INDEX

INDEX

Abizaid,John Philip, 208

Able Danger, 17-18, 164-79,272-75
9/11 attacks and, 175-76
9/11 Commission and, 164-65,
177-79,246-47,249,273-74
Atta and, 165, 176-77,247,274-75
Brooklyn cell, 170, 172-73, 175-76,
178
Dark Heart compared with, 168, 189
data mining, 165, 168-70
initial involvement in, 166-67
NFN 662 and, 165, 168, 170-71, 178
Schoonmaker and, 106, 166-67, 170,
173-74, 178,275
Abrams, Creighton, 280
Abu Ghraib prison, 259
ADVON (advanced operations), 251,
264-66
Afghanistan. See also specific places
heading into, 23-35
how to win. See winning in
Afghanistan
second voyage to, 251-59
Afghan Militia Forces (AMF), 193-94
Afghan National Army, 72, 77-79, 81

AFSAC (Air Force Special Activities

Center), 13-14
aliases, 8, 14, 15,26
Christopher Anthony Stryker, 2,
23-28,204,268-69
al Qaeda
Able Danger. See Able Danger
Brooklyn cell, 170, 172-73, 175-76, 178
in Federally Administered Tribal
Area, 140-45
goals against, 147-48
Nairobi embassy bombing, 165, 167
9111 attacks (2001), 2, 18, 164-66,
175-76
Operation Dark Heart.
See Operation Dark Heart
Operation Winter Strike, 192,
194-98,240-41,253
in sub-Saharan Africa, 18-19
Task Force 121. See Task Force 121
Task Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,
155, 165-66
videotape propaganda, 48-51
World Trade Center bombing (1993),
166-67, 169, 170

Abizaid, John Philip, 208

Able Danger, 17-18, 164-79,272-75
9/11 attacks and, 175-76
9/11 Commission and, 164-65,
177-79, 246-47, 249, 273-74
Atta and, 165, 176-77,247,274-75
Brooklyn cell, 170, 172-73, 175-76,
178
Dark Heart compared with, 168, 189
data mining, 165, 168-70
initial involvement in, 166-67
and, 165, 168, 170-71, 178
Schoonmaker and, 106, 166-67, 170,
173-74,178,275
Abrams, Creighton, 280
Abu Ghraib prison, 259
ADVON (advanced operations), 251,
264-66
Afghanistan. See also specific places
heading into, 23-35
how to win. See winning in
Afghanistan
second voyage to, 251-59
Afghan Militia Forces (AMF), 193-94
Afghan National Army, 72, 77-79, 81

al Qaeda
Able Danger. See Able Danger
Brooklyn cell, 170, 172-73, 175-76, 178
in Federally Administered Tribal
Area, 140-45
goals against, 147-48
Nairobi embassy bombing, 165, 167
9/11 attacks (20Gl), 2, 18, 164-66,
175-76
Operation Dark Heart.
See Operation Dark Heart
Operation Winter Strike, 192,
194-98,240-41,253
in sub-Saharan Africa, 18-19
Task Force 1099. See Task Force 1099
Task Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,
155,165-66
videotape propaganda, 48-51
World Trade Center bombing (1993),
166-67, 169, 170

292

INDEX

Al Qaeda Hotel, 139-45, 147-61, 180,

186
Amanpour, Christiane, 117
American Airlines Flight 11, 176
AMF (Afghan Militia Forces), 193-94
Anderson, Mike, xiii, 243-50, 262-66,
268
Apocalypse Now (movie), 93, 145, 146-47
Ariana Hotel, 41-43, 46, 126, 149,
152-53
Army Rangers
by-name request, 246, 250, 264-65
Task Force 5, 153
Task Force 121, 1-7, 192-98,209-29
Army Reserve, 14-15,272
Asadabad, 2-7, 212-22
asymmetric warfare, 256-57
Atta, Mohamed, 165, 176-77,247,
274-75
Ault, Colonel Robert, 65, 70, 72-73
Austin, Lloyd James, III, xiii, 183, 241
Bagby, Byron S., xiii, 80, 164-65, 177,
178, 181, 183-89
Bagram
Disney Boulevard, 239
improvised explosive device, 131-32,
136-38
Russian Road, 37-39,47, 136-38
secret prison, 257-59
Bagram Air Base, 2, 3-4, 26, 27-35,
131-34,239-40,251-52
Bagram Collection Point (BCP), 67,
120-21, 150
Baldwin, Alec, 149
Baltimore-Washington International
Airport, 25
Barno, David, xiii, 248, 264
Operation Dark Heart, 182-89
Operation Shadow Matrix, 255-56
BDUs (battle-dress uniforms), 78
beards, 27
Beatles, the, 27
Beatty, Ned, 15
Big Bad John (movie), 15
bin Laden, Osama, 2-3, 53-54, 140,
191-92, 194,283
Black Hawk helicopters, 73, 117-18,
183-84

black ops, 8
Pakistan border, 147-61, 180-98,
240,255-56
Black Taliban, 285
Blackwater, 242
Boardman, Robert, xiii, 57-58, 82,
156-57, 160-61
Bolle sunglasses, 212
Brady,Jim (alias), xiii, 142,230-31
Operation Dark Heart, 149-61
Brando, Marlon, 93,146
Bronze Star
awarding of, 203-5
DIA controversy, 244-45, 246
Brooklyn cell, 170, 172-73, 175-76,
178
Broom, Kelly, 80-81
Burton, Dan, 176
Bush, George W., 19, 176, 181-82,
253-54,259,261
C-130 Hercules airplanes, 23-24,
26-28
Cambone, Stephen, 259
Camp Peary, 13-14
Casablanca (movie), 51
Caso, Russ, 273
Cavalry, U.S., 192-93
cell phone, and PTT improvised raid,
119-33
CENTCOM (Central Command), 58,
167, 174
Center for Advanced Defense Studies,
276,283
Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA
CH-47 helicopters. See Chinook
helicopters
"challenge" coins, 250
Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence, 1
Charleston Air Force Base, 266
Cheney, Dick, 176
Chicken Street, 40-41
childhood of Anthony Shaffer, 9-11
Chinook helicopters, 1-5,89-92,
90-92,117-18,219-24,225-26
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency),
41-43
Asadabad sweep, 2-3, 212-22, 225,
226,229

