SRM UNIVERSITY

RAMAPURAM PART- VADAPALANI CAMPUS, CHENNAI 600 026

Department of Mathematics
Sub Title: PROBABILITY AND QUEUING THEORY
Sub Code: MA1014
Unit -I - Probability and Random Variables
1. The Random variable which can take infinite number of values in an interval is called ..
(a) Random Variable (b) Continuous R.V (c) Discrete R.V (d) Range space
Ans: (b)
2. A random variable is said to be discrete if
a) its possible values can be counted or listed b) it can assume any real number within an interval
c) the rules of probability apply
3. The conditions satisfied by the pdf are
(a)
(c)

d) it can be represented graphically

Ans: (a)

p( x) 0 & p( x) 1 (b) f ( x) 0 & f ( x)dx 1

p( x) 0 & p( x) 0 (d) f ( x) 0 & f ( x)dx 1

Ans: (b)

4. A ________ describes the number of occurrences of an event over a specified interval of time or space.
a) Binomial random variable

b) Poisson random variable

c) Discrete random variable

d) Continuous random variable
5.The cumulative distribution function F(x) is a function of X.
(a) Increasing (b) non- increasing (c) non- decreasing (d) decreasing

Ans: (d)
Ans: (c)

6. After a coin is tossed 2 times. If X is the number of heads, what is the value of Px 0 ?
a) 0
7.

b) 1

c)

1
4

If X is a continuous R.V, then

(a) integrable (b) Constant

d)

1
2

Ans: (c)

d
F ( x) f ( x) at all points here F(x) is
dx
(c) 1

(d) Differentiable
Ans: (d)

Prepared by Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor, Department Of Mathematics, SRM University,

Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 1

8. The value of k from the following table is-----x

-2

-1

p(x)

0.1

0.2

2k

0.3

3k

(a) 1

(b) 1

(c) 1

(d) 2

15

10

9. The value of P(1 2 X 2 3) from the above table is ---(a) 0.5

(b)
(c) undefined
(d) 1

Ans: (c)

Ans: (c)

10.From the above table the value of P(X<2) is

(a) 1
11.

(b)

1
15

(c)

1
2

(d) 1

Ans: (c)

30

Consider a discrete random variable X that can assume the values 0,1, and 2 with probabilities 0.2,0.5, and 0.3
respectively. What is the expected value of X?
a) 1.1
b) 1
c) 0.9
d) 1.3
Ans: (a)

12. The Relation between Variance and Standard deviation is -----(b) var

(a) var S .D 2
(c) var S.D 0

S.D
(d) var 2 S .D

Ans: (a)

13. The Relation between Covariance and Mean is -----(a) cov( X , Y ) E ( XY ) E ( X ) E (Y )

(b) cov( X , Y ) E ( XY ) E ( X ) E (Y )
(c) cov( X , Y ) E ( XY ) ( E ( X ) E (Y )) 2

(d) cov( X , Y ) E ( XY ) 2 ( E ( X ) E (Y )) 2

14. The value of k if the pdf f ( x) kx2 e x , x 0 is -------(a) 0.5

(b)
(c) 0
(d) 1
15. Given that the p.d.f of a R.V. X is f ( x) kx, 0 x 1 . What is the value of k ?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Ans: (a)
Ans: (a)

Ans: (c)

16. If x is random variable then E ax b _____

a) aE (x)

b) aE ( x) b

c) a 2 E ( x)

d) a 2 E ( x) b

Ans: (b)

17. The Relation between Variance and Mean is -----(a) VarX E ( x) ( E ( x)) 2 (b) VarX E ( x 2 ) ( E ( x)) 2
(c) VarX ( E( x)) 2 E ( x 2 ) (d) VarX ( E ( x)) 2 E ( x)
18. If Var ( x) 4 find Var (3x 8) , where X is a random variable.
a) 11 b) 12
c) 24 d)36.

