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Applied Physics I
Tutorial Sheet: 1 (Module I : Electromagnetic Theory)
1. If a vector A i 2k , find the magnitude and the direction cosines of this vector.
2. If
A 2 j 3k
3. If
A 2i 2 j k
A.B ,
and (b) A B .
operator.
5. Explain the terms (a) gradient, (b) divergence, (c) curl by bringing out their physical
significance.
6. Prove that:
, (b)
(c)
div grad 2 .
8. If
r xi yj zk ,
div
9. If r is the position vector of a point, then show that 3 0 .
r
2
2
2
10. The potential function in an electric field is represented as Vx , y , z C x y z ,
is
scalar
field
and
is
vector
field,
prove
that
3. If
A x 2 zi 2 y 3 z 2 j xy 2 zk ,
div A ,
(b)
curl A
at the point
(2,2,2).
grad r n ,
r
1
3 , where r
r
r
E z 0 , show that
div E 0 .
10. If r is a position vector of a point, show that: (a) div r 3 , (b) div (r / r 3 ) 0 , (c)
4i 8 j 3k ,
electric flux through a surface of area 400 units lying in y-z plane.
2. State and prove Gausss law in electrostatics. Derive Coulombs law from Gausss
law.
3. State and prove Amperes circuital law in electromagnetism.
4. Write the Maxwells equations in free space in both integral and differential form.
Give the physical significance of each equation.
5. Derive Maxwells equations in differential and integral form.
6. Show that equation of continuity is contained in Maxwells equations.
7. Explain the propagation of plane electromagnetic waves in free space and show that
the electromagnetic waves propagate with the speed of light in free space. Also prove
that the em waves are transverse in nature.
D
B
8. Using Maxwells electromagnetic equations: curl E
and curl H J
,
t
t
div B 0
and (b)
div D
div D
D
and curl H J
,
t
11. If the amplitude of H in a plane wave is 1 A/m, calculate the magnitude of E for
plane wave in free space.
12 R
.
1 2
10. Explain the operation of a gas Laser with essential components. How stimulated
emission takes place with exchange of energy between Helium and Neon atom?
11. What is the difference between the working principle of three level and four level
lasers. Give an example of each type. How a four level Laser is superior to a three
level Laser.
12. Explain why population inversion is essential for laser action to take place.
10
(2)
Describe the Michelson Morley experiment and discuss the importance of its
negative result.
6
8
6238 A , v 3 10 cm / s , and c 3 10 m / s .
4. State the fundamental postulates of Einstein special theory of relativity and deduce
from them the Lorentz Transformation Equations.
5. What is proper length? Explain relativistic length contraction on the basis of special
theory of relativity?
6. Give an example to show that time dilation is real effect.
7.
What do you mean by proper time interval? Explain relativistic time dilation on the
basis of special theory of relativity?
8. A rod has length 100 cm. When the rod is in a satellite moving with velocity 0.9 c
relative to the laboratory, what is the length of the rod as measured by an observer (i)
in the satellite, and (ii) in the laboratory?.
11
26. (i) Derive a relativistic expression for kinetic energy of a particle in terms of
momentum. (ii) Show that the momentum of a particle of rest mass m0 and kinetic
energy Ek , is given by p
Ek2
2m0 Ek .
c2
13