292

INDEX

Al Qaeda Hotel, 139-45, 147-61, 180,

186
Amanpour, Christiane, 117
American Airlines Flight 11, 176
AMF (Afghan Militia Forces), 193-94
Anderson, Mike, xiii, 243-50, 262-66,
268
145 146-47

Army Rangers
246,250,264-65

Army Reserve, 14-15,272

Asadabad, 2-7,212-22
asymmetric warfare, 256-57
Atta, Mohamed, 165, 176-77,247,
274-75
Ault, Colonel Robert, 65, 70, 72-73
Austin, Lloyd James, III, xiii, 183,241
Bagby, Byron S., xiii, 80, 164-65, 177,
178, 181, 183-89
Bagram
Disney Boulevard, 239
improvised explosive device, 131-32,
136-38
Russian Road, 37-39, 47, 136-38
secret prison, 257-59
Bagram Air Base, 2, 3-4, 26, 27-35,
131-34,239-40,251-52
Bagram Collection Point (BCP), 67,
120-21, 150
149

Barno, David, xiii, 248, 264

Operation Dark Heart, 182-89
Operation Shadow Matrix, 255-56
BDUs (battle-dress uniforms), 78
beards, 27
Beatles, the, 27
Beatty, Ned, 15
Big Bad John (movie), 15
bin Laden, Osama, 2-3, 53-54, 140,
191-92,194,283
Black Hawk helicopters, 73,117-18,
183-84

black ops, 8
Pakistan border, 147-61, 180-98,
240,255-56
Black Taliban, 285
Blackwater, 242
Boardman, Robert, xiii, 57-58, 82,
156-57, 160-61
Bolle sunglasses, 212
Brady, Jim (alias), xiii, 142,230-31
Operation Dark Heart, 149-61
Brando, Marlon, 93,146
Bronze Star
awarding of, 203-5
DIA controversy, 244-45, 246
Brooklyn cell, 170, 172-73, 175-76,
178
Broom, Kelly, 80-81
Burton, Dan, 176
Bush, George W., 19, 176, 181-82,
253-54,259,261
C-130 Hercules airplanes, 23-24,
26-28
Cambone, Stephen, 259

Casablanca (movie), 51
Caso, Russ, 273
Cavalry, U.S., 192-93
cell phone, and PTT improvised raid,
119-33
CENTCOM (Central Command), 58,
167, 174
Center for Advanced Defense Studies,
276,283
Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA
CH-47 helicopters. See Chinook
.
helicopters
"challenge" coins, 250
Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence, 1
Charleston Air Force Base, 266
Cheney, Dick, 176
Chicken Street, 40-41
childhood of Anthony Shaffer, 9-11
Chinook helicopters, 1-5,89-92,
90-92,117-18,219-24,225-26
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency),
41-43
Asadabad sweep, 2-3, 212-22, 225,
226,229

INDEX

Bagram secret prison, 257-59

madrassah bombing, 207, 208-9
Operation Dark Heart and, 153-56,
159-60
Special Activities Division, 192
llenetand,152,208
training, 13-14
cigars, 68-69, 134, 161-62,201,231
Civil War, 279-80
CJSOllF (Combined Joint Special
Operations llask Force), 86-87,
88, 119-20, 197
Clark Air Force Base, 9
Clark, Jerry, 171-72
"clean sheet" approach, 167-68
Cold War, 12, 15
Cole, USS, 174
"collateral damage," 282
Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR),
2-7,219-29
Combined Forces Command (CFC),
182-83
Combined Joint Special Operations
llask Force (CJSOllF), 86-87, 88,
119-20, 197
Combined Joint llask Force 5, 24,
149-61, 191, 195
Combined Joint llask Force 180,24,
29-30, 182-83, 197-200
Conner, Chuck, 11
CONOP (Concept of Operations), 49,
82, 198
Conrad,Joseph, 146-47
Cotter, Brian, 48
CSAR (Combat Search and Rescue),
2-7,219-29
Culler, Rob, xiii, 67, 156, 157-61
Cushing, Peter, 41
Dadullah Akhund, Mullah, 52
Daniels, Brad, 132-38,209-10,241
Dar es Salaam embassy bombing, 165,
167
Dark Heart. See Operation Dark Heart
"dark side of the force," 8-9
data mining, 165, 168-70
Davis-Monthan Air Force Base,
266
Dean, Jimmy, 15

293

"Death Star" (llactical Operations

Center), 196-97,206-7,226-27
Deep Blue, 272-73
Defense Intelligence Agency. See DIA
Defense Security Service, 42
defilade position, 66-67, 79
Deh Chopan, 66, 69-81
Depm'ted, The (movie), 149
Desert One Base, 195
DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency),
16-19,23-24,31-35,243-50,252
Able Danger. See Able Danger
administrative leave, 272-73
black ops, 61-62, 147-61, 180-98,
255-56
blue baggage, 26
Bronze Star controversy, 244-45,
246
dismissal from, 267-71
Fort Belvoir desk assignment,
243-44
Inspector General investigation, 28,
244,267-68,270,274-75
intelligence information exchange,
55-60
Mountain Viper. See Operation
Mountain Viper
Operating Base Alpha, 18-19,25,
28,42
Operation Enduring Freedom, 2, 24
Pllll improvised raid, 119-20,
122-30
llask Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,
155,165-66
Disney Boulevard, 239
Disney, Jason, 239
DOCEX (Document Exploitation)
Detachment, 23-24, 48-50, 198
Dover Air Force Base, 251-52
drinking, 10, 12-13, 16
EA-6 Prowlers, 227
EBOs (Effects Based Operations),
60
18th Airborne Corps, 29
82nd Airborne Division, 29, 184
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 278-80
enablers, 55, 64-65, 101, 170
enemy combatants, 95-96, 99

INDEX

Bagram secret prison, 257-59

madrassah bombing, 207, 208-9
Operation Dark Heart and, 153-56,
159-60
Special Activities Division, 192
llenetand,152,208
training, 13-14
cigars, 68-69, 134, 161~62, 201, 231
Civil
279-80

