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Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
GPS Antenna
LMR-400
SMA Male Connector
RG-316D Cable
N-Male Connector
(for LMR-400)
Line Amplifier (N-F to N-F)
N-Male Connector
(for LMR-400)
To meet the GPS specifications and operate the GPS antenna in a stable manner, the
following GPS antenna configuration and installation requirements must be met.
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
From the viewpoint of the signal strength, there is no need to install GPS antenna on the
high mast or other tower as is required in RF or microwave. It can be installed in any place
with no obstacles for GPS antenna to receive the signal or where can be protected from
external interference, even though on the ground. However, as GPS antenna malfunction is
minimized with no reflected satellite signal (multi-path interference), it is recommended to
minimize entering of reflected satellite signal into the top of the GPS antenna.
Therefore, the ideal position of GPS antenna can be said where is higher than the other
neighboring RF sending/receiving antenna (including steel structures for this) and the
structures which can trigger multi-path.
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Table A.1
Specifications
Frequency Band
Impedance
50 ohm
60 dB (Typ.) at L1 50 MHz
Internal LNA
Noise Figure
VSWR
DC Power
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Usually, the GPS antenna is installed in a high place, such as on a roof. It must be installed
away from protruding objects, such as trees or buildings.
In addition, it must be positioned away from any object which covers part of the sky
around the horizon of the building where it is installed. If it is impossible to ensure a
completely open sky, install the GPS antenna toward the equator where can maximize the
view of the Southern sky (Northern sky in the Southern hemisphere).
Furthermore, in case of installing the GPS antenna into the steel cylinder structure sharing
with other RF antenna, it should be more than 1m away from the steel structure.
Preferred
Position
Obstructed
Position
Improved
Visibility
Towards
Equator
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Wideband interference
The interference waves that exceed 7 kHz in frequency occupancy bandwidth around
GPS L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) are called wide band interference.
Wideband interference includes the interference induced by the harmonics from a
communication service with a different frequency bandwidth, increased thermal noise
from communication services around the L1 band, inflow of interference due to
unauthorized communication, saturation due to oscillation of an accessory device etc.
In above cases, as it cannot be monitored through spectrum analyzer, individual
experts suggestion is required.
For other bandwidths except GPS L1 frequency (1575.42 1 MHz), a GPS Band Pass
Filter (BPF) must be included within the GPS antenna to remove the interference from the
GPS bandwidth. No outband interference must affect the GPS signals.
Interference Signal Avoidance
If multiple set of antenna for other communication services, such as BTS antenna, satellite
communication antenna, are installed in the surroundings, it is essential to choose the
location with no entering of interference signals to install GPS antenna.
If interference wave exists within the bandwidth out of GPS L1 frequency (1575.42 1 MHz),
use BPF to block entering of interference wave.
Particularly, installing GPS antenna besides the transmitter that operates in the bandwidth
similar to GPS L1 frequency (Be careful because similar bandwidth is triggered due to
harmonic) increases potential interference. At this time, GPS antenna should be installed
toward the other directions (or places) where can minimize the strength of interference
signals or avoid the interference signals.
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Inband Noise
Inband noise includes narrow band noise and wide band noise that occur in an
inband width. (L1, 1575.42 1 MHz)
- Narrow band noise in an inband width: If it is higher than 108 dBm it can affect
the operation of the GPS receiver.
- Wideband noise in an inband width: It may not be detected by a measuring
instrument and impair the sensitivity of the GPS receiver, and thus affect its
operation.
In case out-band interference is the problems, the interference on the GPS receiver can be
reduced by applying one or more L1 GPS BPF available.
Filter should be installed at the following locations:
Filters above is for jamming tone rejection of out-band, and it is very serious in actual
situation of entering in-band interference to in-band.
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Min. 500 mm
GPS Antenna
Wall Fixing Clamp Assembly
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Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Floor
GPS Antenna
GPS Antenna Clamp
Bakelite
Min. 500 mm
Min. 250 mm
Concrete Block
Min. 400 mm
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
GPS Antenna
Bakelite
2600-00FEWHGAA
Ver. 1.0
ANNEX A. GPS Antenna Installation
Pole
Bakelite
GPS Antenna
Fixing Pipe
( 25.4 mm)