar girnd (lit. to boil over).

Overhear, sun-pdnd : vide Eaves-dropping.

Overload, hojhal karnd.


Overlook, qil'a mushrif ha-shahr hai (the fort overlooks the city = qil'a
shahr he ruhh par hai) : —
se chashm-poshi k. (a fault; also to connive
at).

Overseer, varsir, Eng.


Overshadow, gahndnd, tr. (to eclipse; used met. and lit.).

Overtake, main usko jd-liyd or wuh mujhe d-liyd.^


Overturn, aundhd k. or aundhdnd (reverse, on purpose) : ulat-dend (upset
completely or partially, by accident or on purpose).
Owe, vide Debt,
Owl, ullu, m., gen. (also a fool) : kdth kd ullu (a wooden owl, i.e. more
foolish even than a live owl).

^^"' { is kd mdlik kaun hai.


Owner, )

Ox, hail (castrated) :


badhyd (lit. castrated, but in the U.P. a bullock) :

vide Cattle.

Oyster, kasturd, m. (also a hill black-bird).

Pace, qadam, m. (a step) vide Amble qadam ha-qadam hond (to keep pace
: :

with, lit. and met. also to follow in the footsteps, of a son or a suc-
;

cessor only but naqsh-i qadam par chalnd, of disciples).


;

Pacify, ghussa thdndd karnd.


1 Lena when thus compounded with an intrans. verb does not take ne. Vide
**
Stumbling-Bloeks."
PAC 110 PAR
Pack, hand karna : sanduq men kitdben kaal hu,t hain (the books are
packed very tight) vide Bundle dasta (of cards) thunsnd, tr. (to
: : :

thrust in, press tight).

Packet, jnilanda, m. (of books, letters, etc.).

Pack-horse, laddu ghofd.


Pack-saddle, pdldn, m. chha,% sund [for sundkd :
?] (the pattern used on
grass-cutters' ponies of Native Cavalry).
Pad, gaddt (of cloth) :
phdyd, m. (very small, of cotton, wool).
Padlock, vide Lock.
Page, safhuy m. :
loaraq, m. (leaf).
' '
Pain, dard, m. : vide
Punishment, Grief.
Painful, dard kartd hai or duhhtd hai.
Paint, rang, m. {charhdnd).
Painter, rang'sdz (of wood, etc.) naqqdsh or musawwir (of pictures). :

Pair, jord, m. or juft, f., male and female (also of shoes, etc. also a suit of ;

clothes) jori (two)


:
jor lagnd (of birds) but jujtl khdnd (to copulate,
: ;

of animals and birds).

Palace, mahally m.
Palankeen, pdlkt, f.

Palate, tdlu, m.
Pale, pild or zard (lit. yellow ; from sickness) :
rang urnd or faq ho-jdnd
(from fear).

Palm, hatheli (of hand) : vide Date and Cocoanut.


Palsy, ra'sha, m.
Paltry, ek take B chtz (prop, for things).
Pamphlet, risdla, m.
Pang, jdn-kam (pangs of death).

Panic-stricken, he-sahdb khauf se andhd^dhund hhdgnd (to flee panic-


stricken).

Pant, hdnpnd.
Pantomine, gungd sang.
Paper, kdghfiz, m. takhta (a single sheet of — not a folded sheet siydhu

: :
;

sokh (blotting )
:
'hldting,^ m., Eng.
Parade, qawd'id, f., sing, (drill) :
paret, f. : vide Show.
'

Paradise, Fridaus, m. (also the Garden of Eden) :


'
vide Heaven.
Parallel, mutawdzi : bardbar bardbar.

Paralysis, laqioa, m. (of half the face) :


fdlij, m.

3100 Paramour, dhagrd (contempt, term) :


ydr or dshnd.
f.
Parapet, sina-pandh,
Parasite, mufUkhor ; or tufaili (people).

Parcel, pdrsal, m., Eng. : vide Packet.

Parch, bhunnd (also to broil).


Pardon, mu'df karna ; mu'dfi dend : baWish-dend (spec, by God).
PAR 111 PAT

Pare, chhllnd.
Parents, man bap ; or walidain,^ pL, masc.

Parley, waqfa (any cessation of hostilities or anything else).


Parrot, tot^i ^- ^^^ M* f- '•
rattu, adj. (repeating like a parrot or without
understanding).
'
kauri kd khiydl-karne-wdld
*

Parsimonious, juz-ras ; kauri ; vide Near,


Miser.
' '

Part, hissa, m. (a portion) ; juz, m. (opp. to kull, the whole) : vide Share :

sharik hond or shdmil hond (to take part in).

Partake, vide Share.


Partial, thord ; kisi-qadar.
Partiality, taraf-ddrl.
Particular, vide Special sdrd hdl, m. or hdldt, m., pi. (the particulars)
: : vide
Details khass-karke, adv., particularly.
:

Partition, vide Division.

Partner, sharik ; hissa-ddr ; sdjhi.


Partnership, shardkat or shirkat.
Partridge, i?tor, m., titri,i. (the grey partridge): durrdj (the black par-
tridge) chakor,'^ m. (the chakor or red-legged partridge)
: si-si or :

su-su (the see- see, a desert species like a small chakor).

Party, fariq, m., or jamd'at, f., or guroh, f. (faction) firqa,m.. (sect) parti, : :

i., Eng. = da'wat, f. fariqain or jdnihain (Ar. dual the two parties ;
:
;

in a lawsuit, etc., etc.).


Pass (A;e pas se) guzarnd pass by) guzar-jdnd (pass away; elapse) vide
(to : :

Happen: ''pas'' or h. (of exam.): ''pas,'' m., Eng. (a pass or


k.

passport) :
darra, m., or ghdti (a defile, q.v., or mountain pass) vide :

Thrust.
Passage, surang, f.
(underground passage).
Passenger, musdfir (also = traveller) rdh-gir (a passer-by) musdfir gdri
") : :

Passer, j (passenger train as opposed to mail).


Passion, jhalldnd (to fly into a foolish passion of children, etc., or animals) ; ;

vide Rage.

Passionless, pitta mard hu,d.


"
Passport, pas," m., Eng. ; pdsporat, m. ; rdh-ddri kd parwdna.
Past, guzashta, adj. :
guzrd hu,d zamdna (the past).
Paste, lehi or le,i, f. {se sdtnd).
Pastern, gdmchi.

asturage, \chard,i, vl. noun f.


:
chard-gdh, (the place).

Pat, thdpthapdnd (Ughtly) :


thapi mdrnd (with some force) : vide Slap.
' '

Patch, "^paiwand lagdnd ; vide Repair :


paiwand-ddr (patched) [but
Patched, J paiwandi, grafted].

1
Prop, an Arabic dual.
^ Ram-chakor the snow- cock.
^^'^ 112 PED
Patented, rigistiri ahvda.^
Path, rah, f. : rasUi or rdsta, m. :
pag-dandi (a narrow foot- track).
Pathetic, dard-ndk ; jdn-giiddz (tragic).
Patience, sabr, m. (also self-restraint and resignation).
Patient, bimdr or martz.
Patriarch, hafd burhd {the head of a family or a village) : sarddr (in a flock
of animals).

Patriotism, hubb-i loatan, f.

Patrol, to, gasht (f.) karnd (also to go the rounds).


Patten, khafd^un, m. (much used by Brahmins).
Pattern, namuna, m. .•
bdngi, f.
(sample ; spec, of grain).
Paucity, kaml, f. ; qillat, f.

Pave, sang-farsh karnd ; patthar bichhdnd.


Paw, panja : (also a foot or hand ** a bunch of fives "). ;

Pawn, giraw (m.) rakhnd or bandhak (m.) rakhnd : piydda, m. (at chess) :

mahdjan (= pawn- broker).


Pay, tanldiivdh (dend), f. talab, f. (d.) mushdhara, m. (d.) vide Compen-
; ; ;

sate chukdnd (to pay off) qarz ddd karnd (to pay off debts).
:
;

Paymaster, bakhshi.
Peace, sulh, f. (k.) (between two
parties); chain, m., or drdm, m. (tranquil-
lity) ; aman, m., or amdn, f. (state of
peace as opposed to war also ;

safety) : as-saldm 'alay-kum (the Muslim salutation ''the Peace be on


" the reply is, wa'alay-kum as-saldm " and on you the Peace ").
you ;

3150 Peaceable, sulh-pasand : sulh-i kull, adj. = lives at peace with all creeds.
Peace-maker, sulh-kdr.
Peach, dm, m. ; shaftdlu, m. ; noki, f. (a flat kind).
Peacock, mor, m. ; mm-ni, f.

Peak, chotl (tip of anything; also a pig-tail, and the crest of a bird).

Pear, ndshpdti.
Pea, matar, m.
Pearl, moti, m.
Pebble, kankar, m. (small) :
patthar kd chashma, (for spectacles).
Peck, chonch mdrnd.
Peculation, gisiban^ m. (k.) :
'
vide' Embezzle.
'
Peculiar, anokhd odd
'

(also rare) : vide Special ; nij kd or zdti (private).


Pedagogue, miydn-jl (often contemptuous; lit. a primary schoolmaster).
Pedant, Hlmtyat jatdne-wdld.
'
bakas-wdid ; pheri-wdld.
Peddl )

Pedestrian, piydda (as opposed to sawdr ; also a peon).

Pedigree, shajara (the tree itself) : silsila pahuhchdnd, (to trace one's
— ).

Shuda the past partic. of the Persian verb ahudan to become.


PEE 113 PER
' '

Peel, chhilka, m. (utdrnd) : vide Skin.

Peep, jhanknd.
Peevish, chirchird.
Peg, mekh, f. (also nail) : khuntd (large) and khuntl (small) (of wood).
Pen, qalam, m., f. (also a cutting or anything shaped like a pen).
Penance, vide Atone.
' '

Pencil, pinsil, f. ;
vide Brush.
Pendulum, langar, m. (also anchor) ; tik-tiki. [remain).
'

Penetrate, ghusnd (' Enter) paithnu vide :


(to penetrate forcibly and
Penknife, chdqu, m. qalam-tardshy m. ;

Penman, khush-navis (calligraphist). .

"
Pension, pinshan,'* m., and vulg., plnis and pinsil; wazlja ; wazifa-
khwdr or pinshan-ydfta (pensioner).
Pentateuch, taurdty f.

People, log, pi. (folk genitive, logon kd) ;


:
khilgat f., (people in mass) ;
dbdd
k. or basdnd (to people).

Pepper, mirch, f. ;
kdli mirch (black — )
:
gol mirch (pepper corns) ;
Idl
mirch (red chillies).
"
Peppermint, jdparmint, f., Eng.
Perch, addd, m.
Peregrine, bahri, f. (the falcon).
Peremptory, ia^kldi hukm (
— order) ;
or (in a bad sense) Nddir-Shdht hukm.
Peremptorily, hdkirmna taur par : sdhibl k. (to act — ;
of people of low rank).

Perennial, bdrah-mdsd ; bdrdh mahine kd.


' '
Perfect, kdmil purd ; vide Complete, Faultless,
; etc.

Perfection, kamdl, m. (also excellence).


Perfidy, vide Treason.
Perform, mcfe Accomplish :
ba-jd Idnd : add k. (of ceremonies; to discharge).
Perfume, khush-bu, f .
; basdnd or bdsnd, tr. : khush-bu se basd hujd
(thoroughly perfumed with) :
mahaknd, intr., to emit perfume.

Perfunctory, begdrl ke taur par.


Perhaps, sJidyad : ho-saktd hai ki — .

Period, zamdna : 'arm (a space of time between two occurrences; interval :

also = a long time) muddat, f. (ditto) 'arsa hu,d ki khattna-dyd ( =


: :

it is some time, a month or two, since I heard from him) but muddat
hu,i ki —
*'
it is an age, a year or two since )."
— ;

Perish, haldk hond ; nest o rm-bud hond: vide Ruin.


Perjury, jhuti qasam {khdnd) :
darogh halafi (karnd) leg.
' '

Permanent, mustaqil : vide Lasting.


Permissible, jd^iz.
Permit, ijdzat dend dend, preceded by an inflected infinitive
: ;
vide Allow.

Perpendicular, 'amudi (from Ar. 'amiid, a pillar).


Perpetual, dd,imi; davdtni; hamesha kd :
jdgir-i davdm, (estate given in
perpetuity).
15
PER 114 PIG

Perplex, pareshdn k.

Perquisite, fdida (a term used by servants) : dasturl (on purchases) :


uprx
paida (vulg.) :
bald,% amadant.

Persecuted, ]
»-^ ^^ '

^^^^^ ^^-
Perseverance, istiqlal^ m. ; himmat, i.
(vulg. in this sense).
Persist, kisi chlz par israr, (m.) karnd.
Persistent, ziddi, vide Obstinate.

Person, shakhs, m. : asdlat-an (in person; opp. to vakdla^an).

Personal, mti; shakhsi.


Perspiration, vide Sweat.
Persuade, kah sunkar rdzi karnd ; md,il karnd (incline) :
samjhdnd.
Perturbation, ghabrdhat, f. :
iztirdb, m.
Perverse, vide Obstinate.
Pervert, gumrdh karnd, bahkdnd (of people only) : ma' net bigdrn (of words).
Pest, vide Calamity :
jdn kd wabdl, fig.

Pestilence, toabd, f. (especially cholera).


'
Pestle, musal^ m. (big)
'
vide ; Mortar.
Pet, pdld hu ,d paltu adj
, ,
.

Petition, 'arzi, f. (d.) (written) ; 'arz, m. (k.) (oral).

Petrify, pathardnd.
Petticoat, ghdgrd, m. (a woman's skirt or dress ; hence ghdgrd paltan, a
kilted regiment).

Philosopher, falsafi, Gr. : hakim (also an eastern physician, Muslim).


Philosophy, falsafa, m., Gr. ; hikmat, f.

Photograph, foto, m., Eng. : 'aksl tdsmr {'aks, m., reflection).

Physician, haldm (Muslim) : baid (Hindu) : vide Doctor.

Pick, vide Cull, Pluck: chunnd (to pick off; but chhurdnd, of sticky things
Uke burrs) khildl karnd (
: the teeth) vide Select chiignd (pick up — : :

grain ; of birds) gainti (the tool). ;

Picket, vide Peg.


Pickle, dchdr, m.
Picture, tasmr, f. (khenchnd) (spec, of living things also a statue) ; :
naqsha,
m. (spec, of lifeless things also a map, design). ;

Piebald, ablaq or kdld ahlaq ; (but Idl ablaq, shewbald).


' '
Piece, tukrd : vide Part, Morsel purza (a small piece of paper also a :
;

small bit of machinery).


Pierce, chhednd, tr. (make a hole througli) vide Penetrate and Prick. :

Piety, parhezgdri : Khudd-tarsl, (God-fearingness) .

Pig, 8uwar, m. suwarnl, f. (many people won't mention these words espe-
;

cially after nightfall; nd-pdk jdnwar, etc., is used instead).

Pigeon, kabutary m. ; kahutri, f.

* '

Pigmy, sawd-bdlisMiy adj. subs. : vide Dwarf.


PIG 115 PIT

Pigtail, vide Peak.

Pile, vide Heap: chita, f. (for corpse).

Piles, hawdslr, f., sing. : khuni bawdsir (bleeding ).

Pilgrim, hdji, pi. hujjdj (to Mekkah ; properly one who has performed the
journey to Mekkah) zd^ir (to :
any shrine or sacred place Muslim) ;
:

tiratht or jdtrl (to any Hindu temple).


Pilgrimage, kajj, m. (to Mekka) ; ziydrat, f.
(also for ziydrat-gdh a shrine) :

jdtrd or tirath, m.

Pill, goll (also a small ball).

Pillage, lutnd, tr. ghdrat k. (also fig. to spoil anything)


.• : lut mar, f. or lut
f.
khasot, noun). (vl.

Pillager, lutne-wdld (pillager but luterd, robber). ;

Pillar, sutun, m. mandr, m. (as monument) khamhd, m.


.*
Idt, f. (column) ; ;

wood) fil-pdya (of bridges or great buildings).


(spec, of :

Pillow, takya, m. (any cushion) takye kd gMldf (pillow-case). :

Pimp, bharuwd (spec, to his own relations) randiyon kd dalldl. :

Pin, alfUn. f. (lagdnd) (Port., alfinete) belan, m. (rolling-pin, a roller) : :

su,!, ki gaddl (pin-cushion).

Pincers, chimtd (also tongs, q.v.).


Pinch, vide Nip.
Pine, deoddr, m.
:
ghulnd (to pine away) vide Melt.
; diydr :

Pine-apple, anannds, m. (Port.).


Pinion, mushken kasnd (bind the arms behind the back).
Pink, guldbl rang^ adj. (the colour).
Pinnacle, vide Summit and Minaret.
Pious, parhezgdr; Khudd-parast : mazhabi [gen. ior other than Muslims):
din-ddr (spec, of MusHms).

Pipe, paip, Eng., m. (for smoking, or for water): nal, m. (for water) ;
'

huqqa (the whole huqqa but properly the water-bowl) ;


: for pipe-
clay vide Chalk.
Pipkin, hdndi.
Piquette, bikat, m. 3250
Pirate, daryd kd ddku.
Piss, peshdb karnd : mutnd (indecent) : vide Urine.

Piss-pot, pat, m.
Pistol, pistaul, m. or tamancha, m. {mdrnd or chhornd).
Pit, garhd, m. : vide' Well pdll^ f. (a cock-pit) vide
'
: : Pit-fall,

Pitch, qlr, m. : khard karnd or ddlnd (to pitch a tent) a,nd gird-dend (strike
a tent).

Pitcher, kuza, m. .

Piteous, dard-ndk.
Pit-fall, chor-garhd, ra.
' '

Pith, gud, m. ;
vide Marrow.
PIT 116 PLO

Pity, rahmt m. (karnd) : taraSt m., H. (Ichand) :


afsos Jhai ki it is a pity
that .

Pivot, chul^ (any dovetail; hence the pivot of a native door).


f.

Place, jagah, muqam, m. rakhna or dharna (to place, put vide Post.
f. : : :

Plagiarism, sarqa, At. (lit. theft).

Plague, ta'un, m. {the plague) vide' Pestilence. :


*

'
Plain, maiddnf m.
*
vide Evident sdda:
(simple not ornamented) :
'
:

jang ka maiddn (battle-field) khard-mu' dmala (plain-dealing). :

Plainly, sdf sdf.


Plain-speaking, sdf-go, adj. : and sdf-gOyi subs.
Plaintive, dard-angez.
Plait, gundndy tr. (also = to knead dough).
Plan, tadbir or tajmz, f. (karnd or sochnd) : mansuba, m. [karnd or bdndhnd) :

vide Device.

Plane, randa, m. (k.) (carpenter's — ).

Plank, taJchta, m.
Plant, paudd^ m. (lagdnd).
Plantain, keld, m.
Plaster, kah-gil, f. (k.) (of mud, etc.) :
gach, f. (of a pakkd building ;
vide
Cement) :
pldstar, m., med.
Plate, rikdbi: [bartan, m., is a utensil].
Platform, chabutardy m. machdn, m. (a bird-scarer's, etc., for shooting
:

from etc.) palaitfdrmy m. (railway).


:

Play, khel, m. :
khelnd, tr. (to sport) :
bajdnd (of music) :
chhutnd, intr.
(of fountains or fire- works).

^^*^^-*** (^^ * game or sport) ; but khelwdr or khildr, fond of play.


Plavful (

Playfellow, hain-joli.
Pleader, vaJdl.
Pleasant, khush-gawdr (of climate, or of things to the taste) :
margkub
(ditto).

Please, khush karnd :



se rdzi hond (be pleased with) mihrbdni karke :

or zara —
(witli Infinitive or Respectful Future Imperative) in shd :

Allah (if God please).


Pleasure, khushi (hdsil hond) : maza [lend] (to derive pleasure) hazz^ : m.
(uthdnd) : Ap ki marzl kyd hai (what is your pleasure, will ?)
Pledge, vide Pawn, Promise, Mortgage.
Plentiful, kasrat se or bahutdyat se : ifrdt se (lit. with excess) : dmon ki ret
pel Jiai (there are great quantities of mangoes).
Pliable, lachak-ddr.

Plight, gat, f. (bad state) vide Condition. :

Plot, adziah {k.) : vide Combination.

J In Calcutta soda means white.


PLO 117 POO

Plough, to, fzamm par hal (m.) jotnd, or mmtn ko jotna: halwahd or hal-
Ploughman, \ jotyd (a ploughman).
Pluck, tornd, tr.

Plug, ddt, i. (lagdnd) (is any small plug for insertion in a hole).

Plum, dluchd, m. :
ber, m. (in the Panjab the wild ber).

Plump, guddz {
with chihra or badan of children or grown-ups).
;

Plunder, lutnd, tr. ; lut machdn'i (of a general plundering) lut, f., or : lut kd
mdl, subs.
Pocket, jeb, f. :
pdkat, f., Eng. (of big coat-pockets; not of waist-coat
pockets).
Pocket-hook, jebi-kitdb ; pdkat-buk, i., Eng.
Pocket-money, jeb-kharch. m.
'
3300
Pock-marked, chechak-ru.
Poem, nazm, f. shi'r, m. :
(a couplet; and also poetry).
Poet, shd'ir, m., and shd'ira, f.

Poetry, vide Poem.


Point, noky f bdt (quality) — ki taraf ishdra karnd ; ungli se batldnd or
— dikhldnd
. : :

:
'
vide
'
Aim and Thrust.
Poise, tolnd, tr. (of a weapon ;
also = to weigh).

Poison, zahr, m. :
bis, m. : zahr-i haldhil (deadly — ).

Poisonous, zahrild.
Poke, khonchd mdrnd (thrust, q.v. ; poke) :
ghusernd, tr. (to thrust or poke

in).

Polar-star, Qutub-tdrd, m.
Pole, balli: chob, m. (of tent).

Police, pulis (if fem. = the body of pulls ; if masc. a policeman) : kdns-
tibil, m., Eng. (a constable).
Policy, pdlisl, f. (of Govt, etc.), Eng. :
tadbir, f. (plan).

Polish, saiqal karnd (of metal or glass) :


jild k. (to make bright ;
of metal
or glass) ghotnd (paper, leather)
: :
palish karnd (of wood or boots) :

shdyistagi (refinement).
Polite, hhaliq :
ikhldq kd.
Pollute, ganda k. (of water) : chalan bigdrnd, tr. (morally) :
nd-pdk or najis
karnd (relig.).
Polytheist, mushrik.
Pomegranate, andr, m.
Pommel, harnd, m. (of saddle).
Pomp, tumtardq, f.
(also pomposity) ;
dhum dhdm, f. ;
shdn o shaukat, f.

Pompous, tumtardq-wdld.
Pond, tdldjO, m. (tank) ddbar, m. :
(a small pond) : kund (larger than former).
Ponder, — par ghaur k. ; sochnd.

Pony, m. ; tattu.dnl, f
tattu, ydbu .
; (a Kabuli pony of coarse breed) :.

tdngan, m. (a iBurmese pony).


Pool, vide Pond.
POO 118 POU

vide Destitute be-chdra (poor


Poor, gihfirib ; miskin tang-dast (hard up)
: : :

creature, poor thing) kam-haldit (unfortunate often a term of abuse).


; ;

Poppy, khash khash, m. (the seed) ddne rotl (chapati with poppy-seed) ;
H :

post, m. (the head) Idla, m. (the flower, red poppy ^).


:

Popular, har dil 'aziz (liked; of people) ; 'amm-pasmid (of things) : 'dmm
(common).
Population, dbddi (of people ; also = cultivation).
Populous, dbdd.
Porch, barsdtx (also a waterproof; a disease in horses).
Porcupine, sdhly f.
Porous, db'khora (of earthenware).
Porpoise, ms, m.
Porridge, dcUyd^ m. (properly made of ddl).

Portable, uthd-lejdne Tee qdbil.

Portion, vide Part.


Portmanteau, potmantu, m., Eng. [(military).

Position, vide State, Rank: warn', f. (posture): pozlshan, m., Eng.


Possess, vide Have.
Possession, qiVa par qabza kar-lend, to take possession of the fort :
yih mere
qabze men nahin (it is not in my possession).
Possible, mumkin.
Post, dak
ke zari'a se safar karnd, (to travel post) chitthl dak men ddlnd :

(to post a letter) ddk-khdna (post-office)


:
ddkyd (postman) ddk- :
;

piydda (ditto in Behar) chitthl-rasdn (in Panjab) tappdl (Bombay)


: : :

vide Pillar: asdmi, f. (situation, also peasantry, client, culprit, wit-


ness, etc.).

Postage, m^hsul, m.
Posterity, dyanda nasi, f.