Clark Air Force Base, 9

Clark, Jerry, 171-72
"clean sheet" approach, 167-68
Cold War, 12, 15
Cole, USS, 174
"collateral damage," 282
Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR),
2-7,219-29
Combined Forces Command (CFC),
182-83
Combined Joint Special Operations
llask Force
86_,

Combined Joint llask Force 180, 24,

29-30, 182-83, 197-200
Conner, Chuck, 11
CONOP (Concept of Operations), 49,
82, 198
Conrad,Joseph,146-47
lled Smith, 48
CSAR (Combat Search and Rescue),
2-7,219-29
John Hays, 67, 156, 157-61
Cushing, Peter, 41
Dadullah Akhund, Mullah, 52
Daniels, Brad, 132-38,209-10,241
Dar es Salaam embassy bombing, 165,
167
Dark Heart. See Operation Dark Heart
"dark side of the force," 8-9
data mining, 165, 168-70
Davis-Monthan Air Force Base,
266
Dean, Jimmy, 15

293

"Death Star" (llactical Operations

Center), 196-97,206-7,226-27
Deep Blue, 272-73
Defense Intelligence Agency. See DIA
Defense Security Service, 42
defilade position, 66-67, 79
Deh Chopan, 66, 69-81
Departed, The (movie), 149
Desert One Base, 195
DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency),
16-19,23-24,31-35,243-50,252
Able Danger. See Able Danger
administrative leave, 272-73
black ops, 61-62, 147-61, 180-98,
255-56
blue baggage, 26
Bronze Star controversy, 244-45,
246
dismissal from, 267-71
Fort Belvoir desk assignment,
243-44
Inspector General investigation, 28,
244,267-68,270,274-75
intelligence information exchange,
55-60
Mountain Viper. See Operation
Mountain Viper
Operating Base Alpha, 18-19,25,
28,42
Operation Enduring Freedom, 2, 24
Pllll improvised raid, 119-20,
122-30
llask Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,
155, 165-66
Disney Boulevard, 239
Disney, Jason, 239
DOCEX (Document Exploitation)
Detachment, 23-24,48-50, 198
Dover Air Force Base, 251-52
drinking, 10, 12-13, 16
EA-6 Prowlers, 227
EBOs (Effects Based Operations),
60
18th Airborne Corps, 29
82nd Airborne Division, 29, 184
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 278-80
enablers, 55, 64-65, 101, 170
enemy combatants, 95-96, 99

294

INDEX

enhanced interrogation methods,

94-95,257-59
Ennis, Michael, 265-66
Executive Order 12333, 172
Fahim, Mohammad Qasim, 81-82
FATA (Federally Administered Tribal
Area), 140-45
FBI (Federal Bureau ofInvestigation),
173,275
Ghaffari and, 87, 94-95, 100-103,
107,114
INF Treaty negotiations, 15
Kabul lED and, 132-33, 135, 137
PTT improvised raid, 119-30
17th November group, 33
1st Corps Support Command, 29
Fletcher, Jim, 41
Foreign Officer Recruitment Activity,
14-15
Fort Belvoir, 14, 170-71
Fort Gordon, 11
FortIIuachuca, 11-12,83
Forward Operating Base (FOB) Alpha,
18-19,25,28,42
Forward Operating Base (FOB)
Gardez, 91-116
Foster, Jack (alias), xiii, 254-56, 257-59,
264-65
Fox News Radio, 243-44
Fulda Gap, 58
Gardez, 86-117
General Defense Intelligence Program,
16
General Order No.1, 85-86
Ghaffari, Ali, xiii, 87-88, 93-96,
98-99, 102, 105-15
Ghaffari, Arash, xiii
capture of, 86-89
interrogation of. See interrogation,
of Ghaffari
glossary of terms, xv-xvii
Goodftllas (movie), 93
"good paper," 252
Goshen Scout Reservation, 19-22
Graham, Tom, xiii
Grant, Tom, xiii, 240, 243
Grant, Ulysses S., 279-80

Grenada, 184
Grey Fox, 192
Groundhog Day (movie), 254
Grubbs, Major, 61-62
Guantanamo, 95,99-100, 102, 103, 110
Gulf War, 14
IIadley, Stephen, 176
Hank the Cowboy, 248-50, 255
Harding, Robert "Bob," xiii, 18,
152-53, 167-68, 174, 267-68
Hawk, Michael, xiii, 28
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 146-47
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, xiii, 53-54, 88,
194
assault on compound, 2-7, 228-31
Herat,109
Herrick, Rick, 268-69
Hersh, Seymour, 259
Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (IIIG),
53-54
IIezbollah, 286-87
High Value Targets (IIVTs), 32, 57,
191-94,248,257-58
Hindu Kush Mountains, 192-98,211
Holland, Charles, 174
Hoover, Randy "Big Red" (alias), xiii,
250
Operation Dark Heart, 151-55
Operation Mountain Viper, 62, 66
Task Force 121,207-8,218-19,
230-31,235-38
Horse Soldiers (Stanton), 275
House Armed Services Committee,
273,274
House Government Reform
Committee, 274
Howard, Chris, xiii, 183-89,219
Huachuca Cannon Run, 83
Hughes, Pat, xiv, 18, 152-53, 267-68
HUMINT (Iluman Intelligence
Program), 16,61, 185, 197-98
HUMINT Support Detachment
(HSD),197
Huntington, Bill, xiv, 19, 250
Hussein, Saddam, 192, 194
Hussy, Peter, xiv, 41-43, 154-55
HVTs (IIigh Value Targets), 32, 57,
191-94,248,257-58

294

INDEX

enhanced interrogation methods,

94-95, 257-59
Ennis, Michael, 265-66
Executive Order 12333, 172
Fahim, Mohammad Qasim, 81-82
FATA (Federally Administered Tribal
Area), 140-45
FBI (Federal Bureau ofInvestigation),
173,275
Ghaffari and, 87, 94-95, 100-103,
107, 114
INF Treaty negotiations, 15
Kabul lED and, 132-33, 135, 137
PTT improvised raid, 119-30
17th November group, 33
1st Corps Support Command, 29
41

Fort
11
Fort IIuachuca, 11-12,83
Forward Operating Base (FOB) Alpha,
1

42. . . .

