WHAT IS PILE FOUNDATION?

Pile foundation is used when the building load is too large or top soil at the construction site
of low bearing capacity. Thus the load of the building had to be moved to solid soil layer that lies deep
in the ground.
Pile foundation is one of the familiar substructures that serves as the cornerstone of the
structural stability of the building in addition to the structural strength of the frame itself. It is able to
bear high loads and usually cannot be borne by the structure of the soil is soft and has a low bearing
capacity.
Pile foundation failure will cause the deposition of buildings and other structures, and will
affect services such as pipe, cable and other.
Pile foundation can be divided into two types, depending on the way the load is transferred
from the building to the ground:
Shallow foundation
Deep foundation
a) SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Pad footing
Strip footing
Raft footing
Combined footing
Important Things To Be Cautious
If there is soft ground at a depth of more than 3m, shallow foundation is impractical because it
would involve digging too deep.
The size and type of foundation depends on the load capacity of the column and forest land.
Suitable base for shallow ground hard with the SPT, N exceed 5.
Fundamentals of reinforced concrete foundation and footings path cannot be built on tambun land.
Concrete foundation is not recommended for the cut and fill. This is to avoid the problem of
differential settlement.
Concrete foundation is also not recommended at or near the slopes.
The holes were dug cannot be exposed for too long. Concrete work should be carried out as soon as
possible.

b) DEEP FOUNDATION.
Deep foundation (pile) is used when the subsoil is not suitable to bear the load because:

low ground bearing capacity.

excess settlement.
underground water table conditions of uncertainty.
horizontal load.

PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN

Pile foundation is a structural element in the form of a long pole locked into the soil to distribute the
load of the building and deployed to suitable level or layer in the soil through the column structure.
The pile can be categorized into a number of ways, one way is based on how you move the pile loads
acting upon it to land in the environment.
Pile foundation has three categories: i.

End-Bearing pile

ii.

Friction pile

iii.

Combination End-Bearing & Friction

TYPES OF PILE

a) Reinforced Concrete Pile

The size of 150mm x 150mm to 400mm x 400mm.
Pile length 3m, 6m, 9m and 12m.
Load bearing structure up to a maximum of 1450 kN (145 tons)
Class 1 (concrete grade 40) to the ground hard. Class 2 (concrete grade 25) for soft ground.
Not suitable for limestone and soft areas and have layers of sand.

b) Spun Concrete Pile

Suitable for all soil types.
Pile length of 6m, 9m and 12m habits.
Concrete of higher grade (Grade 60 to 80).
Cement grout is inserted into the cartridge and allowed to harden.
The size of the pile diameter between 250mm to 1000mm.
Load bearing structure is higher (400 kN up to 4000kN).

c) The Steel H Pile

Used when the required length of the pile is too big.
Only a single connection is allowed.
Pile length of 6m and 12m.

 It is appropriate in areas of limestone to shoulder the burden.

The size of 200mm x 200mm to 350mm x 350mm.
Structure bearing capacity of 510 kN - 1650 kN

d) Micro Piling
It is circular and has a diameter less than 300mm of around 100mm - 250mm.
The maximum length of up to 60 meters.
Bearing loads between 200 kN-2000 kN.
The length of the based on the state of subsurface soil, rock and load capacity of the violence
suffered by the pile.

e) The Mangrove pile (Bakau)

Usually the size of 75mm to 100mm diameter round.
Bearing capacity between 5kN - 10 kN (0.5 to 1 tonne).
Not used anymore in JKR project.

f) Treatment Wood Piling

Used when a pile of mangrove inappropriate.

The extension allowed.
As responsible end pile or friction loss.
The size of 125mm x 125mm and 150mm x 150mm.
Maximum bearing load of 120 kN and 150 kN. (12 tons - 15 tons).