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  • Chapter 11 Ex. 5: Aspirin

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    It is estimated that 80 billion aspirin tablets per year are consumed. Aspirin is listed in more than 50 over-the-counter drugs in which aspirin is listed principle active ingredient.

    Оригинальное название

    Aspirin

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    It is estimated that 80 billion aspirin tablets per year are consumed. Aspirin is listed in more than 50 over-the-counter drugs in which aspirin is listed principle active ingredient.

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    38 просмотров2 страницы

    Chapter 11 Ex. 5: Aspirin

    Загружено:

    Link Worx Seo
    It is estimated that 80 billion aspirin tablets per year are consumed. Aspirin is listed in more than 50 over-the-counter drugs in which aspirin is listed principle active ingredient.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 2

    TyWhalin

    TechnicalCommunications
    23October2003

    Chapter11Ex.5

    Aspirin

    Itisestimatedthat80billionaspirintabletsperyearareconsumed.Aspirinislistedin
    morethan50overthecounterdrugsinwhichaspirinislistedprincipleactiveingredient.
    Afteracenturyofdevelopmentaspirinhasbecomethefocusofclinicaltrialsranging
    fromcardiovasculardiseaseandcancertomigraineheadachesandhighbloodpressurein
    pregnancy.Whatisitaboutthisdrugthat,atsmalldosesreducesfeverandeasesminor
    achesandpains,andatcomparativelylargedosescombatspainandinflammationin
    rheumatoidarthritisandseveralotherrelateddiseases?

    Theanswerisnotfullyknown,butinthe1970s,aBritishpharmacologist,JohnVane,
    Ph.D.,notedthatmanyformsoftissueinjurywerefollowedbythereleaseof
    prostaglandins.Theseprostaglandinscauserednessandfever,commonsignsof
    inflammation.Aspirincanalsopreventbloodplateletsfromaggregating.This
    explanationofhowaspirinandothernonsteroidalantiinflammatorydrugs,prompted
    laboratoryandclinicalscientisttoformandtestnewideasaboutaspirin.Interestwas
    quicklyfocusedonlearningwhetheraspirinmightpreventthebloodclotsresponsiblefor
    heartattacks.About1,250,000peoplesufferfromheartattackseachyearintheUnited
    States,andsome500,000thousandofthemdieeachyear.

    Couldaspirinhelp?
    Tolearnwhetheraspirincouldbehelpful,scientisthascarriedoutnumerouslarge
    randomizedcontrolledclinicalstudies.Inthesestudies,aspirinorplacebowasgivento
    participants.Theinvestigatorsdidntknowwhichpersonreceivedtheaspirinorplacebo.
    Thisallowedclearandtruthfulresults.Studieshaveshownthataspirinsubstantially
    reducestheriskofdeathornonfatalheartattacksinpatientswithapreviousMIor
    unstableanginapectoris,whichoftenoccursbeforeaheartattack.

    AspirinforHealthyPeople?
    Onceaspirinsbenefitsforpatientswithcardiovasculardiseasewereestablished,scientist
    soughttolearnwhetherregularaspirinusewouldpreventafirstheartattackinhealthy
    individuals.Therewere22,000malephysiciansbetween40and84withnopriorhistory
    ofheartdiseasetested.Halftookoneaspirintableteveryotherday,andhalftook
    placebo.Investigatorsfoundthatthegrouptakingaspirinhadasubstantialreductionin
    therateoffatalandnonfatalheartattackscomparedwiththeplacebogroup.However,
    therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthesegroups.

    TheU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForce,apanelofmedicalscientificauthoritiesin
    healthpromotionanddiseaseprevention,recommendedthatlowdosesofaspirintherapy
    shouldbeconsideredformenage40andoverwhoareatsignificantlyincreasedrisk
    formmyocardialinfarctionandwholackcontraindicationstoaspirinuse.Avarietyof
    possibleusesofaspirinare:preventingtheseverityofmigraineheadaches,improving
    circulationtothegumstherebyarrestingperiodontaldisease,preventingcertaintypesof
    cataracts,loweringtheriskofrecurrenceofcolorectalcancer,andcontrollingthe
    dangerouslyhighbloodpressurethatoccursin5to15percentofpregnancies.Noneof
    theseusesforaspirinhasshownconclusivelytobesafeandeffective.TheFDAproposed
    newlabelingmethodsbecauseofthemisuseofaspirin.

    TheOtherSideofTheCoin
    Whileexaminingnewpossibilitiesforaspirinindiseasetreatmentandprevention,
    scientistdonotlosesightofthefactthatevenatlowdosesaspirinisnotharmless.
    Aspirinsantiplateletactivityapparentlyaccountsforhemorrhagicstrokes,causedby
    bleedingintothebrain,inasmallbutsignificantpercentageofpersonswhousethedrug
    regularly.Newunderstandingsofhowaspirinworksandwhatitcandoleavesnodoubt
    thatthedrugahsafarbroaderrangeofusesthanimagined[nearlyacenturyago].Until
    somecriticalverdictsarehandeddown,consumersarewelladvisedtoregardaspirin
    withappropriatecaution.

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