Foster, Jack (alias), xiii, 254-56, 257-59,

264-65
Fox News Radio, 243-44
Fulda Gap, 58

General Defense Intelligence Program,

16
General Order No.1, 85-86
Ghaffari, Ali, xiii, 87-88, 93-96,
98-99, 102, 105-15
Ghaffari, Arash, xiii
capture of, 86-89
interrogation of. See interrogation,
of Ghaffari
glossary of terms, xv-xvii
Goodftllas (movie), 93
"good paper," 252
Goshen Scout Reservation, 19-22
Greg Becker, xiii, 240, 243
Grant, Ulysses S., 279-80

Grenada, 184

Groundhog Day (movie), 254

Grubbs, Major, 61-62
Guantanamo, 95, 99-100, 102, 103, 110
Gulf War, 14
IIadley, Stephen, 176
IIank the Cowboy, 248-50, 255
IIarding, Robert "Bob," xiii, 18,
152-53,167-68,174,267-68
IIawk, Michael, xiii, 28
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 146-47
IIekmatyar, Gulbuddin, xiii, 53-54, 88,
194
assault on compound, 2-7, 228-31
IIerat, 109
IIerrick, Rick, 268-69
IIersh, Seymour, 259
IIezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (IIIG),
53-54
IIezbollah,286-87
IIigh Value Targets (HVTs), 32, 57,
191-94,248,257-58
IIindu Kush Mountains, 192-98,211
IIolland, Charles, 174
IIoover, Randy "Big Red" (alias), xiii,
250
Operation Dark Heart, 151-55
Operation Mountain Viper, 62, 66
Task Force 1099,207-8,218-19,
230-31,235-38
Horse Soldiers (Stanton), 275
IIouse Armed Services Committee,
273, 274
IIouse Government Reform
Committee, 274
Medford Chris, xiii, 183-89,219
IIuachuca Cannon Run, 83
Hughes, Pat, xiv, 18, 152-53, 267-68
IIUMINT (Human Intelligence
Program), 16,61, 185, 197-98
IIUMINT Support Detachment
(IISD),197
IIuntington, Bill, xiv, 19,250
IIussein, Saddam, 192, 194
Jacob Walker, xiv, 41-43, 154-55
IIVTs (IIigh Value Targets), 32, 57,
191-94,248,257-58

INDEX

IDAD (Internal Defense and

Development) program, 280-81
IEDs (improvised explosive devices),
35,37, 131-32, 136-38,227
illegal drugs, 42, 64
improvised raid on PTT, 119-30
India, 286-87
INF treaty, 15
Insomnia (movie), 68
Inspector General (IG), 28, 244,
267-68,270,274-75
intelligence
tILJ~INT, 16,61, 185, 197-98
exchange of information, 55-60,

171
SIGINT, 30,147,194
training, 11-14
International Red Cross, 52
International Security Assistance
Force. See ISAF
interrogation, of Ghaffari, 92-116,
258-59
final approach to, 112-16
first meetings with, 93-96
master list of questions, 97-98
Springfield connection, 87, 88-89,
98-99, 101, 102-3, 105, 117
strategy for, 107-12
interrogation techniques, 94-95,
257-59
Inter-Services Intelligence (lSI), 67,
187,192-93,286-87
Iran, 286-87, 288
Ghaffari and, 87-88, 105-6, 107-8,
110-17
hostage crisis, 195
Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
(IRGG), 17, 105-15
Iraq war, 19,58,106,182,194,259,
260-61
Ireland, 285-86
ISAF (International Security
Assistance Force), 55, 56, 81-82,
113, 126, 132-34, 161, 182-83,
286
Isler, Rod, 18, 174-75
Jedi Knights, 14
"jingle trucks," 39

295

John Wayne Pass, 118

Joint Task Force 5. See Task Force 5
Joint Task Force 180. See Combined
Joint Task Force 180
Jolie, Pierre, 155
JSOC Goint Special Operations
Command), 195-97,254
JSTARS Goint Surveillance Target
Attack Radar System), 73
Kabul
the boy and the bomb, 36-37,
43-46
Chicken Street, 40-41
PTT improvised raid, 119-20,
122-30
Russian Road, 37-39, 47, 136-38
Task Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,
155, 165-66
Kabul International Airport, 132,
183-84,189
Kabul Safe House, 59, 151-55, 161,211,
247,250,255,262
Kandahar, 50, 54,61-62,66-71,81,
148
Karzai, Hamid, 24, 52, 80-82, 257,
280-81,285
Keller, Bill, xiv, 254
Task Force 121, 191-95,206-13,
215-16,218,226-28,230-31,
235-38
Key Personnel Program, 12
Khowst, 50,61, 67, 81, 187, 253
"kill, capture, or spy," 56-57, 59-60
Kimberlight ~agic, 272-73
Kirkland, John (alias), xiv, 33-34
departure from Afghanistan, 132
Ghaffari and, 87, 88-89, 92-116,
258-59
PTT improvised raid, 122-30
Knowles, ~ary (alias), xiv, 69-70,
140-45, 157-61
Korean War, 86
Lambert, Geoffrey, 275
Leadership Targeting Cell (LTC), 32,
33-35, 185,241
Libby, Lewis "Scooter," 176
Liberia, 18-19

INDEX

IDAD (Internal Defense and

Development) program, 280-81
IEDs (improvised explosive devices),
35,37,131-32,136-38,227
illegal drugs, 42, 64
improvised raid on PTT, 119-30
India, 286-87
INF treaty, 15
Insomnia (movie), 68
Inspector General (IG), 28, 244,
267-68,270,274-75
intelligence
tILJ~INT, 16,61, 185, 197-98
exchange of information, 55-60,

171
training, 11-14
International Red Cross, 52
International Security Assistance
Force. See ISAF
interrogation, of Ghaffari, 92-116,
258-59
final approach to, 112-16
first meetings with, 93-96
master list of questions, 97-98
Springfield connection, 87, 88-89,
98-99, 101, 102-3, 105, 117
strategy for, 107-12
interrogation techniques, 94-95,
257-59
Inter-Services Intelligence (lSI), 67,
187,192-93,286-87
Iran, 286-87, 288
Ghaffari and, 87-88, 105-6, 107-8,
110-17

