Fabric Inspection Guidelines

Fabric inspection focuses on fault/defect rate color, end to end and edge to middle shading,
hand/handle and appearance. The client will select the appropriate fault rate and standard to
determine the acceptance of each shipment. This will minimize the quantity of panels or
garments rejected for fabric faults, thereby ensuring the quality of the finished goods. The
following aspects are assessed: Color, Fabric Faults,Shading , Usable Width ,Fabric
Hand/Handle Length, Appearance, Packaging, - See more at:
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Fabric Sampling Plan

The following sampling plan lists the minimum quantity of fabric for each pattern, color way, or
print, which must be inspected. All rolls to be sampled will be randomly selected by the
inspector. Once a roll has been selected, no adjustments will be made.
SAMPLE PLAN
Lots Size
Meters
0 - 2,500
not less than 500 0 - 2,300
2,501 - 5,000 251 - 500
2,301 - 4500
5,001 - 20,000 400 - 1,600
4,501 18,300
20,001 - 30,000 1,200 - 1,800
18,301 27,400
Lot Size Yards Inspection Yards

Inspection
Meters
not less than 460
230 - 450
360 - 1465
1,100 1,645

Percentage of Total Lot

20%
10%
8%
6%

All inspected rolls will be identified with an inspection tag. This tag may not be removed by
anyone prior to the production cutting.
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Fabric Inspection Documentation

To ensure proper documentation on the Inspection report the following should be correctly
recorded.

Mill Name

Fabric P.O. Number

Mill / Supplier roll number

Roll length
o Ticketed

o Actual
o Difference between ticketed and actual

Recorded cuttbale width

o 1st Measurement At the start of the roll at least 2 meters or yards into the roll
o 2nd Measurement At the middle of the roll
o 3rd Measurement At the end of the roll at least 2 meters or yards before the end

Number of defect points per roll by 4 point system

Defect result calculated by roll in points/ 100 Sq Yards/Meters

Inspector comments if any per roll

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Common Defects of Fabrics
Common Defects of Fabrics during manufacturing process includes back fabric seam impression,
birds eye, bowing, broken colour pattern, colour out, colour smears, crease mark, drop stitching,
dye streak in printing, hole, jerk in, knots, mixed yarn, mottled, needle line, open reed, pin holes,
press off etc. - See more at: http://www.textileschool.com/articles/357/common-defects-offabrics#sthash.em9sqzbK.dpuf

Common fabric defects and its causes:

Often inspectors are given the responsibility of inspecting finished garments without adequate
training in fabric defects and their causes. The ultimate solution, of course, is to provide actual
examples or photographs of both major and minor defects. This section provides a list of defects
and explanations and simplifies the language and the judgments used in making visual fabric
evaluations. The Quality Control Manager can provide this list to inspectors as a practical tool
for achieving uniform inspection decisions.
Major and Minor Defects
The following definitions are central to fabric inspection:
Major Defect - A defect that, if conspicuous on the finished product, would cause the item to be
a second. (A "second" is a garment with a conspicuous defect that affects the salability or service

ability of the item.

Minor Defects - A defect that would not cause the product to be termed a second either because
of severity or location. When inspecting piece goods prior to cutting, it is necessary to rate
questionable defects as major, since the inspector will not know where the defect may occur on
the item.

Defect
Askewed or
Bias
Back Fabric
Seam
Impression
Barre
Birds Eye
Burl Mark
Bowing

Cause
Severity
Condition where filling yarns are not square with wrap yarns on
woven fabrics or where courses arenot square with wale lines on Major or Minor
knits.
Backing fabric is often used to cushion fabric being printed. If
there is a joining seam in the backing fabric, an impression will Major
result on printed fabric.
Occurs in circular knit. Caused by mixing yarn on feed into
Usually Major
machine. Fabric will appear to have horizontal streaks.
Birds eye often caused by unintentional tucking from
Major or Minor
malfunctioning needle. Usually two small distorted stitches
depending on
caused side by side.
severity
When a slub or extra piece of yarn is woven intothe fabric, it is
often removed by a "burling tool."This will usually leave an
Major
open place in the fabric.
Usually caused by finishing. Woven filling yarns lie in an arc
across fabric width. It is critical on stripes or patterns and not as Major or Minor
critical on solid color fabrics.

