VELOCITIES

WINDOW

FATHOM
TOMOGRAPHY 1.0

Green Mountain Geophysics

An INPUT/OUTPUT, INC. Company

The Velocities Window

The Velocities Window provides a number of displays based on the values represented
on a voxel by voxel basis in a planar view. This is different from the elevations view of
color-coded sources and receiver points. The velocities window cannot be accessed until
the velocities are defined. Once the velocities from the Voxel pull down menu option
Compute Voxel Velocities has been completed, then the option for Velocities from the
Windows pull down menu becomes available.

Accessing this option opens what is titled the Voxel Data window. In the display of the
voxel data, the user is looking at the model on a slice-by-slice basis.
Understanding how the model is built, the individual voxel data is kept in a cube space
among a number of other cube spaces or voxels. Each voxel represents the smallest
portion of the model data that is constant. Together the voxels create the model space.
This model can now be sliced so that the velocity of that voxel with the other voxels in
that same plane can be viewed. The same plane can be in a cross-line direction, inline
direction, or a plane at a particular depth.
See the displays below of a 4 x 4 cube and how it can be sliced for viewing. Each time
the cube is sliced, it is along a defined plane. The user can then define the cross section
to view the changes in velocities from voxel to voxel sliced at these user-defined
locations.

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The Velocity window includes the display of a number of details associated with the
display of these cross sections. The window includes a title bar displaying the project
title and window title Voxel Data. There are a number of icons to be used in this
window, some to change the display in the window, and others to assist in the displays of
the other available FT windows. All of which will be described in this section.

In the display section of the map view window, an interactive screen displays a
thumbnail sketch of the portion of the voxel plane survey that is being displayed. A
red square will appear proportionally to the rest of the box showing the location of a
zoom. A mouse tracking box is located just above the display giving the user, depending
on the current display, a slice index (cross line, inline, or both), elevation, (when
displaying the inline or cross line voxel cross section), and velocity value (for all
displays). Bordering the geometry display are axis displays that adjust accordingly to all
scrolling and zooming. These axis displays the slice index and the elevations. Finally,
the window includes the basic Windows functionality with the scroll bars, direction
arrows, and minimizes, maximize, and close buttons.
Each cross sectional display has its own unique features that will be detailed in this
section of the manual.

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Icon Functionality
The icons available in the Velocity window work interactively with the display of the
Velocity Planes as well as each other. Different from the Map View window, additional
information to be displayed in the Velocity Window is display by simply clicking on the
icon of choice. No selection of the Re-Plot window icon is necessary. Other icons in this
window will load the current display to another window as it works alongside the
Velocity display. Shown is the icon toolbar available in the Map View window. Each
icon in the toolbar will be described in detail below.

What Is Displayed?
When the Velocity Planes icon is selected for display in the Velocity
Window, the user is viewing an entire plane of voxels along with their
velocity value. The Plane can be inline, cross-line, or representing a
defined depth. The velocities are then color coded according to the color
scale and represented accordingly. Only one plane can be viewed at a
time.
When the Ray Count Planes icon is selected for display in the velocity
window, the user is viewing a count display of the number of times a ray
has passed within or hit a voxel. The display is crucial for determining
whether the user is getting a decent sampling of the model. These counts
can be displayed on any of the three planes available.
When the Variance Planes icon is selected for display, the user is viewing
the variance in velocities from one iteration to the next.
Once an iteration is complete, FT stores the velocity information for each
voxel. This display looks at two consecutive iterations and displays the
percent change for each voxel.

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How Is The Information Displayed?

Select the Inline Plane icon to view the voxels from the model in an inline
direction. The display is that of a slice along an inline plane of voxels. A
number of inline planes combined create the model space.

Select the Cross line Plane icon to view the voxels from the model in an
cross line direction. The display is that of a slice along the cross line plane
or plane perpendicular to the inline plane of voxels. A number of cross
line planes combined create the model space.

Select the Depth Plane icon to view the voxels from the model in a map
view format. The display is that of a slice along a depth plane of voxels,
the top being the top of the model slicing in a top to bottom direction. The
total depth planes combined create the model space.

The section of the toolbar shown here is used for the

user to scroll through the model on a plane-by-plane or slice-by-slice
basis. Users can enter the slice number to view by typing the slice number
into the text window, or the user may scroll continuously one by one using
the directional arrows, or the Previous / Next Slice icons.

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Inline / Crossline Plane Views

When viewing either the velocities, hit counts, or variances in the inline or
crossline view, the display will be similar to that below. The axis displays around
the plot will be elevation and slice index. The slice index will be the index
opposite to the one being displayed, showing the user the locations of the
perpendicular planes. The mouse locator will show the location of the cursor by
elevation, slice index, and voxel value being displayed, either velocity, hit count,
or variance.
To give the user a clear view of the location of the cursor in the Velocity Display,
a cross hairs display is used to pinpoint this mouse location.