Iraq war, 19, 58, 106, 182, 194,259,

260-61
Ireland, 285-86
ISAF (International Security
Assistance Force), 55, 56, 81-82,
113, 126, 132-34, 161, 182-83,
286
Isler, Rod, 18, 174-75
Jedi Knights, 14
"jingle trucks," 39

295

John Wayne Pass, 118

Joint Task Force 180. See Combined
Joint Task Force 180
155

JSTARS Goint
Target
Attack Radar System), 73
Kabul
the boy and the bomb, 36-37,
43-46
Chicken Street, 40-41
PTT improvised raid, 119-20,
122-30
Russian Road, 37-39,47, 136-38
Task Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,
155, 165-66
Kabul International Airport, 132,
1
189

Kandahar, 50, 54,61-62,66-71,81,

148
Karzai, Hamid, 24, 52, 80-82, 257,
280-81,285
Keller, Bill, xiv, 254
TaskForce 1099, 191-95,206-13,
215-16,218,226-28,230-31,
235-38
Key Personnel Program, 12
Khowst, 50, 61, 67, 81, 187, 253
"kill, capture, or
56-57, 59-60

spy,"

Kirkland, John (alias), xiv, 33-34

departure from Afghanistan, 132
Ghaffari and, 87, 88-89, 92-116,
258-59
PTT improvised raid, 122-30
Knowles, ~ary (alias), xiv, 69-70,
140-45, 157-61
Korean War, 86
Lambert, Geoffrey, 275
Leadership Targeting Cell (LTC), 32,
33-35,185,241
Libby, Lewis "Scooter," 176
Liberia, 18-19

296

INDEX

Libya, 12
Lippold, Kirk, 174
LlWA (Land Information Warfare
Activity), 168-70, 173, 175-76,
178
logistical footprint, in Afghanistan,
284
Longenecker,John, xiv, 245-48
Loudermilk, Tim, xiv, 33, 117-18,200
Bronze Star ceremony, 203-4
Ghaffari and, 86, 88-91,93-96,
100-101
intelligence information exchange,
57-58
Operation Dark Heart, 156, 157-61
Taliban videotape, 48-49, 53-54
"Love My Way" (song), 47, 163
LTC (Leadership Targeting Cell), 32,
33-35, 185,241
M-4A3 rifles, 32-33
M-ll rifles, 32-33
MacArthur, Douglas, 279
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 50-51, 136
McChrystal, Stanley, xiv, 256, 280
background of, 209-10
Task Force 121, 191-92, 193,209-12,
216,226-28,233,235,236,238
McFarlane, Ben, 200
McMillan, Kent, 132-38
Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 202-3
MH-6 Little Bird helicopters, 233-34
Miami Vice (TV show), 13
MIDB (Military Intelligence
Database), 168-72, 247
Milner, Rich, xiv, 29-34
Bronze Star of, 245
Ghaffari and, 88-89
intelligence information exchange,
58, 59
Operation Dark Heart, 153, 183
Task Force 180, 31, 241
Mr. Pink, 5-7,217-19,228-33
"Mr. Warlord," 211-16, 228
Mr. White, 5-7, 225-28, 230-33
mobile phone, and PTT improvised
raid, 119-33
Moffitt, Mary, xiv, 18
morale calls, 103

Moretti, Ray (alias), xiv, 31-32, 161

Operation Mountain Viper, 62-73,
77, 80
Morrison, Mo, 212, 215-20
Mountain Viper. See Operation
Mountain Viper
Mullen, Marc, xiv, 265
Nairobi embassy bombing, 165, 167
National Commission on Terrorist
Attacks Upon the United States.
See 9/11 Commission
National Guard, 11, 89-90
National Imagery and Mapping
Agency (NIMA), 32, 152
National Security Agency. See NSA
National Security Council (NSC), 176,
177
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization), 126, 182-83
Navy SEALs, 74, 196,221,225-38
New York City, 243-44
New Zealand Defence Force, 55, 56,
69, 140
NFN (National File Number) 662,
165,168,170-71,178
night letters, 52-53, 143, 147-48
"Night Stalkers" (160th Special
Operations Aviation-Regiment),
192,219-22,229-30
NIMA (National Imagery and
Mapping Agency), 32, 152
9/11 attacks (2001), 2, 18, 164-66, 175-76
9/11 Commission, 164-65, 177-79,
246-47,249,273-74,275
9/11 Report, 273
Nixon, James, 219-22
North Carolina National Guard,
89-90
Northern Alliance, 29, 50-51, 136,
277-78
Northern Ireland, 285-86
North Korea, 15, 17
NSA (National Security Agency), 30,
38, 154, 171, 181
intelligence information exchange,
55-60
'
PTT improvised raid, 119-20,
122-30

296

INDEX

Libya, 12
Lippold, Kirk, 174
LlWA (Land Information Warfare
Activity), 168-70, 173, 175-76,
178
logistical footprint, in Afghanistan,
284
Chris Boston, xiv, 245-48
Loudermilk, Tim, xiv, 33,117-18,200
Bronze Star ceremony, 203-4
Ghaffari and, 86, 88-91, 93-96,
100-101
intelligence information exchange,
57-58
Operation Dark Heart, 156, 157-61
Taliban videotape, 48-49, 53-54
"Love My Way" (song), 47, 163
LTC (Leadership Targeting Cell), 32,
33-35, 185, 241
M-4A3 rifles, 32-33
M-11 rifles, 32-33
MacArthur, Douglas, 279
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 50-51, 136
McChrystal, Stanley, xiv, 256, 280
background of, 209-10
Task Force 1099, 191-92, 193,209-12,
216,226-28,233,235,236,238
McFarlane, Ben, 200
McMillan, Kent, 132-38
Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 202-3
MH-6 Little Bird helicopters, 233-34
Miami Vice (TV show), 13
MIDB (Military Intelligence
Database), 168-72, 247
Bill Wilson, xiv, 29-34
Bronze Star of, 245
Ghaffari and, 88-89
intelligence information exchange,
58, 59
Operation Dark Heart, 153, 183
Task Force 180,31,241
Mr. Pink, 5-7,217-19,228-33
Mr. White, 5-7, 225-28, 230-33
mobile phone, and PTT improvised
raid, 119-33
Susan Cane, xiv, 18
morale calls, 103

