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disorders affecting hormones and other substances essential for muscles to work
properly
being born prematurely (before the 37th week of pregnancy) premature babies
sometimes have hypotonia because their muscles are not fully developed by the time
they are born
Examples of some of the many health conditions that can cause hypotonia are described
below, although some of these are rare.
brain and spinal cord injury, including bleeding into the brain
serious infections, such as meningitis (an infection of the outside membrane of the
brain) and encephalitis (an infection of the brain itself)
Down's syndrome a genetic disorder present at birth that affects a person's normal
physical development and causes learning difficulties
Tay-Sachs disease a rare and usually fatal genetic disorder that causes progressive
damage to the nervous system
spinal muscular atrophy a genetic condition that causes muscle weakness and a
progressive loss of movement
muscular dystrophy a group of genetic conditions that gradually cause the muscles
to weaken, leading to increasing but variable levels of disability
multiple sclerosis where the myelin coverings of nerve fibres are damaged,
interfering with their ability to transfer signals
motor neurone disease a rare condition that progressively damages the motor
nerves and causes the muscles to waste away
Weakness and problems with mobility and balance are common in these conditions, but
muscle tone may also be affected.