Prepared by Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor, Department Of Mathematics, SRM University,

Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Ans: (b)

Ans: (d)

Page 2

19. The functions of R.V

Y g (x) is given by

(a) h( y ) f ( x)

dx
dy

(b) h( x) f ( y )

dx
dy

(c) h( y ) f ( x)

dy
dx

(d) h( x) f ( y )

dy
dx

Ans: (a)

20. Let x be a random variable with density function f X x 2 x, 0 x 1 . If y 3x 6 , then the

range of y is
a) 0,1
b) 1,3 c) 3,6 d) 6,9

Ans: (d)

21. The generalized form of Tchebycheffs inequality is ------------

1
1
(b) P X k 1 2
2
k
k
1
1
(d) P X k 2
(c) P X k 2
k
k
(a) P X k 1

Ans: (a)

22. The conditions satisfied by the pmf is

(a) p( x) 0 &
(c) p( x) 0 &

p ( x) 1

(b) f ( x) 0 &

p ( x) 0

(d) f ( x) 0 &

f ( x)dx 1

f ( x)dx 1

Ans: (a)

23. If Var(X) = 4, then Var(4X+5) is

(a)89

(b) 69

(c) 64

(d) 9

Ans(c)

24. If X and Y are independent random variables with Var 2 and 3 respectively, Then
Var(3X+4Y) is (a) 66

(b) 7

(c) 25

(d) 18

Ans: (a)

25. If E(X) =3 ,then E(3X+4) is

(a) 15

(b) 13

(c) 9

(d) 10

Ans: (b)

26. Var(aX) is
(a) aVar(X)

(b) a2 Var(X)

(c) Var(X)

(d) 0

Ans: (b)

(d)Var(X)

Ans: (b)

27. Var (aX+b) =

(a) aVar(X)+b

(b) a2 Var(X)

(c)aVar(X)

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Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 3

28. Suppose X is a continuous random variable with probability density function f (x) . The moment generating
function (MGF) of X is
a) M X (t ) E (e tX )

c) M X (t ) E (e tX )

e tX f ( x)

b) M X (t ) E (e tX )

e tX f ( x)

tX

f ( x) dx

d) M X (t ) E (e tX ) e tX f ( x) dx

x 0

Ans: (b)

PART-B
1.

If a random variable X takes the values 1,2,3,4 such that

P(X=1)=3P(X=2)=P(X=3)=5P(X=4). Find the probability distribution of X

P( X 1)

Assume P(X=3) = By the given equation

Solution:

For a probability distribution ( and mass function)

P( X 2)

P(x) 1

P( X 4)

P(1)+P(2)+P(3)+P(4) =1

30
61
1

61
30
2 3
5
6
30
10
15
; P( X 4)
; P( X 2) ; P( X 3)
P( X 1)
61
61
61
61

The probability distribution is given by

2.

p ( x)

15
61

10
61

30
61

6
61

Let X be a continuous random variable having the probability density function

2
x 1
,

f ( x) 3
Find the distribution function of x.
x
0, otherwise

Solution:
x

1
1
1
F ( x) f ( x) dx
dx
3
2
2
x
1
1x
x
1
x

Prepared by Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor, Department Of Mathematics, SRM University,

Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 4

3.

A random variable X has the probability density function f(x) given by

x

x 0 . Find the value of c and CDF of X.

f ( x) cx e ,

0,

otherwise

Solution:

F x

f ( x) dx 1

cx e

f ( x) dx

0
x

dx 1

cx e

x
x

c x e e 1

0
c1 1

c 1

0
x

xe

dx

0
x
x

x e e

1 x e
4.

dx

A continuous random variable X has the probability density function f(x) given by
x
f ( x) ce
, x . Find the value of c and CDF of X.
Solution:

f ( x) dx 1

ce

2ce
2ce

dx 1
dx 1
dx 1

x
2c e 1

0
2c1 1
c

1
2

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Page 5

Case(i ) x 0
x

F x

f ( x) dx

x x

ce

dx

x x

dx

x
ce

1 x
e
2

Case(ii ) x 0
F x

f ( x) dx

x x

ce

dx

x x

0 x

e dx c e

x
c e

c ce

dx

0
x

c 2 e

x
1
2 e
2

1 x
e ,
x0

2
F ( x)
x
1
2 e , x 0

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Page 6

5.

2x

2 e
,
x 0 . Find the probability that it
If a random variable has the probability density f ( x)

0, otherwise
will take on a value between 1 and 3. Also, find the probability that it will take on value greater than 0.5.
Solution:

P(1 X 3)
P( X 0.5)

f ( x) dx

0.5

6.