Moretti, Ray (alias), xiv, 31-32, 161

Operation Mountain Viper, 62-73,
77,80
Mountain Viper. See Operation
Mountain Viper
Phil Trent, xiv, 265
Nairobi embassy bombing, 165, 167
National Commission on Terrorist
Attacks Upon the United States.
See 9/11 Commission
National Guard, 11,89-90
National Imagery and Mapping
Agency (NIMA), 32, 152
National Security Agency. See NSA
National Security Council (NSC), 176,

177
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization), 126, 182-83
Navy SEALs, 74, 196,221,225-38
New York
243-44

night letters, 52-53, 143, 147-48

"Night Stalkers" (160th Special
Operations Aviation-Regiment),
192,219-22,229-30
NIMA (National Imagery and
Mapping Agency), 32, 152
9/11 attacks (2001), 2, 18, 164-66, 175-76
9/11 Commission, 164-65, 177-79,
246-47,249,273-74,275
9/11 Report, 273
Nixon,James, 219-22
North Carolina National Guard,
89-90
Northern Alliance, 29,50-51, 136,
277-78

297

INDEX

NSC (National Security Council), 176,

177
NVGs (night-vision goggles), 75
Officer Candidate School (OCS), 11, 14
Ohio Army National Guard, 11
Olivero,Jose, xiv, 143
Able Danger, 164-65
Bronze Star ceremony, 203-5
intelligence information exchange,
57-58
introduction to, 32, 34
Operation Dark Heart, 155-61
Task Force 121, 191-92, 199-201
Olson, Eric, 235
Omar, Mullah Mohammed, xiv, 31-32,
50,62,63-64
160th Special Operations Aviation
Regiment ("Night Stalkers"), 192,
219-22,229-30
Operating Base Alpha, 18-19,25,
28,42
Operation Body Guard, 283
Operation Copper Green, 257-59
Operation Dark Heart, 147-61,201,
248
Able Danger compared with, 168,
189
General Barno disaster, 182-89
General Vines briefing, 155-61,
181-82
goals of, 147-48
tipping point for, 180-90
Operation Desert Storm, 157
Operation Enduring Freedom, 2, 24
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 184
Operation Mountain Viper, 60-83,
148, 182, 193
Deh Chopan op, 66, 69-81
intelligence information exchange,
57,61
Shadow Matrix compared with,
247-48, 252-53
Operation Shadow Matrix, 240-41,
247-48, 253-59
Operation Urgent Fury, 184
Operation Winter Strike, 192, 194-98,
240-41,253
Orion Scientific Systems, 169

Pakistan border, 54-55

black ops, 60-83, 147-61, 180-98,
240,252-56
Federally Administered Tribal Area,
140-45
Pakistani-Indian cold war, 286-87
Pashtu tribe, 128, 278-79
Patton, George, 45-46, 145
Pearson, Bill, xiv, 260-64
Pentagon Athletic Club, 53
Peshawar, 140,264-65
Phillpott, Scott, 166, 170-73,
249
polygraphs, 42, 211
Porta-Johns, 35, 86
Post Telephone and Telegraph
Company (PTT), 119-20,
122-30
Predator drones, 282
Preisser, Eileen, 175-76, 177,249
PRTs (Provisional Reconstruction
Teams),277
Psychedelic Furs, 47, 163
Qaeda, a1. See al Qaeda
Quetta, 54-55, 140,264-65
Rahman, Omar Abdul, 170-71
Rashid, Ahmed, 140
Reagan, Ronald, 172
Reese, Kate (alias), xiv, 67-69, 83-85,
134,161-63,201-3,231,242
Reichert, Major, 61-62
Return of Forces in Germany
(REFORGER), 12
Revolutionary Organization 17
November, 33
Ring helicopter system, 89-92
risk taking, 17
Ritchie,John, xiv, 240, 243, 248
Operation Dark Heart, 183-89,
201

Rivera, Geraldo, 244

Roppongi Prince Hotel, 161
rules of engagement (ROE), 40, 78
Rumsfeld, Donald H., xiv, 24, 53, 106,
182,253-54,257,259
Russian Road, 37-39,47, 136-38
Russian tank graveyard, 134-35

INDEX

NSC (National Security Council), 176,

177
NVGs (night-vision goggles), 75
Officer Candidate School (OCS), 11, 14
Ohio Army National Guard, 11
Juan Negro, xiv, 143
Able Danger, 164-65
Bronze Star ceremony, 203-5
intelligence information exchange,
57-58
introduction to, 32, 34
Operation Dark Heart, 155-61
Task Force 1099, 191-92, 199-201
Olson, Eric, 235
Omar, Mullah Mohammed, xiv, 31-32,
50,62,63-64
160th Special Operations Aviation
Regiment ("Night Stalkers"), 192,
219-22,229-30
Operating Base Alpha, 18-19,25,
28,42
Operation Body Guard, 283
Operation Dark Heart, 147-61,201,
248
Able Danger compared with, 168,
189
General Barno disaster, 182-89
General Vines briefing, 155-61,
181-82
goals of, 147-48
tipping point for, 180-90
Operation Desert Storm, 157
Operation Enduring Freedom, 2, 24
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 184
Operation Mountain Viper, 60-83,
148, 182, 193
Deh Chopan op, 66, 69-81
intelligence information exchange,
57,61
Shadow Matrix compared with,
247-48, 252-53
Operation Shadow Matrix, 240-41,
247-48,253-59
Operation Urgent Fury, 184
Operation Winter Strike, 192, 194-98,
240-41,253
Orion Scientific Systems, 169

297

Pakistan border, 54-55

black ops, 60-83, 147-61, 180-98,
240,252-56
Federally Administered Tribal Area,
140-45
Pakistani-Indian cold war, 286-87
Pashtu tribe, 128, 278-79
Patton, George, 45-46, 145
George Anderson, xiv, 260-64
Pentagon Athletic Club, 53
Phillpott, Scott, 166, 170-73,
249
polygraphs, 42, 211
Porta-Johns, 35, 86
Post Telephone and Telegraph
Company (PTT), 119-20,
122-30
Predator drones, 282
Preisser, Eileen, 175-76, 177,249
PRTs (Provisional Reconstruction
Teams),277
Psychedelic Furs, 47, 163
Qaeda, a1. See al Qaeda