Postpone, multdvl karnd ;


—par uthd rakhnd :
pos-mdn karnd or hond, Eng.,
leg. only.

Posture, vid£. Position.

Pot, bartan, m; utensil; lota, m., a water-pot (of anything) :


ghard, m.
(large globular earthen vessel).
Potato, dlu, m. :
shakar-qand, m. (sweet-potato ;
vide Yam).
Pot-bellied, tondal.

Pot-luck, ddl-dalyd^ m., or sag sattu, m. (humble food) (khdnd).


Potsherd, thlkrd (large) thlkrt (small; also a scab).
:

Potter, kumhdr, m. ; kumhdrin, f. (also the name of a carpenter fly).

Poultice, poltis^ f., Eng.


Pounce, — par jhapatnd (also to rush at) ;

Pound, kutnd, tr. (to pound fine) jaii-kob karnd (to pound roughly) ku- :


:

chalndy tr. (to bruise, or to pound into bits) : kdnl ,


or kdnji-haus,
m. (for impounding).

1
Always translated tulip. Why ?
POU 119 PRE

Pour, undelnd, tr ; gen. (to pour out of a vessel): dhalnd, tr. (ditto of
liquids only ;
also to cast metals) ; bahdnd, tr. (to wash away by poui;-^
ing, etc.).

Pout, munh phuldnd (the cheeks) munh thutkana ( the lips) honth or
:
— :

munh latkdnd (ditto) honth latkdnd is also used of a man sticking


;

out his lip when working, writing, etc. vide Sulky. :

Poverty, muflisl ; ^aribi ; tang-dasti, (being hard up) : 'vide' Indigent,


Destitute.

Powder, sufuf, Ar., m., gen. {k.) and bukni, H., gen. {buknd, verb), {phakki, 3350
'

med.) bdrut or bdrud, f. (gunpowder) ddru.i. (in N. of India)


'
: vide ; :

Grind.
Power, vide Strength ikhtiydr, m. (authority)
: men kyd majdl ki aisd :

karun (what power have I to do this?) mukhtdr-ndma (power of :

attorney).
Powerful, zor-dwar (ht. or met.); tdqat-war (gen. met.); zabar-dast (met.)
(also tyrannical) shdhzor (of bodily strength) vide Strong.
: :

Pox, chechak, f. (small-pox) :


diishak, f. ; and garml (syphilis).
Practice, isti'mdl, m. (k.) (use); mashq, f. (k.) kasrat, f. (k.) (gymnastic
:

or bodily practice) : mashq, f. (k.) gen. : karte karte d-jd^egd mashq se =


d-jd,egd : tibdbat, f. (of a doctor) :
vakdlat,i. (of a lawyer).
Praise, ta'nf, f. {k.) (prop, specification and also definition; but collo-
'

quially praise ') sardhnd, tr. verb. hamd, m. (k.) (of God).
: :

Praise- worthy, qdbil-i ta'nf.


Prawn, jhlngd^ machhll ; [but jhingur, m., a cricket J.

Prayer, nam.dz, f. (parhnd) (of the stated liturgical Muslim prayers) du'd, f. :

{mdngnd or karnd) (in the Christian sense but du'd dend, to bless) ;
:

vide Entreat.
Preach, wa'z, (m.) kahnd or karnd (sermon) :
chup raho wa'z na-kaho (shut
up, don't preach).
Preacher, wd'iz.
Precarious, mashkuk (of a sick person) be-sabdt guzrdn :
(
— livelihood).
Precaution, ihtiydi, L {k.) :vide Cautious and Prevent.
Precedent, nazir, f. (authoritative example).
Precept, nasihat^ f. (admonition generally) :
pand m. (precepts given by
sages or superior people).
Precipitancy, jald-bdzi kd kdm.
Precipitation, harbari (too much hurry) harbariyd, one who always acts :

with precipitation halbaldnd or harbard^id, verb: vide Hurry.


;

Predestined, jis ki qismat men likhd thd ki — .

Prefer, {ek ko dusre par) tarph (/.) dend.


Pregnant, hdmila ; and pet se (of women) :
gabhin or gdbhin (of animals).
Preliminary, ibtidds-i.

Premature, be-waqt maut (


— death, waqt se pahle
q.v.) : :
'
vide
'
Ill-timed.
'

{k.) m.
'
Preparation, taiydrl, f. {k.) ; {band o bast vide :
Arrangement.
Prepare, taiydr karnd (food, etc. ; requires an object). Vide Ready.
Prepuce, {kd) ghildj, m. ; {ki) topi, f. vide Foreskin.
:

1
All the names of fishes are feminine because machhll is feminine.
PRE 120 PRI

Prescience, ghoih-ddm.
* '

Prescription, nuskha (also one copy of a book) .

Presence, hdzin or maujudx (as opposed to absence) mere ru-ba-ru (in :


my
presence) :
huzur, m. (the presence of kings) namud, f (demeanour) ; ; : .

mere ausan Jchatd ho-ga^e or hosh jdte rahe (I lost presence of mind). my
Present, hdzir or maujud (as opposed to absent vide Hind. Man., p. 36 (a) ;

for distinction) maujuda wd,isrd,t (the present Viceroy) hdl kd za-


:
;

mnna (the present time) nazr, f. jjc. or pesh k.) (gift to superiors) :
;

tuhfa (dend) (to equals) 'arzl guzrannd (to present a petition). :

Presentiment, wert dil par yih hat khul-ga,i tJii ki ('to liave anticipation
of ') : merd dil kahla hai ki (ditto).

Preserve, htfdzat se rakhnd (to keep safe) : murabbd banana or ddlnd (of
fruits).

Press, chhdpd-khdna (printing-press) kolhu m. (for oil or sugar-cane also :


, ;

formerly an instrument of death) vide Wardrobe ; pelnd, tr. (extract :

juice) nichornd, tr. (to squeeze out or wring out water) dabdnd, tr.
: :

and dabnd, int. (exert pressure from top): vide Incite, Urge dabd,o (or :

zor) ddlnd (exert influence) :


taqdzd m. {k.) gen. ;
dunning.
Pressure, dabd,o (of any weight; also met. for using influence) : kdmon ki
kasral se (owing to pressure of business).

Pretence, bahdna {k.) : with bahrd ban-gayd or bahre-pan kd sdng Idyd (he
pretended to be deaf) us ne hakim kd rup bhard (he pretended to :

be a physician; i.e., get himself up as one).


Pretty, khub-surat, gen. (also handsome) ; Jchush-numd (of lifeless things
only).
Prevail,
— par ghdlib hond :
*
vide
'
Persuade.
Prevaricate, did bdld batdnd (also wrongly to put off, of false excuses).
Prevent, pahle se rok thdm karnd (take precautions for) ; vide Stop, Hinder.

Previous, pahld ; agld ; sdbiq (former, q.v.).


' '

Prey, shikdr : vide Booty.


Price, qimat, f .
; ddm, m. .•
mol, m. (the first top price asked by a shop-
keeper turn qtmat kahte ho yd mol karte ho
; ?) mol or qimat lagdnd (to
:

price a thing).

Priceless, be-bahd (of great value) [be-ddm ;


= without being bought as
be-ddm gihuldm] :
[beqimat = of no value].
Prick, chubhond, tr. (lightly; also of lancet; is men chdqu, etc, chubho-
do) : khmd karnd (
— the ears).
Prickly-heat, ghumauri, f. ; phit, f. (in Panjab).
Pride, ghurur, gen. {k.) (of possessions and things, etc.) takabbur, m. :

(arrogance) fakhr or n^z (k). (to pride oneself on a thing, etc.; in a


:

good sense) ; vide Conceit.


Prince, )
Shdh-zdda, m.; and Shdh-zddi, f. (princess).
Princess, )

Vrint, chhdprm^tv. (also to impress); chhdp dend or lagdnd (to make an


impression with a seal or die) .

Prison, qaid-khdna ; jeUkhdna; 'vide' Gaol.


Prisoner, asir (of war) :
qaidi (in arrest).
PRI 121 PRO

Private, khass ; nij ka ; zat% : tanhd,i men (in private; but khilwat men, in
a private room).
Privilege, ri'dyat, f. ; ri'dyati rukhsat, privilege leave. [a screen).

Privy, pd,e-khd7ia, m. [jdnd] ; jd-e zarur, f. (jdnd) ; tatti, f. (jdnd) vulg. (lit. 3400
Prize, in' dm, m. (also reward) vide Booty tuhfa, m. (a rare thing)
: :
;

chitthi kis ke ndm par nikld (who drew the prize ?) 'azlz rakhnd, v. ;

Probably, ghdlih hai ki



Probe, said, I (also antimony-bodkin ;
also one match) : mas^ala (hall k.) (a
point, question, dogma, etc.).
Problem, gutthi, f. (suljhdnd) (lit. an entangled skein).
Proboscis, sUnd, f. (of flies, etc; also trunk of elephant).
Procession, juliis, m. (this is a peculiar Urdu use of the word).

p .
'
.
>i'ldn, m. (k,) : munddi k. (by crier q.v.) : vide Advertise.

Procrastinate, dj kal karnd (to procrastinate, also to put another off by


repeated promises) tdl matol karnd (to put off another by promises).
:

Procurable, muyassar (k.) ; dastydh {h.)

Procure, baham pahunchdnd : hdsil k. (obtain, q.v.).


' '

Procuress, dalldla ; vide Pimp.


Produce, paidd-wdr m. (of cultivation) : vide Bring, Manufacture.

Productive, zar-khez (fertile) : bachcha-kash (of animals, and slightingly of


women).
ro ane,
Vxhudd ki shdn men be-adabi karnd ; kufr baknd.

Profess, izhdr karnd.


Profession, pesha, m.
Professor, purofesar, Eng.
Proficient, ld,iq: mdhir (expert).
Profit, vide Advantage.
Profligate, bad-kdr, gen. (of men or women) ; 'ayydsh.
Progress, taraqqi {k.) (also promotion).
Prolific, vide Productive.
Prolong, (of an argument, a line of rail).
tiil dend
Prominent, sar bar-dwurda (of people) nikld hu,d or ubhrd hu,d (protru- :

berant) vide Conspicuous.


:

Promise, wa'da, m. {k.) ; bachan, m. {dend) ; zabdn, f. (d.) ; qaul, m. (k.)


(but qaul karnd, to make a faithful promise) purd k. (to fulfil) —
tornd (to break = wa'da-khildfi karnd). — ;
; ;

Promote, taraqqi dend.


Prone, munh ke bal {girnd ; with a verb of motion or exertion) ;
but aundhd
or pat pard hond.
Pronounce, talaffuz karnd : yih lafz meri zabdn par nahln charhtd (I can't
pronounce this word).
Proof, dalil, f .
{Idnd, dend, or pesh karnd) (in argument) :
sabut, m. {dend
or pesh karnd) : vide Test and Witness.
16
PRO 122 PUL

Prop, tek, m.
Proper, mundsib : thxk (right) ;
vide Special.

Property, mdl, m. mdl asbdby m. ; ; jdy-ddd, f. (estate ; especially landed) :

yiasaiyat (peculiar quality).


Prophecy, peshtn-go,i {k.) (seldom used).
Prophet, nabt ; rasul (lit. an apostle) ; paigJiambar :
peshin-go (of ordinary
people) .

Propitiate, mandna.
Proportion, Hinduon Id ta'ddd ko Musalmdnon ki ta'ddd se kyd niabai hai
(what proportion do the Hindus bear to the MusUma ?).

Prose, na^Ty f.

Prosecute, us par muqaddama chaldyd jd^egd (


— he will be prosecuted) :

kartd rahnd or jdri rakhnd (continue).

Prosper, phulnd phalnd, lit. or met. : tumhen faldh nahin hogi (you won't
prosper).
Prosperous, phald phuld, gen. gulzdr (of cities) raunaq-ddr (of places). : :

Prostitute, randi ; kasbi ; qahba (lit. coughing) (all professional) fdhishct :

or chkindl (immoral not necessarily a professional);


.

Protect, '\vide Guard, Save :


pariah (f.) dend (to give protection or
Protection, J shelter to).
dend : vide Prolong.
Protract, tul
Protrude, ubharnd (to be prominent ; also to emerge) : nikalnd (to stick
out of things usually concealed).
;

Proud, magArur : mutakabbir (arrogant), but vide Pride :


bad-gosht (proud-
flesh).

Proudly, fakhr se or fakhriya (in a good sense) :


gJmrur se (in a bad sense).
' '

Prove, sdbit karnd ; vide Proof : vide Test, Examine.


Proverb, masal, f. {kahnd or baydn karnd) ; kahdwat, f.

Provide, vide Supply.


Province, suba, m.
'
Provision, vide Preparation khdne pine ki chlzen :
;
'
vide Food :
rasad, f. ,

rations or provisions for an army.

Provocation, f chher, f. {k.) (lit. teasing) :


chhernd, to provoke : vide Excite,
Provoke, ( Annoy .

' '

Proxy, vakdlat-an : vide Person.


Prune, chhdntnd, to clip.

Pry, to, jhdnk tdk karnd [jhdnknd to peep).


Publicly, sar-i bdzdr ; bar mala : vide Openly.
Publish, shdyi' karnd (books, etc. ; also news, etc.) : vide Proclaim.

Pudenda, sharm-gdh, f.

Pull, khinchnd.

Pulley, girni (also a kind of top spun by the hand).


Pulpit, mimbar, m.
Pulse, nabz, f. {dekhnd).
PUM 123 QUA

Pump, pdni kd bambd, gen. (a water-post with tap hambd = ;


also a pillar-
box for letters also the chimney of an engine or a mill).
;

Pumpkin, kadu, m.
Pun, jugat, i. (k,).
Punch, Guldho Shitdbo (two kath-putlis or puppets one is married and the ;

other ought to be they act in dialogue, and correspond to the


;
"
English Punch and Judy) Panch,'^ Eng. (all comic newspapers). :

Punctual, waqt kd pd-band (of people) waqt par dnd. :

Punish, \sazd dend : maut kl sazd (capital punishment) :


qardr-wdqvi
Punishment, J sazd (condign punishment).

Pup, pilld, m. and pilll, f.


Pupil, shdgird : putli (of eye).

Puppet, kath-putli.
Purchase, vide Buy and Obtain saudd, m. (things bought spec, daily ; ;

purchases, marketings).

Pure, khdlis or nirdld (not adulterated did, m., = alloy) vide Clear. ;
:

Purge, julldb, m. (dend).


Purify, sdf karnd.
Purple, baingni, (from the brinjal) : and udd, different shades of.
' '

Purpose, gharaz ; vide Object.


Purposely, jdn bujh kar ; qasd-an.
Purr, ghur-ghurdnd, intr.
Purse,hamydnl (for money only) tliaili (any bag) batu,d, m. : :
(a small
bag closing with a string) girah, f. met. (lit. knot). :

Pursue, pichhd karnd.


Pus, pip, f. ;
and rim, f. :
mawdd; sing., masc. (blood and pus, etc., etc.
in a wound).
Push, dhakelnd, tr (push from one, forwards); dhakkd dend, gen. (in any
direction) dhakkam dhakkd karke chald jdnd (to push one's way
:

through a crowd vid^ Elbow).


^
;

'

p \phus phus (puss pus) :


phusi (pussy).

Put, rakhnd ; dharnd ; dalnd.

Putty, putln, f., Eng. (?) (lagdnd).


'

Pygmy, sawd-bdlishtl ddml .


'
vide Dwarf.
Pyre, child, (of Hindus).
f.

Python, azhdahd, m. (also = a dragon).

Quack, nim-haklm, nim-mulld (quack in learning).


lit. :

a
Quadruped, char- pay or chau-pdya.
Quail, bater, m. and J/iwd, m. (different species)
;
bater-bdzl :
[k.) (quail-
fighting).
QUA 124 RAC

Qualification, liyaqai or qdbiliyat, f.

Quality, bat f. : vide Property :


Defect, etc., Merit, etc.

Quantity, miqdar, m. (amount, q.v.).


Quarantine, qarantinaf m., Eng. (?).

Quarrel, lara.t {k.) ; jhagrd {k.) ; qa^iya {k.) m. : vide Enmity : tu tu^ main
niaihy f. {k.) (in words).

Quarrelsome, jhagfdlu (in words) ; lardku gen.


Quarry, said, f. ; mdvy f., Panj.
Quart, ck ser (in rough measurement).
Quarter, c}iuuthd,i, f paune = | or a J minus sawd = a quarter
. : : -»- :

mahalla, m. (of a town) amdn, f. (also interjection), amdn dend. and


:

mdngnd, (to give or ask for quarter in a fight) muthbher, (f.) hond (to :

come to close quarters, and also to confront suddenly) sadr, m. (vulg. :

sadar) (head-quarters).
Queen, malika: rant.
Quench, bujhdnd, tr. (fire or thirst) thandd k. (fire) tel se dg nahin bujhti
: :

Prov. (
= fire is not quenched by tow) os se pyds nahin bujhti, Prov. :

Question, suwdl (k.) (also begging) vide Ask. :

Quibble, hila ; hila-e qdnuni (legal


— )
: hila-e shar^i (reUg. — ).

Quick, tez; jald-bdz (hasty) : vide Active and Alive.

Quickly, jald ; jaldi se.

Quicksand, chor-bdlH, f.

Quicksilver, pdrd. m.
Quiet, khdmosh or kam-sukhan (silent) :
gkcirib or miskin or sudhd (of
animals): vide Harmless: sanndtd, m., also adj. or sunsdn-pan, m.
(quietude, silence).
Quietly, chup-chdp ; dhista (also slowly and in a low voice) : chain se.

Quill, jxir ki qalam.

Quilt, razdJ, f, (light, for day- wear also): lihdf, m. (heavy; for night
only).
Quince, bihi.

Quinsy, khundq, m.
Quire, dasta (24 sheets).
Quit, vide Abandon, Depart.
Quite, bilkull :
purd : sardsar.

Quiver, to, tharthardnd (continuous ) tharrd-jdnd


— :
(for a moment =
kdnp-uthnd) tarkash, m. (for arrows).
:

Race, daur, f. gen ghur-daur, f. 'vide' Family: ghur-daur kd maiddn


: :

(the whole race-course) ghur-daur kd chakkar (the track) ghuf-daur;


:

kd ghord (race-horse).

1
i.e. tu tu instead of respectful Ap.
RAC 126 RAS

Rack, shikanja (a book-binder's press and also an instrument of torture) ;

main sJiikanje men kas-gaydy (** I'm squashed," said by a passenger on


an overcrowded railway seat).
Radish, mult : (turn kis khet kl mull ho kahna = to defy).
Raffle, chittM dalna.
Raft, herd, m.
Rag, chithrd, m. ; gudn, rags and tatters (of beggars, etc.).

Rage, taish men and, or dg hahuld hond :


jhalldnd (to fall into a passion
q.v.) :
'
vide' Anger and Wrath.
Ragged, phate Ml {meh)^ adj.
Raid, chhdpd, m. (mdrnd) (by night ').

Railing, katahrd, m. :
jangld, m.
Railroad, rel kx sarak.
Raiment, lihds, m. poshdk, f. vide Clothes. ; ;

Rain, menh {hond or parnd), m. bdrish, f. {hand) ; ; pdni, m. {parnd or


barasnd) : barsdt, f., Eng., the Rains.
Rainbow, kamdn, f. (any bow) dhanak, m. :

Raise, uthdnd : khard karnd (to make to stand) awdz unchl or haland :

karnd : ugdnd (to cause to grow) pdlnd, tr. (of cattle, etc.) diwdr : :

uthdnd, tr. ( —
a wall) murda zinda karnu or uthdnd (to raise the dead).
:

Raisin, kishmish, f. (Sultana) :


munaqqa, m. (big and black).
Rally, vide Collect.
'

Ram, mendhd (male of sheep) :


gaz se thosmi v. (* vide Cram).
Ramble, sair kartd phirnd.

Rampart, fasil, f. (an outer wall round a city or fort).


Ramrod, gaz, m. (also yard in length).
Rancid, umas-gayd.
Random, he thaur thikdne, adv. mdrd phirtd hai, he wanders at : random ;

atkal pachchu (at a venture).

Range, mdr, f. ; zad, f. (of a gun) tappd, m. (ditto). ;

'

*uhda, m.
'
Rank, darja, m. ;
:vide Line.

Rankle, hhalish k. (of a speech, etc.).

Ransack, vide Plunder : sab chizon ko ulat pulat karke dekhnd.

Ransom, fidya, m. :
khun-bahd, m.
Rap, khat khatdnd.
Rapid, iez (bahnd) (of a stream).

Rapture, be-khudi loajd men and. ;

Rare, nddir ; kam-ydb ; nd-ydb.


Rascal, vide Blackguard, Scoundrel, Mean, etc.

^''^^ Hasty :
mutahavvir, adj. {tahawur, subs.)
Rashness (

Rasp, reli, f. ; retnd, tr. verb.

The Pers. and T. chapaw and chapu do not give the idea of a night raid only.
RAT 126 REC
Rat, chuha, m. ; [and chuhi, mouse].
Rate, 6M,o, m. nirkh, m. (bazar rate)
; : turn kaprd kya hisdb ld,e (at what
rate did you buy the cloth ?)

Rather, vide Prefer qabul hai lekin bhikh


: mama mdngnd qabul vuhin (I
would rather die than beg).

Ratify, tasdtq k. (confirm).


Rations, rasad, f. rashan,
; f., Eng.
Rattle, karkafdnd, intr.
* '

Ravage, virdn k. ;
Plunder, vide etc.

Rave, ditvdnoh kl tarah bar mdrnd.


Raw, kachchd ; khdm.
Raze, dhdkar int se mt bajdnd : mismdr karnd.
Razor, usturd m.
Reach, pahunchnd (arrive): vide Attainment, Gain: pasdrndy tr. (extend
the hand) men pahunch se bdhar hai (it is beyond my reach).
:

Read, parhnd (to oneself; also to study, learn); pafhkar sundnd, or sund-
7id (to read aloud).

Ready, taiydr (of things or people) hdzir : hdzir-jawdb (ready in answer) ;


:

musWid (of persons only) kamar-basta or dmdda of people).


:
(

Real, asli or asl.

Reality, haqiqaty f.

Reap, kdind, tr.

Reaping-hook, drdnti or dardti.


Rear, alif hond (of a horse) pdlnd, tr. and or ko parwarish karnd (to
:
—H
l3ring up): Alldh drnin se pdlnd (to bring up carefully; lit. with
prayers) vide Train: pichhvdrd, m. (of a house) pichhd, m., gen. (as
: :

opp. to dga).
Reason, vide Cause idrdk or 'aql-i insdnl (opp. to 'aql-i haiwdni) sam^
: :

jhdnd (to reason with) vide Persuade. ;

Reasonable, ma'qul ; subs. ma'quUyat, f.


Rebel, bdgtM (also a mutineer) sar-kash (rebellious, disobedient) : : bar-
gashta, or bigrd hu,d, or phird hu,d (disaffected, seditious).
Rebellion, baghdwat, f. (also incorrectly mutiny) :
gjiadr, m. (mutiny) :

balwd, m. (riot). [chet).


Rebound, palatnd or paltd khdnd gen. .* uchatnd (prop, to glance off, ricco-

Rebuff, jhifki, f. {dend), or jhiraknd.


'

Rebuke, maldmat karnd, gen. (* vide Reproach).


Receipt, rasld, f., P. {likhnd or dend) : nuskha, m. (also prescription) ;

tarklb, f. (recipe).
Receive, milnd (in a visiting sense) vide Acceptance, Suffer : : mihmdn kd
istiqhdl karnd (to receive guests).
Receiver, thdngi, m. (
— of stolen goods) : rasivar Eng. leg. (in bankruptcy).

Rernti 1 ^^^
^ '
^^ ^^^^ (recently) : vide Fresh.

Reciprocal, bdhaml ; and do-tarfa ; tarafdin kd (mutual) ; ek dusre ko chdhte


hain (they love each other).
REC 127 REG

Recite, sundnd.

Reckless, be-parwd.

Reckon, vide Count, Estimate.


Recluse, gosha-nishm, gen. ;
khilwai-nishm (relig.).

Recognize, pahchdnnd : shindkht karnd.

Recoil, pichhe dtd rahnd but pichhe jdtd rahnd (to recoil away for one) .

Recollect, inde Remember.


Recommend, kisl ki, kisi se, sifdrish karnd ;
'
vide
'
Commit and Advice.
Recompense, taldfi {k.) ; vide Compensate.
Reconcile, mil-jdnd, or

ke dpas men mildp ho-jdnd (to be reconciled) :

qismat par sdbir o shdkir hond (to be reconciled to one's lot


= qismat
se rdzl hond).

Record, dafdtir, pi. of daftar (records) td ki sanad rahe ( so that there :


— —
may be a record of it) qalam band karnd (put down in writing).
:

Recovery, shifd, f. {pdnd) : mizdj kd ba-hdl hond.


