ESD, EFT, Surge and EMC

Beginners Guide
Part-1
Anoop

Anoop.Kunhanandan@analog.com
Cic.asia@analog.com

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Agenda

EMC

and key terms

ESD,EFT and
EMC-4

Surge

compliant RS485 Network for different cost/performance critera

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Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMC
EMI

(electromagnetic compatibility)

(electromagnetic interference)

Emission Issues
Susceptibility/Immunity Issues

EMC is the control of EMI so that unwanted effects are prevented

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Overview of EMC test standards

Immunity

& Susceptibility Testing

Scope

EN Standard

IEC Standards

Burst/Electrical Fast Transient

EN 61000-4-4

Conducted Continuous Disturbances from DC to 150 kHz

EN 61000-4-16

IEC 801-4;
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-16

Conducted Disturbances Induced by RF Fields

Electrostatic Discharge
Generic Immunity - Industrial Environment
Generic Immunity - Residential, Commercial & Light Industry

EN 61000-4-6
EN 61000-4-2
EN 61000-6-2
EN 61000-6-1

IEC
IEC
IEC
IEC

Magnetic Field, Damped Oscillatory

Magnetic Field, Oscillatory
Magnetic Field, Power Frequency
Magnetic Field, Pulse
Radiated RF Electromagnetic Field
Surge
Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations

EN 61000-4-10
EN 61000-4-12
EN 61000-4-8
EN 61000-4-9
EN 61000-4-3
EN 61000-4-5
EN 61000-4-11

IEC 61000-4-10
IEC 61000-4-12
IEC 61000-4-8
IEC 61000-4-9
IEC 61000-4-3
EN 61000-4-5
IEC 61000-4-11

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61000-4-6
61000-4-2
61000-6-2
61000-6-1

EMC Characterization Continued

Electromagnetic

Emission Testing
Scope

Country

Standard

Radio Frequency Devices

Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment
Food and Drug Administration Reviewer Guideance for Pre-market Notification Submissions

US
US
US

FCC Part 15
FCC Part 18
FDA

Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Radio Frequency Equipment

EU

EN 55011

Broadcast Receivers and Associated Equipment

Generic Emissions - Residential, Commercial, Light Industrial

Int'l/EU

IEC 61000-6-3, EN 61000-6-3

Generic Emissions - Industrial

Int'l/EU

IEC 61000-6-4, EN 61000-6-4

Electrical Motor-Operated and Thermal Appliances for Household and Similar Purposes, Electric
Tools and Similar Electric Apparatus
Information Technology Equipment
Harmonic Current Emissions (usually done with Voltage Fluctuations, EN 61000-3-3)

EU

EN 55014-1

EU
EU

EN 55022
EN 61000-3-2

Information Technology Equipment

Australia, New Zealand

AS/NZS CISPR 22

Information Technology Equipment

BSMI

Japan
Taiwan

VCCI
CNS 13438

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Benefits of Good EMC design

Safety
Reduction

in expense

Increased

reliability

Legality

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Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Caused

by Static Electric Charge

Electrostatic Induction
Triboelectric charging
Effects

Harmful effects in industries Eg:Oil/Gas etc..

Reliability issue, Life time issues, performance issues etc..

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ESD Continued

Damage Prevention

in Electronics

Implementation of Electrostatic Discharge Prevented Area (EPA)

ESD protection during transit
Integration of ESD protection to the device (system/part)

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ESD Continued

ESD Association Handbook

Human Body Model(HBM)
Charged Device Model (CDM)

IEC 61000-4-2
International ESD immunity Test Standard

Note: ESD compliance is done both system level and device level.
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IEC 61000-4-2 International Standard:

Contact Discharge
Direct Contact Transfer Between Two Objects at Different Potentials

Air Discharge
A High Electrostatic Field between Two Objects when They are in
Close Proximity

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IEC 61000-4-2 International Standard:

Table: Overview of Threat Levels

Level

Test Voltage (Contact

Discharge)

Test Voltage (Air Discharge)

1 2kV

2kV

2 4kV

4kV

3 6kV

8kV

4 8kV

15kV

Note: The test set up does consider the relative humidity as well as the
materials used while conducting the test

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IEC 61000-4-2 International Standard:

Discharge

(ESD) Current Waveform

Severity Levels and Test Voltages

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IEC 61000-4-2 International Standard:

Test Results
EUT Test

Setup

Typical ESD Test Setup

Normal operation
specification

within

tolerance

of

Temporary degradation or loss in operation,

which is recovered by self-recovery function
Temporary degradation or loss in operation
or function, which is recoverable by user
intervention or system reset.
Damage of the system or software, and
unrecoverable degradation and loss of
function or data

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Electrical Fast Transient (EFT)

Generated
EFT

as result of gaseous discharge

is applicable to both power and data lines

IEC 61000-4-4 International EFT Immunity Test

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IEC 61000-4-4 International Standard

EFT Test Waveform
Test Setup

IEC 61000-4-4 Test Level

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Surge

Overvoltage

from switching / lightning transients

Power System Switching Transients

Lightning Transients
IEC

61000-4-5/EN61000-4-5

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IEC 61000-4-4 International Standard

