Nama : Reny Oktavianti

NIM

: 03031381320015

Kelas : A

Example

14.2.

Triple-Effect

Foward-Feed

Evaporator.
It is desired to concentrate 50,000 lb/hr of the
chemical solution at 100 oF and 10.0 percent solid to a
product which contains 50 percent solids. Steam is available at 12 psig, and the
last effect of a triple effect evaporator with equal heat-transfer surfaces in each
effect will be assumsed of operate at vacum of 26.0 in. Hg reffered to a 30-in
barometer. Water is available at 85 oF for use in a barometer condenser.
Assume a negligible BPR, an average spesific heat of 1.0 in all effect, the
condensate for each effect leaves at its saturation temperature an that there are
negligible radiation losses. Calculate:
a. Steam consumption,
b. Heating surface required for each body
c. Condeser water required.) the accepted overall coefficient of U1 = 600 U2 = 250,
U3 = 125 Btu/hr ft3 oF

Penyelesaikan:

Answer:
STEP 1
wF

(Total Feed)

10.0 percent solid

= 50,000 lb/hr
50 percent solids

Ps (awal) = 12 Psig = 26,7 Psia

P (vapor to condensor (akhir)) = 26 inHg = 1,95 Psia
tF

= 100 oF

TS

at 12 Psig

T3

at 26 in. Hg (1.95 psia) = 125 oF

Total T
Total solid in feed

= 244 oF

= 119 oF
= % solid in feed

wF

= 10 % 50,000 lb/hr = 5000 lb/hr

w2

Total solid in feed

% Solid in product

(Total product) =

5000 lb/hr
0,50

10,000 lb/hr
w 13

Total evaporation,

= 50.000 lb/hr 10.000 lb/hr = 40.000 lb/hr

CF = 1.0
STEP 2
Aplikasi balance untuk forward-feed ini adalah
Heat Balance ((Pers. 14.8, 14.9, 14.11 Hal 410 (Kern, Process Heat Transfer))
First effect

Ws

wF

cF(

tF

t1

wF

t1

)=

w1

( w F w 3 ) c1 ( t 2 -

w1

(14.8) cf = 1.0
=

Ws

s
w1

Second effect =

+
1

tF

1
t3

w2

( w F w 1w 2 ) c2 ( t 1 - t2 ) = w 3

) =

(14.9)
=
Third effect

w1
w2

1
2

w w 3 )
t
t
w2
+ ( F
( 2 - 3 )=
+

(14.11)
=

w2

( w F w 1w 2 ) ( t1 - t 2 ) = w 3

Materal balance:
w 1w 2w3 = w 13

(Pers. 14.12 Hal 410 (Kern, Process Heat

Transfer))
STEP 3
Average pressur difference:
P

26,7 1,95
= 3

24,75
= 3

= 8,25

STEP 4
1 st effect

Ps = 12 Psig
Ts = 244 oF
s = 949 Btu/lb

2nd effect

P1 = 18,45 Psia = 3,745 Psig = 4 Psig

t1 = 224 oF
1 = 961 Btu/lb

3rd effect

P2 = 10,20 Psia

P1 = 10 Psia
P2 = 11 Psia
P P1
P 2 - P1

T1 = 193,21 oF
T2 = 197,75 oF
t t1
= t 2 - t1

1 = 982,1 Btu/lb
2 = 979,3 Btu/lb
P P1
P2 - P 1

10,2 10
11- 10

1
2 - 1
10 ,2 10
11 -10

T 193,21
197,75 193,21

982,1
979,3 982,1
t 193,21 = 0,908

982,1

t = 194,118
t2 = 194

2
2

= - 0,56
= 981,5
= 981

Vapor To Condensor
P3 = 26 inHg
P1 = 25 inHg
P2 = 27 inHg
P P1
P 2 - P1

1
2 - 1

t1 = 134 oF
t2 = 115 oF
t t1
t 2 - t1

1 = 1017 Btu/lb
2 = 1027 Btu/lb
P P1
P 2 - P1

26 25
27- 25

T 134
115- 134

26 25
27- 25

1017
1027- 1017
2 t - 268 = -19

2044
2

t = 124,5
3
= 1022
t3 = 125
Tabel 1. Breakup of The Total Presure Difference
Pressure
(Psia)
Steam chest, 1st
effect
Steam chest, 2d
effect
Steam chest, 3d
effect
Vapor to condenser