Recreation, tafrih, f.

Recruit, rangrut, m., Eng. (mil.) : vide Enlist.

Rectify, vide Correct.


Red, Idl, H. and surhh, P. :
Idl-angdrd (red-hot ;
lit. a burning ember).
Redeem, chhurdvd (from pawn).
Reduction, takhfif, f. {k.).

Reed, kandd, m. (very high).


Reel, talmaldnd gen. (reel or stagger) :
dagmagdnd (to totter : of animate
or inanimate things).

Reference, hawdla derm (in correspondence, etc.) : vide Advice.

Refined, shdyistd (in manners).


Reflection, 'aks, m. (in mirror, etc.) ta'ammul, m. :
[k.) (a little
— ;
vide
Demur) :
gli^ur, m. (}c.) (deep reflection).

Reform, isldh, f. (A;.).

Refrain,
— se bdz rahnd ;
— se parhez karnd.
' '

Refuge, panMh, f. : vide Shelter.

Refugee, pandh-guzin.
Refusal, inkdr, m. {k.).

Refuse, fuzla, m.; raddi, adj. (waste): chhdntan, m. (what is left after
sorting and selection).
Refute, jhuthd sdbit karnd : radd karnd.
Regard, vide Respect, Esteem, Attention, Look :
— kd lihdz karnd.
Regimen, parhez, m. (med.)
Regiment, paltan, f. (of foot) :
risdla, m. (cavalry, spec, native) :
rigmint,
f. (Brit. Cavalry).
'

Register, rigistar^ m., bahi, f. ;


*
vide List :
rigistri kardnd (to register a
letter) .
REG 128 rem:

Regret, pachtdwa, m. or pdshenmm (for something done) ; hasral, i. (for


something that did not take place) riaddtnat, f (remorse or repen- : .

tance for something done) afsos^ m. in the Panjab arman, m., i*


: :

incorrectly used in this sense, vide Repent.


Regular, 6a qa*ida, gen. ; pakkd chor hai (he is a regular thief).

Regulate, mde Govern.


Regulation, qa'ida : fauji d,tn, m. (mil.
— ).

Reign, *amal'ddrt (k.) ; hukumat, f. {k,).


Reins, rds, L ; bag, f.

Reinstate, ba-hdl karrm.


Reject, na-inan7iUr karnd.
'

Rejoice, khushl mandnd :


'
vide Glad, etc.
Relate, haydn karnd :
riwdyat (f.) k. (in a relig. sense).

Relative, rishta-ddr, subs. , bha,t band, sing, or pi. ; qardbatl.


Relaxation, vide Recreation.
'

Release, rihdk. ; rihd,%d. : chhor nd snid chhurdnd, tr.,


*
vide Deliver, Free.
Relent, vide Pity, etc.
'

Reliable, muHabar :

vide Confidence.

Reliance, i'libdr, m. ; bharosd, m. :


tawakhtd, m. (upon God) : vide Confix
dence. [etc.).

Relic, tabarruk, m. (also sacred things brought from Mecca, Kerbela, etc..
Relief, vide Ease
chhutkdrd (from duty) badli (of Regiments).
: :

Relieve, dil kd bukhdr nikdlnd (to relieve one's mind, of anger, grief, re-
venge).
Religion, mazhaby m. [also = sect; dm, m., gen.: dharam, m. (for Hindus)] ;

but dJin aur dharam = Islam and Hinduism.


Religious, din-ddr (of MusHm) : dini (of acts, etc., etc.): mazhabl (of any
religion) : dharmi (only for Hindus) namdzi (always at his namdz).
:

Relinquish, vide Abandon.


Relish, sdlan, gen. (any thing eaten with bread)vide Enjoy. :

Reluctant, is kdm karne ko merd


ard hu,d (jibbing). jt ruktd hai :

Remain, vide Stay, Dwell; bachmi or bdqi ra^wa (to be left over) pichhe :

rah-jdnd (remain or be left behind) but chhuUjdnd (to be left behind, ;

involuntarily).
Remainder, bdqi.
Remedy, Hldj, m. {k.) ; chdra, m. dawd, f. vide Reparation. ; ;

Remember, ydd, {(.), k. (to recall to mind) ydd rakhnd (keep : in mind) :

mujhe ydd hai (I remember).


Remembrance, ydd-gdr, m. (token) nishdni^ f. (ditto). ;

' '

Remonstrance, iHiraz {k.) ; vide Objection.


Remiss, vide Delay.
Remorse, naddmat, f.
Remote, dur dardz kd.^
1 Bahut dur
hai, but dur ka mulk : diir is used as an adjective when there is no-
noun, otherwise the adjective is dur ka.
REM 129 RES

Remove, uthkar chald-jdna (to another house) : vide Take away and Shoe.
Rend, phdrnd or chdk karnd (to tear or spUt, either by hand or by an instru-
ment) chtmd (to saw or spUt with an instrument) phdrkar khdnd
: :

(of a wild beast).

Rendezvous, addd or akhdrd (gen. for bad characters) : vide Perch, Arena.

Renegade, murtadd (from Islam) ghaddEr (traitor; also one that fights :

'

against his own people) namak-hardm sipdhl : vide Deserter. '


:

'

Renew, na,e sire se karnd : vide Repair, Begin again.


'

Renounce, chhor-dend ; lark karnd ; se hdih uthdnd, vide Abandon — ' '

da'wq uthu-lend ( a claim). — :

Rent, chdk, m. (in cloth or paper) vide Split: kirdya (of house or land)
— dend, to
kirdye (par) lend (but
;

let).
:

Repair,
— ki marammat karnd — ko durust karnd. :

Repairable, qabil-i marammat.


Reparation, gen.
taldjt, f., tdwdn, m. (in money) dand, m. (reparation in
: :

money ;
also a penalty; in both cases fixed by a community).

Repartee, hazir-jawdbt ,
subs. :
hdzir-jawdb adj. ,

'

Repeal, mansuM, k. ; vide '•


Cancel.

Repeat, pihir kahnd (to say the same thing again) but " repeat this after ;

me "Ms jaisd main kahun tum hhi kaho, or jaisd main kahtd jd^un turn
hhi kahle jd,o : duhrdnd (to say a second time ; also to repeat some-
thing to a third person) ratnd (say over and over again, as a lesson)
: :

vide Parrot.

Repeatedly, bdr bdr (f.) gen. : bdr-hd (of past time) ; mukarrar (a second
time).
Repent, tauba karnd (of sin) also main ne tauba ki = 1 won't do this again
:

(of sin or any ordinary act) hath malnd (to regret, q.v.). :

Repine,
— —
par jhurnd, or ko dekh-kar jhurnd (pine, wither): vide Com- 3650
plain.
' '

Report, vide Information ; raport karnd : vide Rumour, Sound, State-


ment.
Reprieve, vide Respite. [ing).

Reprimand, words only) 'itdb (m) k. (in words or writ-


jhiraknd Tscold, in ;

Reproach, shikdyat k. (of superior) maldmat k. (of intimate, equals, or :

inferiors vide Rebuke).


;

Republic, jamhuri saltanat.


Repudiate, vide Renounce qarz add karne se sdf inkdr karnd (to refuse to
:

pay one's debts but qarz se inkdr k., to deny a debt).


;

Resemblance, mushdbahat ,
i.

Resemble, mushdbih hond : wuh ek dusre se milte julte hain (they resemble
each other).
Resent, —kd burd mdnnd.
Resentment, ranj o ghussa.
Reserve, rakh-chhornd (to put aside) : rok-rakhnd — ' *
rizarv
' '
karnd =
khdss karnd.

1 As in making a witness take an oath.

17
RES 130 REV

Reservoir, {pant ka) khazana.


Residence, sukunat, f. (place of).
Resident, sakin ; rahne-mdld : bashinda.
Resign, isti'fd, (m.) dend ; naukart chhornd.
Resignation, sabr, m. (in trouble).
Resin, rdl, f.

Resolute, mustaqil mizdj.


Resolve, iajmz, (f.) (finding of a Committee or a Court) : vide Decide and
Determination.
Resound, gunjnd (echo).
Resources, doulat aur saltanat ke sdmdn .

Respect, adaby m. (k.) ; ta'zlm, f. {k.) : Hzzat, f. vide Honour har tarah
se (in every respect) ke bare :
— men
(k) ;

(with respect to).


:

Respectable, zl-'izzat; mu'azzaz.


Respectful, bd-adab.
Respite, muhlat, f.

Responsible, jawdb-dih, or zimma-wdr.


Rest, chain, m., or drdm, m. (also comfort) qardr, m. (as opp. to motion) : :

vide Remainder and Stay, Sojourn, etc. dam lend (to rest for a few :

minutes).
Restless, be-qardr (in mind only) be-chain (of : mind or movement) : chan-
chal (in movement inattentive). ;

Restrain, roknd, tr. (anger, etc.; also stop): vide Stop, Confine :
gjLUSsa
dabdnd or ghontnd or pl-jdnd (to restrain anger).
Restrict, qaid lagdnd.
Resurrection, hashr, m. ; roz-i qiydmat, m.
Retail, )
Jchurda-faroshi k. (as opp. to thok-faroshi k.) ; khurda-farosh (re-
Retailer, i tailer).

Retire, pichhe hatnd (recede) naukart se kindra-kash hond :


; pinshan lend ;

dunyd se kindre-kash hond (to retire from the world).


Retired, pinshant, vulg. ; pinshan-ydfta wazifa-khwdr (pensioner).
:

Return, phirnd intr. and phernd tr. palatnd intr. (and tr.) ; wdpas jdnd
and hond ; lautnd (tr. lautdnd)
;

; laut-jdnd and

and : wdpasl kirdya
(return hire).
Reveal, {kisl par) kholnd, tr. and khulnd, intr. ; gihctib se khulnd.
Revel, maza lutnu (without an object; enjoy to the fuH.in the company
of persons only) : Ichub maza requires an object
lend, gen. (revel in :

with se) : maza urdnd (to enjoy oneself thoroughly with or without ;

an object).
Revenge, badld, (m.) lend; intiqdm (m.), lend.
Revengeful, shutur-ldna ; kina-parwar : kapti (lit. deceitful).
Revenue, mdl-guzdri (on land) dmadani (total income or revenue :
;
also
= imports).
REV 131 RIS

Revere, huzurg jannd : ta'ztm k. (in mind and in actions) : manna {in mind).
Reverse, ulat-dena :
zak, f. (uthdnd) (mil.).

Review, revlw, m. Eng. (on books). ,

Revile, burn kahnd : hadi ke sdfh ydd karnd.

Revise,
— par nazar-i sdni k. : dmokhta parhnd (an old lesson).
Revive, hosh men dnd : phir tdza hond (of flowers) but tdza-dam hond ; (of
persons).
Revoke, pher lend, (of a promise) : vide Cancel.

Reward, in'dm, m. (dend) : jazd, f. {milnd) (gen. in good or bad sense) ; :

ajar, m. (of God only) sawdb, m. (in the next world). :

Rheumatism, gathyd, f. hd,i, f. ;

Rhinoceros, gendd, m. gendi, f. ;

Rhyme, tuk, f., H. qdfiya^ m. :

Rhymster, tuk-handi karne-wdld.


'
reshmi jita : dhajji (any strip of cloth).
R'bb
Rice, chanwal, m. (without husk) :
dJmn, m. (with husk) :
hhdt, m. (cooked
rice) pich, f.
:
(rice-water).
Ricochet, goli tappd khd-ga,l : vide Rebound. 3700
Rich, amir ; rml-ddr ; daulat-mand (wealthy) :
bhdg-wdn (by Hindus ; lit.

fortunate) vide Fertile.


:

Riddle, paheli, ht. mu'ammd, m., (enigma) lit. and fig.


;

Ride, sawdr hond charhd hu,d hond : main sawdr gayd (I rode there).
;

Ridicule, kisl par hansrwi, or kisi par tdliydn bajdn^: kisi ki hansi urdnd.
Ridiculous, is khiydl par hansi dti hai — khiydl-i hhdm.
Rifle, rafal, f., Eng.
Rig, ek-andiyd (of horse).
'

Right, sidhd (also straight) haqq, m.


'
: thlk ; durust : vide Correct, Fit :

(claim).
Righteous, Khudd-iars (God-fearing) vide Religious. :

Rigid, kasd hu,d: sahht or akrd hu,d (of a corpse): kdth ho-gayd (from
fear) sahht (in principles) [also expressed by a paraphrase].
: :

Ring, chhalld, m, (of metal) halqa (any loop or circle) . :


chakkar, m. {skny-
thing circuitous) anguthl (with a nag or signet in
; it) ; ghantd bajdnd
(to ring a bell or strike a gong).

Ringworm, ddd, f.

Rinse, kulli karnd (


— of the mouth).
Riot, balwd, m.
Ripe, pakkd or pukhtd (also cooked).
Ripple, lahr, f.

Rise, uthnd : uth khard hond (to stand up) baland or unchd hond or :

charhnd (of a kite or a bird) phutkar nikalnd (or a river at its source) •


:
;

vide Flood nikalnd or tulu' hond (of sun) vide Originate


: kd : :

dam charhnd (rise in price vide Dear). ;


RIS 132 '
ROT
* '

Risk, Uiatra : jokhoh or jokhim (f.) {men parnd) ; vide Danger.


Rites, rit rasm, f.

Rival, ; donon men lag ddnt hat (


raqib = riqabat i.\ lag opposition and
I
Rivalry, )
dant chiding).
River, nadi or naddi (in Hindi a stream or river, but in Urdu a stream) :

darya, m. (river).
' '

Rivet, tdnkna or tankd lagdna (with wire) ribit karnd. [Street. :

Road, safak, f. (big public way) rasta or rdsta, gen. (any way) vide : :

Roan, garrd, red roan chint or china, any colour with white flecks or
:

specks in it chambd having splashes of white garrd chamhd, a red


: :

roan splashed with white.


Roar, dakdmd (of tiger ;of men in anger) sher-dami karnd (of a horse) : :

thatthdmdrna (to roar with laughter) gAurrdnd, intr. (to growl lit. ; ;

and met.).
Roast, kabdb k. (of meat only ; over a fire) bhunnd, tr. : and bhunnd, intr.
(to roast, to fry, and to parch ; to roast coffee).

Rob, lutnd.tr. (by force) chori karnd (by stealth) vide Dacoit, etc., and
: :

Break througn.
Robber, ddku ; baUmdr (highway man) luteru (plunderer). :

Robe, qabdy f. (of no special pattern) khiVat, m. (a robe of honour,'


'
:

which may consist of only a handkerchief) .

Robust, hatta kattd (sound and well, spec, of young men) mold tdza ;
(of
young or old) qam tawdnd, gen. (ditto) vide Sturdy and Alive.
: :

Rock, chatdn^f., gen.: bard patthar pahEr, m. (in sea)


^
: :
dagmag karnd,
intr. (also to hesitate) and hildnd, tr.

Rocket, hatod,t, f., or dsnmn-tdrdy m.

Whip, Mace
*

Rod, chhafi : vide' Stick, : bansi (fishing-rod ; also locally a


fish-hook.)
Rogue, vide Blackguard, Scoundrel.
Roll, lurhkdnd, tr., and lurhaknd, intr. belnd or belan :
phernd (of dough) :

rolar phernd (of roads) vide Wrap. :

' '

Roof, ) chhat, (ddlnd) f. : vide Palate :


pdtnd (to roof) ; paid hit, a, adj.
Roofed, i (roofed).
*'
Room, kamrd, m. : kothri (a small room or a cell ;
kdli kothrl the Black
Hole ") :
jagah, f.
(space).
Roomy, kushdda.
Root, jar, f. ; bekh, f. :
{jar se) ukhdrnd (to root up, eradicate); bekh-kani
k. (ditto but met. only).
Rope, rassd, m., and rassl : dor, f. and dorl : kamand, m. (a rope ladder). ,

Rope-dancer, nat (a Hindu caste) nat-bdzi (rope- dancing). :

Rosary, tasbihy f. (Muslim or Christian) :


mdld, m. (Hindu ; also a necklace).

Rose, guldb, m. (also rose-water) :


guldbl, adj. (the colour).
Rossette, phul, m. (lit. flower).
Rot, sar-jdnd ; gal-jdnd (prop, to go to pieces in cooking).
1 But dagmaganU to totter and also to hesitate.
ROT 133 . RUM

Rotten, sara ; gala ; hosida (hona).

Rottenness, saran, f. ; hosidagi.


Rough, khurdura (to the touch) : vide Uneven rukhd (not poUte
: also of ;

an answer) : inoia (of kam) : sarsari takhmlna (a rough estimate).


' '

Round, gol : vide Oval, CyHndrical, Around, Circle.


Roundabout, peek kd ; pech-ddr ; pher phdr kd (indirect): chdron taraf,
adv. (on all sides, encircling).

Roundness, gold,i.

Rouse, jagdnd or uthdnd, tr. 3750


Rover, awdra bad sense) Tchdna ba-dosh.
(gen. in :

Row, vide Line vide Noise, Tumult: khend, tr., gen. (make a boat go)
: :

ddnd mdmd, tr. (to row Enghsh fashion).


Royal, sfiuM or bddshdhl, adj. shdhdna, adj. and adv. {like kings). :

Rub, malnd, tr. masalnd, tr. (to rub with force with the hand, or crush
;

with the hand) mdlish karnd (with an oil or embrocation) ghis-jdnd,


: :

intr. (and ghisnd, tr.) (to be worn): ragarnd, tr., and ragar khdnd,
intr., to abrade, excoriate ; also to grate).

Rubber, rabar, m. (India rubber).


Rubbish, kurd or kurd kurkat, m. (sweepings and rubbish) :
malbd, m.
(debris of a building, etc.) vide Nonsense. :

Ruby, la'l^ m. :
ydqut, m.
Rudder, patwdr, m. ; sukkdn, m.
Rude, be-hangdm (primitive, etc; of people) : rukhd and Tchushk (of man-
ners) ;
vide Uncivil and Ill-mannered.
Rudeness, gustdkhi (impertinence) shokhl (sauciness) dhithd,i (boldness
: :

and rudeness) :
bad-akhldqi or rukhd-pan (opp. to civility).
Rudiments, usul, gen., sing., masc; qd'ide pi.
Rug, qdlicha small carpet) jd,e-ndmdz (prayer- carpet or mat, etc.)
(a ; ;

gillm, m. (without pile) namda (felt) d^rl (of cotton) shatranfi (orig. : : :

for playing chess on).

Ruin, khardbl ; tabdhi ; bar-bddl : satydndst (utter destruction): pd,e-mdlt


(lit. being trodden under foot) zawdl, m. (decline) Tchdna-hhardbi (of : :

a family) khandardt, m., pi., or khandar, m.,8ing. (of buildings, etc.)


; :

mrdna (a ruin and also a desolate place).


Ruin, to, khardb, etc. k. ; mismdr k. (level to the ground) ;
vide Destroy and
Raze.
Ruinous, tabdhhdl; tabdh-hdlat men: bar-bddl or tabdhi Idne-wdld (of ex-
pense, etc.).
Rule, qdHda {bdndhrid or ^nuqarrar k.) (regulation, q.v.) qdnun, m. (law, :

q.v.) tariqa (custom, q.v.); vide Govern: rul, m., Eng. (a ruler for
:

lines) ;
rul dend
'

Ruler, hdkim ;
'
vide Govern and Rule.
Rum, ram shardb, f.

Rumble, gur gur (or qur qur, k. (of stomach) ; qardqur k. (ditto) :
qhar-
ghardhat, f.
(of heavy vehicles; of distant thunder).
Ruminate, vide Cud.
RUM 134 SAI

Rumour, aftudh, f. ; Ufti khahar, f. : bad hawa.l khabaren ufdnd = khabaren


gafhnd, tr. (false rumours) ; charchd, m. {k.) (general talk of) : bdzdn
gap, f. (bazar gossip).
Run, daurnd, intr., and daufdnd, tr. bhdgnd (run away :
; vide Flee) : vide
Abscond, Disappear vide Melt, Pursue. ;

Runaway, bhagord (from fight) :


firdrl (absconder) :
bhaggu (habitual run-
away).
Rung, da7idd, m. (of ladder; any thick stick).
Running, bardbar or lagdtar (in succession) : db-i rawdn running water) (

khatt'i shikasta (a running hand = ghastt, f.).

Rupture, phut, f. :
fitq, m. (the injury).
Ruse, dd,on ghdt.
Rush, jhapatnd, intr. (also to pounce upon): pilnd, intr.,' dhas-parnd
(prop, to sink into mud) ghus-parrm (to rush into) relkar-jdnd [relm : : ,

intr., is to butt with the head).

Rust, zang, m. morcha, m.


phuphundl (mildew).
;
:

Rusty, zang-lagd hu,d; morcha khdyd hu,d.

Sabre, talwdr, f. {mdrnd; but with chaldnd to aim a blow with a sabre).
Sack, bora, m. ; gifiirai karnd, v. : vide Plunder.

Sacred, pdk; muqaddas.


Sacrifice, qurbdnl k. (animal), but qurbdn k. gen. (living or dead) baliddn :

k. (living)bal dena (to bury


: an animal or human being alive in the
foundations of a building to make it durable) vide Victim. '
:

Sad, udds ; dil-gir : vide' Sorrowful.


Saddle, kdihl /. or zin, m. {bdndhnd or kasnd).
Saddle-backed, ztn-pusht; kachchi (i.e. from Cutch).
Saddle-bags, khurjm, m.
Saddler, ztn-sdz (gen.) :
mocht, m. (the caste that works in leather).
Safe, saldmat: sahih saldmat.
' '

Safety, saldmatt : vide Protection.

Safe-conduct, badraqa.
Saffron, za'fardn, m.; kesar, m.
Sage, hakim (philosopher) vide Wise, :

Sail, bdd-bdn or pal, m. ( kholnd to set sail) jahdz men safar karnd,
;
— : v. ;

kishii men duryd k% sair karnd (for pleasure).

Sailor, khaldsi (a native sailor ;


also a tent pitcher) : a European sailor is

usually called jahdzi gord.


Saint, buzurg (gen.) pir or wall (a Muslim saint) : darvesh (a dervish) : :

rishl or muni (Hindu) ; sddhu, jogi, sanydsi, and bairdgi are classes of
Hindu ascetics.
I It is still commonly believed that the English bury Indians alive under the
pillars of any new bridge.
SAL 135 SCA

f• f.
Sale, hikrti / farokht,
Salient, hahar ka kond (vulg. ; oppos. to andar ka kona re-entrant angle).

Salt, \namak, m., or Ion, m. namak-ddn (salt-cellar) samandar kd klm : :

Salted, / (
=an old salt) khan or shor, adj. (of water or land) namkin
: ;

(salted) and namkin k. (to salt, to pickle).

Salutation, saldm, m., or tasEm, gen. (karnd ; but with kahnd = present f.,

my compliments to) handagl (k.) (to superiors of any sect not used
:
;

by strict Muslims) Ram Ram {kahnd) (to equals) and parndm {k.) (to
:

gurus and pandits) are common Hindu forms salami (with guns). :

Salvation, najdt, f. : mukti fauj (Salvation Army). 3800

Salve, marham, m.
'

Same, vmhi Hind. Man., page 22, line


'
: vide 12.

Sample, namuna, m., gen. :


bdngi (of grain) : vide Pattern.

Sanction, manzurt, f.

Sand, reg or ret or bdlu, m. :


retld, adj. (sandy).
Sandal, sandal, m. ; chandan, m. ; ret-ghan or bdlu-ghan (sand-glass).
Sand-grouse, bhaUtUar or barr-tltar.

Sarcasm, vide Taunt.


Sash, jdl, m., mil. rumdl, m. (any ornamental piece of silk
: worn on the
shoulder, etc.)
Satan, Shaitdn ; Iblis.

c f^*^' \ser karnd (to feed to satisfaction) :


serl, sabs. : vide Tired.

Satin, atlas, m. ; sdta7i, m., Eng.


Satire, hajv, f. (k,).

Satisfaction, taskin, f. or tasalll (properly consolation) :


itmirmn, m., or
'

Compensation and Damages.


'

diljama'l : vide

^^'''''' ^''^^-
sftisfactorUy,}^^^'''*-^'^^^
Satisfied, merd itmindn ho-gayd: '
vide' Sufficient.
Saturday, sanlchar, m., gen. hafta, m. (Muslim). :

Sauce, 'sds,' m., Eng.: chatni (chutney).


Saucy, shokh.
Saucer, pirich, f. (for tea; with cup) : tashtarl (without cup).

Saunter, vide Ramble.


