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READ:
ADE, Ch. 4
HW #:
ADE # 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.21
Fh
Buckling
of
Tubulars
Fh - Fb
Neutral Point
l
Slender pipe
suspended
in wellbore
Partially
buckled
slender
pipe
Neutral Point
Fb
Buckling of Tubulars
Long slender columns, like DP,
l
Neutral
Point
Neutral
Point
Fb
Resistance to buckling is
indicated, in part, by:
Neutral
Point
Neutral
Point
I=
(
d
64
4
n
) { in }
4
6
Consider the
following:
19.5 #/ft drillpipe
Depth = 10,000 ft.
Mud wt. = 15 #/gal.
PHYD = 0.052 (MW) (Depth)
= 0.052 * 15 * 10,000
PHYD = 7,800 psi
Axial tensile stress in pipe at bottom
= - 7,800 psi
What is the axial force at bottom?
7
lbf
2
= 7,800
5.73 in
2
in
= 44,700 lbf.
Can this cause the pipe to buckle?
8
Axial Tension:
FT = W1 - F2
FT
FT = w x - P2 (AO - Ai )
At surface, FT = 19.5 * 10,000 - 7,800 (5.73)
= 195,000 - 44,700
= 150,300 lbf.
At bottom, FT = 19.5 * 0 - 7,800 (5.73)
= - 44,700 lbf
Same as before!
F2
Stability Force:
Ai
FS = Aipi - AO pO
FS = (Ai - AO) p
(if pi = pO)
At surface, FS = - 5.73 * 0 = 0
At bottom, FS = ( - 5.73) (7,800) = - 44,700 lbs
THE NEUTRAL POINT is where FS = FT
Therefore, Neutral point is at bottom!
PIPE WILL NOT BUCKLE!!
10
Compression
44,700
Tension
150,300
FS
FT
Neutral Point
Depth of Zero Axial Stress Point =
150,306
= 7,708
11 ft
19.5
Length
of
Drill
Collars
Neutral Point
Neutral Point
12
In Liquid:
In Liquid
with S.F.:
(e.g., S.F =1.3)
L DC
L DC =
L DC
FBIT
=
w DC
FBIT
w DC
1
lbf
lbf / ft
lbf
lbf
/
ft
FBIT * S.F.
=
f
w DC
1
s
13
r + t
Z =
2
15
Stability Force:
FT
FS
FT
FS = Ai pi - Ao po
If FS > axial tension then
the pipe may buckle.
If FS < axial tension then
the pipe will NOT buckle.
16
NOTE:
If pi = po = p,
2
2
do di p
then Fs =
4
or,
AS
Fs = - AS p
18
19
Stability
Analysis with
FBIT = 68,00020 lbf
Physical Laws
Rheological Models
Equations of State
21
Physical Laws
Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Conservation of momentum
22
Rheological Models
Newtonian
Bingham Plastic
Power Law
API Power-Law
23
Equations of State
Incompressible fluid
Slightly compressible fluid
Ideal gas
Real gas
24
Annular Flow
q
v =
2.448 d 2
q
v =
2
2
2.448 d 2 d1
WHERE
25
26
( E 2 E1 ) + ( p2V2
p1V1
1 2
2
v 2 v1
g ( D2 D1 ) +
2
=W +Q
In the wellbore, in many cases
)
)
Q = 0 (heat)
= constant27
p2 = p1 + 0.052
(D2 D1 )
p1 and p2
v1 and v2
pp
pf
D1 and D2
D2
= 400 gal/min.
= 12 lbm/gal.
= 10,000 ft.
D1
=0
(mud pits)
q
=
2
2.448 d
(gal/min)
2
(in )
400
v2 =
= 26 .14 ft/sec
2
2.448 * (2.5)
p 2 = p1 + 0.052 (D2 D1 )
8.074 * 10 - 4 ( v 22 v 12 ) + Pp Pf
p 2 = 0 + 0.052 * 12 (10,000 - 0)
- 8.074 * 10 - 4 * 12 (26.14 2 0 2 ) + 3,000 1,400
= 0 + 6,240 6.6 + 3,000 1,400
p2 = p1 + 0.052 ( D2 D1 )
8.074 *10
-4
(v v ) + Pp Pf
2
2
2
1
32
D2 D1
Pp = 0
v1
v 2 = vn
Pf 0
4
p 2 = p1 8.074 * 10 v
and
vn =
2
n
p
4
8.074 * 10
33
If
Pf 0
vn = c d
p
8.074 * 10 4
{c d 0.95}
Example:
vn = 0.95
1,000
= 305 ft/sec
4
8.074 * 10 * 12
34
35
p
8.074 * 10 4
&
q
vn =
3.117 A t
8.311 * 10 q
-5
p bit =
C2d A 2t
36
Hydraulic Horsepower
of pump putting out 400 gpm at 3,000 psi = ?
Power = rate of doing work
= F* s/t
q
= (p * A )
A
PH = qp
In field units:
qp
HHP =
1714
400 * 3,000
=
= 700hp
1714
37
CD = 0.95
q = 400 gal/min
= 12 lb/gal
p n = 1,169 psi
38
Fj = 0.01823 c d q p
q = 400 gal/min
= 12 lb/gal
p n = 1,169 psi