CONTINUOUS HUMAN HEALTH

CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM

BY USING ANDROID APP
1

Mr.B.Vinod,
Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Ganesh College of Engineering, Salem
Email: b.vinod.ece@gmail.com
2
R.Prasanthan,3S.Ranjith,
2,3,
UG Scholar, Dept of ECE, Ganesh College of Engineering, Salem

ABSTRACT:

I.INTRODUCTION:

In a hospital health care monitoring system

it is necessary to constantly monitor the patients
physiological parameters. This paper presents
monitoring the physiological parameters
includes heart beat, temperature, fall detection,
GPS location. These are measured by fixing the
sensors in a jacket and the patients are made to
wear the jacket. The parameters are sensed by
the sensors and fed to microcontroller and using
Raspberry Pi , we can connect to the GSM and
viewed through the android app. We explain
details of different techniques used for data
compression of this methodology and provide
efficient transmission of data considering allow
able range of perturbation in the information
content in maintaining original characteristics.
For the transmission of physiological data, we
visualize to have a dedicated channel in
upcoming fifth generation mobile technology, as
more bandwidth for everybody is anticipated for
services liked at a on demand, and would make
24x7 health-monitoring a reality in the near
future. The novelty of our approach lies in the
fact that it would enable online, round-the clock
health watch for the cellular system subscribers
at very low power consumption by collaborating
with the underlying sensor networks.

A healthcare system in the last decade was

made possible due to the recent advances in
wireless and network technologies, linked with
recent advances in nanotechnologies and
ubiquitous computing systems. The research
described in this project pursues the development
of a health care monitoring of patient. An
intelligent monitoring system is a system that
autonomously monitors the patient heart beat,
temperature, fall detection, location and data are
collected by sensors, processes the data from the
sensors and reports about these data. The system
used electronic health techniques are used, such
as machine learning and logic. There are a lot of
different sensors, mostly classified to the kind of
quantity measured; mechanical quantities (force,
flow rate and pressure), thermal quantities
(temperature), electrostatic, biological quantities
(pulse rate, concentrations of enzyme substrates
and antibodies). This project will describe a
system that will be used to monitor the patient in
their daily life. This introduction will first
describe why these critical patients need this
support and what the problems are in providing
this support. Then it will explain why this system
could be a solution and will introduce the
research questions of this project. The goal of
this service is to provide health care services to
anyone at any time, overcoming the constraints
of place, time and character. This health
monitoring system takes steps to design, develop
and evaluate online technologies that help

INDEX TERMS: Micro controller, Raspberry Pi,

Android App, GSM.

citizens participate more closely in their own

health care. In many situations people have
medical issues which are known to them but are
unwilling or unable to reliably go to a physician.
Obesity, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat,
or diabetes is examples of such common health
problems. In these cases, people are usually
advised to periodically visit their physicians for
routine medical checkups. But if this project can
provide them with a smarter and more
personalized means through which they can get
medical feedback, it will save their valuable
time, satisfy their desire for personal control over
their own health, and lower the cost of long term
medical care.
II.RELATED STUDY:
Basic idea of this project was to make an
intelligent health monitoring system is designed
where temperature and pulse rate of a critical
patient is measured and the data will uploaded.
The total system is designed by using
microcontroller. It is a system that is
automatically collects the temperature and the
pulse rate of a critical patient, the temperature
will convert and by using micro controller and
RF module it will update in online. Since it is an
online process the doctor or their close relatives
can check anytime using the app. Body sensor
network systems can help people by providing
healthcare services such as medical monitoring,
memory enhancement, medical data access, and
communication with the healthcare provider in
emergency situations through the SMS or GPRS
[1,2]. Continuous health monitoring with
wearable [3] or clothing-embedded transducers
[4] and implantable body sensor networks [5]
will increase detection of emergency conditions
in at risk patients. Not only the patient, but also
their families will benefit from these. Also, these
systems provide useful methods to remotely
acquire and monitor the physiological signals
without the need of interruption of the patients
normal life, thus improving life quality [5,6].

Although present systems allow continuous

monitoring of patient vital signs, these systems
require the sensors to be placed bedside monitors
or PCs, and limit the patient to his bed. But now,
there is no relation between the sensors and the
bedside equipment due to the wireless devices
and wireless networks. Datas are measured by
fixing the sensors in a jacket and the patients are
made to wear the jacket. In most cases, health
monitoring will be done by infrastructureoriented wireless networks such as commercial
cellular/3G networks or wireless LANs. But, the
coverage of the infrastructure-oriented networks
changes with time or location. Sometimes, the
coverage of wireless network is not available, or
the coverage is available but we cannot access to
the network due to a lack of available bandwidth.
Researchers at MIT lab have developed MIThril,
a wearable computing platform compatible with
both custom & off the shelf sensors. This paper
Context- aware Human Activity Recognition and
Decision Making proposes a project called code
blue which is based on developing WSN for
medical applications. When sensors are attached
to human body, it transmits vital signals by the
help of ad-hoc network to healthcare providers.
This method provides a continuous monitoring of
patient and data are updated in online and it can
be viewed by the doctor using an app.
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)
form an important prong of such wearable
technology that involve the use of low power,
low radio range sensor nodes for sensing of
physiological and bio kinetic parameters and
transmission of sensed data using wireless link
hops over a network. WBANs envisage a humancentric use of wireless technology for
personalized telehealth and telemedicine, and
remove the compulsion to stay confined to bed or
under the care of medical attendants or doctors.
Apart from monitoring the physiological and bio
kinetic parameters of patients and athletes, the
concept can also be used in life- saving
applications, especially the personnel who work