Savage, wahshi or jangli : kattar (biter of horse) ;
: khun-khwdr (of lion and
of blood-thirsty people) vide Vicious. :

Save, bachdnd, vide' Salvation and Release: pas-anddz k. or bachd-


tr. ;
'

rakhnd (lay up or lay by)


jama' k. (ditto). ;

Saw, dra, m. (chaldnd) : burdda (saw-dust also filings). ;

Say, kahnd {kisi se ; but with ko = to order also to compose poetry ; ;

always of articulate speech vide Hind. Man., pp. 43 and 94), bolnd, ;

(gen. of inarticulate speech vide Hind. Man.) vide Order, Repeat. ;


:

Scab, khurand, f. ; thikari, (in Pan jab ;


lit. a potsherd).
SCA 136 SCR

Scabbard, miyan, m. (of sword).


Scaffold, machan, m. {vide Platform) ; paf, m. (hdndhna).
Scald, jahid, iiitr., and jaldnd, tr. (lit. to burn, etc.).

Scald-headed, ganja.
Scale )
r^''^^' *^- 5 P«^^« (o>^e side): chhilkd, m. (of fish).
Scales

Scandal, bad-go^t (k.) (spec, by women).


Scar, c^^, m.
' '

Scarce, kam-yab : vide Rare.


Scarcely, expressed with na and pand, but vide Hind. Man., p. 181 («).

Scarcity, girdnt (a year of scarcity) ;


kdl or qaht, m., lit. or met. ;
vide
Famine.
Scarlet, qirmizt, adj.

Scatter, chhintnd (of seed) : fitor ftz'tor ^. or tm terah k. (disperse) :


phaildnd
(spread out) ;
hikherrm (ditto ; opposite to sametnd).
Scene, samdn, m. parda (in theatre)
: vide Sight. :

Scenery, manzar, m. (of a country).


Scent, bu or mahak, f. bu bds, f. vide Perfume ;
: : bu pdnd (to smell ;
of
wild animals).
Scented, khush-bu-ddr ; mu' attar.
Sceptic, shakki ; wasivdst.

Sceptre, asd, m. ; sontd, m. (also club).

Schemer, tadhlriya, adj. (gen. in bad sense) mudabbir (in good sense). :

'
Scholar, 'dlim ; fdzil (more than 'dlim) : vide Pupil. ''

School, maktab, m. (primary) madrasa (a high school or a college) :


iskul, :

m., Eng. (an Enghsh-teaching school) pdth-shdld, f. (primary Hindu) : :

ustdd, gen. (schoolmaster vide Teacher) Mdstar (Eng. Master) mi' ;


: :

ydnjl (in a maktab) ; maulam (teacher of Ar. and Per.) Pandit (of :

Hindi, Sanskrit or Bengali) ustdrii (a school-mistress) dtu (governess). : :

Schoolboy, iskuli larkd.


School-fellow, ham-maktab.
3850 Science, 'llm, m. (knowledge) :
'

sd,ins,' m., Eng. (= science).


Scissors, qainchl, f., T. ; miqrdz, f., Ar.
Scold, ddntnd (with noise) ddntnd dapatnd
:
(to scold much and loudly).
Scorch, jhulasnd, tr., and jhulas-jdnd, intr.
Score, bisi or kori.
Scorn, vide Contempt.
Scorpion, bichchhu, m.
Scoundrel, badma'dsh, gen. luchchd, gundd, and shuhdd (professional)
; ;
bad-
loaza' or bad-chalan (of bad character; a mild term).

Scout, iskaut, m., Eng.


Scramble, rupiya, etc., lutdnd, tr. (to throw to be scrambled for) ;
— lutnd,
tr. (to scramble for).

Scrape, khurachnd.
SCR 137 SEE

Scratch, chhilnd, tr. ; chhilna, intr. ; khardsh, f. {dend and lagnd).


Scrawl, vide Crabbed.
-Scr«eam, chinghdrnd, intr. (of elephants ;
from fear) but chinghdr yndrnd (of
humans or other animals) chikh : mdrnd (from fear or sorrow, but
not from anger not so forcible as previous) ; ; chilchnd, intr. (gen. to ;

call out, make a noise, to shrill, etc., etc. of anger, sorrow, fear, ; etc.).

Screen, tatii (hurdle, etc. outside screens) ; :


ot, f. gen. :
parda (a hanging) :

vide Chiq and Cover,


:

Screw, 'pech, m. {se hand karnd) ; pech lagdnd (to put in a screw) :
pech
kasnd (screw up).
Scribble, dhar-ghasitnd or ghasit-dalnd (to scribble off).
Scrotum, khusiye H thaili.
Scuffle, hdthd pd^i {k.) (slight) :
dhmgd mushti (k) : vide Struggle.
Scum, phen, or jhdg, m. (also foam of the sea).

Scurf, rust.
Scurvy, masurhe kl himdri (amongst Sepoys ; lit. disease of the gums).
Sea, samundar, m. kd kindra ( shore). ;
— —
Seal, muhr, f. (lagdnd or karnd).
Seam, darz, f. (of cloth or boards).
'
Search, taldsh
'

(f.), just o jii (f.), k. ; dhundhnd, tr.


k. ; ; vide Examine,
Enquire; kist ki taldshi lend (to search a person), hhdna-taldshl k.
(to search a house).

Season, mausim, m. ; rut., f. ; fast, f. (for fruits or crops).


Seat, dsan^ m. (on horse- back ;
also place of sitting also any one of the ;

thirty- two Hindu postures in copulation) bithand (to make to sit to :


;

drive in).

Second, taJd k. (a motion).


Second-hand, masraft or isti'mdli.
Second- sight, ghdih-ddn, adj. and ghaih-ddni, subs.
Secret, hhed or rdz, m. c[haib, adj. (what is hidden). :

Secretion, badan ki rutubat (lit. dampness of the body).


Sect, firqa, m. :
guroh, m. (also a body) ; jamd'at, f. (also party).
Secure, vide Safe, Careless, Certain and Possession.
Security, w'c^e Protection :
amdnat,f. (surety, in kind); and zdmin (the
person).
Sediment, til-chhat, f.
gen, (orig. of oil only).
Sedition, jasdd, subs., m. vide Mutiny and Disaffected.
:

Seditious, jasddi (of people) bdghiydna (of an article, a speech). ;

Seduce, vide Incite bahkdnd, tr. (lead from the right course) bigdrnd, tr,
: :

(of a virgin lit. to spoil). ;

' '
See, dekhnd, tr. Look, Meet, Visit.
; vide
Seed, bij, m. or tukhm, m. (of plants) nutfa, m. (human; ; vide also Semen).
Seek, dhundnd, tr. ; talash k. :
khojnd, tr. (also to track) : vide Ask for.

Seem, ma'lum hond ; zdhir hond (but sdf zdhir hond to be evident) : vide
Appear.
18
SEI 138 SET

Seize, vide Apprehend, Catch -par jhapatnd (to pounce on ; ; also to rush) :

tr. (take by force)


chhtnlena, vide Confiscate. :

Seldom, ittifaq se ; ham.


Select, chunnd^ tr. ; irUik^db k. ; ckhdnt-lend : pasand kar-lend.
Selfish, khud- g[^raz ; ghfirzi ; khud-mailab ; gharaz kd banda (a slave
)

Selfishness, \ to self) khud- giiarazt ; khud-matlabt, subs.


:

Sell, bechnd, tr. and biknd, intr. ; farokht k.

Semen, warn, f. ; dhdt, f., H. ; pdni, m., vulg. : vide Seed.


3900 Send, ratvdna k. ; bhejnd, tr. ; pahunchwdnd : buld-bhejud, tr. (to send for a
person ; vide Summon) mangd-bhtjnd, . tr. (to send for articles).
Senior, 'umr (f.), etc. men bard.

Sense, hiss, f., pi. hawdss, m. (the senses) : ma'mvM samajh.i. (common-
sense; a modern term).
Senseless, be-hosh (in a stupor) : be-hiss (numb, q.v. ;
lit. and fig.).

Sensual, nafs-parast, gen. : shahwatt (spec, of lust).


Sentence, hukm^ m. (of Judge) :
tajwlz, f. (of Court, etc.) :
jumla (in book).
'
Sentry, santarl, m. ; pahra-wdla ;
'
vide Watchman and Patrol.
' '
Separate, judd k. ; alag k. ; 'alahada k. ; vide Interpose.
Separation, /l*cia,^ ; 'alqhadagt.
Series, silsila (lit. chain ;
also range of mountains).

Serious, vide Important : ahamm kdm (a serious affair) ; vide Earnest :

sanjida (in manner).


Sermon, wa'z, m. {karnd or kahnd) (any sermon) khutba {kahnd or parhnd} :

(a part of the Friday service or the marriage service).

Servant, naukar : naukar chdkar, pi. khddim (by the vulg. used only^ :

metaphorically) khidmat-gdr (a body servant) muldzim (of rank,


: :

such as an official sarl^ri muldzim, a Government servant) vide ;


:

Slave Khudd kd banda (servant of God also creature of God).


:
;

Serve, khidmat k. gen. (also to look after) : naukrl k. (work for, on hire).

Service, naukrl :
muldzamat, f. :
khidmat, f. (attendance).
'

Serviceable, kdm ke ld,iq :


'
vide Useful.

Session, seshan, m., Eng. (of Court) :


ijlds, m. (ditto).
Set, lagdnd (to attach) vide Place jarnd^ tr. (of jewels vide Imbed) :
:
; ;

/amna, intr., and jamdnd, tr. (curdle, etc.): pakkd hond (to become^
hard of cement) vide Appoint jornd, tr., and jurnd, intr. (of broken
; ; :

hone) bithdnd, tr. (of dislocation): set, m., Eng. (of buttons, tea-
',

things, etc., etc.); for set out vide Start. :

Settle, videFix, Place, Determine: faisala k. (adjust or decide a dispute,


etc.): basnd, intr., gen.
= ghar karnd (to take up one's abode perma-
nently) dbdd hond (ditto, of a number only) mulk men aman chain
;
:

ho'jdnd (after an insurrection, etc.) baithnd (settle gradually, of :

earth; also become clear, of liquids) chukdnd, tr., or add k. (of debts). :

Settlement, band o bast, m. (of revenue) mahr, m. (on a wife) nau-dbddv : :

{qdyim k. or h.) (colony): tasfiya {k.) (of a dispute): chukdna or


chukautd, m. {k.), or dddkdri (of debts).
Settler, basne-mdld.
SEV 139 SHE
'

Several, chand ; ka,i, or ka,i ek ; ba'z or ba'zi ; do char :


'
vide Few and
Various.
Severe sakht, gen.) : tez or shadld (of abstract things) : tund (of wind or
temperament).
Severity, sajchti f.
; shiddat,
Sew, sind, tr.

Sewing, sila,i :
sild,l ki kal (sewing machine). [sex).

Sex, fins, f. (also = species ;


and stuff, goods) : 'aurcU {ki) zdt (the female

Sexual,mard 'aurat se muta'alliq : suhbat, f., or ham-bistarl intercourse). (



Shade, chhdnw or chhd,on, f. (ddlnd) : sdya {ddlnd) : (also shadow, iq. v.) :

vide Screen.

Shadow, parchhd,in, f. :
sdya (also = shade).
Shady, sdya-dur.
Shaft, bam, m. (of carriage).

Shake, hilnd,mtr., and hildnd : dagmagdnd, intr., and dagmagd-derm ,


tr. (to
totter q.v., or rock) vide Tremble hdth mildnd, : : tr. (shake hands) :

jhdrnd, tr. (to remove dust; also


= to brush).
Shallow, uthld (of dishes or the container ') thord pdnihai = ddml pdydb ;

jd'Saktd hai, or dubd,o pdni nahm hai, (of water vide Ford). ;

Sham, naqli (opp. to aslt).

Shame, ^Csharm, f. Idj, f., and hayd, f. (also


(also shyness, q.v.)
= a sense :

of honour) nang, m. (honour, a sense of shame ^ also


:
= disgrace) :

khijdlat or sharmindagi (feeling shame) sharmdnd (intr. to feel shy, :

but tr. to make ashamed) sharminda k. : vide' Disgrace. ;


'

Shamefaced, sharminda-ru (from wrong doing).


Shameful, sharm k% bdt.
Shameless, be-sharm ; be hayd :
be-gliairat (without a sense of honour).
Shampoo, pd,on dabdnd, tr. (a kind of massage) mukkl lagdnd, tr. (by pom- :

mehng) badan fipnd (by pressing) malnd, tr. (rub).


: :

Shape, shakl, f. (also = face) daul, f. vide Appearance and Mould. ;


:

Shapely, tarah-ddr (spec, for humans ;


also of buildings, but not of ani-
mals) hhush-waza' gen.
; ,

Share, hissa, m. ; bdnt, f. : vide Divide ;


hissa-ddr (shareholder).

Sharp, tez: nukild (pointed) :


tez-nigdh (sharp- sighted) :
tez-fahm (sharp-
witted).
' '

Shave, mundnd, tr. ;


vide Peel.

Sheath, miydn, m. (for sword) :


ghildf, m. (of horse).

Shed, sdya-bdn, m.
Sheep, bher, f. gen. ; bheri, f. (ewe) ; bherd or mendhd (ram) :
dumba, m.
(fat-tailed sheep) ; dumbi, f.

Sheet, chddar, f. ; tahhta (of paper ;


ht. plank).

Sheldrake, chakwd, m., and chakwi, f. ; surkhdb, m., Panj.


Shelf, birdkit, m., Eng. (prop, a bracket) ; %,
m. (a niche in a wall).

Not of the contained : is da ya kl tah uthll hai (not darya uthli hai).
SHE 140 SHO

3960 Shell, stp, f. (oyster shell) ghonga, m. (sliells not flat shaped like a :
;

whelk); ghohga sip, m., gen.: kauri (cowrie): sankh, m. (conch):


chhilkd, m. (of walnut, etc.; vide Peel).
Shelter, paimh, f.
(safety) ar, f. (from view, sun, rain, bullets)
:
bachd,o, :

m. (defence) :
sdya (shade, shadow, protection of human beings).
Shepherd, gadaryd.
Shield, dhdl, f. ; sipar, f.

Shift, saraknd, intr.


(leave its place) : vide Move, Change :
guzdrd k. (to
make shift with).
' '

Shilly-shally, agar magar karnd : vide Hesitate.


Shin, phidlT.
Shine, chamaknd, gen., intr. ;
raushan h. ; jhaldjhal k. (to glitter) :
jhalakna
(of bright metal).

Ship, jaJmz, m.: dg-bot, m. (steamer) ; dud-kash,^ m. (a launch) :


jahdz kl
tabdhx (ship- wreck).
Shirk, kdm se ji churdnd : kdm-chor (a shirker).
Shirt, qamls, m. m. (nowadays also used for coat).
:
kurtd,
Shiver, tharthardnd or kdmpnd, intr. (from cold, fever, or fear) ; tharrdnd,
intr. (to tremble from fear).
'

Shock, sadma
'
: vide Collide.
Shoe, gurgdbi (native shoe) :
silpat, f .
(slipper) :
jiitd or juti, gen. .' vide
Boot; naH, m. [hdndhnd) (horse-shoe): khol-handl (A;.), (to pare and
reshoe with old shoes ) vide Cobbler and Slipper. :

Shoeless, nange-pd,on.
Shoot, goU, etc.^ chaldnd, tr., gen. goli, etc., se mdrnd (to shoot and kill) is

: :

chlz ko goli mdro ( = put the etc. etc., thing out of your mind let it ;

slide) vide Fire


:
ugnd, intr. (germinate) banduq kd shikdr k. (of
: :

sport).
Shop, dukdn, f. dukdn barhdnd (to close the shop at night
:
;
but dukdn
band k. on Sunday or holidays, etc.) uthd,i-gird (a ; shop-lifter) :

dukdn-ddr (shop-keeper) .

Shore, samandar kd kindra.


Short, chhotd (also small) : ndtd (in stature) : vide Brevity.

Short-lived, kam-haydt.
Short-sighted, kotdh-nazar (lit. and met).
Shot, charrd, m.
Shoulder, kandhd, m. ; mondhd, m. (point of shoulder) dhakkam dhakkd :

karke jdnd — rel pel kar jdnd (to shoulder one's way through a crowd) :

vide Push and Shore.

Shout, vide Challenge : dwdz dend : chilldkar bolnd.

Shove, dhakelnd, tr.; dhakkd dend (to push anyhow, jostle, elbow): vide
Shoulder and Push.
Shovel, belcha.
Show, dikhdnd or dikhldnd, nishdn dend (point out)) zdhir k. (bring
tr. : :

to light): batldnd, (explain; vulg. shew): vide Appear, Inform,


tr.

Guide, Prove :
dikhdwd, m. (outward show).
' In Persian a chimney.
SHO 141 SIM

Shower, jhari (for many hours) :


huchJmr, f. (short).

Shriek, vide Scream.


Shrill, tez.

Shrine, ziyarat-gdh, f. ; mazdr, m. ; dar-gdh, f. :


maqbara (any fine tomb).
Shrink, sukarna, intr. (of people or cloth).
parnd (of the skin) murjhdnd,
Shrivel, jhurrl : intr. (of flowers).

Shroud, kafan, m. {dend or pahndnd).


Shrug, kandhe ckarhdnd. [Prevaricate.
Shuffle, phentnd, tr. (cards; beat up an egg, etc.): bdten bandnd ; vide

Shun, -se kindra karnd; parhez k. ; se bachnd ; dur or bdzrahnd: vide Avoid. —
' '

Shunt, shant karnd.


Shutj band k. : mutthi bdndhnd (close the first) : vide Close and Shop.
Shutter, kiwdr, m. ;
jhilmill (Venetian shutter; from jhilmili dim, of light).

Shy, sharmd,o, or sharniild.


Sick, bimdr ; mariz (patient) ji matldnd, intr. (to feel inclined to vomit) :
;

vw^eVomit: rogl {one who is always sick from one disease, or from
many not hale). ;

Sickle, dardnti.

Side, taraf,f. or jdnib, f. (direction) pahlu or bagfuxl (m.) men (by the side :

bdzu (m.) mildkar or bdzu ba-bdzu khare ho (stand side by side)


of) :

'

Siege, qil'a-band k. ; muhdsara {k.) :


'
vide Besiege.
Sieve, chhalni.
Sift, chJmnnd, tr.

Sigh, ah (f.) {karnd\ ; sans (f.) bharnd: kurhnd, intr. (to fret).

Sight, nazar, f. ; nigdh, f. (of nazdra, m. (view and spectacle)


the eyes) : :

tamdsJm, m. (spectacle) :
darsJiani, adj. (at sight, of a bill).

Sign, aldmat, f. ; nishdn, m. : vide Proof, Effect, Signal : vide Signature.

Signal, ishdra, m. shikast-i fdsh (a signal defeat) numdydn fath


— victory). {k.) : :

Signalize, mashhur karnd. 4000


Signature, dast-hhatt, m., pi. {k.) : sahih, f. {k.) vulg.
Signet, muhr ki anguthi.

Significant, pur-matlab.
Signify, ma'iii rakhnd (mean) kuchh nahlh (it does not signify). :

Silence, khdmoshi ; sukut, m. : chup, f., subs, and adj.; kam-sukhani {oi
little speech).
Silent, chup; khdmosh ; chupkd = kam-suhhan ; gup-chup (reserved).
Silently, chup-chdp : dabe pd.on
{se) (with silent foot-fall).

Silk, resham, m., subs., and reshamiy adj. res^amHHm (silkworm) ; :


tasar,
m. (Tussore silk).
Silly, ndqis-ul-'aql (spec, of woman as a class).

Silver, clidndi : silvar (German silver) : sundr (silver or goldsmith).

^"'^<'' Likeness.
s'imiiSty, ]'^^'
1 But qiPorhandl fortifying.
SIM 142 SKI

Simile, iaskbih, f.

Simmer, khadaknd, intr.

Simple, soda (plain); mufrad (opp. to murakkah compound) sidha sdda :


(of
people also bhold bhdld)
;
.

Simplicity, sdda- pan ; albeld-pan (charming simplicity of a young girl).


Simultaneously, ek hi waqt men.
Since, jab se (of time) ba'd (afterwards). :

Sin, gundh, m. ; pdp, m., H. :


gundh ka kaffdra (sin offering, or charity to
remove sin, etc.).

Sincere, sachchd ; mukhlis ; sddiq.


Sinew, patthd, m.
Sinful, gundh-gdr ; pdpi.
Sing, gdnd, tr. (cog. obj. as git or ghazal ;
but gdkar namdz parhte hain they
sing their prayers).
Singer, gawaiyd, m.
Singe, jhulasnd, intr., and jhulsdnd, tr. (also to scorch).
' '

Single, ekahrd (opp. to dohrd) : vide Bachelor and Simple.


Singly, ek eh kdrke ; fard-an fard-an.
Singular, wdhld (number) anokhd (rare and odd, peculiar) nirdld (pecu-
: :

liar; also pure; unique). [Decline.


Sink, dhasnd, intr. (in mud) dubnd, intr. (in water vide Drown) vide :
; :

Sinless, ma sum (of certain Prophets; also = an infant).

Sinner, vide Sinful.


Sister, bahan, f. :
ham^shira, f.

Sit, baithnd, intr. khdne par baithnd (to sit at a meal) uth-baithnd {to sit up
;
:

from a recumbent position) tashnf raknd, tr. (polite) send, tr. (on .* :

eggs) vide Squat.


:

Site, maqdm, m.
Situated, wdqi* .

Situation, jagah, f. or naukrl (of service) yih : makdn achchhe mauqa' par
hai (the situation of this house is good).

Size, qadd^ m. (stature) lambd,i chaurd,l, etc. (of a :


room) ; paimdna, m.
(of a room or box or parcel).

Skeleton, thathri, f. ; pinjrd^ m.


Skewer, siTch, f.

Skilful, vide Skilled.


Skill, hunar, m. ; ustddi, f. : vide Expertness.
Skilled, hunar-mand ; ustdd.

Skim, phen, m., etc., nikdlnd.


Skin, chamrd, m. gen. (also leather) khdl, f. (a whole skin or hide). :

Skin-flint, makkhi-chus (one who would suck a fly that falls into his dish).
Skip, uchhal kud (f.) karnd, gen, kulelen k. (to skip about like a deer be : ;

frisky) bakar-kud (f.) k. (in a con temp, sense).


:

Skirmish, lard, I bhird,t.


SKI 143 SMA

Skirt, daman, m. ;
god, in. (lap).

Skittish, chanchal (of foal, boys, etc.).

Skulk, dabka-phirnd.
Sky, dsman.
Slack, dhild (loose of things also ;
slack of people) : suat (lazy ;
also 4050
'

feeling slack ') : w^Ze Careless.

Slake, piyds hujhdnd^ tr. [Libel.

Slander, buhtdn, m. (on one innocent) :


tuhmat, f. (any false charge) : vide

Slang, bdzdrl boll.

Slanting, salami.
Slap, tamdncha k. or thappar (m.) (mdrnd) (on face): chapat, f., or tarl, f.

(on head).
Slate, silet, f., Eng. (for writing on).
Slaughter, zibh k. (cut the throat, spec, for food).
Slave '
)

«. [
(fhuldm: ghuldml (slavery).

Sleek, chiknd chamak-ddr.


Sleep, nlnd, f. sond (to go to sleep) be-khabar sond (to sleep soundly)
; ; :

nlnd dnd or dnkh lagnd (to fall asleep) so-jdnd (to fall asleep, in- :

voluntarily) so-rahnd (go to sleep purposely)


: merd pd,on bhar-gayd :

= mere pd,on men, jhinjhini hai (my foot has gone to sleep).
Sleepy, nlnddsd (of people) : nlnd dtl hai : nlnd kd mdtd (mdtd = matwdld) ;
* '
vide Soporific.

Sleet, menh aur olon kl buchhdr.

Sleeve, dstln, f .

Sleight, dast'Chdldki.
Slender, vide Fine and Slim.
Slice, qdsh, f. ; phdnk, f. (of bread or fruit).

Slight, khaflf or halkd :


khiffatf f. (affront).

Slim, n^zuk (of women) : chharaird (of men or animals).

Slink, dum dabdkar tal-jdnd : khisak-jdnd.


Slip, phisalnd, intr. vide Shift.

Slipper, sillpar or vulg. silpat, f. : chatl or zer-pd,l.

Slippery, phislahd.
Slit. cJmk, m. (or rent, etc.)
Slope, dlmlwln zamin.
Sloping, dhdlu or dhdlwdn.
Sloven, uljalulf adj., gen. :
bad-saliqa (untidy in method, not in dress).
* '

Slow, sust-raftdr : vide Slack.