Broken Color
Usually caused by colored yarn out of place on frame.
Pattern
Color out is the result of color running low in reservoir on
Color Out
printing machine.
Color Smears are the result of color being smeared during
Color Smears
printing.
Differs from crease streak in that streak will probably appear for
an entire roll. Crease mark appears when creases are caused by
Crease Mark
fabric folds in the finishing process. Often discoloration is a
problem.
Occurs in tubular knits. Results from creased fabric passing
Crease Streak through squeeze rollers in dyeing process.Depending on the
product.
Drop stitching is resulted from malfunctioning needle or jack
Drop Stitching
appearing as holes or missing stitches.
Dropped Pick Caused by the filling insertion mechanism on a shuttleless loom
not holding the filling yarn,causing the filling yarn to be woven
without tension. The filling yarn appears as "kinky".There will

Major
Major
Major or Minor
Major

Usually Major
Major
Major

Defect

Cause
also be areas of "end out".
Caused by excessive loom tension gradually applied by some
Drawbacks
abnormal restriction. When the restriction is removed the excess
slack is woven into the fabric. Usually the ends are broken
Results from a damaged doctor blade or a blade not cleaned
Dye Streak in
properly. Usually a long streak until the operator notices the
Printing
problem.
Caused by yarn breaking and loom continuing torun with
missing end.MajorJerk-in Caused by an extra piece of filling
End out
yarn being jerked part way into the fabric by the shuttle. The
defect will appear at the selvage.
Hole
Holes on fabrics are usually caused by broken needle.
Jerk Ins are caused by an extra piece of filling yarn being jerked
Jerk In
part way into the fabric by the shuttle. The defect will appear at
the selvage.
Knots
Knots are caused by tying spools of yarn together.
Occurs in circular knit. Caused by one end of yarn missing from
Missing Yarn
feed and machine continuing to run.
Caused by bobbin of lightweight yarn or different fiber blend
Mixed Filling
used in filling. Will appear as a distinct shade change.
Mixed yarn is a different fiber blend used on the warp frame,
Mixed Yarn
resulting in a streak in the fabric.
Mottled
Mottles occurs when colors applied unevenly during printing.
Needle Line is caused by bent needle forming distorted stitches
Needle Line
in a vertical line.
Open reed are the results from a bent reed wire causing warp
Open Reed
ends to be held apart, exposing the filling yarn.
Pin holes along selvage caused by pins holding fabric while it
processes through tender frame.
Pin Holes
Major> if pin holes extend into body of fabric far enough to be
visible in the finished product
Press Off occurs when all or some of the needles on circular
Press Off
knitting fail to function. Fabric either falls off the machine or
design is completely disrupted or destroyed.
Printing
Dye or ink smudged along width of fabric as a result of the
Machine Stop
printing machine stopping.
Mark
Caused by print rollers not being synchronized properly. This
Print Out of
results in various colors of the design not being printed in the
Repair
proper position.
Puckered
Usually caused by selvage being stretched in finishing or by
Selvage
uneven wetting out in sanforization process.
Runner
Runner is a caused by broken needle. The runner will appear as

Severity

Major
Major

Usually Major
Major
Major or Minor
Usually Minor
Major
Major
Usually Major
Major or Minor
Major or Minor
Major
Major

Major

Major
Major or Minor

Defect

Cause
Severity
a vertical line. Most machines have a stopping device to stop the
machine when a needle breaks.
Usually caused by defective spray heads resulting in uneven
wetting out of Sanforize. Fabric will appear wavy or puckering
Sanforize
when spread on cutting table. It is difficult to detect while
Major or Minor
Pucker
inspecting on inspection machine with fabric under roller
tension.
Scrip is the result of fabric being folded or creased when passing
Scrimp
Major
through tender frames.
Skewing refers to condition where filling yarns are not square
with warp yarns on woven fabrics or where courses are not
Skewing
square with wale lines on knits. It happens when the fabric
shrinks more perpendicular to the twill line than along the twill
line.
Slub refers to thick or heavy places in the yarn or flying waste
yarn getting into yarn feeds during spinning process. Slub and
Slub
Major or Minor
other inconsistencies are common in fabrics produced on
vintage shuttle looms.
Small caused by a number of ruptured warp ends that has been
Smash
Major
repaired
Soiled filling is dirty oily looking spots on the warp or filling
Can be Major
Soiled Filling
yarns, or on packaged-dye yarn.
or Minor
Stop mark occurs when the loom is stopped, the yarn elongates
Can be major or
Stop Mark
under tension. When the loom starts again, the slack is woven
Minor
into the fabric.
Straying End is caused when an end of yarn breaks and the loose
Straying End
end strays and is knit irregularly into another area.
Thin Place is often caused by the filling yarn breaking and the
Thin Place
Major
loom continuing to run until the operator notices the problem.
Water spots are usually caused by wet fabric being allowed to
Water Spots remain too long before drying, Color migrates leaving blotchy Major
spots.
Pilling refers to the forming of little matted balls on the surface
of knitted fabrics. Pilling occurs when soft yarn rubs against
Pilling
itself, resulting in tangled fibers and produces an uneven and
worn look.
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Fabric Inspection and Terms
The quality of a final garment depends on the quality of a fabric when it is received as a roll.
Even the most outstanding manufacturing methods cannot compensate for defective materials.
Normally, 10% of the rolls received are inspected and evaluated based on a four-point system.