3
2
6
2x
dx e
e e

2x

2x

f ( x) dx 2e

2e

0.5

1
2x
dx e
e

0.5

Is the function defined as follows a density function?

0,
1
f ( x) 3 2 x ,
18
0,

x2
2 x4
x4

Solution:
4

3 2 x 2
1

(
)
f
x
dx
x
dx

18
72

2
2
4

Hence it is density

function.
7.

The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a random variable X is F ( X ) 1 (1 x) e

the probability density function of X.

, x 0 . Find

f ( x) F x

x
x
0 1 x e 1 e

Solution:

xe
8.

x0

The number of hardware failures of a computer system in a week of operations has the following probability
mass function:
No of failures:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Probability : 0.18
0.28
0.25
0.18
0.06
0.04
0.01
Find the mean of the number of failures in a week.
Solution:

E( X )

x P( x)

(0)(0.18) (1)(0.28) (2)(0.25) (3)(0.18)

(4)(0.06) (5)(0.04) (6)(0.01)
1.92

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Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 7

9.

0 x 1
6 x(1 x),
Find the CDF of X.
elsewhere
0,

Given the p.d.f of a continuous r.v X as follows: f ( x)

Solution:
x

3
2
3
2
F ( x) f ( x) dx 6 x(1 _ x) dx 6 x _ 6 x dx 3x 2 x 3x 2 x

0
0
0
0

10.

A continuous random variable X has the probability function f ( x) k (1 x), 2 x 5 . Find P(X<4).
Solution:
4
5

f ( x)dx 1

k 1 x dx 1

2
5

1 x 2
k
1
2 2
27
k
1
2
2
k
27
4
16
2 1 x 2
1
2 4
1 x dx
P( X 4) f ( x) dx
25 9

27
27 2
25
27
2
2
2
4

11.

Given the p.d.f of a continuous R.V X as follows:

12.5 x 1.25
f ( x)
0,

0.1 x 0.5
elsewhere

Find P(0.2 < X < 0.3)

Solution:

P(0.2 X 0.3)

0.3

(12.5 x 1.25) dx

0.2
0.3

12.5
1.25 x

0.2

1.25 50.32 0.3 50.22 0.2

0.1875

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Page 8

12.

If the MGF of a continuous R.V X is given by M X t

Solution:

3
. Find the mean and variance of X.
3t
2

t
t t
t

1 1 ...
t
3
3 3
3
1
3
1
E ( X ) coefficien t of t 1!
is the mean
3
2
2
1
2

E ( X ) coefficien t of t 2! 2!
9
9

2
2
2 1 1
Variance E ( X ) E ( X )
9 9 9
3

M X t
3t

13.

t
1
If the MGF of a discrete R.V X is given by M X t
1 2e ,find the distribution of X.
81

Solution:

t
1
1
t
t
t
t

1 4C1 2e 4C 2 2e 4C3 2e 4C 4 2e
1
2
e

81
81

1
8 t 24 2t 32 3t 16 4t

e e e e
81 81
81
81
81
4

M X t

By

definition of MGF ,
tx
t
2t
3t
4t
M X t e p( x) p(0) p(1)e p(2)e p(3)e p(4)e
On comparison with above expansion the probability distribution is

p ( x)

1
81

1
8
81

24
81

32
81

16
81

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Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 9

14.

1
,

Find the MGF of the R.V X whose p.d.f is f ( x) 10

0 x 10

0, elsewhere

.Hence its mean.

Solution:
M X t

10

1 tx

10 e dx

10

tx
1 e

10 t

10t
1 e
1

t
10

2
3

1
100t
1000t

t
1
10
....
1

10t
2!
3!

1000 2
t .....
1 5t
31
Mean coefficien t of t 5

15.

Given the probability density function

f ( x)

1 x

Solution:

f ( x) dx 1

1 x

dx 1

F ( x)

1 1

k tan tan 1

k 1
2 2
1
k

, x , find k and C.D.F.

f ( x) dx

1 x

1
k tan x
1

dx
x

1 1
tan x

1 1 1
tan tan x

1 1
1
1
tan x cot x
2

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Page 10

16.

