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Site Selection
Following factors need consideration:
a)
b)
Size and Depth Adequate size of area, sea front and depth without
excessive
d)
2.
Subsoil conditions
3.
Dredging
4.
Shoreline stability
5.
Upland drainage
Tides
b)
e)
Meteorological Factors
f)
Construction Material
g)
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Harbour Depth
b) Navigational Channel
c)
d) Harbour basin
e) Piers and wharves,
f)
g)
j)
where,
D = the draft of the largest ship to be accommodated
H = the maximum height of the storm waves
D = the allowance for squat
Squat: The squat effect is the hydrodynamic phenomenon by which a
vessel moving quickly through shallow water creates an area of lowered
pressure that causes the ship to be closer to the seabed than would
otherwise be expected.
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W > 10 B
B = beam of the largest ship to navigate at all state of tide
> 3L
> 5L
> 10L
up to 25
25 - 35
beyond 35
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As a rule of thumb:
Width of manoeuvrin g ( 1.8 to 2.0 ) B
Width of clearance ( 0.75 to 1.5 ) B
( 3.3 to 5.0 ) B
Width of channel
( 5.1 to 8.0 ) B
Single lane
Double lane
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Gust Ratio
3 seconds
1.56
10 seconds
1.48
1 minute
1.28
10 minutes
1.12
30 minutes
1.05
1 hour
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Limit of current speed for the large ship operation inside harbour
Visibility
Visibility is affected by fog, heavy rain and snow. In general, the visibility of 500 to 1000
meters is required for the ship operation inside harbours.
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200 250 m
Where the entrance is between sloping breakwaters, the width should be measured for
the maximum draft of the largest vessel at bed level.
=4L
=2L
Anchorage area:
The anchorage area is the place where ships can wait for
their turn at berth or for more favourable weather condition.
The size of anchorage area depends on: number, type and
size of ships also the type f mooring system available.
Water depth at an anchorage area should not exceed approx.
60 m due to the length of the anchor chain of the ships.
The bottom condition should not be too hard for the anchors
to stick in.
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L + 50 to 60 m
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Utility services:
Lighting
Water supply
Fuel supply
- Non-combustible construction
- Automatic sprinkler, dry mains and fire hydrants
- Fire fighting equipment
- Fire Alarm
100 m c/c
- Water supply for fire fighting
4500 - 6000 l/min
- First Aid
- Proper maintenance of electric circuits and accessories.
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Thank you
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