This way, fabric related quality problems can ve avoided before it is put into production - See
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Four Point System

The 4-Point System assigns 1, 2, 3 and 4 penalty points according to the size and significance of
the defect.It is a widely recognized inspection method frequently usedin the textile industry.It is a
technique issued by the American Society for Testing & Materials with reference to the
designation ASTMD5 430-93.Start the frame and inspect for defects. Run the frame at205
yards per minute (185 meters per minute). Points are assigned according to the following
criteria:4-POINT SYSTEM DEFECT EVALUATION

Assigned Points
1
2
3
4

Size of Defects(In inches)

< 3"
> 3" < 6"
> 6" < 9"
> 9"

Size of Defects(in Cms)

< 8 cm
> 8 cm < 15 cm
> 15 cm < 23 cm
> 23 cm

If a defect is observed:Faults are classified and scored with penalty points of 1, 2, 3 and 4,
according to their size and significance.Each defect should be counted as a separate defecteven if
the nature is the same and then based on thepoints allocated to each defect, total points should be
calculated.

No more than 4 penalty points can be assigned for any single defect.

No linear yard or meter can contain more than 4 points, regardless of the number of
defects within that yard or meter.

A continuous running defect which exceeds 9 inches (23 cm) should be assigned 4 points.
In the event there is an additional defects within the same linear yard or meter it should
be considered as a separate defect and assigned defect point accordingly.

Any continuous defect (i.e., roll to roll shading, narrow or irregular width,
creasing,uneven finish, barre, skew, etc.) should be assigned a maximum of 4 points for
every yard or meter within a shipment.

Each full width defect should assign 4 points.

Obvious, noticeable and severe defects are to be assigned 4 points for each yard or meter
in which they occur, regardless of size.

Vertical Defects
(along the length)
Length
0.1 to 3.0 in (0.1 to 8.0 cm)
3.1 to 6.0 in (8.1 to 15.0 cm)
6.1 to 9.0 in(15.1 to 23.0 cm)
9.1 to 36.0 in (23.1 to 92.0 cm)

Horizontal Defects
(along the width)
Points
Length
1
0.1 to 3.0 in (0.1 to 8.0 cm)
2
3.1 to 6.0 in (8.1 to 15.0 cm)
3
6.1 to 9.0 in (15.1 to 23.0 cm)
4
9.1 to full width (above 23.1 cm)

Points
1
2
3
4

Note:
A maximum of 4 points may be assigned to any one linear yard), regardless of the number or size
of theindividual defects.For a continuous lengthwise running defect, 4 points and 1 defect will be
assigned to each linear yard where the defect exceeds 9 inches (23 centimeters).Example: barre
effect on the full roll in 100 linear yards:400 points should be assigned with 100 defects. So if
the acceptance criteria are 40 points / 100 yd2,then this roll is acceptable.The maximum number
of defect points to be counted against any one linear yard is 4 points.Overall, fabric quality is
assessed on the basis of the number of defect points per 100 yd2 of fabric.