IEC 61000-4-5 Voltage Impulse

IEC 61000-4-5 Current Impulse

Test Setup

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Theory of Protection
Suppress the

transient at source

Make

the coupling path inefficient

Make

the device less susceptible to the transient

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Typical Protection Scheme

Types:
Over

current protection

Over

voltage protection

Characteristics:
Primary

Secondary

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ESD,EFT and Surge Protection Devices

Types:
Unidirectional
Bidirectional

Characteristics:
Clamping
Low

dynamic resistance

TVS
Mapping

of the Dynamic behavior with target device

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ESD,EFT and Surge Protection Devices

Types:
Unidirectional
Bidirectional

Characteristics:
Crowbar

device

TSPD

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ESD,EFT and Surge Protection Devices

Types:
Unidirectional
Bidirectional

Characteristics:
Crowbar

GDT

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EMC Compliant RS485 Communication Port

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Protection Scheme-1

Protection Level

Bidirectional TVS array CDSOT23-SM712

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Protection Scheme-2

Bidirectional TVS array CDSOT23-SM712

TBU-CA065-200-WH
TISP4240M3BJR-S

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Protection Scheme-3

Bidirectional TVS array CDSOT23-SM712

TBU-CA065-200-WH
TISP4240M3BJR-S
2038-15-SM-RPLF

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Layout & Placement

Locate

the protection devices close to

the bus connector

Avoid

stubs connections

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Certified EMC Compliance for RS-485

Three Protection Circuits at Different Cost Points
VCC

RxD

TxD

EVAL-CN0313-SDPZ Contains

ADI RS-485 Transceivers

Bourns External Protection Components

GND

VCC

RxD

TxD

ESD
IEC61000-4-2

EFT
IEC61000-4-4

Surge*
IEC61000-4-5

8kV Contact
15kV Air

2kV

> 1kV

8kV Contact
15kV Air

2kV

> 4kV

8kV Contact
15kV Air

2kV

> 6kV

GND

VCC

RxD

TxD

R
D

B
B

* Surge rating depends on location of equipment, Interior vs.

Exterior, higher level application specifications, etc.

GND

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Analog Devices and EMC..

Components with integrated

ESD Protection
Overvoltage Protection
EMI Filters
Reference

Designs Complying to EMC Standards

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ADA4177-x ADA4077 with 32V OVP and EMI

Integrated Input OVP and EMI filters
Input OVP

Key Features and Benefits

Input
Voltage
(42V)

Input OVP and EMI Filters

Protects the inputs from damage
Easier to pass EMI susceptibility testing
Improves Time-to-Market
Improves system precision (to 50X)
Simplifies system design
Reduces BOM costs and PCB footprint
Rail-to-Rail Output improves dynamic range by 7%

32V > Power

Supply

Power
Supplies
(15V)
Output
Voltage
(15V)

32V < Power

Supply

Input EMI Filters

Applications

RF Signal

Front end amplifier for standardized sensor input in Process

Control
Instrumentation front ends
Motor control current sense

No Phase Reversal,
Oscillation, or Damage

Vos + Vrf

Unfiltered
Op Amp

Vout
GND

20dB Lower EMI

EMI Filtered
Op Amp

Vout

Vos
Vos

Vos + Vrf

GND

VOS

Offset Drift

Ib

Noise

Isy Max

Bandwidth

Op. Voltages

Temp

60 V Max

1 V/C Max

1 nA Max

8 nV/Hz

620 A

3.5 MHz

2.5 V 15 V

-40C - 125C

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Over-Voltage Protection Discrete versus Integrated

D1/D2

ROVP

Integrated Solution

External Solution

ESD (HBM) >4kV

>2kV

Current
Limiting FET
VCC

ESD

OVP

VIN
5k

JFET

5k

40V
Breakdown

BAS70-4-V

ADA4177-2

Typical Op
Am p

VEE

Reference: Analog Dialogue Volume 46, February 2012, Robust Amplifiers Provide Integrated Overvoltage Protection
http://www.analog.com/library/analogdialogue/archives/46-02/ovp.html Analog Devices Confidential Information

ADA4096-x 36V OPX96 Performance

36V, RRIO, Precision, Power, RRIO Op Amp with OVP
Key Features
Internal Input Over Voltage Protection (OVP)
Up to 32V beyond the Rails
Characterized OVP Parametric Impact
(compared to external OVP solutions)
Low Power: 60 A typical
Unity GBW: 800 kHz at Vsy = 15V typical
550 kHz at Vsy = 5V typical
475 kHz at Vsy = 1.5V typical
Low Offset Voltage: 35 V typical

Applications
Process Control (PLC/DSC)
Battery Monitoring and Current Shunt Sensing
Sensor Conditioning
Portable Instrumentation
Wireless Base Stations
Isy

GBW

Vos

Vos Drift

Noise

IB

Voltage

Temp Range

75 A max

800 kHz typ

300 V max

1 V/C typ

27 nV/ Hz typ

10 nA max

3 V - 30 V

-40C - 125C

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PLC Evaluation Board with EMC

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Reference
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/circuits/emc-emi/tutorial-basics-summary.php
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5941844&tag=1

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Thank You

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