Slowness, sust-raftdrl.
Slur, dd§[k. or dhabbd, m. (stain).
'

Small, chhotd :
'
vide Short and Tiny.
Small-pox, chechak, f . : sltld, f.
SMA 144 SOF

Smart, sajild (smart- looking) nukila sajild jawan ;


(nice-looking smart
young man).
Smartly, chat se (in Punjab chatak se) phurtl se. :

Smash, tukfe tukfe k.


Smattering, kaUir matar jannd.
Smear, chupafTid, tr. and intr.

Smell, sunghna, intr., gen., but bu dend, intr. (of bad smell) ;
tr. ; mahaknd,
bu pdnd, tr. (to get the scent of, as a dog).
Smile, muskurdnd, intr. muskurdhat, f. ;

Smoke, dhudn, m. [dend] (vulg. also fog) huqqa or tambdku, etc. pind (to :

smoke).
Smooth, chiknd (opp. of khurdurd).
Smother, express by a paraphrase.
Smuggle, 9'
W- man k. :
(ghat-rmr, smuggler).
Snaffle, qaza,i.

Snake, sdnp, m.
Snap, chat se tornd, tr. .•
karkardnd, intr. : muhh lapkdnd, tr. (to snap at but
miss).
Snare, ddm, m., gen. pd-ddm (noose for feet) : :
phandd, m., gen. (noose) :

vide Net, Noose, and Gin.

Snatch, chhln-lend (by force) :


jhapat-lend or uchat-lend (to pounce on or
carry off).
'

Sneer, ndk charhdkar kahnd:


'
vide Taunt.
Sneeze, chhmknd, intr.

Snipe, chdhd, m.
Snore, khar khar-karnd.
Snot, renty f.

4100 Snout, thuthnd or thuthni.

Snow, barf, f. (and also ice).

Snuff, nds, f. {lend): suraknd, tr. (snuff up).


Snuffle, ndk se bolnd or ninniydnd (to speak through the nose).

Soak, bhigorm, bhignE, intr. (also to get wet) ja^ hond (to soak
tr. ;
:

into, in direction): tel tumhdre badan men sukh-gayd, vulg. (the


any
oil has soaked into your body; for jazb hu,d].

Soap, sdbun, m. {lagdnd or malnd) : besan, m. (gram flour; used as soap).

Soar, hawd men chakkar lagdnm.


Sob, sisid (bhamd) = subkiydn lend.
Sober, hoshydr.
Sociable, milansdr.
Society, sosd^iily Eng.
Sock, mx)za (originally of leather also = children's soft boot). ;

Sodomite, lutl (from Lot) launde-bdz (active) gdndu (pathic). :


;

Sodomy, launde-bdzl ; gdndu-pan.


Soft, narm ; muld^im.
SOI 145 SPA

Soil, ) be-raunaq hona ; mala-dala (of goods or women) : mitU or zamln


Soiled, 3 (earth).
Solder, {men) sisa pilana.
Soldier, sipahi.

Soldierlike, sipahiyana.

Sole, ialwa, m. (of foot) :


tala, m. (of boot).

Solid, thos (not hollow).

Soliloquize, ap M ap haten karna.

Solitude, tanha,l ; akela, subs, and adj. ;


sannata (loneliness).
Solve, bujhna, tr. (riddle): hall k. (a difficulty).
Some, kuchh ; ba'ze ; ko,i ; kisi na kisi waqt (some time or other).
Somehow, kisi tarah ; jistarah ho- sake ; jun tun kar ke ( —
with difficulty).
Sometimes, kabhl kabhi.
Somewhere, kahln.
Son, beta ; farzand (polite) sahib-zada (more polite) :
; gha rib-zada (polite
for one's own son) damad (son-in-law). :

Song, git, m. :
chahchahah, m. (of birds).
Soon, jald{ov jaldi, Y\x\g.): chand roz men ; 'an-qarib.
Soot, kdjal, m. (lamp-black for colly rium) ; kajli (dirt of a lamp).
Soothe, taskin k. (of pain) : kam karnd (lessen q.v.).
Soothsayer, 'dmil (exorcist): fdl-kholne-wala (diviner): rammdl (geomancer,
who tells fortune from rami) : nujumi (astrologer) : vide Wise.

Soporific, khwdb-dwar.
Sorcerer, vide Magician.
Sore, zakhm, m. (also wound).
Sorrow, vide Grief.
' '

Sorrowful, ghamgin : vide Sad.


Sorry, vide Regret.
Sort, qism, f.
(kind) :
qism qism judd karnd (to sort).

So-so, aisd waisd.


Soul, ruh, f.

Sound, dwdz, f. ;
vide Noise :
be-'aib, or hdth pd,oh durusl (of horses).
Soup, shorbd, m. (thick) :
yakhni (clear).
Sour, khattd ; turush.

Source, chashma (source or spring of river; also the stream from some
distance from its source) jar, f. (origin) vide Founder, Head. : :

South, dakhan, m. subs., junub, m., subs.


Sovereignty, bddshdhat, f. ; saltanat, f .
; hukumat^ f.
(governing).
Sow, suwarni (animal): boTwi, tr. ; tuTchm-pdshi k. :
lagd,i bujhd,i k. (to
sow dissension; idea taken from fire; applying fire and then putting
it oat).

Space, ivasa't, f. ; fdsila (distance).


4150
Spacious, wasi'.
19
SPA 146 SPL

Spade, phaftva, m.
Span, hdlisht, f.

Spaniel, panlr kutta, Eng.

Spare, fdltu, adj. : vide Thin : and Forgive.


Sparingly, kifdyat se.

Spark, chingdrt.
Sparkle, damaknd (of jewels) :
jagmagdnd (scintillate).
Sparrow, chin and chifd.
Sparrow-hawk, bdshu, fem. and bdshin, male (the English sparrow-hawk) :

skikra, fem., and chipak m. (the Indian sparrow-hawk).


*

Sparse, btrld.
Spatter,
— chhint parnd ;
*
vide
'

Splash.
Spavin, Jiaddd (bone-spavin) : mothrd (bog-spavin).
Speak, holnJd (utter sounds): kahnd (say):^ bdt A;,
(speak) : vic^e Relate,
Narrate. m. [bhdld,
Spear, neza, gen.: ballam, m. (lance); barchhd, large and barchhi, small :

Special, khJdss.

Species, jins, f.

Spectator, tamdshd,i, gen.; tarndshd-bm (also = one that visits the chaklds).
Speech, zdbdn, f.
(tongue, language): vide Conversation: taqrir, f., or
Hspich\ f. (k.).

Speed, jaldi. [words).


Spell, mantar, m. (Hindu) (parhnd) ; du'd, f. (MusUm) :
hijje karnd (of

Spend, kharch-karnd ; sarf k. : kdtnd or ba-sar karnd (of time).

Spice, masdlih, m., vulg. masdld.

Spider, makrl (small) and makrd (big).


Spike, mekh, f. (also nail, peg, q.v.).
Spill, girdnd, tr. dhcUnd, intr. to be spilt (also to decline of the sun, etc.
:
;

to overflow of tears dnsu dhal-gayd) : [but tr. dhdlnd to pour to cast ;

metal to drink too much wine].


;

Spin, kdtnd (make thread).


Spine, rtrh.
Spire, mindr, m. and burji (of church).
Spirit, vide Soul, Ghost: 'araq, m. and jauhar, m., f. (intoxicating).
Spirited, jdn-ddr.
Spiritual, ruJmnl. [Skewer.
Spit, thuknd, tr. ugalnd, tr. (to spit out of the mouth voluntarily) vide
: :

'

Spite, ktna ; vide Malice and Hate.


'

Spittle, thuk, m. (cast from the mouth) pik, f. (after chewing pan) : rdl, :

(natural saUva).
f.

Splash, kichar se bhar-dend.


Spleen, tilli, gen. :
tihdl, f. (human only).

'
Poets and dictionaries err in the genders of these words.
2 For difference between bolna and kahna vide Hind. Man. ' '

, p. 43.
SPL 147 ST A

' '

Splendour, jdh o jalal : vide Pomp.


Splint, bel-haddl (in horse).

Splinter, kirich, f. (also a straight sword) ; phdns, m.


Split; chirnd, tr. (cleave slowly or with saw) :
phdrnd, tr. (to tear and to
cleave, q.v.).
Spoil, higdrnd, tr., and higdrnd, intr. ;
khardb k. and h. :
satydnds k. (ruin
.
utterly) : vide Rob, Plunder.
Spoilt (child), Idd duldr se khardh ho-gayd.
Spoke, drd, m. (of wheel).

Sponge on, to, vide Live.


Spoon, chamcha : chamcha bhar {sipooniul).
Sport, khel, m. (play) :
shikdr, m. {karnd or khelnd) (every kind of hunting,
shooting, fishing, bird-catching, etc.): vide Joke.
Sportive, chulbuld.
Sportsman, shikdrt : khildrl (playful, and also player).
Spot, dhabbd, m. (large blot): ddcfh, m. gen.: chhmt, f. (small). ,

Spotted, ddgh-ddr : gul-ddr (of animal's coat).


Spout, tontl (of tea-pot, etc.) :
— kd fawwdra chhutnd (to spout out).
Sprain, moch, i. {dnd) :
laehak, f. {d-jdnd) :
pay bhar-jdnd (filling of a 4200
horse's leg).
Spread, bichhdnd, tr. (of cloths; place chairs, tables, etc.): phaildnd, tr.,
and phailndf intr. (spread out, spread abroad).
Spring, vide Jump :
bahdr, f. (the season) : kamdm (of steel).

Sprinkle, chhiraknd, tr.

Sprout, ugnd, intr.


Spur, kdntd, m. {mdrnd) : mahmez, t.

Spurious, j a' E :
jhutd.
Spurn, hiqdrat se dekhnd or radd karnd, etc. :
— par Idt marnd.
Spy, jdsus :
go,inda (informer, q.v.).
Squab, patthd, m. (also a chick, a young wrestler).
' '
Squander, urdnd, tr. lutdnd, tr. phunk-dend : vide
;
.•
Waste.
Square, murabba' , adj. and subs. :
chaukond, adj. and subs.
Squash, chitr karnd (also to smash, q.v.) pichkdnd, tr. (to flatten). :

Squat, ukruh baithnd (to sit on the heels, of men; to sit up).
Squeak, chil chil k.

Squeeze, nichornd, tr. (also to wring) :


dabdnd, tr. (press).

Squib, patdkhd.
Squint-eyed, bkengd (of the eye or of the person).
Squirm, rengnd, intr., lit. only.
Squirrel, gilahrt (the small palm-squirrel).
Stab, khanjar mdrnd: {chhurT, etc.), bhonknd, tr. (pierce with
force).
Stable, astabal, m.; tawela, m. (for horses) : vide Stall: vide Strong.
-Staff, ^asd, m. (also = sceptre).
ST A 148 STE

Stag, barah-singhd ,
m. ; sambhar, m.
Stage, tnanzll, f .
; pard.o, m. (prop, camping-ground) :
istejy m. (in tlieatre).
Stagger, dagmagdndy intr. (to totter): lafkhafdnd^ intr. (stagger).

Stagnant, khafd pant.


'

Stain, ddjjij^, m. :
dhabbd, in. ;
*
vide Spot.
Stair, zina (also flight of steps); ek zina (one step): sifhi (prop, ladder).

Stake, vide Peg: ddnw or dd on^ m. (lagdnd).

Stale, bdst (left over from previous night) tibdst (of two days). :

Stalk, to, sdras chdl chalnd (of gait) dabe dabe jdnd (game) vide Strut. .• :

Stall, than, m.
Stallion, sdnd (horse, bull, donkey, for breeding) :
nar-ghord (not castrated).
Stammer, hikldnd, intr.

Stammerer, hikld.

Stamp, pd,on pataknd, tr. (with feet in anger, etc.): muhr, f. {karnd or
lagdnd with a die)
;
:
Hkat, m.
Stampede, bhdgar, f.
Stand, to, khard k. or /t. ; qd,im k. or ^. ."
datnd, intr. (stand one's ground).
Standard, jhandu, m. ; nishdn, m- ; 'cdam, m.
Star, sitdra or ^am, m.
Starch, ^aZa^ or A^aZa/, f.

Stare, ghurnd, tr. :


^i^iA;* lagdkar (or bdndhkar) dekhnd (to gaze fixedly at).

Start, chaunk-parnd (move spasmodically) rawdna hond :


(set out) ;
chalnd
(also to walk, move, get in motion) sidhdrnd, intr. ;

Startle, chaunkd-dend tr. ,

Starvation, i bhukon (or bhukh se) marnd = /a<707i 5e marnd (to die of starva-
Starve, i tion).
'
State, kaifiyat, f. ; /^a/a^, pi. hdldt, f. ; vide' Circumstance: Daulat^Riyd-
sat (a Native State).

Stately, 'dli shun (of buildings).

Statement, baydn, m. :
izhdr, m., leg.
Statesman, mudabbir ; tadbtr-i mulk men mdhir.
Stay, thaharnd; rahnd : tiknd (tarry; vide 'Hindustani Stumbling-Blocks ') :

vide Wait.

4250 Steal, chort k. (need not have an object) churdnd, : tr. (always requires^
an object) :
khisak-jdnd = chori se chal^-jdnd.
Stealthily, chori se.

Steam, bhdp. f. :
bukhdr, m. (also vapour, and fever).
Steamer, vide Ship.
Steel, fauldd, m.
Steep, khard (of hill) : is kl charhd,i bahut khart hai.
Steeple, vide Spire.
' '

Stench, sardndh, f. (of carcases) :


gandi bu : vide Smell.

Step, qadam, f. : vide Stair.


STE 149 STR

Sterile, vide Barren.


Stew, istu, m. Eng. [ing).
Stick, chharl (for walking, for beating boys; vide Cane) : lakri (for burn-

Stickey, chatchatd (of hands, things).


Stiff, akrd hu,d.
Stiffness, akar, f.

Stifle, sans hand k : vide Strangle.

Still, ahhl tak ; phir hhi : td ham, nevertheless.


Sting, dank, m. {mama).
Stingy, kanjus.
Stink, vide Stench.
Stipulation, shart, f.

Stir, vide Move, Agitate, Excite: bharkdnd, tr. (a fire): ghontnd, tr. (for
some time) :
—se chaldnd (for a short time) : hal chal (as in a station) .

Stirrup, rikdb, f. (the iron) :


duivdl, f. (the leather).
Stitch,tdnkd {dend or lagdnd) .

Stockade, [use a paraphrase].


Stocking, pdy-tdba, m. :
jurrdh, f.

Stomach, pet, m., gen. : mi' da (the inside).


Stone, patthar, m. pathrl (in bladder) : :
sangsdr k. (stone to death) ;
satig-
tardsh (stone-cutter).

Stony, pathrild. [low).


Stool, mondhd, m. (of cane) :
tipd,% (also a small table) pirhd^ m. (very
:

Stoop, jhuknd, intr., and jhukdnd, tr. (to bend): jhukke phirnd (as of old
people).
Stop, roknd, tr., and ruknd, intr.; band k. (also to shut): bdz rakhnd
(prevent) : vide Abolish; waqfa or thahrd,o (halt).

Stores V ^^M*^'^/ khazdna.

Store-room, go-ddm, m.
Storey, manzil, f. (of house) :
do-manzila, adj. (two-storied).
Storm, tufdn, m. dndhi ;
:
jhakkar, f (a gust of wind or a squall) :
jhonkd (a
gust of wind).
Story, kahdni ; qissa.

Stove, chulhd, m. (also a native cooking place of bricks, on the ground).


Straddle, pair phaildke chalnd.
Straight, sidhE (also simple) ;
rdst (also true, straightforward).

Strain, kapar-chhdn k. (through cloth) : vide Sift, Sprain: kdnkhnd, intr. (at
stool).
Straits,mushkildt, f. {men parnd) or diqqaton men phasnd.
Strange, 'a;76 (wonderful); vide Singular: begdna (not belonging to the
house) vide Foreign.
;

Stranger, ajnabi (foreigner) : bdhar kd ddmi or begdna ddml (outsider) ;


vide
Guest.
STR 160 SUB

Strangle, tentioa dabdnd (throttle by hand) :


phdnsi dend (now also = to
hang)gcUd ghontnd, gen.
:

Strap, tasma.
Stratagem, da, on ghdt, f. : vide Subterfuge.

Straw, pu ,dl or pydl, f.

Stray, bhataknd, intr. (lose the way) gum-rdh k. and h. (relig.). :

'
Stream, dhdrd, (volume of)f. chashma (' vide Source) Tiahr, f. (artificial : :

canal): nadl, (but in Hindi a river). [road).


Street, gait or kucha (a narrow side street or lane) sa^ak, f (a street or : .

Strength, zor, m. bal, m. tdqat, f.


; quwwat, f. ; ;

Stretch, pasdrm or phaildnd^ tr. (out the hand) :


tantid, intr. (a rope).

Strict, sakht.

Stride, phaldng, (f.) mdrkar chalnd.


4300 Strike, mdrnd: '
vide
'
Beat: hartdl karnd (to refuse to work, of a number).
String, dori, gen. : sutll (of hemp).
Stringent, sakht; ia^kldl.
Strip, nangd karnd, tr. ; kapre utdrnd, tr. ; dhajjl, subs, (of cloth ;
of land).

Stripe, dhdri (along the length of the body) ; gandd (across the body).
Strive, vide Effort.

Stroll, sair {k.) gen. : chihil qadaml (k.).

Strong, zordwar (of living mazbut, gen. tund (of wind)


things) : : : tez or
karwd (of tea) : tez (of wine, medicine) vide, Fortify, Powerful. :

Struggle, Mthd-pd,l (k.) (a slight struggle) : vide Scuffle.

Strut, murgifi ki tarah sina phuldkar chalmi : vide Stalls.

Student, talib-i Him vide ' '

Pupil.
Studious, mihnatt, gen. (hard-working).
Stumble,

se thokar khdnd.

Stun, chakrd-jdnd, intr. ; chakrd-dend, tr.

Stupid, bodd (dense) : vide Fool, etc.

Stupor, vide Insensible.


Sturdy, mastandd (spec, of beggars ;
also lusty) :
khingd (ditto).

Stutter, vide Stammer.


Stye, anjanl (on eyelid).
'
k. and h. ; tdbi'-ddr banana : sar karnd:
*
Subdue, mutl' vide Suppress^
Conquer and Obedience. [Liable.
Subject, ra'iyat, f. parjd f. mazmun, m. (contents of a
; ; letter, etc.) : vide

Subjection, tdbi'-ddrt.
Subjugation, vide Conquer and Subdue.
Submerge, dvho-dend ; tah-i ah k.
' '
Submission, itd'at, f. ;
vide Obedience.
Subordinate, md taht ; zer-i hukm.

^h^^^^ t*' n I
^^^^^^^ {uthand and dend to raise and give — ).
SUB 161 SUP

Subside, baithnd (of lees, a building).


Subsist, guzran k. ; ha-sar k.

Substitute, 'iwazi: hadli,Yu\g.


Subterfuge, Jiila : vide Stratagem.

Subtract, minJm k. ; nikdlnd.

Suburb, hawali-e shahr.


Subversive, ulat-dene-wala.
Succeed, kamyab hona (be successful) also expressed by an intensive verb ;
'
with chhornd, or a Conj. Part, with rahnd {' vide P.'s Hindustani
Manual) :
ja-nisliin h. (of kings, saints, governors).
Succumb, — ka shikar hond.
Suck, chusn^, tr., gen. (also to suck up): piind, tr, (suck up); dudh pind (of
infants).
Suckle, dudh pildnd.
Suckling, dudh pttd bachcha ; shir-khwdra.
Sudden, nd-gdhdn (of calamities) : vide Suddenly.

Suddenly, ndgdhdn (of calamities) :


daf'at-an or yahd-yak, gen.
Sue,
— par ndlish k.

Suffer, jhelnJd, tr. ;


uthdnd ; khainchnd (to undergo) : bar-dushi k. (put up
with, endure).
Suffering, dard, m. ; dukh, m.
* '
Sufficient, kdfi : vide Enough.
Sufficiently, jaisd chdhiye.

Suffocate, sdns rok-dend, tr. sdns ruknd or dam band ;


hond or dam ghutnd,
intr. vide Strangle, Smother, Throttle, Hang.
:

Sugar, shakar, f.
(good brown) m. chmt (a common term) qand, f. (loaf : :

sugar and also sugar-candy) misri (sugar-candy) khdnd, f (sandy : ; .

brown sugar) :
gur, m. (unrefined).
Suggestion, vide Hint, Say.
Suicide, khud-kusM {k.)

Suit, muqadamma (in law).

Suite, ld,o lashkar, m. (Ht. army and followers) : sawdrl (includes the big
man).
Sulk, munh phuldttd.
Sulphur, gandhak, f.

Sultriness, umas, f., or umsi hu,i garmi.

Summer, garmiyon kd mausim or garmt.


Summit, choti (also crest, etc.).
' '
Summon, talab k. buld-bhejnd ; : vide Call.

Summons, samman, m. Eng ,


, leg.
Sun, aftdh, m. suraj m. ;
dhup, f. (sunshine) : :
suraj ufhte waqt (sunrise) :

suraj dubte waqt (sunset).


Sunstroke, In se marnd ; [lu is a hot wind).
Superintend, nigdh-bdm k. : dekh bhdl k. :
nigrdm k.
SUP 152 SWE
Superstition, wahm, m. (also = silly fancy).
Supervise, vide Superintend.
Supine, chit, adj. : charoh shane chit, adv. (in wrestling, etc.).
Supplant, cKal se jagah lend.
Supple, muld,im.
Supply, pahuncMna, tr. ; muhaiya k.

Support, thamrm, (to hold, hold up)


tr.
khabargln k. (by money) : : vide
Suffer roil kapfd deiui (poor people)
:
rok, f. (prop., q.v.). :

Suppose, farz {m.),k. : khiydl (m.), k, : qiyds k. (also to guess) ; qiyds, m.,
also = analogy.
'

Suppress, dahdnd : vide Subdue and Stop.


'•

Suppurate, paknd, intr.


Sure, yaqini.
Surety, vide Security.
Surface, satah f.

Surfeit, ser h. or k. (to eat to satisfaction) : ndkoh ndk bharke khdnd (to be
surfeited).
Surgeon, jarrdh.
Surpass, mat k. (of people or things ;
lit. to checkmate) : kisi ke kdn kdtnd
(of bad people only).
Surprise, yahd-yak d-parrm ,
mil. (to attack unawares) ta'ajjub m. ;

Surrender, hathydr ddl-dend :


qita ko hawdle k. ; vide Give up, Yield,
Surreptitiously, chorl se.
Surround, chdron. taraf gher-lend : ihdta k.
Surveillance, nazar (f.), men rahnd (or rakhnd) (to be under — ).

Survey, paimd.ish, (f.), k. (land ;


lit. to measure) : vide Examine.
Suspect, —par shubha k. ;
—par gumdn (m ), hond.
Suspend, vide Hang : mu'attal k. (from office).

Suspicious, shakkt ; bad-gumdn.


Sustain, vide Suffer.
Swagger, akarkar, or ainthkar, chalnd (as a sepoy) : vide Stalk, Strut.

Swallow, abdbil f.

Swamp, vide Marsli.

Swan, ghu or qu T. (rare) rdj-hdns, m. :

Swarm, dal, m. (of locusts) jhund, m., gen. bees or anything)^ :


(of

Swear, qasam (f.), khdnd, intr. tr. (to administer an oath) and — khildnd, :

qasam dend (to adjure) Qurdn uthdnd (to take an oath) jo munh ;
:

men dye baknd (to curse and swear).


Sweat, paslnd (dnd) (of people or animals) pasme men duhd hu,d (covered :

with sweat) pasijnd, intr. (sweat slightly


: also to ooze out also of ; ;

moisture collecting on a vessel and met. of people to become soft- ;

hearted, as main hazdr royd lekin wuh hargiz na-pasijd).


Sweep, —men jhdru derm (but — men jhdru phernd to make a clean sweep
of).
SWE 153 TAK

Sweeper, mihtar or bhangl (the Lal-Begl Caste followers of Lai Beg) ; :

haldl hhor (Muslim) musalli (ditto, in the Punjab). ;

Sweet, mithd, adj., and mitha.i, subs. hhush (pleasant) pyara (lit- : :

lovable).
Sweetness, mithds, f ; shlrim.

Swell, phulnd, intr., gen. :


sujnd, intr. (with inflammation).
Swelling, sujan, f., or waram, m.
Swerve, dignd, intr. (to lose one's foothold and hence in the Panjab to fall ;

met. to swerve from, waver in).

Swift, iez : tez-raftdr, or tez-qadam, or tez-rau.


' '

Swim, tdirnd, intr. ; pairnd, intr. ;


vide Float.