Inspection Terms
Term

Description
Thi is an in-depth study of vendor's production capacity, machineries and
Initial Factory
quality control capabilities before placeing an order. It ensures that the most
Evaluation
appropriate factory is selected.
This is to insect materials and components before production starts to ensure
Pre-Production
that the fuction and apearance of the components are consistent and
process
satisfactory
During
It is an inspection of the first batch at the early stage of production. The first
Production
batch are randomly inspected for any possible defects, identify deviation so as
Inspection
to ensure a uniformed batch
It is a random inspection using MIL-STD-105E, BS8001, ISO 2859, DIN
Final Random 40080 or to the customers individual required standard, after the shipment has
Inspection
been completed, packed and ready to be shiped. Colour , appearance,
workmanship,style etc will be checked against the customer's specifications.
Acceptable
AQL is the maximum accpetable percentage od defect for purposes of
Quality
sampling inspection, can be considered as a process average
Level(AQL)
It is a defect that judgement and experience indicate is likely to result in
Critical Defect hazardeous or unsafe conditions for inidviduals using ,maintaining or
depending upon the product.
It is a defect, other than critical, that is likely to result in failure or to reduce
Major Defect
materially the usuability of the unit of product for its intended purposes.

Term
Minor Defect

Description
It is a defect that is not likely to reduce materially the unstability of the unit of
product for the intended purpose.

Points Per Classification

Individual rolls exceeding the points allowed are removed from the shipment. A shipment is
rejected if the point total exceeds the allowable limit.
GROUP
NO.

II

III

DESCRIPTION

POINTS ALLOWED PER

INDIVIDUAL ROLL

Dress Shirtings - >50/1

Worsted/Woolens
All Tailored Suiting Fabrics
Open End Denim 12-16
oz./ yd2
All Synthetics
Filament Rayon
20 points/100 yard2
Twills
24 points/100 meter2
Poplin/Oxford/Gingham
Shirting
Light weight Denim 48oz./yd2
Mid weight Denim 912oz./yd2
Ring spun Denim 1216oz./yd.2
Corduroy/Velvet
Flannel
Wovens with
Spandex/Elastane
25 points/100 yard2
Seersucker, Dobby,
Jacquard
Chambray/Indigo Yarn
Dyes
All Silk
Basic Knits
30 points/100 yard2
All Specialty Knits
36 points/100 meter2
Linen
40 points/100 yard2
Linen Blends
48 points/100 meter2
Rayon Blends
Madras
60 points/100 yard2
Muslin
72 points/100 meter2

POINTS ALLOWED
PER SHIPMENT

15 points/100 yard2
18 point/100 meter2

20 points/100 yard2

25 points/100 yard2
30 points/100 meter2
32 points/100 yard2
38 points/100 meter2
50 points/100 yard2
60 points/100 meter2

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Fabric Cutting Techniques
Basically there are 2 techniques of cutting fabric like portable cutting,stationary cutting.With the
advancement in technology there have been imporvements in fabric techniques also like
Automated, Numerically Controlled cutting systems, which has Automatic blade cutting, Laser
cutting,Water jet cutting,Die cutting etc. - See more at:
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Types of Cutting

Fully manual:

Hand operated scissor

Manually operated power knife:

Straight knife

Band knife

Round knife

Die cutting

Notcher

Drill

Computerized methods of fabric cutting:

Computer controlled knife cutting

Cutting by Laser beam

Cutting by Water jet

Cutting by Plasma torch

What are the various Cutting techniques?

The marker is put on the layers of fabric with the conventional method, a skilled cutter follows
the pattern outlined on the marker, using a straitknife machine with a long, thin blade that
vibrates vertically as it is pushed through many layers of fabric. A vertical knife can cut to a
depth of 9 inches. For only a few layers, a cutting machine with a rotating circular knife may be
used. The cutter must select the correct speed and blade for each type of fabric .For example, a
coarse blade edge is used for tightly woven fabrics and a smooth edge for softer fabrics.The
cutting tools (cutters) can be classified in to
1. Portable cutters
o

Powered scissors- these are used for cutting one or two piles and are
oftenused in the sample room.

Round knife- this is very fast machine, excellent for cutting straight
linesor gradual curves. Blade sizes range from 4cm to 20cm in
diameter andthe effective cutting height is about 40 percent of the
blade diameter.

Straight knife-the work house of most cutting rooms, the straight

knifes, if correctly used, is versatile and accurate enough for most
purposes.

2. Stationary cutters
o

Band knife the narrow blade of this machine allows the finest of
shapes to be cut very accurately.

Press cutting- this process involves the use of a hydraulic presswhich

forces a shaped metal cutting die through a pile of material and
ismostly used when large quantities of small components have to be
cutvery accurately. Press cutting is also often used for cutting many of
thecomponents for leather and suede garments.

