Usage of Dative Case form of pronouns :

* Dative Case

Used when a pronoun is to be shown as indirect object (recepient / beneficiary)

(or in case of Hindi , in , 'X' has / have to ........ constructs ,explained later)

1. Basically this form is equivalent to : (to (ko) / for (ke liye (to be discussed later)) + pronoun )
form .
Forms corresponding to different pronouns --main mujhe
hama hamen (hama logon ko)
tuma tumhe (tuma ko)
tuma tuma logon ko (plural)
yaha / ye ise (isko)
ye inhe
(inko)

vaha / vo use (usko )

ve unhe
(unko)

** Form given alongside in parantheses are not considered 'grammatically correct' (and
considered a product of 'overgeneralisations') in most cases but are more often used
colloquially .Perhaps ,you may opt to learn these forms ('incorrect' ones) but with time you
should try to learn to identify both forms (with exposure hopefully , you will) .
2. Usage : Case 1 :
Main (I) Raama ko (to Raama) kitaaba (a book ) detaa hoon (give (I)).
Compare with :
Main (I) use / usko (to him) kitaaba (a book ) detaa hoon (give (I)).
so ,as in English : to + he - > to him
and
to + Raama (any proper noun ) - > unchanged
in Hindi :
and

vaha + ko - > use / usko

Raama + ko - > unchanged

Vo mujhe (to me ,recepient ,indirect object ) eka toffee (direct object ,what is being
given) roza detaa hai (denaa to give).
Clearly ,the modified pronoun is indirect object ,i.e. , is usually a recipient (receiving direct object) or
beneficiary (for whom doer intends to do something) .
Case 2 :
X has / have to ................. type of constructs .

To express the idea "I have to........," Hindi uses the pattern: "to me to ... it is."
Lets analyse this .
I have to sleep . - > Mujhe (to me ) sonaa(to sleep) hai (is).
The pattern of sentence formation Pronoun (dative form) + root form of verb (-naa ending) + hai
This is a basic pattern further addition of adjectives ,adverbs etc .goes as per previously discussed
manner.
Please note that this is not a case of 'incongruence in translation' but a difference in basic structure of
things as they are manifested in language .While meanings conveyed are same ,final constructs have
different grammatical forms .
Thats why you shouldnt try to learn language by trying to translate things only but realising at a deeper
level : ' why is that word there in that form '.Try to realise that this meaning is conveyed in this (Hindi)
language bit differently.
Try this now.
Mujhe paanee peenaa hai .
Or try analysing this .
Use paraathaa naheen khaanaa . -> He doesn't have to eat (a) parathaa.
Finally , lets not forget that in both Cases (1 & 2) ,only the forms are same while context of usage and
meaning conveyed are different but surely both forms can be used in same sentence .
Hamen / hama logon ko tuma logon ko paise denaa hai .
(We have to -to you- money give)
See how construct becomes more complicated :
>Simple have to construct (We have to give) - Hamen / hama logon ko denaa hai .
>Introduce direct object (We have to give money) - Hamen / hama logon ko paise denaa hai .
>Add indirect object (We have to give money to you (people)) - Hamen / hama logon ko tuma logon
ko paise denaa hai .
Try analysing Raama ko Shyaama ko phala denaa hai .
And compare - Shyaama ko Raama ko phala denaa hai .
So order changing can change meaning because endings which inform about grammatical form are
same and so we rely on positioning of noun to determine meaning .(Brutus loves Portia vs Portia loves
Brutus.)