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ETLTestingInterviewQuestionsandanswers

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Question.1 What is a Data Warehouse?

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Answer: A Data Warehouse is a collection of data marts representing historical data from different
operationaldatasource(OLTP).ThedatafromtheseOLTParestructuredandoptimizedforqueryinganddata
analysisinaDataWarehouse.

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Question.2 What is a Data mart?

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Answer:ADataMartisasubsetofadatawarehousethatcanprovidedataforreportingandanalysisona
section,unitoradepartmentlikeSalesDept,HRDept,etc.TheDataMartaresometimesalsocalledasHPQS
(HigherPerformanceQueryStructure).[sociallocker]

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Question.3 What is OLAP?

Answer: OLAP stands for Online Analytical Processing. It uses database tables (Fact and Dimension
tables)toenablemultidimensionalviewing,analysisandqueryingoflargeamountofdata.
Question.4 What is OLTP?
Answer: OLTP stands for Online Transaction Processing Except data warehouse databases the other
databasesareOLTPs.TheseOLTPusesnormalizedschemastructure.TheseOLTPdatabasesaredesigned
forrecordingthedailyoperationsandtransactionsofabusiness.

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Question.5 What are Dimensions?

Answer: Dimensions are categories by which summarized data can be viewed. For example a profit Fact
tablecanbeviewedbyatimedimension.
Question.6 What are Confirmed Dimensions?

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Answer: The Dimensions which are reusable and fixed in nature Example customer, time, geography
dimensions.
Question.7 What are Fact Tables?

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Answer: AFactTableisatablethatcontainssummarizednumerical(facts)andhistoricaldata.ThisFact
Tablehasaforeignkeyprimarykeyrelationwithadimensiontable.TheFactTablemaintainstheinformationin
3rdnormalform.
Astarschemaisdefinedisdefinedasalogicaldatabasedesigninwhichtherewillbeacentrallylocated
fact table which is surrounded by at least one or more dimension tables. This design is best suited for Data
WarehouseorDataMart.
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Question.8
What are the types of Facts?
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Answer: ThetypesofFactsareasfollows.
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1.AdditiveFacts:AFactwhichcanbesummedupforanyofthedimensionavailableinthefacttable.

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2. SemiAdditive Facts: A Fact which can be summed up to a few dimensions and not for all dimensions
availableinthefacttable.
3.NonAdditiveFact:AFactwhichcannotbesummedupforanyofthedimensionsavailableinthefacttable.
Question.9 What are the types of Fact Tables?
Answer: ThetypesofFactTablesare:

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1.CumulativeFactTable:Thistypeoffacttablesgenerallydescribeswhatwashappenedovertheperiodof
time.Theycontainadditivefacts.
2. Snapshot Fact Table: This type of fact table deals with the particular period of time. They contain non
additiveandsemiadditivefacts.
Question.10 What is Grain of Fact?
Answer: TheGrainofFactisdefinedasthelevelatwhichthefactinformationisstoredinafacttable.Thisis
alsocalledasFactGranularityorFactEventLevel.
Question.11 What is Factless Fact table?
Answer: TheFactTablewhichdoesnotcontainsfactsiscalledasFactTable.Generallywhenweneedto
combine two data marts, then one data mart will have a fact less fact table and other one with common fact
table.
Question.12 What are Measures?
Answer: Measuresarenumericdatabasedoncolumnsinafacttable.
Question.13 What are Cubes?
Answer: Cubesaredataprocessingunitscomposedoffacttablesanddimensionsfromthedatawarehouse.
Theyprovidedmultidimensionalanalysis.
Question.14 What are Virtual Cubes?
Answer: Thesearecombinationofoneormorerealcubesandrequirenodiskspacetostorethem.They
storeonlydefinitionandnotthedata.
Question.15 What is a Star schema design?
Answer: AStarschemaisdefinedasalogicaldatabasedesigninwhichtherewillbeacentrallylocated
fact table which is surrounded by at least one or more dimension tables. This design is best suited for Data
WarehouseorDataMart.
Question.16 What is Snow Flake schema Design?
Answer: InaSnowFlakedesignthedimensiontable(denormalizedtable)willbefurtherdividedintoone
ormoredimensions(normalizedtables)toorganizetheinformationinabetterstructuralformat.Todesignsnow
flakeweshouldfirstdesignstarschemadesign.
Question.17 What is Operational Data Store [ODS] ?
Answer: It is a collection of integrated databases designed to support operational monitoring. Unlike the
OLTPdatabases,thedataintheODSareintegrated,subjectorientedandenterprisewidedata.
Question.18 What is Denormalization?
Answer: Denormalization means a table with multi duplicate key. The dimension table follows
Denormalizationmethodwiththetechniqueofsurrogatekey.
Question.19 What is Surrogate Key?
Answer: ASurrogateKeyisasequencegeneratedkeywhichisassignedtobeaprimarykeyinthesystem
(table).[/signinlocker]
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