Automated, Numerically Controlled cutting systems

There are four types of automated cutting systems, they are blade cutting ,water jet cutting, and
plasma jet cutting .Electronic microchips control the cutting device , travel pattern, and speed.
Computer-generated markers are stored and used to guide the operation of the cutting head. The
input for this operation comes from the markers generated on computerized marker planning

systems. The marker date is transferred to the cutting unit by means of tapes, floppy disks,
streamers or directly from the marker planning system itself. Computerized cutting is six to eight
times faster than any manual method and products cut components with a consistent level of
accuracy although a computerized cutting system requires a substantial initial investment, it is
considered to be the most effective investment for large scale cutting production.
Machine type

Description

Automatic blade cutting

Automated blade cutting machine is the most highly

developed and widely used computerized cutting
system. Numerically controlled knives cut multiple
plies with great accuracy and speed. Paper markers
are not needed for numerically controlled
cutters.Operators communicate directly with the
main control unit through a command console micro
processing unit with a keyboard.

Laser cutting

Laser cutting focuses a powerful beam of light

projected on to a minute area to cut fabric by
vaporization. Lasers cut with incredible speed (twice
that of automatic knives cutting), accuracy and
multidirectional ability, but with some heat emission.

Lesser-beam cutting

Lesser-beam cutting machine is sometimes used for

men's suits, which are cut a single layer at a time.
The laser, a concentrated light beam is also directed
by a computer.

Machine type

Description

Water jet cutting

Water jet cutting machine is another computeroperated, multi directional method that has limited
usage at this time. Water jet cutting is performed by
propelling a tiny jet of water (0.001-0.0015 inch)
through the fabric at very high pressure (70,000 psi).
Water-jet cutting is being used for some fabrics and
leathers, especially in the shoe industry.

Die cutting

Die cutting machine may be used for garments or

parts of garments that do not change from season to
season, such as a jeans pocket and leather belts.A
die, a device that operates much like a cookie cutter,
is made for each piece to be cut.The sharp edges of
the die are pressed against the layers of fabric to cut
them. A gang diecan be made by connected several
dies together.

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Fabric Consumption
How to calculate the consumption of fabric for a particular garment? - See more at:
http://www.textileschool.com/articles/516/fabric-consumption#sthash.dMVO3DCk.dpuf

Introduction
Garment prices are mainly based on the fabric consumption. Hence we must pay more attention
to find out the fabric consumption more accurately or closely. It needs sound knowledge and
good practical experience to find out the fabric consumption. Let us analyse here how to make
this calculation.
As the knitted fabrics are knitted by the circular knitting machines, the fabrics will be in tubular
form only. Here we are going to see the garments which are made in 100% Cotton fabrics in
tubular form.
To work on the prices exactly, we must have full measurements of the garment. But
compulsorily, we must have the measurements of Chest, Body Length and Sleeve Length.

Varialble Functions
1. Fabric Consumption
2. Fabric Cost
3. Accessories Cost
4. Print/Embroidery/Washing Charge
5. C.M.
6. Freight (C & F)
7. Payment mode (at sight deferred payment 60days or 90 days or 120 days, TT, Sales
Contract)

Consumption of fabric
1. Consumption (Kg/ Doz) =
(L + S.L. + AL-01)
100
L (Length)

( C + AL-02)
GSM

100
1000
= HPS (High Point Shoulder
= CBL (Central Back length)
= BL (Body Length)

212+Wastage%

S.L
AL

= Sleeve Length
= Allowance

Allowance-01:This is actually sewing allowance in length wise of a garment.

For T-Shirt,
Bottom Hem
Shoulder Join
Sleeve Hem
Sleeve Join
Sub Total
In Hand
Grand Total

= 2.5-3 Cm
= 1.5 Cm
= 2.5- 3 Cm
= 1.5 cm
= 9 cm
= 1 cm
=10 cm

Per Cut and Sewn allowance = 2 cm

Note: Pocket, Half moon, double layer bottom hem, and double layer sleeve s/b calculated
onlengthwise.
2. Chest Allowance: This is sewing allowance in width wise of garment
a.Side Seam = Chest + 3cm
b.Tube Seam= Chest + 0 cm
c.Per cut and sewn allowance= 2 cm2.
Consumption (Kg/ Doz)= Length in Meter X Width In M X GSM in Kg X 2 X 12 +
WastagePercentage
3. Neck Rib # 1x1/1x1 elastane rib circular
Neck Rib Consumption:
Height (Length) = Rib height or rib width or rib depth
Total Height= Rib Height X 2 + Allowance
Width = Neck opening or neck width x 2 + 2 cm (Round)
= Neck opening or neck width x 2 + 5 cm (V-shape)
Picture 01
A=Body Length= 70 cm
B=Sleeve length=25 cm