Rahman, Omar Abdul, 170-71

Rashid, Ahmed, 140
Reagan, Ronald, 172
Reese, Kate (alias), xiv, 67-69, 83-85,
134,161-63,201-3,231,242
Reichert, Major, 61-62
Return of Forces in Germany
(REFORGER), 12
Revolutionary Organization 17
November, 33
Ring helicopter system, 89-92
risk taking, 17
Ritchie,John, xiv, 240, 243, 248
Operation Dark Heart, 183-89,
201
Rivera, Geraldo, 244
rules of engagement (ROE), 40, 78
Rumsfeld, Donald H., xiv, 24, 53, 106,
182,253-54,257,259
Russian Road, 37-39,47, 136-38
Russian tank graveyard, 134-35

298

INDEX

Sadler,John, xiv, 19,268-71

Sanders, Hank, 10
Sands ofIwo Jima, The (movie), 26
SAWs (Squad Automatic Weapons), 78
Schmidt, Dennis (father), 9-10, 242
Schoonmaker, Peter
Able Danger, 106, 166-67, 170,
173-74,178,274,275
Ghaffari and, 106-7, 111-12, 117
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 14
SCIF (Sensitive Compartmented
Information Facility), 29-30, 72-75
Seagal, Steven, 62-63, 248
security clearance, 16, 273-74
Senate Judiciary Committee, 274
September 11 attacks (2001), 2, 18,
164-66,175-76
September 11 Commission. See 9111
Commission
75th Ranger Regiment, 192-98,
209-29
Shadow Matrix. See Operation Shadow
Matrix
Shaffer, Anthony Alexander "Alex"
(son), 16, 20-22, 90, 104, 252, 276
Shaffer, John Robert (stepfather) 9-10
Shaffer, Karen (ex-wife, now Karen
Denise Palya), 16, 20
Shaffer, "Rina" (wife, Norina, nee
MacNeil), 25-26, 85, 87, 103-4,
149,242,243-44,252,276
Shaffer, Ryan Austin (son), 276
Shaffer, Sylvia "Sue" (mother), 9-10
Shakespeare, William, 202-3
"shaping attack," 73-74
sharia, 147
Shays, Christopher, 176
Sheen, Martin, 146
Shelton, Hugh, 167, 174,247,274
Shinseki, Eric, 106
SIGINT (signals intelligence), 30, 147,
194
Smith,J. D., 169
Snow, Ton~243-44
SOCOM (Special Operations
Command), 19, 166-69, 171-78,
274,275
Somalia, 18-19, 157
South Waziristan, 141

Soviet Union
Afghanistan occupation, 29, 53, 102,
132, 135-36
tank graveyard, 134-35
Special Forces, 92-93, 197,280-81
Speicher, Michael Scott, 26
standards of conduct, 85-86
Starbucks, 139
Statue of Liberty, 12
Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25, 155, 165-66
sub-Saharan Africa, 18-19
Sullivan, Patrice, 143-44
sunglasses, 212
surveillance technology, 13
surveillance training, 13-14
Swank, Hilary, 68
Swat Valley, 288
Taliban
Federally Administered Tribal Area,
140-45
goals against, 147-48
Mountain Viper. See Operation
Mountain Viper
Operation Dark Heart.
See Operation Dark Heart
Operation Winter Strike, 192,
194-98,240-41,253
overrunning police outposts, 51-52,
53,62
Task Force 121. See Task Force 121
videotape propaganda, 48-54
"Taliban taxis," 39-40
TAREX (TARget EXploitation),
38-39,43,119-23,198,202
Task Force 5, 24, 149-61, 191, 195
Task Force 121, 189, 191-200
concept of operation, 198
"Death Star," 196-97,206-7,
226-27
Hekmatyar assault, 2-7, 228-31
initial strategy, 191-94
madrassah bombing, 207, 208-9
setup, 194-97
special holding facility, 257-59
spring mission (Operation Shadow
Matrix), 240-41, 247-48, 253-59
Task Force 180, 24, 29-30, 182-83,
197-200

298

INDEX

Allen Stein, xiv, 19,268-71

Sanders, Hank, 10
SAWs (Squad Automatic Weapons), 78
Schmidt, Dennis (father), 9-10, 242
Schoonmaker, Peter
Able Danger, 106, 166-67, 170,
173-74,178,274,275
Ghaffari and, 106-7, 111-12, 117
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 14
SCIF (Sensitive Compartmented
Information Facility), 29-30, 72-75
Seagal, Steven, 62-63, 248
security clearance, 16, 273-74
Senate Judiciary Committee, 274
September 11 attacks (2001), 2, 18,
164-66,175-76
September 11 Commission. See 9/11
Commission
75th Ranger Regiment, 192-98,
209-29
Shadow Matrix. See Operation Shadow
Matrix
Shaffer, Anthony Alexander "Alex"
(son), 16, 20-22, 90, 104,252,276
Shaffer, John Robert (stepfather) 9-10
Shaffer, Karen (ex-wife, now Karen
Denise Palya), 16, 20
Shaffer, "Rina" (wife, Norina, nee
MacNeil), 25-26, 85, 87, 103-4,
149,242,243-44,252,276
Shaffer, Ryan Austin (son), 276
Shaffer, Sylvia "Sue" (mother), 9-10
Shakespeare, William, 202-3
"shaping attack," 73-74
sharia, 147
Shays, Christopher, 176
Sheen, Martin, 146
Shelton, Hugh, 167, 174,247,274
106

Smith,]. D., 169

Snow, Tony, 243-44
SOCOM (Special Operations
Command), 19, 166-69, 171-78,
274,275
Somalia, 18-19, 157
South Waziristan, 141