Swimmer, pairdk.
Swing, jhulnd, intr., and jhuldnd, tr. :
jhuld, m., subs, (also cradle).
Swivel, hhanwar-kall.
Swoon, vide Faint.
Swoop, vide Pounce.
Sword, talwdr, f. (curved) :
kirlch, f.
(straight) shamsher, f. (corrup. into
scimetar) : vide Belt and Bandolier.
*'
Sword-stick, guptt (from gupt H. secret "). [server.

Sycophant, hh'iya bardar or khdya-mdl (vulg.) vide Flatterer and Time-


Symmetrical, mutandsib.
Sympathy, hamdardl ; dard, m. (Ut. pain) : main tumhdre gham men (or kd)
shank hun (I sympathise with you) .

' '

Symptom, 'aldmat, f .
;
vide Sign, etc.
Syntax, zabdn kd qd' ida.
Syphilis, dtashak, f. ; garmi.
Syringe, pichkdri.
System, qd'ida, m. ; usul, m. ;
nizdm or intizdm, m.

Table, mez, f.

Tablecloth, dastar-khivdn, m. ;
mez kl chddar.

Tablet, lauh, m. ; takhtt.

Taciturn, vide Silent.


Tacitly, khdmoshi mm razd (
= silence gives consent).

Tack, birinji, subs. : kachchi sild,i k. (sew).


Tactics, chdl, f.
(lit. movements) :
hikmat, f. (device).
Tail, dum, f .
; punch, f.

Tailor, darzt.
Tainted, bigar-chalnd (of meat) ;
vide Hind. Man., p. 139 (2).

Take, lend: le-jdnd, intr. (take away; vide Carry) : vide Capture, Conquer.
20
TAL 154 TEA
Tale, vide Story.

Tale-bearing, chujfAli (kfidna) :


jo kuchh suntd hai jd-kar lagd-detd hai (
= he
carries tales).

Talisman, tilism, m.
Talk, guft o gu, f. {k.) ; bat chit, f.
(k.): bdten {k.) :
charchd, m. (common
talk, gossip of) : vide Converse.

Talkative, bdtoii kd dhani ; vide Loquacious.

Tall, lambd.

Tallow, vide Fat.


Talon, ndkhun, changuh, m. .* vide Paw and Claw.
Tamarind, imll.
Tamarisk, jhd,u, m. ; gaz, m.
Tambourine, tambura, m.
TsLTne, paid hu,d; hildhu,d; ma^nus ; gharelu (domestic, q.v.).
*

Tank, tdldb or tdld^o, m. ; vide* Pond, Bath.


Tantalize, dahkdnd, tr. ; tarsdnd, tr. (to make to long).

Tap, kal f. (also any machinery) .• bambd (post with tap for water ;
also a
pillar-box).
Tape, pta (also ribbon): mwdr, f. (for bedsteads).
Tapering, gd,o-dum.
Tar, alkatra.
Target, nishdna: iakhta (iron).
Tariff, nirkh m. ; nirkh-ndma.
Tarnish, ddg^ lag-jdnd, intr., lit. and met.
Tarpaulin, tirpal, m., Eng.
Tassel, phuhdnd, m. (small) :
jhabbd, m. (large, as in a fez).
Taste, maza (flavour) chakhnd, tr. muhh jhutldnd (just to
: :
taste, not ta
eat) : vide Experience: saliqa (good taste, of people).

Tasteful, tabi'at-dEr or khush-mazdq (of people).

Tasteless, be-maza ; phlkd :

Tasty, maza-ddr.
Tattoo, godnd, tr., verb: tattU-tdp, subs., mil.
Tauntingly, ta'na se or ta'na mdrkar : tanz-an (sneeringly).

Taunt, ta'na, m. {mar rid or dend) : tanz, m. (sneer).


Taut, vide Tight.
Tax, mahml, m ; tekis, m., Eng. ; mdl-guzdri (land-tax).
Tea, chdye, f.

TesLch, sikhldnd ; ta'llm dend ; batdnd ; parhdnd.


Teacher, ustdd.
Teak, sdgwdn, m.
Tear, phdrnd, tr. (rend) ; purza k. (into pieces) : dnsu, m. (of eye ; gen. pi.).
Tearful, db-dtda.
TEA 155 THA

Tease, diqq k. (also to worry) :


satdna, tr. (also to oppress).

Teat, tharif m. (udder) : chuchi (breast of woman) : hhatni (nipple).

Technical, istildhl.

Teeth, dEht, m. , gen.

Telegraph, tdr hhejnd, or dend, or karnd.


Telescope, dur-bm f.

Temper, | mizdj,
m. tabl'at, f. jauhar, m. (of steel also = essence
;
: ;

Temperament, ) and good quality).


Temperate, muHadil (of climate) i'tiddl se pUd (or khdtd) hai (of drinking :

or eating).

Temple, mandar, m .*
shiwdld, m. .

Temporary, chand-roza.
Tempt, lalchdnd, tr., gen.: wargkaldnnd, tr. (of Satan or the passions) :

dzmdyish (f.), k. (in Lord's prayer).


Tenaciously, chimaUkar.
Tenacious, sahht-jdn (—of life) . us kl gidar ki jdn hai = us kl hilli kl jdn
hai (ditto).
Tenant, ra'iyat, f. (of a house or land; also subject): kirdya-ddr (spec, of
house).
Tender, narm:
'
vide' Delicate, Affectionate.

Tendon, vide Sinew.


' '

Tenet, 'aqlda, pi. 'aqd,id: vide Doctrine.


Tent, dera, m. ; tambu, m. ; Jchema, m. :
pdl, m. (small, tente d'abris; also
a sail).

Tentatively, imtihdn-an.
Tepid, shtr-garm(lit. milk- warm) or nim-garm: Hi-g'arm, Panj. (lit. well-
warm water freshly drawn from the well has the chill off it).
;

Terrace, vide Platform zina (ht. steps). :

'

Terrible, bald kd ; ghazab kd ; khaufndk : vide Fearful and Horrible. *

Terrier, sdhib log kd kuttd (fox-terrier).

Terrifying, daraund, adj.


Terror, d^thshat, f.

Terse, shusta (lit. washed).


Test, dzmd,ish, f. {karnd) ; imtihdn, m. {lend).
Testament, Injll, f. (New—): Tauret, f. (Old—): vide Will and Bequeath.
Testicle, Tchusya, m. ; fota (prop, scrotum).
Testify, shahddat dend.
Testimonial, nek-ndml kl chitthl ; sdrtifikat, m., Eng.
Text, matan, m. : darsi kitdb (text-book).
Texture, bandwat, i. ; sdkht, f.

Thank, shukr (m.) k.


k. (of men). (God): shukriya add
Thanks, tasllm f 'indyat, f dp.
kl ;mihrbdnl or nawdzish .
; (for ordinary
*'
things) a saldm often expresses
:
thanks."
THA 156 THR
Thankful, shukr-guzdr: vide Obliged.
Thatch, chhappar, m. (a thatched roof) :
phus, m. (thatch).
Theft, chort.
Theory, rnasaHa (lit. point or question in dispute ;
vide Fvohlem) : *ilmo
*amaly m. (theory and practice).
Thick, f^fha (of liquids) gunjdn or ghand (dense, of jungle) gadld {muddy,
: :

not clear) thos (stupid lit.


:
solid) moid (not thin) gdfhi dostl ; : :

(thick friendship, intimacy) dpas men shir o shakar hain (they are :

very thick, intimate).


Thickness, gdrhd-pan : ghand-pdn ; motd,i.
Thickset, gathild (of men) :
gaf (of cloth).

Thief, chor, gen. : chottd (pilferer) : uchakkd (street thief, shop-lifter) :


jeb-
katrd (pickpocket): hath-lapak (light-fingered).

Thigh, mn, f. ; jdngh, f.

Thimble, angushtdna.
Thin, patld, gen.: mahin (fine): hdrlk (slender): ndzuk (delicate; not
strong) : dubld or IdgJiar lean vide Slender and Fine. :

Thing, chiz, f. ; sha,e, f.

Think, sochnd, tr. or intr. (cogitate and ponder) samajhnd, tr. or intr. :

(fancy, beheve) :
gAaur k. (think deeply on, deliberate) bahut socho :

thord bolo (think much, say little).

Thirst, pyds, f.

Thirsty, pydsd.
Thorn, kdntd, m. (also spur, fork ; fish-bone, and met. an obstacle in the
way men rdh men Jcdhtd hai)
;
.

Thorough-bred, asil : nasll (of good breed),


4500 Thought, (anxious thought and anxiety)
flkr, f. ghaur, m. (meditation :
;

vide Think) khiydl, m. (imagination, opinion, conception).


;

Thoughtful, soch men: fikrmand (anxious) vide Considerate. :

Thoughtless, be-parwd (negligent).


Thread, tdgd, m. gen. sut, m. (not kachchd)
;
: : ek tdr, m. (a single thread).

Threat, dhamki {dend) : dardnd, tr. (frighten) :


ghurki (d.) (accompanied
by angry looks).
Threshold, deorhi (of big people) :
chaukhat, f. (gen.).
Throat, gald, m. (the whole throat) ; halaq, m. (the inside) nareil (wind-
pipe).
Throb, its mdrnd (to shoot, of a pain) :
tap tap k. (to throb, of a wound).
Throne, tahht, m. ;
gaddl (of Rajas).
' '

Throttle, gald ghohtnd : vide Strangle.


Through, ek sire se dusre sire iak (from end to end) tardzu ho-jdnd (to :

pierce half through, after hitting the exact spot; of an arrow).


Throw, phenknd ; phenk-dend (to throw, and also to throw away) iichhdlnd :

(toss up) : vide Cast.

Thrush, mdld-gir (the Dusky Ground-thrush ?) : sum men ras utarnd (in a
horse's hoof).
THR 157 TOA

Thrust, ghuserna, tr. ( in) dhakel-dena (to push into)


— khonchd mama : :

(thrust, or point with anything and draw it back to poke at) kisl ; ;

id rah (or ke kam) men khoncha marnd = to put a spoke in a


person's
wheel).
Thumb, angutha, m. (also big toe).
Thump, dhamaka, m. (also the noise of a thump, etc.)

Thunder, (bddal) garajnd or karaknd, intr.


garaj, ; f., or karak^ f. :
bijlt
(girnd) (lit. lightning, also = thunder-bolt).
Tick, kilni, f.

Ticket, fikat, m., Eng.


Tickle ) — — - —
gudgudi hond or lagnd,
*
, -. V gudguddnd, tr. intr.
^. ;

Tidy, sdf suthrd (in appearnce) : t;i(^e*Neat.

Tie, gala-band, band, m. (fastening)


m. (neck- tie) vide Knot. : :

Tiff, shakar ranji (also a coolness between friends) dpas men do do bdten :

ho-ga,m.
Tiger, sher, m., P.
^
and sherni, f.; bdgh, m., H., and baghni, f.
Tight, kasd (tied tightly) :
tang (also narrow, q.v.) :kihchd hu,d or tand hu,d
(taut).

Tighten, kasnd, tr.

Tightly, kaskar (tr.) ; khmchkar (tr.).

Tile, khaprd, m. (for roofs).


' '
Till, khett karnd Plough. : vide
Time, waqt, m. or samd, m., H., gen.: zamdna, P. (and samd, H.) (time,
the ages) zamdn o makdn (time and space) vide Age, Opportunity,
: :

Leisure, Respite, Space.


Timely, waqt par, adv. bar mxihall, adj. and adv. ;

Time-server, zamdna-sdz : vide Flatterer, Sycophant.

Timid, dar-pok (also cowardly).


Tin, qaf,a,i (for coating copper-vessels) :
rdtig, m. (tin ?) :
tm, m., Eng.
Tinsel, jhutd gotd kindri.

Tiny, nannhd.
Tip, vide Point, End.
Tiptoe, anguthon par = dabe pd,on.
Tire, thak-jdnd, intr., and thakdnd, tr. :
— se uktan^d — — se jl bhar-jdnd (to
" to be fed
be sick or tired of, up with ").
Tired, thakd {hu,d) ; mdnda; thakd mdnda (very tired).
Tit for tat, adle kd badld.
Title, khitdb, m. (by Government) laqab, m. (an inherited title or a self-
:

assumed title)'urj, m. (a pet name, or popular name): 'unwdn, m.


:

(heading).
Titter, munli dabd kar hansnd = khilkhildnd : vide Laugh.
Toast, senknd, tr. (also to foment, wet or dry) : tos {k.), m., Eng.
In India s/ier" tiger " and habar "Hon." "
1
In Persia «Mr «'
lion &.nd habar
**
tiger."
TOB 158 TOY
Tobacco, tambaku, m., gen.

Toe, 'pa.oh ki ungli angutha (big-toe; also thumb).


:

Together, ek makdn men, ek-jagah, ek-jd (in the same place) : sab milkar
(unitedly) :
mil-jul-kar (ditto with reciprocity) ek hi waqt : men (at the
same time).
Toilet-table, singdr mez.
Toilsome, takllf-dih (of work).
* *
Token, 'aldm^t, f. : vide Sign.
Toll, mahsul, m.
*
Tomb, maqbara :
'
vide Shrine and Grave.
Tongs, chimtd, m. or dast-pandh, m. or coll. daspana.
Tongue, jibhy f. zabdn, f. (also language)
: :zabdn roke rahnd or sambhdle-
rahnd (to hold the tongue).
To-night, dj rdt.

Tool, hathydr, m. (also arms) :


auzdr, m. ; dla pi. dldt, m.

Tooth, vide Teeth manjan, m, (tooth-powder)


: :
miswdk, f. (stick for clean-
ing the teeth) vide Teeth. ;

Toothed, danddna-ddr. [tops).

Top, vide Summit, Head : kothe cha]rhke pukdrnd (proclaim from the house
Topsy-turvy, ulat pulat ; gar bar, darham barham.
Torch, mash'al, m.
Torment, 'azdb, m. (dend) : 'aqubat, f.
{karnd).
Tortoise, kachhwd m. (or turtle).
Torture, vide Torment.
Toss, uchhdlnd, tr. (toss up) : vide Throw: charhd-jdnd (toss off a glass).

Total, kull jama' ,


f. ; mizdn, f.

Totter, vide Shake.


Touch, chhund,\tY. : hath lagdnd *
vide
'
Interfere : dil par asar hond = narm
karnd: chhui, f. (contact).
Touching, pur-asar.
Touchstone, kasautl, f. ; mahak, f .

Tough, sakht or kafd (hard) (flexible but tough as cold chapdtl, : chimrd ;

a bank-note; of man thin and strong grips well in latter case also ; ;

chimrl haddt kd).


Tour, daura (circuit, q.v.) :
siyahat, f. k. (travel for pleasure
= sair o safar,
m. {L).
Tout, dalldl.
Tow, vide Hemp.
Towel, tauliyd, m., Eng.
Tower, burj, m. (also bastion) ; mlndr, m. (column, also minaret) :
Idt, f.

(column).
Town, qasba: shahr, m.
'

Town-talk, charchd, m. ;
'
vide Rumour.
Toy, khilondy m.
TRA 159 ^RE
Traceable, "pata nahm lagta (not traceable).

Trace, ipatd, m. ; nishdn, m. ; khoj m., (track, foot-print): suragih, m.


Track, ) (clue).

Trade, tijarat, f.

Tradition, kadis, f. (of Prophet) :


riwdyat, f., gen.
Traffic, dmad o raft, f.

Train, ta'lim (f.) dend ; sadhdnd, tr.; nikdlnd, tr. (break in horses) hd,oll :

bagged bird or hare, etc., given to a hawk or dog as a


'

(a train ') :

rel-gdn (ry.).

Trait, khususiyat, f.

Traitor, ghadddr, f : watan-dushman (


—to his country).
Trample, raundhnd, tr. (to trample and go on) :
khundalnd, tr. (to trample
and keep stamping on) :
pd,e-mdl k., gen.
Trance, saktd, m.
Transaction, mu'dmala: kdr o bar, m. (pi.).

Transfer, badlt karnd.


Transfix, wdr pdr karnd.
Transform, shakl hadal-dend : hand-dend.
Transient, rm-pdyeddr ; be-sabdt; chand-roza: fdn% (perishable; opp. to
bdqi).
Translate, ) tarjuma k. (but tarjumdni k. to interpret) :
lafzi tarjuma
Translation, ^
(literal translation).

Transmigration, tandsukh, m. (
—of souls).
Transparent, shaffdf.
Transport, khachchar khdna (mule) bdrbarddrl ke jdnwar. :

Transportation, kdld pdni: \wuh kald pdni bhejd-gayd].


Trap, vide Snare and Gin.
Trap-door, chor-darwdza (any secret door).
Trash, juzul cUz,
Travail, janne kd dard.
Travel, safar (m.), k. : sair (f .), osafar k. (for pleasure) ; siydhat (f.), k. (ditto).

Traveller, musdfir : rdhl (one on the road).

Traverse, manzil, f. (or safar) (m.) lay karnd.

Ivsly, kishtl : khivdn, m. (big) :


khwdncha, m.
'

Treacherous, gtkadddr (traitor) ; be-wdfd (faithless) : be-lmdn :


*
vide Trea-
son.

Treachery, vide Treason.


Treacle, trikal, m., Eng.
Xfead,
—par pd,on rakhnd (tread on) ; qadam dharnd :
'
vide
'

Trample.
Treason, ghadddri.
Treasure, \
khazdna (also revenue and treasury) ganj, : m. (a pile) :
daflna
Treasury, ) (treasure trove, or buried treasure).
Treasurer, khazdnchi : bakhshi (pay-master).
TRE 160 TRU

Treat, kisi se {mihrbani he aalh, etc.) pesh ana; kisi se {achchhdf etc.)
i

Treatment, svluk k. or bartd,o k. : mu'dmala rakhnd (treat with) marz


\ :

or nmrtz ka 'ildj k. (of disease; vide Cure, Heal).

Treaty, *ahd o paimdn (m.), k. {kisl ke sdih): sulh-ndma (of peace).


Trellis, jdlt.

Tree, per, m.; darakht, m. .* ztn ki kdtM (saddle- tree).


Tremble, vide Siiiver.
Trial, pesht, leg. : vide Examine, Test.
Triangular, ii-konyd.
Tribe, qaum, f. :
khel, m.
Trick, dhokd, m. (deception, etc., q.v.) : htla (artifice, stratagem).

Trickle, to, bah-chalnd.

Trident, triaul^ m.
Trifle, chhoti chiz.

Trifling, zara sd ; kuchh bhi nahln.


Trigger, lablahi.
*

Trim, to, chhdntnd, tr. ; tardshnd, tr. : vide' Clip.

Trinity, tasUs, f.

Trip, thokar khdnd :


*
vide
*
Stumble :
dd^on or peek k. and langl mama
(in wrestling).

Triumph, fatah ki khushl k. :


fit kd naqqdra bajwdnd.
Trivial, vide Trifling.

Trooper, saimr.
Trope, majdz, m. (rhet.).
Trot, dulki chalnd : kutte-chdl chalnd.
Trouble, vide. Misfortune: takUf, t, gen.: dukh, m. (great trouble):
diqqat, i. (worry); durd-i sar, m. (lit. headache): koshish, f. (effort):
mihnat, f. (labour, trouble).
Troublesome, taklif-dih (of things) :
takltf detd hai (of living things).

Trough, vide Watering trough.


Trousers, patlun,i. (Eng. pattern) pd,e-jdma, m. gen. (also loose drawers). :

Truant, bhagord, sub. and adj.


True, sack (of statements) sachchd (of persons, things and of statements
:
;

emphatic, as sachchl bdt to yih hai ki—) : bat kd sachchd (true to his
word): vide Exact, Faithful: asli (genuine; also sachchJd) : pakkd
(regular, real; pakkd thag a regular swindler; pakke sahib (a real
Enghsh gentleman).
Trumpet, trum or trump, m., Eng., mil. :
chihghdrnd, intr. (of elephants;
vide Yell).
Trunk, tana, m. (of tree) :
dhar, m> (of animals, men) :
sund, m. (of
elephant) : vide Box.
Trust, vide Confide, Credit.
Trustworthy, mu'tabar, gen. :
qdbil-i i'tibdr.
Truth, )
haqiqat, (reahty) sachd,l (truthfulness
f. :
; veracity) : sack much
Truthful, f (really, a fact opp. to jhuth muih).;
TRY 161 TYR

Try, vide Test, Touchstone, Experience: koshish (f.), k. : cMhnd preceded


by uninflected infinitive; ('vide' Hindustani Manual): 'vide'
Attempt, Effort: pahanke dekhnd (try on clothes) yih dnkhon kd iel :

nikdltd hai (this tries the eyes).

Tube, nal, f.

Tuft, vide Crest.

Tug War, rassd khainchnd : khainchd khaincht (tugging opposite ways).


of

Tumbler, lotanyd, or lotan kabutar, m. (ground tumbler) girih-hdz, m..; :

adj. (pigeon) :
gilds, m. (for drinking).

Tumour, gilti (bubo) : rasauli (tumour ;


also applied to capped elbow, etc.
in horses).

Tumult, hullar, m. or hangdma : sJiorish, f.


(agitation) :
halchal, f. gen.
(excitement) : khalbalt (stir, commotion)) : halwa (any rising).

Turban, pagfi or dastdr, i. gen. : 'ammdma (spec, for Muslims).


* '

Turbulent, fasddi : vide Rebellion.

Turk, Turk.
Turkey, peru, m. (the bird) Rum, m. (the country, but by the Arabs this
:

name was given to the Byzantian Empire and by the Turks it is given
to Greece).

Turmeric, haldi.
Turn, fean, f. ; naubat, f.

Turn, phirnd, intr., or phernd, tr., gen. ghumnd, intr., and


and phirdnd :

ghumdnd, (revolve, turn round); chakkar d. : 'vide' Deviate:


tr.

Jchardt k. (in a lathe) ulat-dend (turn down) pher-dend, tr. (turn aside
: :

and also to give back and turn back) vide Expel nikalnd, intr. (turn : :

out, prove) :
pith phernd, (turn the back on)
tr. us kd sir phir-gayd :

(his head is turned


= dimdgh chal-gayd) : ghumte-jdnd (turn round and
round, vide Spin).
Turnip, shalgham, m.
Turns crew, pech-kash, m.
Turpentine, tdrpUn, m. 4650
Turquoise, firoza^ m.
Turtle, kachhwd, m. (also tortoise).

Twaddle, wuh bak-rahd.

Tweezers, mochnd, m.
Twilight, munh andhere kd waqt (spec, of morning) :
shafaq, f. (the red-
ness in the sky at sun-up or sun-down).

'

^^! \tau,dm bachche ; jorwdn.

Twine, lipatnd, intr.

Twinkle, jhalmaldnd, intr. (of stars or a distant hght).

Twist, marornd tr.

Tyranny, zulm, m. ; sitam, m. ; jabr, m. (violence, and sometimes tyranny).


Tyrant, zdlim.
21
UDD 162 UND

u
Udder, than, m. (of cows, goats, sheep, camels, mares, etc.).

Ugly, bad-surat or had-shakl, gen. : bhondd (hideous).


* '
Ultimate, dkhiri : vide Lastly.
Umbrage, hura manna (to take umbrage).

Umbrella, chhatrt or chhdtd ; (in Lucknow the latter word is not used as it
has the appearance of being the masculine of chhdti " breast ").
**
Umpire, salts ^ At. (lit. third ") :
munsif.
Unalterable, atoZ, fig., of abstract things (lit. immovable, of concrete
things) :
jis men tabdil nahin ho-sakil.

Unanimous, yak-zahdn.
Unanimity,ittifdq, m.

Unanswerable, Id-jawdh (also = peerless).


Unarmed, khdli hath (also = without money) : nihattd : be hathydr (without
arms).
• '
Unavoidable, ld-budd% : vide Inevitable.

Unaware, Id-'ilm ; be-khabar (also = negligent).


Unbiased, be-gltaraz (without self-interest) : vide Impartial.

Unblemished, be-^aib ; be-ddgA.


Unburden, dil ko halkd k. (the mind).
Unceremonious, be-takalluf.
Uncharitable, bad-gumdn (of thoughts, speeches, as bad-gumdni ki bat)-
Uncivil, bad-Tchulq (of people) hhushk (of people or answers) bad-khulqi

: :

kl harakat ( action) nd-muld,im (of words).:

Uncivilized, wahshi (lit. wild, of animals, etc.) ; jangll (ditto) :


gjiair
muhazzab (also = very rude, ill-mannered).
Uncle, chachd (paternal) mamun (maternal). :

Unclean, muild (dirty, of concrete things) gand^ (foul, filthy, of concrete :

or a.bstract things) gJifiliz (ditto, of concrete things


; also vulg. subs. ;

= guh) : nd'pdk (spec, religious, but also secular) and paUd (secular)
(of concrete or abstract things) malichh (by Hindus of non- Hindus:
;

properly one that does not know Sanskrit).