2 x , 0 x 1
0 , elsewhere

Given the r.v X with density function f ( x)

Find the pdf of y 8 x 3
The pdf of y is given by

Soln:

f Y ( y ) f X ( x)

dx
dy

Where y 8 x 3

y
y 3
x x
8
8
3

dx 1 y 3 1 1 y 3

dy 3 8 8 24 8
2

1 y 3
f Y ( y) 2 x

24 8
1

2 y 3 y 3
2 y3

24 8 8
24 8

0 x 1 0 y 8

12

1
8 3 1
y 3
6
y

f Y ( y)
17.

1
1
y 3 , 0 y 8
6

If the pdf of X is f X ( x) 2 x , 0 x 1 , then find the pdf of Y = 3 x + 1

Soln: The pdf of Y is given by f Y ( y ) f X ( x)

Y=3x+1 x

dx
, where Y = 3 x + 1
dy

y 1
3

dx 1
dx 1

dy 3
dy 3
f Y ( y) 2 x

1 2 y 1 2

( y 1) , 1 y 4
3 3 3 9

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Page 11

PART-C
1. The density function of a random variable X is given by f ( x) kx2 x , 0 x 2 . Find k, mean ,
variance and rth moment.
Solution:
2

f x dx 1
0

k 2x x

dx 1

k 4 1
3

kx2 x dx 1
0

x3
k x 2 1
3 0

3
k
4

2 r
3

r x x2 x dx
4
0

r 2
3 2 r 1
2 x
x
dx
4

r 3
r 2
3 x
x

4 r 2 r 3

r 3
r 3
3 2
2

4 r 2 r 3

3 r 3 1
1
1
r
2

6 2

4
r 2 r 3
r 2r 3
24
6
12
put r = 1,2 1
1 2

34
45 5
6
1
Mean = 1 and variance = 2 2 1
1
5
5

2. The monthly demand for Allwyn watches is known to have the following probability distribution.
Demand:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Probability: 0.08
0.3k 0.19
0.24
k2
0.1
0.07
0.04
Determine the expected demand for watches. Also, compute the variance.
Solution:

P( x) 1
2

(0.08) (0.3k ) (0.19) (0.24) (k ) (0.1) (0.07))(0.04) 1

2

k 0.3k 0.28 0 k 0.4

E ( X ) x P( x) (1)(0.18) (2)(0.12) (3)(0.19)

(4)(0.24) (5)(0.16) (6)(0.1) (7)(0.07) (8)(0.04)

4.02 is the mean
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Page 12

E( X )

x P( x) (1)(0.18) (4)(0.12) (9)(0.19)

(16)(0.24) (25)(0.16) (36)(0.1) (49)(0.07) (64)(0.04)
19.7
2

Variance E ( X ) E ( X ) 19.07 4.02 3.54

3. The distribution of a random variable X is given by F ( X ) 1 (1 x) e
mean and variance.
Solution:

, x 0 .Find the rth moment,

f ( x) F x

x
x
0 1 x e 1 e

(i)

xe

x0

(ii)

r
r
E X r x f ( x) dx

xe

dx

0
r 1 x

dx

r 1!

(iii) E X 1 1 1! 2
2
2
2
(iv) E X 2 2 1! 6 Variance = E X E ( X ) 2

4. Suppose that the duration X in minutes of long distance calls from your home, follows exponential law
x

1
5
, x 0 . Find p(X > 5), p(3X6),mean and variance.
with p.d.f f ( x) e

Solution:
(i) p( X 5)

f ( x) dx 5 e

(ii) p(3 X 6)

f ( x) dx

5 e

x
5

x
1

dx e 5 e

x
5

x
1.2
0.5

dx e 5 e
e

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Page 13

(iii)

E( X )

xf ( x) dx 5

xe

x
5

dx

x
x

1
xe 5 5 e 5 25
5

0
1
0 25 5
5

2
(iv) E ( X )

f ( x) dx

1 2
x e

x
5

dx

x
x
x

1 2 5
x e 5 2 xe 5 25 2e 5 125
5

1
0 250 50
5
2
2
Variance = E X E ( X ) 50 25 25

5. A random variable X has the following probability distribution.

X:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
f(x):
0
k
2k
2k
3k
k2
2k2
Find
(i) the value of k
(ii) p(1.5 < X < 4.5 | X > 2)