Soviet Union
Afghanistan occupation, 29, 53, 102,
132, 135-36
tank graveyard, 134-35
Special Forces, 92-93, 197,280-81
Speicher, Michael Scott, 26
standards of conduct, 85-86
Starbucks, 139
Statue of Liberty, 12
Stratus Ivy, 17-19, 24-25, 155, 165-66
sub-Saharan Africa, 18-19
Sullivan, Patrice, 143-44
sunglasses, 212
surveillance technology, 13
surveillance training, 13-14
Swank, Hilary, 68
Swat Valley, 288
Taliban
Federally Administered Tribal Area,
140-45
goals against, 147-48
Mountain Viper. See Operation
Mountain Viper
Operation Dark Heart.
See Operation Dark Heart
Operation Winter Strike, 192,
194-98,240-41,253
overrunning police outposts, 51-52,
53,62
Task Force 1099. See Task Force 1099
videotape propaganda, 48-54
"Taliban
" 39-40

Task Force 1099, 189, 191-200

concept of operation, 198
"Death Star," 196-97, 206-7,
226-27
Hekmatyar assault, 2-7, 228-31
initial strategy, 191-94
madrassah bombing, 207, 208-9
setup, 194-97
special holding facility, 257-59
spring mission (Operation Shadow
Matrix), 240-41, 247-48, 253-59
Task Force 180, 24, 29-30, 182-83,
197-200

INDEX

Task Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,

155, 165-66
Task Force Warrior, 184
Tate,Julie, 37-38, 39,43-44,46
Tenet, George, 152, 208
10th Mountain Division, 1-7, 29, 92-93
See also Operation Mountain Viper
Tier 1 targets. See HVTs
Tier 2 targets, 32, 57
Title 10, 153-54, 160
Title 50, 160
TOC (Tactical Operations Center)
("Death Star"), 196-97,206-7,
226-27
Tora Bora, 2-3
Torres, Raphael, 64-65, 69-73
torture. See enhanced interrogation
methods
Toyota Corollas, 39-40
Toyota Tacomas, 29
training of Anthony Shaffer, 11-12
unity of command, 278-79, 282
Varicose and His Itchy Veins, 241
Vietnam War, 86, 146-47, 280
Vines,John, xiv, 30-31, 58
Operation Dark Heart, 149, 152,
155-61, 181-82
Operation Mountain Viper, 61, 68
Wana, 54-55, 140-45, 147-61, 186,
192-93,264-65
Ward, Bob, xiv, 197-98,240,243
Washington, Chris, 200
Wayne, John, 26
Weiding, David "Dave," xiv
Al Qaeda Hotel, 139-45
intelligence information exchange,
55-60
introduction to, 30-31
Kabul IED, 36, 43-47
Operation Dark Heart, 149-61
Operation Mountain Viper, 60, 61,
63-65,69-71

PTT improvised raid, 122-30

Taliban video, 48-55
TAREX missions, 38-39
Weldon, Curt, 176,273
Werman, Lisa (alias), xiv, 119-30,
150
West Point, 12
Wilson, Tom, 174
winning in Afghanistan, 277-89
addressing root cause of regional
instability, 286-87
appointing a forceful leader,
279-80
changing logistical footprint, 284
controlling the border, 281
creating internal operational policy
framework,280-81
establishing peace process,
284-86
establishing true combined forces
command, 278-79
following the money, 284
price of failure, 287-88
radically rethinking analytical
approach, 282-84
reducing the violence, 282
WMDs (weapons of mass destruction),
19
World Trade Center attacks (2001).
See 9/11 attacks
World Trade Center bombing (1993),
166-67, 169, 170
World War II, 86, 278-79, 283
Wright State College, 11-12
Yemen, 173-74
York, Jerry, 150-51
Zabul, 61, 66, 69. See also Operation
Mountain Viper
Zaid, Mark, 272-73
Zawahiri, Ayman AI-, xiv, 32, 194,
264
Zelikow, Philip, xiv, 177-79,246-47,
249,273

299

INDEX

299

Task Force Stratus Ivy, 17-19,24-25,

155, 165-66
Task Force Warrior, 184
Tate, Julie, 37-38, 39,43-44, 46
Tenet, George, 152, 208
10th Mountain Division, 1-7,29,92-93
See also Operation Mountain Viper
Tier 1 targets. See HVTs
Tier 2 targets, 32, 57
Title 10, 153-54, 160
Title 50, 160
TOC (Tactical Operations Center)
("Death Star"), 196-97,206-7,
226-27
Tora Bora, 2-3
Torres, Raphael, 64-65, 69-73
torture. See enhanced interrogation
methods
Toyota Corollas, 39-40
Toyota Tacomas, 29
training of Anthony Shaffer, 11-12
unity of command, 278-79, 282
Varicose and His Itchy Veins, 241
Vietnam War, 86, 146-47,280
Vines, John, xiv, 30-31, 58
Operation Dark Heart, 149, 152,
155-61, 181-82
Operation Mountain Viper, 61, 68
Wana, 54-55, 140-45, 147-61, 186,
192-93,264-65
Bruce Gains, xiv, 197-98,240,243
Medford, Chris, 200
Christenson, David "Dave," xiv
Al Qaeda Hotel, 139-45
intelligence information exchange,
55-60
introduction to, 30-31
Kabul IED, 36,43-47
Operation Dark Heart, 149-61
Operation Mountain Viper, 60, 61,
63-65,69-71

PTT improvised raid, 122-30

Taliban video, 48-55
Weldon, Curt, 176,273
Werman, Lisa (alias), xiv, 119-30,
150
West Point, 12
Wilson, Tom, 174
winning in Afghanistan, 277-89
addressing root cause of regional
instability, 286-87
appointing a forceful leader,
279-80
changing logistical footprint, 284
controlling the border, 281
creating internal operational policy
framework, 280-81
establishing peace process,
284-86
establishing true combined forces
command,278-79
following the money, 284
price of failure, 287-88
radically rethinking analytical
approach, 282-84
reducing the violence, 282
WMDs (weapons of mass destruction),
19
World Trade Center attacks (2001).
See 9/11 attacks
World Trade Center bombing (1993),
166-67, 169, 170
World War II, 86, 278-79, 283
Wright State College, 11-12
Yemen, 173-74
York,Jerry, 150-51
Zabul, 61, 66, 69. See also Operation
Mountain Viper
Zaid, Mark, 272-73
Zawahiri, Ayman AI-, xiv, 32, 194,
264
Zelikow, Philip, xiv, 177-79,246-47,
249,273