Uncomfortable, takllf-dih (of chair, ekka, etc.).

Uncommon, kam^ydb (
= nadir) : anokhd (singular, peculiar) : nirdld
(singular, unique).
Uncompleted, nd-tamdm ; adhurd.
Uncouth, be-dhangd (in manners, etc., of men or animals but be-dhangt ;

shakl of uncouth appearance) bhaddd (awkward to look at and :

unactive).
Uncover, kholnd, tr., gen. parda, etc. uthdna. :

Uncultivated ghair-dbdd : bin-juid.


Undecided, tay nahtn huyi (not settled) vide vacillate. :

Undeniably, Id-kaldm.
UND 163 UNI

Under, vide Below, Less.


Undergo, vide Suffer.
Understand, samajhna, intr. ; samjhan^, tr. (to explain ;
to console ; to
remonstrate with) : vide Comprehend.
Undertake, ihhtiyar k. : ka zimma Una or —ko zimme [men] lena — : blfd
uthdnd (for great undertakings) apne upar lend. :

Undertaking, muhimm, f. (also expedition).

Undisciplined, gh air ta'lim ydjta (also uninstructed, uneducated).


Undo, kiyd kardyd bar bdd k. (or miiti men mildnd) : vide Destroy.

Undress, kapre utdrnd, tr. and caus. (but — utarwdnd to order a third
person to

or a second person to
, ).

Undutiful, kuput, adj. (of children) :
nd-Malaf (of children or pupils).

Undying, amar (of concrete things).


Uneasiness, be-chaini (also restlessness of children): &e-gamr^ (ditto) :

be-kali ; be-tdbl (of mind) :


[be-drdml, restlessness not uneasiness^]. ;

Uneducated, ghair ta'llm-ydfia : an-parh ; mmrni (illiterate).


' '

Unequal, chTioljd bard : vide Irregular.


'

Uneven, nd-hamwdr : uncha nlchd : vide Rough.


'

Unexampled, be-nazir (without precedent) Id-sdni (without a second) : :

be-misdl (without example) Id-jawdb : vide Unique. :

Unfaithful, be-wafd, gen. (of lover, or husband).


Unfashionable, waz'-ddr n^hin (of people or clothes).
Unfavourable, nd-muwdfiq (of weather, climate) : kisl ke khilaf riport k.
(of an unfavourable report).

Unfit,
— ke nd-qdbil: [nd-ld,iq, adj., an unworthy].
Unfitness, nd-qdbiliyat, f.
(inefficiency).
Unfortunate, bad-naslb ; bad-qismat ; bad-bakht [hut kam-bakht "wretched,"
in abuse].

Unfortunately, meri bad-qismati se


— .•
afsos ki
— .

Unfounded, be-bunydd; be-asl.

Unfruitful, iisar (barren of land) :


banjar, (uncultivated, jangli of land) :

be-phal (barren, of trees).


Unfurnished, b^sdz o sdmdm, gen. [deeds).
Ungenerous, be-himmat (in money matters) :
pasUhimmat (in thoughts or
Ungentlemanly, bhaUmansdhat (or shardfat) ke khildf.

Ungovernable, — jo uske qdbu men nahlh : be-lagdm.


Ungrateful, nd-shukrd.
Ungrudgingly, be-daregh; dil se, or khule dil se.

Unguarded, be-hifdzat: be-ihtlydti kd (incautious).


Unhappy, nd-shdd (not gladsome) : vide Grief.

Uniform, wardl, mil. : vide Livery.

Uninhabited, ghair-dbdd or be^dbad (of places ;


also uncultivated) : khalt (of
houses).
Uninteresting, be-lutf (of books) ; dil-chasp nahin : iskd mazmun phlkd hai.
UNI 16 1 UNS

Uninvited, he-htUaya.
* *

Unique, yakta : nirdld : vide Unexampled.


Universe, kd,indt,i. (all that is; also contemptuously or depreciatingly
all that one possesses).

Unjust, be-insdf (of people) ; he-irndfl of things) ; nd-haqq, adv.


Unkind, nd-mihrbdn ; nd-mihrbdnt subs. ,

Unknowable, {Khvdd ki zdt) samajh se bdhir hai.


Unlawful, hardm (prohibited by religion illegitimate) ;
:
khildf-i shar'
(contrary to Muslim law) khildf-i qdnun (contrary to : secular law).
* '

Unlimited, be-hadd : vide Endless.


Unload, bojh utdrnd, tr.

Unlucky, bad-nasib, etc., vide Unfortunate.


'
Unmarried, be-biydhd ; kunwdrd ; '
vide Bachelor.
Unmentionable, —jo baydn karne ke ld,iq nahin.
Unmercifully, be'rahml se ; be-dardi se.

Utmiindful, ghdfll ; be-khabar : —par khiydl tia-karke.

Unnecessary, ghair-zaruri .

Unoccupied, khdll (of houses) be-kdr (out of work). :

Unopposed, be rok-tok (also unchallenged).


Unorthodox, bad-i'iiqdd, or sust-i'tiqdd.
Unperceived, ankhen backdkar ( = purposely avoiding).
Unpolished, angarh (of metals, words, people).
Unpopular, ko,iis se khush nahin ; sab is ki shikdyat karte hain

Unravel, sulajhnd, intr., suljhdnd, tr. udhernd, tr. (undo stitches :


;
also
met. to disclose the defects of persons or things).
' '

Unreasonable, nd-ma'qul : vide Improper.


Unreliable, ghair — (or nd— —mu'tabar, )

4760 Unripe, kachchd.


Unruly, sar-kash, gen. (disobedient) munh-zor (hard-mouthed, of : horses
and met. of children and servants) shor-pusht, gen. :

Unsafe, be-aman (of a country) khatar-ndk :


(of roads; of a bridge, etc.).

Unsatisfactory, dil-khwdh nahin.


Unseasonable, be-waqt kd (of weather).
Unseemly, nd-shdyista.
Unselfish, us ko apni zdi ki parwd nahin (by nature) :
be-gharaz (on a
particular matter).
Unsheltered, ko^i pandh ki jagah nahin hai.
Unsightly, bad-numd.
Unskilful, andri : ustdd ndhin.
Unsociable, milansdr nahin.
' '

Unsound, 'aib-ddr vide Defective.


.

Unsuccessful, nd-kdm (also disappointed) : nd-murdd (ditto).


UNT 165 VAC

Untidy, he-saliqa (in habits, not in dress ; also = without good taste).
Untimely, be-waqt.
' '

Unusual, cfhair-ma' 7nuli : vide Rare.


Unventilated, charon taraf se hand : is men hawd kd rdsta nahih : hawd-ddr
nahin (not airy).
Unwarlike, in men jang kd mddda nahin»
Unwelcome, bdr-i hhdtir (of a guest) :
nd-gawdr.
Unwieldy, laddar (too heavy).
* '

Upbraid, la'nat maldmat k. : vide Blame, Reprimand.


Uphold, vide Maintain Support. ^

Upright, vide Perpendicular, Honest,


Uproot, jar se ukhdrnd (or ukhernd) tr. ,

' '

Upset, gird-dend : vide Spill.

Upside-down, ulatnd, intr. (and tr.), and ulat-jdnd, intr. (gen. to quite or

nearly turn):: aundhdnd (to place on the face).


Upstart, kd hanyd dj seth : naudaulat (' nouveau riche ') nayd rdjd :
kal :

nayd dhah dhah bdj (a new kingdom and beat of drum, i.e., an
raj
upstart shows off) chuchundar ke sir men chamell kd tel = beggar on
:

horseback.
Urge, uksdnd, tr. (to goad) vide Incite : :
taqdza k. (to dun) and diqq
;
k. or
tang k. (to press) dharnd dend (to : sit obstinately at a doorstep).
Urgent, zaruri : tdktdl (of a letter).
Urine, peshdb, m. mut, m. (vulg. piss)
: :
istinjd k. (to make — ; polite).

Usage, vide Treatment and Custom.


'

Use, to, kdm men Spend, Accustom khapdnd


Idnd ; isti'mdl k. :
'
vide ;

(use up, consume ; apne ko khapdnd, to wear oneself out; also annihi-
late is katran ko
;
kahdn khapd,un, how can I use up this remnant ?
is nd'ld,iq larke ko kahdn khapd,un, where can I find a place for, get
rid of, this useless boy i).

Useful, fa^ida-mand ; kdm kd.

Useless, be-kdr (also = without employment) : nikammd ; be-masraf.


Usual, vide Custom, etc., and Ordinary.
Usually, aksar, adv. (but as adj. = most).
Usurer, sud-khor or biydj-khor (in a bad sense).

TT .•
[ ghasab, m. {k.) ; dabd-baithnd.

Utmost, maqdur bhar.


' '

Utterly, bi-'l-kull : vide Complete.


'

Uxorious, zan-murid (' vide Henpecked).

V
Vacant i

^^^^ Empty, Unoccupied, Desolate, etc.


Vacate' to i

Vacation, ta'til, f. (holiday) : chhutti (also leave off).


VAC 166 VEN
Vaccinate, tikd dend or lagdnd ; [tlkd lit. is the sect-mark on the forehead
of Hindus].

Vacillate, dhuk chuk k. :


'
vide
'
Hesitate.

Vagabond, l^na ba-dosh (not used in a bad sense) ; dwdra, adj. and adv.
(in bad sense).

Vain, I kisi chiz par gharra karnd (to plume oneself on) be-kdr, Id-hdsily :

Vainly, / be-fd,ida (fruitlessly) muft (without return also gratis). :


;

4800 Valet, berd or bahrd or baird, Eng. (?).

Valid, kdm d-saknd or chal-saknd (of return ticket).

Valley, ivddl, f. (a broad valley also the country on the ; bank of a river) :

darra or ghdti (a defile, a narrow valley or pass).


Valuable, besh-qlmat (or costly) qtmati (costly). :

Value, dam lagdnd the price, or estimate the price of) 'aziz rakhnd or
— (fix
ki qadr karnd (to hold dear or in respect).
:

Valueless, be-qtmat (but be-bahd priceless) : do kauri kd.


Vanish, ghd^ib ho-jdnd : kdfur ho-jdnd (disappear, or run away) :
jdtd-rahnd
(also to be lost).

Vanities, muzakhrafdt. ,
f .

Vanquish, Id-jawdb k. (in argument) : vide Conquer.

Vapours, bukhdrdt^ m,, pi. (in sing.


= fever).
Variation, kami besht or ghat-barh, f .

Variety, qism, f., (kind, q.v.).


Various, qism qism kd (of different kinds) :
mukhtalif (conflicting, diverse).
Varnish, bdrnish, f.(k.) ; raughan phernd.

Vast, Inqq o daqq maiddn (or jangal) (vast plain, forest, etc.) : vide Count-
less, etc.

Vault, vide Dome, Cellar.

Vaulted, gumbaz-ddr.
Veer, rukh badalnd, tr. (also of Time).
Vegetable, sdg pdt, (for table) m.
saftz* (anything green verdure; also : ;

uncooked edible vegetables) tarkdrl (cooked vegetables also vulgarly : ;

relish and hence meat).

Vehemently, shiddat se : zor se.

Vehicle, sawdrl, gen. (any conveyance, wheeled or otherwise, horse, camel,


etc., etc. also a fare, the person; and hence wife; also money for
;

fare also riding).


;

Veil, burqa'a, m (Muslim, over whole body) :


niqdb, m. or f. (ddlnd) (over
face) :
parda (covering, curtain).
Vein, rag, f. (or artery).

Vellum, charml kdghaz, m.


Velvet, m., makhmal, m.
Venerate, pdk jdnnd.
Venetian, jhilmili (blind or shutter ;
from jhilmil k., to flicker).

Vengeance, vide Revenge .


VEN 167 VIC

Venomous, zahrtld.

Ventilate, hawa-ddr banana (of construction ;


otherwise darwdza, etc.
kholnd).
Venture, qismat-dzmd,i k. (to try one's luck) he soche samjhe, adv. (at '
a :

venture) sirf ummed par jokhon


:
[men] parnd or ddlnd : vide
Hazard.
Venturesome, dil-chald (adventurous).
Veracity, sachchd,t.
Verandah, bardmada (on any floor) :
sdya-bdn, m. (also a shed ;
also an
awning).
Verb, fi'l, m.
Verbal, zabdm (oral).

Verbatim, lafz ba-lafz.


'

Verdant, hard hard (note that the repetition gives the


"
idea of pleasantly
' ' '

green vide Supplement


; Stumbling-Blocks )
.

Verdigris, zangdr, m. (also sulphate of copper).

Verdure, harydwal ^ f. ;
sar-sabzl.

Verge, vide Edge, Brink : main karne hi ko thd ki—l was on the verge of

doing it when — .

Verification, ]
. ,. ^ ,, .

(^.).
Verify, ']tasd%q.^'
Versatile, har fann mauld.
Verse, dyat, (of Quran or Injil)
f. bait, f. (or a couplet) : :
shi'r, m. (a
couplet,and also poetry).
Versed, bahut kuchh dahhl rakhnd : mdhir (expert in).
Very, bahut hi : intihd darje kd, or nihdyat (extremely) thlk usi waqt (at :

that very moment) in colours expressed by a Hindi and a Persian


:

synonym, as kdld-siydh very black, ujld-safedr, Idlsurkh, pild-zard; and


hard-sabz (rare).

Vessel, bartan, m., or bdsan, m., gen. term (utensil).

Vest, sadri (without sleeves) : nima (with half-sleeves) :


wdskat, f. (waist-
coat).
Vestige, pata (trace).
'

Vex, ranj dend annoy) : vide Annoy and Tease.


khafd k. (to :
'

4860
Vexatious, bakherd, m., any vexatious business, a difficulty, hitch : bakherd
k. to dispute the price of, or make a fuss about.
Viaduct, pul, m. (no special word).
Vibrate, tharthardnd (also to shiver ;
but tharrdnd to tremble from fear ^).

Vice, badi ; burl sifat : shikanja (a book-binder's press ;


hence shikanje
men kasnd to torture, lit. and met.).
Viceroy, Bare Ldt Sdhib ; Vdysrde.
Vicinity, qurb o jaiodr, m.

i But haryal, m., the green pigeon.


2 But kafipria, gen., to shiver or to tremble.
VIC 168 VOC

Vicious, kaitar (lit. biting) : badrzat : muzi (injurious).

Victim, qurhanl (in sacrifice) shikar, m. (as a victim to cannibals, plague,


:

etc.) jhafap men and or pafnd (to fall a victim to wrath).


:

Victory, fath, f. (k.) :


jil, f. : vide Conquer.

View, naz^ra (of scenery).

Vigil, rat-jagd, m. {k.).

Vigilance, chaukasi ; hoshydrl.


Vigour, quwimt, f. or zor, m. (also = power, etc.).

Vigorous, qawl ; tdqat-ioar.

Vile, qablh.

Village, gdyOn, m. or mauza' ,


m. (small; spec, zammduri village) : bastt
(large or small).
Villager, gd,on-wdld ganwdr (also a boor) : : dihdtt (country-man).

Vindicate, qdyim rakhnd (maintain).


Vine, angur ki hel.

Vinegar, sirka.
Vineyard, angur kd hagh.
Violate, vide Injure, Break : ndmus khardb k. (women).
Violence, zabardasti (force): jabr, m. (also tyranny, q.v.) : tund^ or zor (of
storm).
Violent, jdbirdna (of acts): sakht, tez, shadtd (severe of storm, rage) ;
: zor
kd (storm) bald kd or gnkazab kd ( = the devil of
: used of a— ; good
things as well as bad).
Violet, banafsha, m.
Violin, sdrangi and beld (different patterns).

y.
^i"! { kunwdri (virgin) :
kunwdr-pan (virginity).

Virile, jawdn-mard (also manly, brave, generous, etc.).

Virility, mardi = quwwat-i bah.


Virtue, neki ; 'umda si fat.

Virtuous, pdk-ddman (spec, for women) :


pdrsd, gen. (of men or women) :

'ismat-ddr (chaste of women). ;

Viscid, laslasd (like Idsd or bird-lime).

Visible, to be, dikhd,l dend, or nazar dnd.

Visit, to,

se milne ko (or muldqdt ko) jdnd (people) dekhnd (places) : :

darshan (m.), k. (used by Hindus for visits to idols, or to holy places,


or to great persons).

Visitor, muldqdti (caller).

Vital, ndzuk jagah (lit. delicate spot ;


no word for vital).

Vivacious, zinda-dil.
Viva voce, zabdnt, adj. and adv. taqrlrif adj. ;

Vivid, shokh (of colours; lit. saucy).

Vocabulary, farhang, f.
VOC 169 WAI

Vociferous, g]iaugha,i, adj. (also as subs, the Large Grey Babbler).


Voice, awaz, f. (dend) (also sound) : us ne ghazah kd gala payd hai (she has
a.n exquisite voice).

Void, bdtil {nuW and void) : vide Empty.


Volatile, ur-jdne-wdld.

Volcano, jwdld-mukhl, f.

Volley, bark, f. :
salak, f., vulg. for shalq, f., T. ; {skilkt kdrtush = blank
cartridge).
Voluble, tarrdr (also glib).
Volume, jild, f. (also cover of a book).
Voluntarily, khushi-dil se : dp se, or hhud ha-khud (of its own accord) :
apni
'
marzi se :
'
vide Purposely.
Volunteer, vdlantiyar, Eng. 4Q00
Vomit, qay karnd : radd karnd (lit. to return, refute) ugalnd, tr. (to bring :

up from the stomach purposely; as pigeons, cows, etc. also = to ;

spit out).
Voracioner, kdl kd tutd, adj. : tan-kar khdnd (to eat till the stomach

stretches):
'
charhd-jdnd (spec, of over-drinking
'
wine; "to put
gidh ki tarah khdnd :
'

away ') : vide Gobble.


Vote, to, rde (f.) dead : vot (m.) dend.

Votive, bhent, m.
(offerings to idols that go to the priests) pujd, f (flowers : .

or leaves offered to idols) nazr o niydz, f (offerings at Muslim shrines). : .

Vow, mannit, f. {mdnnd) or nazr, f. (mdnnd) (to make a vow) —pitrd k.

(fulfil a vow)

nibdhnd, tr. (maintain a vow).
:
:

Voyage, samundar, m. (or daryd) kd safar : daryd kd sair o safar (f.) k. (of

pleasure voyages).
Vulgar, bdzdri log (vulgar people) :
gahwdru (of words) : be-tamizi kd (of
actions).

Vulgarity, ganwdr-pan (vulgar actions).


Vulture, gidh, m.
Vulva, furj, f. (for farj) : chut, f. (obscene word) :
faldn, f. (a contemptuous
term).

W
Wabble, to, dagmag k. (also of drunken people, old people, and fig. of
opinions as wuh dagmag karid hai, or uski rd,e dagmag karti hai).
Wade, — men helnd :
'
vide
'
Ford.
Wafer, iunkl, f., or pdpar, m. (the thin crisp wafer eaten with curry ;

[pdpar kd sd = brittle, q.v.].


•'
pompadom ") :

Waft, urd-ldnd or urd-lejdnd.


Wager, bdzl lagdnd, tr. : shart lagdnd or bdndhnd, tr.

Wages, talab, i. (in Urdu monthly wages): tanhhwdh, f. (ditto): mazduri


(of daily hire) f.
:
ujrat, (remuneration).
Waggon, gdri, gen. (also carriage, etc.) :
mdl-gdrl (goods' van).
Wail, wdwayld karnd,
22
WAI 170 WAR
Waist, kamar, f. (also the loins).

Waist-band, kamar-band, m. (outside) izar-band, ra. (for


: drawers ; umh
'aural izar-band k% dhili hai - she's of easy virtue).
Waistcoat, vide Vest.
Wait, thahamd\ intr. sabr k., tr. (lit. to have patience) —ki rah dekhnd

: :

expect = kd intizfiir karnd or khlhchnd '


(to wait for,
'
: vide Delay
and Ambuscade khidmatgdri k. (at table).
:

Waiter, khidmafgdr.
Wake, ').jdgnd, intr. (to be awake or to wake up) and jagdnd, tr. so-kar :

Waken, J uthnd (to get up) beddr rahnd : rat-jagd k. (to keep awake on :

purpose originally as a vow) rdt dnkhon men kdtnd (to lie awake
;
:

night: uthdnd or jagdnd (to rouse)


all vide Arouse, Revive. :

Walk, chalnd : phirnd : tahalnd (to walk to and fro also to go for a short ;

walk = chihil-qadaml k. : qadam qadam jdnd (walk as opposed to a


faster pace) vide Go. :

'
Walking-stick, chharl :
'
vide Stick and Club.
Wall, diivdr, f. :
fa^il, f. (of town or fort) qandt, : f. (of tent) : diivdr se
ghernd, verb :
chdr-diwdrt, f. (enclosure- wall).
Wall-eye, sulaimdni-ankh (from sulaimdnt onyx) :
tjdqi, adj. (of horse,
etc. from ^q odd, not even).
;

Wallow, kicJiar men lotnd.

Walnut, akhrot, m.
= " I have a
Wamble, merd ji matldtd hai mujhi mntli dtl hai feeling of
nausea."
Wander, warn mdrd phirnd, or khdk chhdntd phirnd (in distress or uselessly) :

zamin ndpnd, tr. (ditto) awdra phirnd (without purpose or for a bad :

purpose) ghumtd phirnd (of a traveller).


:

Wandedng, i
— ^^ ba-dosh (of gypsies, etc.).

Wane, ghatnd, v. (decrease) chdnd kd ghatd,o, subs. :

Want, vide Lack, Need, Wish, Ask.


Wanton, vide Sportive, Playful.
War, jang, f. and lard,l, f. (also = battle): jihdd, m. (Muslim holy war) :

khdna-jangt (civil war also a family or tribal quarrel) sipdh-garl ka


;
:

fann (the art of war).


Warble, rez k. (of birds) ; chahchahdnd, intr. (to sing out loud, of songsters).
Wardrobe, kapfon ki almdri.

Warehouse, mdUkhdna or mdl-guddm, m. : kotht.

Warm, garm (also hot) : tattd (very hot) :


garml and tattd-pan, subs. ;
vide
Heat.
Warn, vide Inform, Caution and Order.
Warp, ainth-jdnd, intr. ,
vide Extort : bal or kham d-jdna.
Warrant, wdrant, m. (for arrest) : vide Authority.

' *'
1 For meanings of, and differences between, thaharrid and tikna '
vide Hindu-
stani Stumbling-Blocks."
WAR 171 WAY
Wart, massa or masa, m. ,

Wary, chaukas ; hoshyar.


Wash, dhondf tr., gen. sdf k. (cleanse) vide : : Bathe and Ablution :
dhuld,l,
subs, (the act, also money for washing).

Washerman, )dhobt, m., and dhobin, f. :


murda-shu, m. (washer of the 4950
Washerwoman, J dead) murda-shom, f ;
.

Wasp, bhir, i., and bhirnl {di&erent kinds) bhirnd, m. (hornet). :

' '

Waste, ganwdnd, tr. barbddk. ; vide Destroy, Squander, Extravagance:


;

banjar zamm (waste land) raddl, adj. (of no use) ghulnd, intr. : :

(waste away from sickness or grief prop, to dissolve, melt, q.v.). ;

Watch, —
kt nigdh-bdni k. or ~kl khabarddri k. : vide Awake, Wake, ' '

Wait, Guard tdk men hand (or lagd rahnd) (to watch for)
: vide — :

Observe ghari, subs., gen., (also for dharam-ghari a clock) jeb-ghan


: :

(watch) rdt kd ek pahar (one watch of the night).


:

Watchful, vide Wary, Alert.

Watchmaker, gharlsdz.
' '

Watchman, chauki-ddr ; pahra-ddr : vide Sentry.


Water, pdm, m. db, m., P. (in compounds db also = lustre also the water
:
; ;

on a steel blade) tari se (by water as opposed to khushkl) : peshdb


: :

k. (to make water = mutnd, vulg. and istinjd k. polite) pani dend or
;
:

serdb k. (irrigate) ; sichnd, tr. (ditto) :


pdni pildnd (water horses) : rdl
tapaknd, intr. (
= the mouth waters ;
lit. and met.).
Water-course, ndld (large) nalyd or ndli, f. (small) ;
: motl (drain).

Waterfall, jharnd, m. (also a spring) db-shdr m. f. :

Water-fowl, murgjidbi (wild duck) :


jal-kukkar, m. (
= '
moor-hen').
Wateringplace, pan-ghat, m. (anywhere).
Water-trough, khel, m. (for horses).

Water-lily, kanwal, m., H., gen. :


mlufar, m., P. (large white) : vide Lotus.

Waterman, vide Boatman and Sailor.

Watermelon, tarbuz, m.
Water mill, pdn-chakki.

Watery, panild ; patld.