7k2+ k

(iii) the smallest value of such that p(X) >

1
.
2

Solution:

P( x) 1

0 k 2k 2k 3k k
10k
k

9k 1 0

2k

k 1,

7k

k 1

1
10

1
0.1
10

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Page 14

A 1.5 X 4.5 2,3,4

B X 2 3,4,5,6,7

(ii) A B 3,4

p(1.5 X 4.5 | X 2) p A | B

p A B
p(3,4)

p B
p(3,4,5,6,7)

5
2k 3k
5k
5

10
2
2
2
2
7
7
2k 3k k 2k 7k k 10k 6k
10
(iii)
X
0
p(X) 0

1
0.1

2
2k = 0.2

F(X)

0.1

4
2k = 0.2

0.3

0.5

5
3k=0.3

k2=0.01

0.8

0.81

6
2k2 = 0.02

7
7k2+k = 0.17

0.83

1
and the smallest value is 4
2

From the table for X = 4,5,6,7 F(X) >

Therefore = 4.
6. Find the MGF of triangular distribution whose density function is given by

0 x1
x,
2 x , 1 x 2

.Hence its mean and variance.

f ( x)
0, elsehwere

Solution:

tx
tX
M X t E e e f x dx

1 tx

2 tx

x dx e

2 x dx

1
1

tx
tx
tx

tx
e
e
e
e

2 x
1
x

2
2

t
t
t 1
t 0

2t

1 e
e
e
e
e

2
2
2
2
t
t
t
t
t
t
M X t

2t

2e 1
t

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Page 15

expanding the above in powers of t, we get

2
3
4

1 2t 4t 8t 16t ...

t
2t
2!
3!
4!
e 2e 1 1

M X t

2
2
2
3
4

t
t

t
t
t

. 1
21 t
2! 3! 4!

3
4
2

1 2t
6t
14t

...

2 2!
3!
4!
t

7t
t
1 t

....
12
4
Mean = E(X) = (coefficient of t) 1! = 1
E(X2) = ( coefficient of t2)2! =

7
6

1
6

Variance = E(X2) - E(X)2 =

7. Find the MGF of the RV X, whose pdf is given by f ( x)

1 x
e
, x . Hence its mean and
2

variance.
Solution:

tx
tX
M X t E e e f x dx

tx x

0 tx x

0 t 1x

dx e e

dx

0
1 t x

dx e

dx

1 t x
t 1x
e
e

1 t
t 1
0

M X t

1 1
1

2 1 t 1 t

1
1 t

1 t t ....

Mean = E(X) = (coefficient of t) 1! = 0

E(X2) = ( coefficient of t2)2! =2
Variance = E(X2) - E(X)2 = 2

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Page 16

8. The p.m.f of a RV X, is given by p( X j )

2
Solution:

M X t E etX

e
x 0

tx

tx

, j 1,2,3... Find MGF, mean and variance.

p( x)

1
2x

et

x 0 2

et et et et
....
2 2 2 2

et

2
et

et
1
2

et

2

et

2

et

2

..

1
et

2 et
et
1
2

Differentiating twice with respect to t

t t t t

t
2 e e e e
2e

M X t

2
2
t
t

2 e
2 e

M X t

t t
t
t
t

2 e 2e 2e 2 2 e e

2 e

4e 2e

2t

2 e

put t = 0 above E( X ) M X 0 2

E X 2 M X 0 6

Variance E X 2 E X 6 4 2
2

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9. Find MGF of the RV X, whose pdf is given by f x e

moments.

, x 0 and hence find the first four central

Solution:

M X t E e tX

e f x dx

tx

e tx e x dx
0

e t x dx
0

e t x

t 0

Expanding in powers of t

1
t t t

1 ...
M X t
t 1 t

Taking the coefficient we get the raw moments about origin

E X coefficien t of t 1!

2
2
2
E X coefficien t of t 2!
2

E X 3 coefficien t of t 3 3!
E X 4 coefficien t of t 4 4!

