Chimera

Individual having more than one genetically distinct population of cells that originated
from more than one zygote

Mosaicism

Animal that has more than one cytogenetically distinct population of cells.eg in a
human mosaic some of cells might be 46, XX and some 47, XXX.

HIV gene code for p24 antigen--> gag

In Sickle cell anemia deoxygenated Hb leads to exposure of sticky end d/t replacement of
polar by non-polar residue.
Zinc fingers serve as binding sites for hormones that--> alter transcription rates
Post-transcriptional modification of mRNA Splicing--> removal of introns (if splicing is defective it leads to beta-thalassemia &
Spinal muscular dystrophy)
Poly-A tail 3 end
Stabilize RNA
help exit from Nucleus
Proof reading by DNA Polymerase occurs in 3 5 direction.
GTP is required during translocation of tRNA-nascent protein complex from A to P sites.
Types of banding in cytogenetics G-banding- obtained with Giemsa stain following digestion of chromosome with trypsin.
The dark regions tend to be heterochromatic, late replicating AT rich and inactive. The
light regions tend to be euchromatic, early replicating and GC rich
R-banding- reverse of G-banding(R stands for reverse)
C-banding- stains Centromeres
Q-banding- fluoresecent pattern obtained using quinacrine for staining. Pattern of bands is
very similar to that seen in G-banding
T-banding- visualize telomeres

Cloning Denaturation- Splitting of double strand of DNA into two single strandsat temperature of 94
degree celcius
Annealing- requires RNA primer
Elongation- a polymerase enzyme which will be active at a higher temperature eg. Taq
polymerase

Q. The only codon for tryptophan is UGG. The antiocodon portion of the tRNA that carries
tryptophan is most likely to be1. ACC
2. UGG
3. TCC
4. CCA---------ans
Explanation- The anticodon on the tRNA molecule binds to the codon on the message because the two
are complementary to each other. Complementary base sequences are of opposite polarities, or
directions. By convention, nucleic acid sequences are written in the 5-->3 direction. The anticodon
complementary to the codon 5 UGG 3 would be 3ACC 5 or by convention, 5CCA 3
74. Z-DNA has1. Right handed helix and has 10 base pairs per 360* turn
2. Right handed helix and has 11 base pairs per 360* left
3. Left handed helix and has 10 base pairs per 360* turn
4. Left handed helix and has 12 base pairs per 360* turn---------ans

75. On complete hydrolysis of DNA we will get all the following except1. Deoxy pentose sugar
2. Phosphoric acid
3. Adenosine---------------ans (found when not hydrolysed completely)
4. Purine bases
80. microRNA function1. Gene regulation--------------ans
2. DNA conformation
3. RNA Splicing
4. Translation
83. Introns are not +nt in1. Nuclear DNA
2. Mit. DNA---------------ans
3. Z DNA
4. B DNA
Discussion- Therefore mitochondrial DNA have 6-7 times more chances of mutation
84. The End Codon of t-RNA at poly(A)''tail codes for1. Poly alanine
2. Poly proline
3. Poly lysine--------------ans
4. Poly glycine
85. Nucleic acid absorb light at wavelength of 260 nm due to1. Ribose
2. Phosphates
3. Histone proteins
4. Purine and pyrimidines-------------ans
86. Proteins binding to DNA has1. Copper
2. Zinc---------------ans
3. Cobalt
4. Iron
87. Which of the following is true about Wobble hypothesis1. Each amino acid is represented by only one codon
2. Base in third position of codon has reduced specificity for the same amino acid-------------ans
3. Actively transported sugars are usually hexoses
4. Surface tension lowering substances get concentrated at interface
Discussion- Wobble hypothesis-->Proposed by 'watson and crick'
88. Null mutation is1. Mutation which produces no functional gene product
2. A mutation which leads to termination of proteins----------------ans
3. A mutation which will not produce an alteration of product
4. A mutation which occurs in the non coding sequence
Discussion-

Non-sense (Null)

Stop Codon

Mis-sense

Code for different Amino acid

Silent-mutation

Code for same AminoAcid eg. AUG/AUC (Both for methionine)

89. The sigma subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase1. Binds the Antibiotic Rifampicin
2. Is inhibited by alpha Amanitine
3. Specifically recognize the promoter site-----------ans
4. Is part of the core enzyme
91. The most common in causation of Xeroderma Pigmentosum is1. DNA polymerase-3
2. DNA polymerase-1-----------ans
3. DNA excinuclease
4. DNA ligase
Discussion- In a healthy, normal human being, the damage is first excised, "cut out" by
endonucleases. DNA polymerase then repairs the missing sequence, and ligase"seals" the transaction.
This process is known as nucleotide excision repair.
92*. Shine Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA is near1. AUG----------------ans
2. UAA
3. UAG
4. UGA
93. Blue-white Color screen technique is Used in DNA cloning for1. To detect host DNA
2. To Screen for recombinant vectors
3. To find out the new cloned fragment of DNA
4. To find out the plasmid incorporated in DNA---------ans
94. PCR uses1. Ca++
2. Mg++-------ans
3. Li+
4. Na+
95. All are substrates required for PCR except1. Taq Polymerase
2. d-NTP
3. Primer
4. Radiolabelled DNA probe---------ans
96. All are true about translation in eukaryotes except1. The mRNA is translated from 5 to 3 end
2. 1st amino acid is formylated--------------------------------------------------------------ans
3. Capping at 5 end in mRNA is helpful in recognition translator mechanism
4. It requires GTP to GDP transformation
97. Ribosome has following enzyme activity1. Peptidyl transferase-----------------------------ans
2. Amine acyl tRNA synthesis

3. Peptidase
4. Carboxylase
99. Carbamoyl phosphate is involved in the synthesis of1. Purine and uric acid
2. Purine and pyrimidine
3. Purine and urea
4. Pyrimidine and urea------------ans
100. One of the following mutations is potentially lethal1. Substitution of adenine for cytosine
2. Substitution of methylcytosine for cytosine
3. Substitution of guanine for cytosine
4. Insertion of one base----------------------------------------------ans