Biology 4B Study Guide for Lab Exam 1

(Exercises 1, 11, 12, 13, 15). Know the functions of the structures.
Although a majority of the questions will be asking you to identify
the structure, there may be a few functions asked. Be able to
identify the specimens used in the lab by slides, preserved
specimens, and live specimens. See your handouts to know what
slides and preserved materials was used. Also know any models
and charts used in lab to help understand the organisms or
structures. Again see the handouts and pre-lab notes to know what
models and charts were used.

Exercise 1: General Microscope use

1.

Know the parts of the compound microscope and dissecting scope and be
able to use either.
2. Be able to measure something in the compound microscope.
3. Understand the use of objectives and their magnification along with total
magnification.
4. Know the proper way how to carry and put your microscope away.
Exercise 11: Evidences of Evolution
1. Be able to define the terms presented in this lab.
2. Understand how natural selection operates and its affect on the genetic
makeup of a population such as dandelions.
3. Have a general idea of how old the earth is and the sequence of some of the
major life forms.
4. Be able to compare and recognize primitive and advanced characteristics of
skull structure of human ancestors and relatives.
5. Be able to recognize the evolutionary relationships and features among
Dryopithecus (from a photograph or drawing), Australopithecus species (from
skulls or drawings of skulls), and the various Homo species (from skulls or
drawings of skulls).
Exercise 12: Taxonomy: Classifying and Naming Organisms
1. Understand how scientific names are used.
2. Be able to understand and use a dichotomous Key
3. Know the basic structures used to key out certain trees or shrubs
Exercise 13: Bacteria and Protists
1.

Know the taxonomy of the bacteria and their main characteristics.

2. Understand how bacteria are cultured and how the use of Petri plates can be
use to grow and experiment with them.
3. Know the shapes and names of the shapes of the various bacteria studied in
lab.
4. Understand the experiment performed in lab on the growth of bacteria.
5. Know the taxonomy of the Kingdom Protista as presented in the lab manual
(or the text).
6. Know the characteristics, structures, and life history (life cycle) of the various
protists observed in lab (including oomycetes or water molds, amoebae,
Apicomplexans such as Plasmodium, and the euglenozoans such as
trypansosomes, and Trichonympha, all the algae studied in lab such as
diatoms, dinoflagellagelates, red algae, brown algae (including the rockweeds
and kelp), and the green algae (including Chlamydomonas and Ulva.
7. Know the ecological and economic importance of the various protists as
presented in lab.
Exercise 15: Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants
1.

Understand and be able to use the life cycle know as alternation of

generations.
2. Know the difference between heteromorphic and isomorphic alternation of
generations.
3. Understand the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants in terms
of gametophyte/sporophyte dominance and xylem and phloem.
4. Understand the anatomy and significance of the charophytes (such as Chara).
5. Know the structure and function of the oogonia, archegonia, antheridia,
sporangia, and gemmae.
6. Know the general structures found on the liverwort.
7. Know the general structures found on the mosses.
8. Know the life cycle of the moss.
9. Know taxonomy and structures of the vascular plants including the
lycophytes (club mosses such as Lycopodium and Selaginella).
10.Know the pterophytes including whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns in terms of
taxonomy and structure/function.
11.Know the life cycle of the fern.
12.Know the structure and function of the parts of a fern sporophyte and
gametophyte including frond, rhizome, root, sori, sprorangia, spores, rhizoids,
antheridia, archegonia, eggs, and sperm.
13.Be able to identify the parts of rhizome from a slide on the microscope.