 C ==1/2Chest =55 cm
Picture 02
A= Body length 1=15 cm
B=Body Length 2= 15 cm
C= Body Length 3=40 cm
D= Chest=55 cm
A1= Sleeve length1=10 cm
B1= Sleeve Length2=5 cm
C1=Sleeve length3=10 cm
Example:-Calculate the consumption/doz on the basis of 180 GSM, S/J and neck rib gsm 230
For picture 01:
Consumption (Kg/ Doz) =
( 70 + 25 + 10)
100

( 55 + 3)
100
= 2.76 kg/ doz

180
1000

2 12 + 5 %

180
1000

2 12 + 5 %

For picture 02:

Consumption (Kg/ Doz For color A) =
( 15 + 10 + 8)
100

( 55 + 3 )
100
= 0.86 kg/ doz

Consumption (Kg/ Doz For color B) =

( 15 + 5 + 4)
100

( 55 + 3 )
100
= 0.63 kg/ doz

180
1000

2 12 + 5 %

Consumption (Kg/ Doz For color C) =

( 40 + 10 + 5)

( 55 + 3 )

180

2 12 + 5 %

100

100
= 1.44 kg/ doz

1000

Total consumption: 0.86+0.63+1.44 = 2.93 kg/ doz

Neck Rib Consumption:
Width = Neck width x 2 + 2 cm (Round)
= 19X2+2 = 40 cm
Total Height= Rib Height X 2 + Allowance= 2X2 +2=6 cm
= Length in Meter X Width In M X GSM in Kg X 12 + Wastage
2. Consumption (Kg/ Doz) = .06 X .4X.230X12+18%
=.07 kg/ Doz
Note:
Following point s/b considered during marketing cost:
1.Fleece dia is not available.
2.Y/D stripe wastage is huge
Math 02
Question: Fabric Length 100yds width 58 inch (Open) GSM 230, what is fabric weight?
Ans:Fabric weight in Kg = Length (Meter) X Width (Meter) X GSM in Kg
= l x w x GSM= (100 Yds X36 X 2.54)/100 X (58 X 2.54)/100X 230/1000
W (Kg) = 91.44 x 1.4732 x .230
= 30.99 kg
2.Question: Fabric weight 50 kg, Fabric width 40 inch (tube) GSM 180. What is fabric length in
meter?
Ans:Fabric weight in Kg = Length (Meter) X Width (Meter) X GSM in KgW (Kg) = l x w x
GSM
50 = l x (40x 2.54x 2)/ 100 X 180/1000
L

= 136.70 meter
= 136.70 x 1.0937 yds [ 1 meter = 1.0937 yds]
= 149.50 yds

3.Question: Fabric price 2.25 USD/ yds, Width 45 inch open, GSM 200,Consumption 3.20 kg /
doz, what is the garment fabric cost for per doz garments?
Ans: W (kg)

= L (M) X w (M) X GSM (kg)

= L (M) X (45X2.54)/100 X 200/1000

= (3.20 X100X 1000) / (45X 2.54 X 200)
= 13.99 (M)
L (M)
= 13.99 X 1.0937 yds
= 15.30 yds
= Length X Unit price/ yds
= 13.99 (M)
Fabric cost (Per doz gmt)
= 15.30 x 2.25
= 34.56 USD / Doz
Piping or Binding or Back Tape:
Cons: Length in M x width in M x GSM in Kg x 12 + allowance (18%)
Length: Neck width x 2 + 2 (R shape)
Width: If width is 1 cm or any unit Pls multiply by 4
Wastage:
Distribution:
1. Sewing wastage = 3%
2. Cutting and Finishing=2%
3. Print Wastage=2-3%
4. Emb. Wastage=2-3%
5. Garment Wash wastage=5% above (Depends on wash type)
Wash types and their wastage

Garment Normal Wash=2-3%

Garment Enzyme Wash=3-5%

Garment Stone Wash= 5-10%

Garment Pigment dyeing & wash=10-20%

Note: Wastage is variable depending on factory to factory.

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