LINKERS

In order that / So that Introduce a

sentence.
Contrast
.

. Consequently / As a consequence / As a

In spite of / Despite Link two contrasting

ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.

.

Consequence

result / Therefore
. As a consequence of / As a result

Although / (Even) though Link two

contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence.

of Followed by a noun phrase.

So Introduces a sentence. No commas.

However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even

so / On the contrary / In contrast. Introduce a

Addition

new idea which marks a contrast with

. Moreover / Furthermore / In

previously stated ideas. Introduced by a

comma.

addition / Besides / What's more Used after

a strong pause and separated from the

On the one hand ... On the other hand.

Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.

.

sentences. They are introduced by a comma.

. As well as / In addition to / Besides Used

In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two

contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.

to add one more piece of information.

Followed by a noun phrase.

Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. Not

separated by commas.
. Exemplification
Reason and cause
For example / For instance Introduces an
.

Because / As / Since / Seeing

example referring to previously stated ideas.

that Introduce a sentence.

Such as Introduces an example referring

Subordinate sentences introduced by because

to the last idea.

always appear in final position.

.

CONNECTORS

Because of / On account of / Owing

to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase.

Contrast
Purpose
. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a
.

In order to / So as to Introduce an

infinitive of purpose.

sentence.
The book is short but / yet interesting

Because of / on account of / owing to / due

. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the

to the weather, we stayed at home

beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting

. in order to, so as to, to:

up late

She uses her video in order to / so as to / to

record TV programmes

although / though/ even though / in spite of

the fact that: followed by a complete sentence.

Add information

They can be placed at the beginning or in the

middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the

. for example, for instante, such as:

beginning we need to use a comma after the

Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for

clause.

example / for instance, oranges have vitamin

Although / though / even though / in spite of

the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all
passed their exams.

. more over, furthermore, besides, in

addition to:

. however, nevertheless, even so, on the

In addition to soul music, she likes rap

one hand, on the other hand, on the

contrary:

. apart from, except for:

He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even

Apart from English, she speaks French.

so, he went to school

Succession
. while, whereas
This film is very interesting, while/whereas that

. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with /

one is quite boring

First .
- Second / Secondly / Then

Reason and cause

- Third / Thirdly / After that...

- The next stage

. because, as since, seeing that:

- Finally / in short / to sum up / in

Because / as / since / seeing that its late, we

conclusion / lastly / last but not least

should go home
Result
. because of, on account of, owing to, due
to:

. As a result of:

As a result of his brave action, he was

awarded a military medal.

Adding information

Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this

apart from: Aparte de

reason:

in addition: Adems

Consequently / for this reason, it always

in addition to: Adems de

passes its annual road test.

Whats more: Adems; lo que es ms

moreover: Adems
on top of that: Adems

Order
First parragraph

besides: Adems
On the one hand: Por una parte
On the other hand: Por otra parte

At first sight: A primera vista

and eventually: Y finalmente

First: En primer lugar

First of all: Antes que nada
In the first place: En primer lugar
To start with: Para empezar

Contrast
all the same: a pesar de todo

Second parragraph

however: sin embargo

instead of: en vez de

In the second place: En segundo lugar

in spite of / despite: a pesar de

Second: Segundo

nevertheless: no obstante

Secondly: En segundo lugar

on the contrary: por el contrario

Third: Tercero

whereas / while: mientras

Thirdly: En tercer lugar

though / although: aunque

Conclusion
Reason
Finally: Por ltimo
In conclusion: Para concluir

because of + noun: a causa de

Lastly: Por ltimo

due to + noun: debido a

And eventually: Y finalmente

due to the fact that + sentence: debido a que

for this / that reason: por esta / esa razn

owing to + noun: debido a

to be honest, para ser honesto

owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a que

to tell the truth, a decir verdad

Result

Explain
that is (to say): es decir

as a result: como resultado

in other words: en otras palabras

because of: a causa de

in short: en resumen

consequently: en consecuencia

above all: sobre todo

so: por lo tanto

all in all: en general

that's why: por eso, por esa razn...

at least: al menos

therefore: por lo tanto

basically: bsicamente, fundamentalmente

especially: especialmente, sobre todo
essentially: esencialmente
in general: en general

Expressing facts

in particular: en particular

actually: en realidad

more or less: ms o menos

as a matter of fact: de hecho

on the whole: en general

in fact: de hecho

to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto

really: en realidad

Exemplifying
Expressing a personal opinion

and so on: etctera

as far as I am concerned por lo que a m

for example: por ejemplo

respecta

for instance: por ejemplo

from my point of view desde mi punto de vista

such: as tal(es)como

I agree estoy de acuerdo

I disagree no estoy de acuerdo
in my opinion en mi opinin
in my view segn lo veo

Summarizing

I think that creo que

all in all: en suma

it is true that es verdad que

in brief: en resumen

personally personalmente

in conclusion: Para concluir

in short: en resumen

Finally: Finalmente

on the whole: en general

First of all: En primer lugar

to sum up: Para resumir

in the end: al final

in the meantime: mientras tanto
meanwhile: mientras tanto
next: luego

Sequencing

suddenly: de repente

after that: despus de eso

then: entonces, despus

all of a sudden: de repente

while: mientras