in hazardous environments, like first responders,

fire-fighters, divers and astronauts. The rise in
the cost of healthcare around the world has
proportionately increased the need for integrating
WBAN systems into the upcoming information
technology and telecom infrastructure.WBANs
can drive the cost-savings and improve the
efficiency of healthcare by effecting proactive
concepts. In addition to monitoring of vital signs,
seizures or organ implants, WBANs can provide
proactive
cardiovascular
monitoring
by
identifying potential heart ailments before they
occur.

A peripheral interface controller (PIC) is a

type of micro controller component that is used
in the development of electronics, computers,
robotics and similar devices. A PIC is also
known as a programmable interface controller
and programmable intelligent computer.

III.SYSTEM HARDWARE

This powerful (200 nanosecond instruction

execution) yet easy-to-program CMOS FLASHbased 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's
powerful PIC architecture into an 28-pin
package and is upwards compatible with the
PICI6C5X, PIC12CXXX and PIC16C7X
devices. The PIC16F76 features 5 channels of 8bit Analog-to-Digital (AID) converter with 2
additional timers, 2 capture/comparelPWM
functions and the synchronous serial port can be
configured as either 3-wire.

Fig 2: PIC Microcontrollers (PIC16F877A)

B. PULSE SENSOR
Fig 1:block diagram
Hardware unit consist of above block and heart
beat sensor is used to monitor the heart beat and
counter used to count the pulse rate per hour.
Temperature sensor is used to measure the
temperature. Micro acceleration sensor is used to
sense the body motion. Micro controller used for
collecting the all information and given to wi-fi
modem to store in a data base to provide a
information of patient through the android app.
A.PIC Microcontroller (PIC16F877A)

Pulse sensor combines a simple optical heart

rate sensor with amplification and noise
cancellation circuitry making it fast and easy to
get reliable pulse readings. Also, it sips power
with just 4mA current draw at 5V so it's great for
mobile applications. Simply clip the Pulse
Sensor to your earlobe or fingertip and plug it
into your 3 or 5 Volt Arduino and you're ready to
read heart rate. The Pulse Sensor AMPED is a
greatly improved version of the original pulse
sensor. This version incorporates amplification
and noise cancellation circuitry into the
hardware, making it much more reliable. It is
compatible 3.3 and 5V microcontrollers giving
you more flexibility.

C. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (MCP602)

The MCP602 dual operational amplifier (op
amp) has a gain bandwidth product of 2.8 MHz
with low typical operating current of 230 J.lA
and an offset voltage that is less than 2 mv.

Fig 3: OP amps MCP602

The MCP602 uses Microchip's advanced
CMOS technology, which provides low bias
current, high-speed operation, high open-loop
gain and rail-to-rail output swing. The MCP602
is available in standard 8-lead PDIP, SOIC and
TSSOP packages.
D.LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The LM35 series are precision integratedcircuit LM35 temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 sensor thus
has an advantage over linear temperature sensors
calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required
to subtract a large constant voltage from its
output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.
The LM35 sensor does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical
accuracies of C at room temperature and
C over a full -55 to +150C temperature
range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM35's low
output impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make interfacing to readout
or control circuitry especially easy.
It can be
used with single power supplies, or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its
supply, it has very low self-heating, less than
0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate
over a - 55 to +150C temperature range, while
the LM35C sensor is rated for a -40 to +110C
range (-10 with improved accuracy).

Fig 4:temperature sensor

The LM35 series is available packaged in
hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the
LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also
available in the plastic TO- 92 transistor package.
The LM35D sensor is also available in an 8-lead
surface mount small outline package and a
plastic TO-220 package.
E.HERT BEAT SENSOR HFT599

The heart beat sensor is based on the

principle of photo phlethysmography. It
measures the change in volume of blood through
any organ of the body which cause a changes in
the light intensity through the organ (a vascular
region). In case of application where heart pulse
rate is to be monitored, the timing of the pulse is
more important. The flow of blood volume is
decided by the rate of heart pulses and since
light is absorbed by blood, the signal pulses are

equivalent to the heart beat pulses. There are two

types of phlethysmography
TRANSMISSION: Light emitted from the light
emitting device is transmitted through any
vascular region of the body like earlobe and
received by the detector.
REFLECTION: Light emitted from the light
emitting device is reflected by the regions.

BIOSENSORS AND BIOSIGNALS

F.RF MODULE
The RF module consists of RF transmitter
and RF receiver. The RF module operates at
Radio Frequency. The digital data is represented
as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave
which means that it uses a digital modulation
technique in which the amplitude of a carrier is
altered to convey information.
This kind
of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift
Keying (ASK). The reserach considered RF
transmission over IR (infrared) because of

several reasons. RF transmission is one of the

cheapest way of wireless communication. RF
module uses serial communication method. RF
transmission is suitable for long range
applications as the signals through RF covers
larger distances. RF transmission is not much
affected if there is obstruction between the
transmitter and receiver but IR is affected. RF
transmission is more strong and reliable than IR
transmission. RF communication is not affected

by other emitting source as it uses specific

frequency but IR is affected by emitting sources.
The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair in this
project operates at a frequency of 433MHz. The
range of RF module is 100 meters in open space
under standard conditions. Antenna is connected
at Pin 4 which is used to transmit the serial data,
received by RF transmitter. The pins of RF
transmitter and receiver are shown in Fig. 6. The
transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps to
10Kbps. The data transmitted with the help of
antenna is received by RF receiver at same
frequency at which the transmitter was operating
[7].

Fig. 6: RF MODULE

operational amplifier. This operational amplifier

consists of two independent, high gain,
frequency compensated operational amplifier
which is designed to operate from a single supply
over a wide range of voltages. This unit
comprises of two stages of amplification by
using operational amplifier. The operational
amplifier is used in non-inverting mode in both
the stages. The operational amplifier used in the
circuit is low power quad operational amplifier.
The signal is amplified to appropriate voltage
level so that the pulses can be counted by the
Microcontroller. The signal from the photodiode
also contains noise which requires filtering. The
signal is affected by interference resulted from
movement of artefacts like rings and mains
50Hz. It is known that the standard ECG signal
has frequency components in the range 0.05200Hz. If filtered to the range 0-50Hz, the signal
does not suffer any significant loss of quality i.e.
information within the signal is not lost [7].The
amplifying and filter circuit arrangement is as
shown in Fig. 4. Filtering is done by using
simple resistance and capacitance as component.
Circuit diagram of amplifier and filter stage

The RF transmitter receives the data

from pin 11 or Port C of PIC16F877A
microcontroller. The RF transmitter then
transmits the data through radio frequency to
receiving end where the RF receiver receives the
data and sends it to the microcontroller which
finally helps to update the data in online.
IV.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A.AMPLIFIER AND FILTER STAGE
The change in blood volume with the
heartbeat produces pulse at the output of
photodiode. The signal obtained from photodiode
is so small in magnitude that the signal cannot be
detected directly by a microcontroller. Hence, the
signal needs to be amplified by using operational
amplifier. The amplification of the weak signal
from photodiode is done by using LM358

Resistance (R) and Capacitance (C) is

arranged such that it acts as a low pass filter and
blocks higher frequency noise components that
are present in the signal. Capacitor is used at
each input terminal to block the dc component in
the signal. Finally, a green LED is placed at the
output of this unit to indicate the pulse in analog
form.

R5=R1, R2=R4,
Gain of each stage =1+ (R5/R4) =1+
(680k/6.8k) =101
Cut-off frequency=1/ (2RC) =2.34Hz
Circuit design of pulse sensor

Main Circuit diagram

blood pressure and other critical parameters in

the hospital. The entire system consists of a
coordinator node to acquire the patients
physiological data, a WMHRN to forward the
data and a BS to collect the data. The system is
able to carry out a long-term monitoring on
patients condition and is equipped with an
emergency rescue mechanism using SMS/Email. Also, we have simulated the proposed
WBSN in OMNet++ simulator and have
compared this with existing WBSN systems in
terms of coverage, energy consumption and
delay time and we have observed the proposed
system has better performance than others
existing WBSN systems.
REFERENCES
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environments for independent living, In
Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference of
Emerging Researchers in Ageing, Brisbane,
Australia.

CONCULSION
Wireless BSN technology is emerging as a
significant element of next generation healthcare
services. In this paper we proposed a mobile
physiological monitoring system, which is able
to continuously monitor the patients heart beat,

3. Anliker U, Ward JA, Lukowicz P, Troster G,

Dolveck F, et al. (2004) AMON: a wearable
multi-parameter medical monitoring and alert
system. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 8: 415
427

. 4. Cho G, Yoo1 SK (2009) Wearable ECG

Monitoring System Using Conductive Fabrics
and Active Electrodes, Proceedings of the 13th
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Interaction, Berlin, Heidelberg.
5. Shnayder V, Chen B, Lorincz K, fulfordjones
TRF, Welsh M (2005) Sensor Networks for
Medical Care, Proceedings of the 3rd

international
conference
on
Embedded
networked sensor systems, New York, USA.
6. Alemdar H, Ersoy C (2010) Wireless sensor
networks for healthcare: A survey. Computer
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7.http://www.engineersgarage.com/ electroniccomponents/rf-module-transmitter-rec
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(September 10, 2013).