Jordan University of Science and Technology

Faculty of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department

Engineering Materials Laboratory

Exp. #4 Creep Test

Student's name: Mateel Yasser Hanna Haddad

Student's No.: 20130029011

Teacher: Dr. Omar Bataineh

Teacher assistant : Mo'men Rbabah

Date of the experiment : 16-3-2016

Due date :23-3-2016

section : 4

: Table Of Contents
Page number

Description

Page 1

Objective , introduction

Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7

Impact tests
Impact testing Machine ,
procedure
Sample Calculations
Toughness curves for charpy
and izod tests
Discussion
Conclusion and references

Objectives :

Define creep and discuss its importance in materials engineering

Identify the primary mechanisms of creep deformation
Detail experimental ways to determine creep.
Discuss design options to minimize creep deformation .

: Introduction
Creep is a time- dependent deformation under a certain applied load.
Generally occurs at high temperature (thermal creep), but can also
happen at room temperature in certain materials (e.g. lead or glass),
albeit much slower. As a result, the material undergoes a time dependent
increase in length, which could be dangerous while in service. Creep is
.specially taken care of while designing engines, boilers and turbines
The rate of deformation is called the creep rate, the variation of creep
rate with time is due to the changes in the internal structure of material
with creep strain and time.It represents the slope of the line in a Creep
.Strain vs. Time curve
A typical creep test consist of subjecting a specimen to a constant load or
stress while maintaining the temperature constant; deformation or strain
is measured and plotted as a function of elapsed time. The figure (Fig.1)
shows a typical creep curve shape. It is helpful to divide the curve in
three periods of time. Primary creep occurs first, typified by a
continuously decreasing creep rate;that is the slope diminishes with
time. This suggests that the material is experiencing an increase in creep
resistance or strain hardening. In the secondary creep section, the creep
rate is constant, so the plot becomes linear. This is often the stage of
creep that is of longer duration. Finally, for the tertiary creep, there is an
acceleration of the rate and ultimate failure. This type of failure is called
rupture; it occurs due to grain boundary separation, and the formation of
internal cracks, cavities, and voids. For tensile loads, it is often to see
a neck formation in the specimen during this creep stage.
.The critical temperature for creep is 0.4of the melting temperature
. If T > 0.4Tmelting creep is likely to occur

Fig.1 : typical creep curve

shape

The principal deformation processes at elevated

:temperatures are
Deformation by slip: New slip systems become operative when metal -1
are deformed at elevated temperature. Slip under high-temperature creep
.conditions occurs on many slip planes for small slip distance
Grain-Boundary Sliding: At elevated temperatures the grains in -2
polycrystalline metals are able to move relative to each other. Grain
boundary sliding is a shear process which occurs in the direction of the
grain boundary. The main importance of grain-boundary sliding is that it
.initiates grain boundary fracture

:Setups
creep-testing machine: measures the Creep (the tendency of a
material after being subjected to high levels of stress, e.g. high
temperatures, to change its form in relation to time) of an object. It is a
device that measures the alteration of a material after it has been put
through different forms of stress. Creep machines are important to see
how much strain (load) an object can handle under pressure, so engineers
.and researchers are able to determine what materials to use
The device generates a creep time-dependent curve by calculating the
steady rate of creep in reference to the time it takes for the material to
change. Creep machines are primarily used by engineers to determine
the stability of a material and its behavior when it is put through ordinary
.stresses
The main type of creep testing machine that is most commonly used is a
constant load creep testing machine. The constant load creep machine
consists of a loading platform, foundation, fixture devices and furnace.
.The fixture devices are the grips and pull rods
1- Load platform or sometimes called load hanger is where the
object will endure pressure at a constant rate.
2- Grips are used to hold the material you are testing in a certain
position. Position is important because if the alignment is off, the
machine will deliver inaccurate readings of the creep of the
material.
3- Dial Gauge is used to measure the strain. It is the object that
captures the movement of the object in the machine. The load
beam transfers the movement from the grip to the dial gauge.

4- Heating Chamber is what surrounds the object and maintain the

temperature that the object is subjected to.

Fig.2 : creep testing

machine

Procedure :
.Select four standard creep specimens.1
Fix the first specimen from top and bottom using the two holes of the .2
.specimen to the two pins of the creep testing machine
Apply a load of 50 gram on the specimen using the creep testing .3
machine
.Adjust the dial gauge of the testing machine to zero reading .4
Remove the safety pin of the machine to start the test, and start the.5
.stop watch simultaneously to count the time of the test
Start recording the time vs. deformation of the specimen. Keep .6
.recording the data until the specimen failed
Repeat the test from step 2 to 6 of the procedure using a load of 100 .7
gram and 150 gram for the second and third specimen respectively

Plot, for the purpose of comparison, on the same sheet of graph paper .8
the relationship between time and strain of the three differently loaded
.specimens

Cool the fourth specimen to a temperature lower than room .9

temperature using blocks of ice, and repeat the same steps of the test
using a load of 50 gm
Plot the creep curve of the cooled specimen on the same graph paper .10
and compare between the results obtained of the first and the fourth
specimen, which were both under the same load (50 gram), but at
.different temperature

Test Results :

Fig.3 strain time curve for creep test at different

loads

Sample Calculation :
To compute the strain use the following equation :
Strain = elongation / gauge length
For 2.2 kg at time 0 the elongation was equal 0.02 and the gauge length
is 22 mm so by applying the strain equation we found that the strain
equal 0.0009