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integrable if
f t dt
exists.
DEFINITION (Piecewise Continuity) The function f(t) is piecewise continuous over an
interval on the t-axis if this interval can be divided into a finite number of subintervals in
which f(t) is continuous. For each subinterval, f(t) has a finite limit as the ends are
approached from the interior.
lim f (t1 ) f (t1 )
For an absolutely integrable piecewise continues (sufficient conditions) function f(t) there
exists:
DEFINITION (Fourier Transform)
Complex Variables
Inverse operation gives the pairing f(t)
1
f ti f ti
2
find the Fourier transform and verify the Fourier integral representation for f(t)
Solution. From the definition:
and now
Complex Variables
If t >0 we can use (v = t) :
So:
If t < 0 :
in l.h.p.
So:
If t =0 :
and
Finally
3
Complex Variables
Property:
F af (t ) bg (t ) aF f (t ) bF g (t )
Thus
If dnf/dtn is absolute integrable and piecewise continues (and vanishes when t )
g (t ) f (t )dt
So:
d
g (t ) f (t )
dt
i G() F () G() F () i
Complex Variables
EXAMPLE 2 Consider the series electric circuit in the figure containing a resistor r and
inductance L . The voltage v(t) supplied by the generator is a sine function that is turned
on for only two cycles. What is the current i(t) ?
Solution. By the Kirchhoffs law
i L r
5
Complex Variables
Result:
where
r
t
0
0 L
e it
L
2 i
e
2 2 i L r iL 02 2 i r L r 2 02 L2
1st+ 3rd + 5th integrals = the principal value, and 6th integral = 0 (by the Jordans lemma).
Consider the 2nd and 4th integrals.
6
Complex Variables
For the 2nd :
e it
e it
2 i
Res
,0 i
2
2
2
2 2 i L r iL 02 2
r
0 0
i i0 L r i0t
e
4 r 2 02 L2
i i0 L r i t
e
4 r 2 02 L2
0
Sum:
for t 0 the same contour
y
0
And
Complex Variables
Which gives only:
For i2 first consider t 4/0 , then the result is the same as for i1 , but t t - 4/0 . But,
and
, so:
For i2 then consider t < 4/0 (t t - 4/) put the contour in the lower half-plane again:
Finally: