BODY FLUIDS

Body fluids ICF, ECF

ECF = Interstitial fluids in between cells
ECF differs depending on where it occurs - blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial
fluid, aqueous humor& vitreous body
Proper function of body depends on precise regulation of interstitial fluid
body's internal environment

HOMEOSTASIS
Condition of equilibrium in body's internal environment
Constant interaction of the body's many regulatory process
Dynamic condition
Maintaining the volume & composition of body fluid

Disruption of:
o Internal environment: blood glucose level, blood pressure, stress
o External environment: excess heat, lack of O extreme cold
2,
Most cases the disruption mild & temporary
Severe cases poisoning, overexposure to temperature extremes, severe
infection @ major surgery intense & prolonged disruption = can lead to death!

Feedback system @ feedback loop regulate body internal environment

o Cycle of events which the status of a body condition is monitored,
evaluated, remonitoredreevaluated etc.
o 2 feedback system - -ve&+ve

Feedback system 3 basic components:

o Receptor:body structure that monitor changes& send input to a
control centre
o Control centre: sets the range of control condition should be
maintained, evaluates input from receptors and generate output
command
o Effector:body structure that receives output from control centre and
produce a response or effect that changes the control condition

Monitored variable:
controlled condition
body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose level, heart rate, blood oxygen
level - STIMULUS

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Reverses a change in a controlled condition
Return the controlled condition to its normal state
Slow and then stop
e.g: bp regulation, blood glucose, water reabsorption in kidney
DROP OF BODY
TEMPERATURE

RETURN TO
HOMEOSTASIS WHEN
THE BODY TEMPERATURE
REACH NORMAL LIMIT

NERVE IMPULS SEND TO

SKELETAL MUSCLE
SHIVERING, HAIR MUSCLE
CONTRACTS

NERVE ENDING -DETECT

CHANGES OF BODY
TEMPERATURE

RECEIVE NERVE IMPULS FROM

RECEPTORS & GENERATE
NERVE IMPULS TO MAINTAIN
BODY TEMPERATURE 33.238.2 DEGREE C

POSITIVE FEEDBACK
Strengthen a change in a controlled condition
Reinforce the initial change in the controlled condition
Shut off by some event outside the system
e.g: Normal childbirth

CONTRACTION OF UTERUS WALL

FORCE BABYS HEAD TO CERVIX

STRETCHING OF CERVIX

RESEPTOR
STRETCH SENSITIVE NERVE CELLS IN CERVIX
( INPUT = NERVE IMPULSES )

CONTROL CENTRE
( OUTPUT = OXYTOCIN )

EFFECTORS
MUSCLES IN WALL OF UTERUS
CONTRACT MORE FORCEFULLY

BABY HEAD STRETCHED CERVIX MORE

INTRRUPTION OF CYCLE = BIRTH OF BABY

POSITIVE FEEDBACK
INCREASED STRETCHING OF CERVIX
CAUSES RELEASE OF MORE OXYTOCIN
WITH RESULTS IN MORE STRETCHING
OF THE CERVIX