Wave, mauj, f. :
lahr, f.
(ripple) :
hildnd, tr., gen. (and also to shake) and
lahrdnd, tr. (of a handkerchief, etc.).

Waver, vide Swerve.

Wax, worn, m. Idk, m. {lagdnd) (sealing-wax) kdn kd mail (of


: : the ears) :

momkd = moml, adj.: mom ki ndk = a person easily led.


Wax-candle, mom-batti.
Wax-cloth, mom-jdma.
Wax-works, moml-tasvlr, f.

Way, rah, f. rasta or rdsta, m. guzar-gdh, f. (passage or place of passing) :


;
:

w(^e Road, Path: taur, m. (manner): paid rasta (covered way, in a


fort) chor-rasta (secret way)
: ddheraste mew, adv. (half-way) kas-ma- : :

purs jagah (out-of-the-way place).


Wayfarer, rdhi: rdhi musdfir (wayfarers, passers along).
WAY 172 WEI

Waylay, rah katndXoi a person) : vide Ambuscade.


Weak, kam-zor, gen. (of people etc., or things) :
na-ita^a^ (feeble, of the
old or sick) :
be-tdqat (as of a conquered race) bodd (feeble, of mate- :

rials, not to be relied on for strength): ?«'?/ (feeble, of the old) :

halkd, gen. (of wines, tea, etc )


:
kam-rang (ditto) : kam-zor dil kd
(weak, easily led) : mom H tidk (very easily led).

Wealth, daulat, f. (also = fortune): mdl, m. (riches).

Wealthy, daulat-mand : mdUddr (rich) : amiri or imdrat and mdl-ddrl (the


being wealthy).
Wean, dudh barhdnd (or chhufdrm): 'ddat chhurdnd (from a fault).
'

Weapon, hathydr, m. sildh, .* f .•


*
vide Armed.
Weaponless, vide Unarmed.
Wear, pahinnd, tr. (carry on the body of cut clothes, hats, boots, or or- ;

naments) ofhnd, tr. (of a loose uncut garment; also to cover oneself
:

with a sheet): ghisnd, tr. and intr. (wear out, rub away by friction):
ragarnd, tr. (to rub, of friction but ragar khdnd to graze) ghisd aur ;
:

ragar, subs., m. (hard wear and tear) apne ko khapdnd, tr. (wear out :

oneself) : vide Use.

Wearisome, thakd-d^ne-wdld {kdm) (of things only not of persons) ;


:
ma^z-
khdne-wdld (of people) ; jdn-khd.u or jdn-khdne-wdld (ditto).

Weary, thakd-mdnda or kJmsta or chur (very tired, q.v.).

Weather, no regular word; Tnausim, m., season is sometimes used for wea-
ther: dndhi pdni ke din foul weather.

Weather-beaten, tufdn-zada.
Weather-cock, bdd-numd : thdli kd baingan, fig. (lit. wobbling about like
a birinjal on a brass plate).

Weave, bunnd, or binnd.

Weaver, juldhd (Muslim); tdhti (Hindu): qdltn-bdf (weaver of carpets):


bayd, m. (the weaver- bird).
Web, makrl kd jdld (cob- web).

Wedding, nikdh, m. (marriage) : shddi (wedding).

Wedge, mekh, f. (lit. nail or peg) :


pachchar, m. (anything wedged in to
tighten).

Wee, nannhd (tiny and nice).

Weed, ghds pdt, m.


Week, athwdrd: hafta-wdr, adj. and adv. (weekly) Mfta Jiafta,
j Iiafta:
;

Weekly, ) adv.

Weep, rond, dnsu bahdnd, tr. (shed tears) zd,r zdr rond (to weep
intr. ; :

phut phut-kar rond (weep unrestrainedly) ddrhen mdrkar


bitterly) :
:

rond (to blubber out loud; contemptuous term) vide Whimper. :

Weigh, tolnd, tr., and tulnd, intr. (vide Poise) wazan karnd a,nd hond : :

langar uthdnd (weigh anchor) sochnd sam^jhnd (ponder on and :

consider).
WEI 173 WHA
Weight, wazan, m. or tol, m. (weight) bojh, m. or bar, m. (load, burden) 5000 : :

usk% bat ka wazan naJiin (his words carry no weight) men bat uske age :

nahm chali (my words have no weight with him) age dab lag-gayd, or :

ghore par dab ho-gaya (the weight is all in front of the cart, on the
shafts) ekka (pichhe) uldr hai (the weight is all behind the ekka, the
^
:

shafts are in the air) bojh ek-tarfa ho-gayd (the load is to one side,^
:

lop-sided).

Weigh tiness, bojhal-pan (heaviness).


Welcome, ki d,o bhagat karnd (to receive heartily)
kisl Jchub d,e :

(welcome !) jaJidh jdtd hai uski d,o bhagat hoti hai — jahdn jdtd hai
:

log uskosar dhkhon par bithdte hain (wherever he goes he is a welcome


guest).

Welfare, khairiyat or khair o 'dfiyat, f. {puchhnd) (spec, as regards health) :

khush-hdU (doing well).

Well, ku,dn or ku,d, m., gen. bd,oli (large masonry well, often with steps):
:

ubalnd, intr., to well up (also to boil) achchhd, changd, or bhald changd :

= tan durust (in good health) hhairiyat se hond (to be well, in good
:

health) vide Right bahut achchhd, gen


: : or to superiors bahut khub ;

or jl achchhd,^ adv. (very good) khair, adv. Ma^V jdne do well, let it
:
;

alone = achchhd, -na-sahl : khdsa hai (it is well enough pretty good) ;
:

khair, phir well then ?


Well-behaved, tamiz-ddr (of behaviour).
Well-bred, shdyista (of manners, etc.) ; asil, or achchhe nasi kd (of animals).
Well done, shdhbdah ! : kyd bdt ! : kyd kahnd !

Well-dressed, khush-libds.
Well-formed, sudaul or of the body not of persons) jor-band
(of things, ;
:

kd durust men
or horses): khush-waz' gen. (outward shape good).
(of

Well-informed, bd khabar.
'
Well-known, mashhur : mashhur o ma'ruf : ndmi :
*
vide Famous.
Well-made, khush-qit^ of clothes; well-designed, of houses): vide Well-
formed.
Well-meaning, nek-niyat (in a good sense only).
Well-to-do, khush-hdl = ddl rott se khush = ghar kd dsuda.
Well-wisher, khair-khtpdh.
Wencher, randi-bdz.
West, pachchhim, m. :
maghrib, m. :
bd,en hdth (vulg. and local).
Wet, tar: tar ba-tar or shor-bor (wringing wet): bhigd : gild (damp) : tari
and gilan, subs.
Wet-nurse, da, i or dudh-pild,i :
[dd, I is often used for dd,i jand,i midwife].

Wharf, ghdt, m. (also =


any landing- or watering-place, or ferry, or bath-
ing place) :
dak^ m., Eng. (docks).

1
TJlar, subs., is that pan of the scales that being less weighted goes up.
2
Panjabi camel-men and muleteers have some such word as aih,ir parna to
express this. '
*'
3 In the
Panjab achchha jl but in Hindustan '
this latter indicates fretfulness
or irritation.
WHE 174 WID
Wheat, gefiun, in., sing, or pi.

Wheedle, laUo patto karke nikdlnd or le-lend (to wheedle and flatter out of) ;

vide Coax, Blarney, Flatter).

Wheel, pahiyd, m. chakkar, m. :

Whet, \sdn dend or dhamd or lagdnd (on wheel; of instruments):


Whetstone, J silli par pajdnd, tr (on stone) kt piyds bharkdnd, tr. (to :

whet figuratively).
Whey, pant, m.
Whimper, hun hun k. (also to say yes), or thunuknd, intr. (of children; also

of a mistress when trying to get her own way).


Whip, chdbuk, m. {mdrnd) (light whip or stick) kofd, m. {mdrnd) (heavy :

thonged) tdziydna lagdnd, leg. (to flog as a punishment).


:

Whirlpool, bhanioar, m.
Whirlwind, baguld, m. (from bd,o wind and gold).
Whisper, kdn men kahnd ( to) kdndphusl k. or — :
(to whisper amongst
themselves): phusphusdnd, intr., gen.
Whistle, stti (bajdnd).
White, )safed, P.: ujld, H. chittd (very white = ujld safed): safed
:

Whiteness, ) rang (the colour) safedl (of an egg also whiteness and
:
;

whitewash): grom A;a?a (Europeans and Indians; black and white; a


contemptuous term).
Whitewash, vide White.
Whitlow, ungal herhd, m. (under a nail).

Whole, vide All : = sdbit and musallam ; murgA-i


samuchd, adj., entire (q.v.)
musallam cock cooked whole and not cut up)
(a vide Sound

: :

bhar, as din bhar, etc., etc., adv. (the whole day).


Wholesale, thok-farosh ( dealer)
— thok-faroshl {k.) {:
dealing).

Wholesome, sihhat-bakhsh (of air, climate): mufid (lit. beneficial, of food):
nirogl H. (of food).

Wholly, yak qalam.


Whooping-cough, habbd dabbd, m. kukar-khdnst, f. :

Whore, mdUzddi (lit. born of money) vide Prostitute. :

Whoremonger, vide Wencher.


* '

Whore-son, ran4i bachcha : vide Illegitimate.


Wick, battt (also = light).
' '
Wicked, bad : burd : vide Sinful Mischievous. ;

Wide, chaurd : 'ariz (in common use of cloth only) bare pakne kd (of :

cloth): lamba chaurd (of expanse, as a plain; also of a very big


man).
Widewake, chaukas (alert, q.v.).
Widow, bewa; rdnd (but in Bengal = randt, prostitute).
Widower, randwd (rare).
Widowhood, randdpd, m. ; bewagl.

Width^ chaurd, t :
pahtid, m. (of cloth) :
'arz, m. (commonly of cloth) :

pdt, m. (of a river) ;


do pdt ki chddar a chddar of double width.
WIF 175 WIN

Wife, bibi ; joru, Y\x\g.: admi, m. (very vulgar): 'aivrat (prop, woman):
zawja (spouse, fem.) ghar he log, m. coll. (a polite colloquialism)
: :

hawell (of rich man).

Wig, jhuthd hdl.

Wild, wdhshl ; jangli : 'vide' Uncultivated, Uninhabited: khud-ro (of


plants, etc.).
Wilderness, sahrd, m. (also desert) haydban, m. = :

Wile, tiriyd-charitar , m
(for Hindi triyd-charitr) (women's wiles) :
hila, m.
Wilful, khudrsar (taking his own line) vide Obstinate. :

Will, wasiyat-ndma, leg., written.


Willing, rdzi (also = contented) : be 'uzr ddmi hai, he is a willing man.
Willingly, khushi se; sar dnkhon se; dil o jdn se, shauq se (also = by all
means do so).

Willingness, razd^mandt ; khushi.

Willow, bed, f. (and hence bent, f., cane).


Win, jitnd, gen. bazi le-jdnd or mdr-lend (in a game only).
:

Wince, vide Flinch.


Wind, hawd,, tr. f. (prop, air) bdd, f. (in Urdu seldom used alone) riydh,
: :

f., sing, (in the stomach) goz, f. (k) — hawd chhomd, or cosbTselj pddnd
:

(to break wind goz-i-shutur — anything insignificant).


:

Wind, kuknd, (a clock, etc.


br. also to tune a musical instrument) ;chdbl or :

kunjl dend: lapetnd, tr. (wind up, of string, etc.) hawd ke rukh chaJndj ;

to go down- wind, go with the wind hawd ko kdt-kar chalnd, to go up :

wind, against the wind, {hawd bachdke jdrm "to cheat the wind,"
might mean to stalk at right angles to the wind].
Wind-broken, sher-dam, adj. (of horses) sher-dami, subs. :

Windfall, tapkd, m. (of fruit) bin mdnge murdd : billl ke bhdgon chhinkd tutd
:

Prov. [by the good luck of the cat the (string of the) meat-safe broke
and fell ; of something that comes as a windfall but has long been
desired].
Wind-gall, baiza, m., Ar. (lit. an egg, and by country people and in Bombay
used in this sense in Urdu; amongst horse-dealers = wind-gall).
Winding-sheet, kafan, m.
Wind-mill, pavan-chakki, f. {pavan, H., wind).
Window, khirkl; jharokhd, m. (a small window in an upper storey ; spec,
in a palace to obtain a view).

Windward, vide Wind.


Windy, hawd jhakhar kd din ( day).

Wine, shardb, f. ddru, f (amongst Hindus prop, medicine; also gun-
;
:

powder in some parts). [(of insect).


Wing, bdzu, m., gen. (of bird, building, army, chair also= the arm) par ; ;

Winged, par-ddr, gen.


Wink, chashmak k. (as a signal) kan-ankhiyon se ishdra k. (by a side :

wink) [but kan-ankhiyon se dekhnd to make sheep's eyes at] dnkh


: :

jhapaknd (to flinch involuntarily q.v. also to have a short sleep). ; ;

Winnow, phataknd, tr., to throw up a wind: usdnd, tr. (by fanning) vide :

Sift.
WIN 176 WON
Winter, jafd or in inflected cases gen. pi. sardl ka mausim : jdfa kdtndy to ;

winter [jdrd ana = to have ague; jdfd lagnd, to feel cold].


:

Wipe, ponchhna : [mujhe khdne ko hdndt kd ponchJuin miltd hai^ I get


nothing to eat except the wipings of the pot].
Wire, idr, m. : tidr ae bdndhnd, to wire : tdr kd jdl, wire gauze.

Wiry, vide Tough.


Wisdom, ddnd,%, gen. 'aql-mandl : hikmat ki bdten (words of wisdom hik-
" ddktdrt " also a
; ;

mat, f. = philosophy and in India ; dodge, device).


Wise, ddnd; *dqil or 'aql-mand : mulld, T. (prop, a learned man, an inidm
in a mosque, a teacher in a village school also a soothsayer or wise ;

man and exorcist mulB ruhi, a muUa who reads the Quran after ;

death for forty days and so expels the dead person's soul).

Wish, chdhnd (like, love want) khtvdhish k. : drzu k. (desire


;
:
;
more than
previous) : tarasnd to long for, q.v. vide Desire. :

"
Wishwash, yih ddl nahln yih dhovan hat this is not dM but wishwash
*'

[dhovan, m., is the water in which something has been washed].


Wisp, murrhl (prop, any kink or twist in wire, thread, etc.) : kuchi
{mdrnd) (prop, a small brush for whitewash).

Wits, hawdss-hdkhta

ghabrdkar (losing one's wits, losing one's head).
Witch, jddu-garni: ddin (spec, one possessed of the evil eye): churail (a
kind of ghost that lives in trees churail kt st is appUed to a dirty ;

old hag) : vide Magician.

Wither, \kumldnd, intr. (fade, lose freshness) murjhdnd, ; intr. (dry up) :

Withered, / vide Die. kumldyd, murjhdyd, adj. :

Withers, maddu or madau or mandau.


Withhold, bdz rakhnd (restrain a person, q.v.): rok-rakhnd (keep back a ;

person or thing) dabd-rakhnd (by force). ;

' '

Withstand, sdmne qadam jamdnd (or jamim) vide Encounter, Oppose. :

Witness, gawdh or sJmhid (the person): gawdhi or shahddat (f.), dend {to
give evidence, attest).
Witicism, bhondd mazdq.
5100 Witty, zanf.
Wizard, vide Magician.
'

Woe-begone, ront sural bandkar (dnd) ; vide


*
Doleful.

Wolf, bheryd, m. mithi chhuri (a wolf in : sheep's clothing); gurba-e


miskin
" a
lit.
(ditto ; poor cat.")
Woman, 'aurat.

Womanish, zandna (effeminate; also impotent; also the women's apart-


ments) : zankhd (effeminate) :
zan-sifat (feminine, with feminine qua-
lities).

Womb, bachcha-ddn, vulg. m. : rihm, m., med.


Wonder, ta'ajjub, m. {k.) : achambd Qiond): 'ajib chlz (a wonder) £ but
shubha hat ki wuh d,e yd na-d,e (I
'ajib o gharib (a real marvel) :

wonder if he'll come).


Strange and Miracle.
'

Wonderful, 'ajib ;
achambe kd ;
'
vide
woo 177 WOR
Wood, jangal or ban, m. (also any wild place) ; lakn (timber, in its natural
state) : m. (cut timber) jaldvan, f. (or lakri) (for burning vide
kath, ; ;

Fuel) :
[lakri also = stick].

Woodcutter, lakar-hard, m.; lakar-hdrin, f.

Wooded, jangal sebhard hu,d (of a country).

Wooden, kdth kd (of polished, etc., wood) : lakrl kd (of natural wood).

Wool, urij m. :
pashniy m. (also soft fur, as of cat, etc. ; also the hair of the
pashm bardbar nahm, a common indecent expression for
pubes " parwd
:

" I don't care a


fig mere pashm se indecent for bald se " hang it ")
: :

.vide Hair, Fur. uni and pashml, adj., woollen. :

Word, lafz, m. (a single word): bdt, f. (ditto; also speech, thing, matter^
betrothal sahib ne mujhe bdt kahl, (the sahib spoke angrily to me) :
;

jali bhunl bdten, bitter words: jail kati bdten, hasty words spoken ia
anger zabdn kd pds rakhnd or karnd, to keep one's word bol, m., pro-
: :

mise, q.v. khabar bhejnd, to send word: vide News, Information,


:

Message Command lajzon men tasvir khlnchnd (of a word picture) :


, ;

lafz lafz karke (word by word) lafz ba-lafz (ditto, and also literally). ;

Wordy, laffdz (of people) : Hbdrat men la-ffdzi hai (of style, etc.)

Work, kdm, m. [k) ; kdm kdjy m. (^.) (various sorts of work, business) r

vide Labour, Effort, Try, etc. chalnd (of a machine, a system) : :

asar k. (to be effective) su,l kd kdm k. (embroider, q.v.) tasnif, f.


: :

{k.) (literary work): kdr-guzdn {k.) (good work; such as deservea


promotion).
Worker, kamerd (a hard worker) kamd,u (the bread-winner) : : vide
Labourer kdrlgar, a skilled worker.
;

Workmanship, kdm, m. ban^wat, ;


f. :
kdri-gari (skilled workmanship).
Workshop, kdr-khdna, m.
World, dunyd, f.
(prop, the earth ; also people) jahdn, m. (prop, the :

'dlam, m. (prop, the universe


universe) : also a great concourse of ;

people; a strange state).


Worm, ktrd, m. (any insect or small crawling thing) kenchu,d, m. (earth- :

worm) kaddu-ddna (tape-worm ; from its resemblance to pumpkin


;

seeds).
Worried, 7 ^*9'(? hond (and karnd) (to get worried, initated) :
tang hond or
Worry, ) karnd :

Worse, bad-tar ; bad-tar se bad-tar (the worst).

Worship, pujnd, tr. gen. :


mdnnd, tr. (to beUeve in) pujd k. (of idols only)
: :

Khudd kl 'ihadat k, (of Muslims, Christians, Jews; i.e. of ahl-i kitdb


only; not of Hindus) :
— ki parasiish k., gen. (also met. of people).

Worshipper, pujdri Hindu (also an officiating Brahmin) :


pujne-wdld r

'ibddat karne-wdld.

Worst, vide Worse.


Worth, qadr, f. : vide Value, Excellent: das rupiya kd, worth ten rupees :

vide Deserve.

Worthless, nd-kdra or nikammd (also useless of people or things) wdhiydt, f . ;


:

pi. (of concrete things; also of opinions, ideas, etc. also = nonsense). :

Worthy, vide Deserve.


23
WOU 178 YEA
Wound, zajchm, m., wound or sore, gen. but spec, wound {lagdnd or ;

pahunchdnd): gha,o, m. gen. (wound or sore but specially latter) dil :

dukhdnd (wound the feelings) .

Would, khipdh ma-khivdh kiyd (he would 6.0 it) kdsh or : kashkl. (oh would
that !) also expressed by the Future Indie.
:

Wounded, zakhml (k.) :


ghdyil {k.).

Wrangle, chakh cJiakh k.

Wrap up, lapetnd, tr. (also tuck in bed-clothes).


Wrath, gAazab, m
Wreak, iniiqdm leke dil kd buhhdr nikdlnd ( one's vengeance). —
Wreck, tahdh hoim (Ht. to be ruined) tabdht, subs, {men and). :

Wrestle, kushtl larnd or karnd.


Wretch, kam-bakht.
Wretched, vide Miserable.
.
Wriggle, kulbuldnd or chulbuldnd (of a worm, or of small children) ; [hence
kil bil a sing., masc, collec. noun = small children].

Wring, nichofndy (wring out water ; squeeze out juice) ainthnd, tr.
tr. :

and intr. (extort force, wring out) marornd, tr. twist round.
by :

Wrinkle, jhurrt (from old age) shikaUy f. (in cloth, or of a frown, etc.): :

cMn, f. silwat, f. (a pucker in a badly-woven carpet or a badly cut


:

garment).
Wrinkled, gale men jhurriydn "pari hu,l hain (a wrinkled neck).
Wrist, kald.l.
Writ, hukmrudma, m. (any written order).
Write, likhnd, tr. .* tahrlr k. : darj k. — qalam-band k. (to record, set down
in writing).

Writer, muharrir (in an office; spec, in Court) : munshi (ditto) :


musannif,
author, q.v.
5150 Writhe, ainthnd, tr. and intr. : maror (f.) khdnd or pech o tab (m.) khdnd :

vide Wring.

Writing, khatt, m., or likhd,i (but latter also = money paid for writing) :

likhdwat, f. tahrlr, f. (also the Court- fees for writing).


:

Wrong, ghfdat = sahih nahm : *


vide
'

Injustice, Unjust, Err, Tyranny.


Wrongfully, nd-haqq, adv.
Wrcngheaded, kaj-fahm : ultl samajh kd.

Yam, zamln-qand, m. gen. shakar-qand, m. (a sweet variety).


Yard, gaz, m. (the measure) :
ihdta, m. (any enclosure) : vide Courtyard.

Yawn, jama, {lend) I : angrd,i {lend) (to stretch oneself).


Yea, hdn aur nd, subs., f. (yea and nay) iqrdr inkdr, m. (ditto). :

Year, baras, m. sal, m. san, m, (of era, as san 'isavi 1911) sambat
: : :
(of
Hindu era) : har sal or adl sal (every year).
YEA 179 ZOO

Yearly, saldna, adj. and adv.


Yearn, tara'pna, intr. (of mental uneasiness and longing).
Yeast, khamir, m.
Yell, chinghar, f. (marnd) (but c^^%Mma, intr., trumpet, of elephants) :

chlkh, f- {marnd) (has a more general sense; to bawl, cry out).


Yellow, \zard or pUd, adj.: zardl, subs, (also yolk of an egg) :
plld-
Yellowness, J pan, subs.
Yesternight, rdt, adv.
Yet, vide Besides, Still.
' '

Yield, hdr manna, tr. : vide Produce, Surrender, Give up : sir jhukdnd
(to give way to a person): paidd-wdr, m. (of a tree, field, country).

Yoke, ju,d, m. (for oxen) :


ju,e men jotnd or lagdnd.
Yolk, [ande k%) zardl.

Yonder, wuh sdmne : wuh pare.


Young, jawdn (from about 25 to 40) nau-jawdn or nau 'umr (about 18 or :

20): kam-sinn or kam-'umr (of small age) vide Inexperienced, Raw: :

bachcha (the young of anything) patthd (of any birds but especially :
;

pigeons and cocks vide Squab also a young wrestler) pdthd (male
; ;
:

of deer, goats, elephants).

Youth, jawdm (the state of) :


gabhru (a handsome lad).

Youthful, vide Young wuh mem assi haras kl hai magar ah tak jawdn-mizdj

:

hai (she is eighty but still youthful) jawdn-dil ( in feelings). :

Zeal, sar-garml, gen. (in work, etc.) :


josh, m. or joshlld-pan (of reformer,
missionary, etc.): mazhdhi hardrat, f. (
= religious zeal).
Zealous, sar-garm ; pur-josh or joshild.
Zebra, zihrd, m. :
gor-hhar (wild ass).
Zenith, auj, m., gen.
Zero, sifar, m. .*
sunnd, m. H. :
hindi, H. (a dot and hence also zero).

Zest, maza le le-kar khdnd (to eat with zest).

Zig-zag, laheriyd, adv. and adj. (prop, the name of a coloured stuff with
zig-zag stripes) : mor tor kd, or kajo pech (crooked, with many bends).
Zinc, jast, f.

Zodiac, hdrah hurj, m. ; {burj = tower; bastion).


Zoo, chiryd-khdna, m.; vulg. ; ^ajd'ih hhdna-e haiwdndt (in newspapers).

The End.

Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta.


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