P
(Psia)

26,7
(12 Psig)

Steam of

, Btu/lb

vapor oF
Ts = 244 oF

S = 949

18,45

8,25

t1 = 224

1 = 961

(3,745 Psig)
10,20
(20,7 inHg)

8,25

t2 = 194

3 = 981

8,25

t3 = 125

3 = 1022

1,95
(26 Psig)

(Keenan And Keyes, Thermodynamic Properties of steam, By Permission Of John Wiley &
Sons, Inc)

STEP 5
W1-3 from heat balance:
w1

Ws s + wF ( t F - t 1 )
1

Ws 949 + 50000 (100-244)

= 961
949 W s 7.200.000
= 961

Ws -7.492,19

= 0,987

w 1 1 + ( w F w1 ) ( t 1 - t 2 )
2

w2 =

(0,987 W s -7.492,19) 961 + ( 50,000 (0,987 W s -7.492,19 ) (224- 194 )

= 981
918,89 W s 5,45 x 106
= 981
= 0,937

w3

Ws

- 5.810,39

w 2 2 + ( w F - w1 - w 2 ) ( t2 - t 3

(50,000 (0,987 W s 7.492,19

0,937 W s5.810,39 )
=
() (194- 125
( 0,937 W s - 5.810,39 ) 981 +

(919,197 W s 5,6 7 x 10 ) + ( 63302,58 1,918 W s

= 1022

(949 Ws - 5,6 7 x 106 ) + ( 4, 36 x 106 132,34 Ws

= 1022

w3

( 919,197 W s 76.37 w3 - 1.332.114,57

1022

= 0,77

W s - 1281,8

Material balance :

w 1+ w2 +w 3 = w 13

) 69

W s 7.492,19 ) + ( 0,937 W s - 5.810,39 ) + (0,77 W s - 1281,8) =

(0,987
40.000
2,694

W s 14584,38 - 40.000 = 0
W s 54584,38 = 0

2,694

Ws

2.694

Ws

= 20261

w1

= 0,987

W s 7.492,19

= 0,987

( 20261 ) -7.492,19

= 54584,38

= 12505,87
w2

=0,937 W s
= 0,937 ( 20261 )

- 5.810,39
- 5.810,39

= 13174,167
w3

= 0,77 W s

- 1212,5

= 0,77 (20261) - 1212,5

= 14319,17
sehingga
w1
w2
w3

= 12505,87
= 13174,167
= 14319,17

----------------------------+
= 40.000
STEP 6
Heat Surface Area:

A1

Ws s
= U 1 ( Ts - t 1 )

(Pers. 14.13 Hal 410 (Kern, Process Heat

Transfer))
20261 949
= 60020

A2

= 1602,3 ft2

w 1 1

= U2 ( t1 - t2 )

12505,87 961
= 250 30

A3

= 1602,4 ft2

U3 ( t 2 - t3
= w2 2

13174,167 981
= 125 69

= 1498,41 ft2

Yang di gunakan yaitu 1600 ft2/effect

STEP 7
w 3 3
Heat to condenser
=
14319,17 lb/hr 1022 Btu/lb
= 1,463 x 107 Btu/hr
T air yang tersedia untuk digunakan pada barometric condenser = 85 oF
STEP 8
Water requirement

1,463 x 107 Btu/hr

= (120-85)

4,18 x 105
500

= 836 gpm

Economy =

wF
Ws
40000

= 20261
= 1,974 lb/lb