Depth Plane View

When viewing either the velocities, hit counts, or variances in the depth plane
view, the display will be similar to that below. The axis displays around the plot
will be the inline slice index and cross line slice index. The slice indexes show
the slice planes for the voxels in the vertical directions.
The mouse locator will show the location of the cursor by slice indexes, and voxel
value being displayed, either velocity, hit count, or variance.

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Additional Display Features

From the Process option of the Voxel pull down menu, users have the
option to choose the number of full iterations the ray tracing procedure
will perform. Each iterations results are then saved. The results of these
iterations can then be viewed in the Velocity Window by selecting the
corresponding iteration number from the iteration pull down menu.
These displays can be of the Velocity, Hit Count, or Variance in the Inline,
Cross line, or depth plane of the models iteration results. The number of
iterations run on the model is listed in the pull down shown above. To
select, click on the down arrow to display the iterations available. Choose
an iteration and select it with a left mouse click.

When the Toggle Panels icon is selected, users are either activating or
deactivating this option in the display window. When activated, the
panels are displaying a cross section of the display values, (Velocity, Hit
Count, or Variance), and the display axis that is perpendicular to the
panels only axis. For example, in the case of the Velocity Inline Display
shown below, the main display axis is the Elevation and Crossline Slice
Index. These axis are combined with the Velocity axis of the panels to
create the cross sectional views. The same layout of panel displays
applies for the cross line planes and depth planes.

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Display Window Crosshairs: When the user runs the cursor of the mouse over
the main display, a set of cross hairs are displayed as they move along
with the mouse direction. It is the plane of these horizontal and vertical
lines that define the display in the panels to the right and below the display
window. The plot is the cross section along the lines of the cross hairs.

Green Instruction Bar: At any time when the velocity window is open, a green
instruction bar is displayed just below the row of icons. When running the
cross hairs over the display, the cross sections in the panels are constantly
changing. The instruction bar above tells the user to click once with the
mouse to select a single cross section for display in the panels. The
chosen cross hair location will freeze along with its corresponding panel
displays. A double click after this will return to the mode of continuous
updating of the cross sections.

When the Grid Display icon is selected for display in the Velocity Window,
the defined voxel grid is overlaid on top of the display in the main display
window. This grid displayed is the view of the grid from the chosen
plane. To remove the grid display, toggle off the icon.

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Using the Highlight Plane on 3D Window icon, users can view the current
display in the Velocity window in the 3D Voxel Display window. Once a
view is decided upon, (Velocity, Hit Count, or Variance in the Inline,
Crossline, or Depth Plane) users select this icon to switch to the
corresponding view in 3D. Users can switch back and forth between the
3D display and the Velocity display windows to add additional planes to
the 3D display.
This icon only becomes active when the 3D Voxel Display window is
opened. Otherwise, the icon is grayed out.

Selecting the Display Surface Horizon icon in the Velocity window will
add a line to the display in the velocity window that represents the surface
of the geometry. This line is created from the elevation coordinates (Z
coordinate) of the geometry used for the project. This will not display
when displaying data in the depth plane of the model.
Display Base of Model Horizon: This surface is the user-defined base of
the model. This defines the maximum depth of the model that will get
used for any statics calculations. This surface should be smooth or flat and
it should be below the lowest surface elevation on the survey.
Display Intermediate Datum Horizon: This surface is the user defined
intermediate datum. This datum is used for statics calculations. If this
datum is defined, the statics generated from the model will be calculated
from surface, to base of model, to the intermediate datum.
Display Final Datum Horizon: This surface is the user defined final
datum. This datum is used for statics calculations. If this datum is defined,
the statics generated from the model will be calculated from the surface, to
the base of the model, to the final datum at the user defined replacement
velocity.

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These display icons are used to change the views of how the
current display is shown in the Velocity window by zooming into and
zooming out from the current display. Their functionality is detailed in
the Running Fathtomo section of this manual.

Color Scale: The display of the velocities, hit counts, and variance is a color
representation of the value to be displayed. A range of values is assigned
a color, and when a points value falls into that range, that is the display
seen in the display window. This color bar however can be altered to
different and additional ranges and colors.
Changing this color bar display begins by selecting the Set button shown
below the color bar. This will open the Color Options dialog. From this
dialog, the user has three different options of changing the color bar, or
legend. For a complete description of this functionality, see the Color Bar
section in the Map View Window/Elevations section of this manual.

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