3
24

Prepared by Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor, Department Of Mathematics, SRM University,

Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 18

and the central moments are

1 0

2 2 2C11 1 1

2
2

3 3 3C1 2 1 3C 2 1 1 1

2 1

1 1

4 4 4C1 3 1 4C 2 2 1 4C3 1 1

24

6 1

2 1

1
10. If the MGF of a (discrete) RV X is

5 4e

find the distribution of X and p ( X = 5 or 6).

Solution:

M X t

1
1

5 4e t
4e t
51
5

1 4e t
1
5 5

By definition

4e t

5

2
3

4e t
...

tX
M X t E e

tx

e p ( x)

1 e

t0

t2

16
125

p3

p(0) e p(1) e

p(2) ...

On comparison

p(0)

p1

1
5
r

1 4
In general p X r ,
5 5

4
25

p2

64
625

r 0,1,2,3

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Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 19

p X 5 or 6 p X 5 p X 6
5

1 4 1 4

5 5 5 5

1 4

5 5

4
1
5

9 4

25 5

3x

11.If X has the probability density function f x k e

Find (i) k (ii) p(0.5 X1) (iii) Mean of X.
Solution:
(i)

, x0

f ( x) dx

p (0.5 X 1)

0.5

3e

3 x

dx

0.5

e 3 x
3

3 0.5
e 3 e 1.5
(iii)

Mean E X

x f ( x) dx
0

3x e 3 x dx
0

e 3 x e 3 x
3 x

3
9 0

1 1
3
9 3

1
,

12.If a RV X has the pdf f ( x) 4

x2

0, otherwise

Obtain (i) p(X <1)

(ii) p( X >1)

(iii) p( 2X+3 > 5)

(iv) p ( X < 0.5 | X < 1

Solution:
1

(i) p( X < 1) =

4 dx 4 x

1
2

3
4

Prepared by Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor, Department Of Mathematics, SRM University,

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(ii) p( X 1) =

4 dx 4 x
1

1
1

Hence p( X >1)= 1 - p( X 1) =

1
2

1
2

(iii) p( 2X+3 > 5) = p( X > 1 ) = 1- p( X 1) = 1-

(iv) p ( X < 0.5 | X < 1) =

3 1
=
4
4

p( X 0.5 X 1)
p( X 1)

p( 0.5 X 0.5 X 1)
p( X 1)

p( 0.5 X 0.5 )
p( X 1)

4 dx x

0.5
0.5

3
4

1
3

13. If X has the distribution function

0,
1
,
3
1
F x ,
2
5 ,
6
1,

x 1
1 x4
4 x6
6 x 10
x 10

(1) Probability distribution of X (2) p(2<X<6) (3) Mean (4) variance

Solution:
(1)As there is no x terms in the distribution function given is a discrete random variable. Hence the

X
probability distribution is given by

(2) p(2<X<6) = p(4) =

p( X )

1
3
1
3

1 1

2 3
1

5 1

6 2
1
3

10
1

5
6

1
6

1
6

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Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 21

(3) Mean = E(X) =

1 95
1
1
1
p( x) 1 16 36 100
3
6
3
6
3
95 196 89
Variance = E(X2) E(X)2 =
=
3
9
9
(4) E(X2) =

14. A continuous random variable X has the distribution function

x 1

:
0

4
F ( x) k 1 x :
0
:

1 x 3
x 3

Find k, the probability density function f(x) and P(X <2).

Solution:
Since it is a distribution function

F () F (3) 1

k 3 14 1
k

1
16

1 x , 1 x 3
1
3
The density function is f x F x
41 x
4
16
3

p(X < 2) = F(2) =

1
2 14 1
16
16

1 2 , x 2
x

0
,
x2

14. If the cumulative distribution function of a R.V X is given by F x

find

(ii) P(4 < X < 5) (iii) P ( X 3).

(i) P(X < 3)

Solution:
(i) P(X < 3) = F(3) = 1

4
3

5
9

4 21 3
9
4

2
25 4 100
5
4

5 4
4
(iii) P ( X 3) = 1- F(3) = 1 - 1
= 1=

2
9 9
3

(ii) P( 4 < X < 5) = F(5) - F(4) = 1

Prepared by Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor, Department Of Mathematics, SRM University,

Vadapalani Campus,Chennai-26

Page 22