(Austin & Huaman, 1996) A Synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in The Americas

A Synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas
Daniel F. Austin; Zsimo Human

Taxon, Vol. 45, No. 1. (Feb., 1996), pp. 3-38.
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TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996
A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas

Daniel F. Austin1 & Zdsimo Hufiman2
Summary
Austin, D. F. & Huaman, 2.: A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. - Taxon
45: 3-38. 1996. - ISSN 0040-0262.
A total of 339 taxa (327 species, five varieties, five subspecies) currently are recognized in the
Americas, with the caveat that additional taxa exist that are unstudied and undescribed. Those
species recognized are placed, when possible, in infrageneric categories. Known distributions are
given for each taxon. Synonyms and names of uncertain application are listed.
The genus Ipomoea comprises the largest number of species within the Convolvulaceae. Throughout the world Ipomoea is usually estimated to contain c. 500 species
(e.g., Mabberley, 1989; McDonald & Mabry, 1992). After our compilation, we believe Ipomoea is more likely to contain 600-700 species. Over half of them are
concentrated in the Americas, where the total may approach 500 taxa, mostly native
and a few introduced. Although there are recent publications dealing with Ipomoea in
the floras of several American countries (O'Donell, 1941-1960b; Austin, 19751991b; Austin & Cavalcante, 1982; Austin & al., 1986; McDonald, unpubl. thesis
1978, unpubl. diss. 1982, 1982-1995; McDonald & Austin, 1990; McDonald &
Mabry, 1992; Wilkin, 1995), there is no single reference summarizing all the species
currently recognized in the western hemisphere. The purpose of this publication is to
make available an updated list with relationships of American Ipomoea species
examined thus far. There certainly are more species in the Americas than recognized
here, especially in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, but many of these have not been
studied since Meisner (1869). Moreover, there are species remaining undescribed
and/or undiscovered. Infrageneric placement is given, where known, and a documented American geographical range is provided for each species.
Taxonomic considerations
Infrageneric classification of Ipomoea has changed markedly since the corresponding names were typified by Verdcourt (1957) and Austin (197%). Critical to an
understanding of the subdivisions of the genus in the Americas were the recent
detailed studies of the Mexican species by McDonald (unpubl. thesis 1978, unpubl.
diss. 1982, 1982-1995). McDonald's studies resolved a problem noted by Austin
(1979) with what had previously been called I. sect. Orthipomoea in the New World.
Because of the way in which Verdcourt (1957) typified I. sect. Orthipomoea, he
excluded the American element originally included by Choisy (1845) and confined
the taxon to the Old World. Thus, several New World species have been incorrectly
' Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431,
U.S.A.
* Departamento de Recursos GenCticos, Centro International de la Papa, Apartado 1558, Lima, Per".
placed in I. sect. Orthipomoea. McDonald (1991) has properly placed those American species within his 'Tricolor' group in I. subg. Quamoclit. Moreover, recent
investigations by McPherson (unpubl. diss. 1979; 1980, 1981), McDonald (unpubl.
diss. 1982, 1982-1995), McDonald & Austin (1990), and McDonald & Mabry (1992)
have indicated other rearrangements of the American species, and some new generic
subdivisions have been created. Some of the taxa recognized here have been validly
named; others have not. In anticipation of their eventual valid publication by their
authors, informal designations in single quotes are used.
The categories recently discussed by Austin (1979, 1980b) and McDonald (1991)
mostly bear names created and discussed by Choisy (1845), House (1908b),
Ooststroom (1953) and Verdcourt (1957, 1963). The chloroplast DNA analysis by
McDonald & Mabry (1992) and studies currently under way by Austin and Wilkin
indicate that there remain problems with some of the sections and series in the
system used here. In spite of those problems of formerly unrecognized convergences
and parallelisms, the system used here has existed for over 100 years in one form or
another. No major changes will be initiated in the overall arrangement until more
research has been finished.
As now understood, the American members of Ipomoea belong in three subgenera. McDonald & Mabry (1992) suggest that another New World subgenus may
be needed, but that has not been formally established. Within the current three
subgenera are nine sections, six of which (I. sect. Calonyction, sect. Exogonium,
'Microsepalae', sect. Mina, sect. Leptocallis, 'Tricolor') were originally confined to
the Americas before some were dispersed as cultigens, medicinal plants and weeds.
I. ser. Batatas also historically had all but one of its species endemic to the Americas
(Austin, 1991b). Several other series are, or were historically, endemic to the
Americas, e.g., I. ser. Anisomeres, ser. Arborescentes, ser. Bombycospermum, ser.
Mirandinae, ser. Setosae.
The taxa recognized (Table 1) account for all the New World subdivisions of
Ipomoea that have been proposed. There are several Old World subdivisions that
were recognized by Verdcourt (1957, 1963), some of which have not been validly
named under the Code (Greuter & al., 1994) in spite of being discussed by Austin
(1975a, 1979, 1980b) and Gongalves (1987), and perhaps others. Sebsebe Demissew
(Addis Abeba) is currently working on the family for the Flora of Ethiopia and will
be providing a summary of African infrageneric taxa.
In the scheme presented here several changes have been made in the classification
proposed earlier. Publications by Austin (1975a, 1979, 1980b) recognized the taxon
Ipomoea sect. Suffruticosae (Choisy) D. F . Austin that should have been placed in
synonymy under Turbina Raf. (cf. Meeuse, 1957). Although some (e.g., McPherson.
unpubl. diss. 1979) do not recognize Turbina as a genus distinct from Ipomoea, data
on various species indicate to us that it is best kept separate (Verdcourt, 1958, 1963;
Stearn, 1977; Pedraza, 1983; Heine, 1984; Gonqalves, 1987; Mandrile & Dongiorno
de Pfirter, 1990; Austin & Staples, 1991; Deroin, 1992). Wilkin (pers. comm.) will
be presenting an argument for a different disposition.
McPherson (unpubl. diss. 1979) used informal group designations for all the subdivisions of Ipomoea he recognized, as had Matuda (1963-1966). McDonald (1991)
first continued use of those informal designations and then equated some of them
with formal names (McDonald & Mabry, 1992). After examination of the data, it has
become clear that the correct name for what McPherson (unpubl. diss. 1979) called
TAXON45 - FEBRUARY 1996
Table 1. Checklist of American lpomoea with their placement in generic subdivisions (see
text). Country abbreviations: ARG = Argentina, BHS = Bahamas, BRB = Barbados, BLZ =
Belize, BMU = Bermuda, BOL = Bolivia, BRA = Brazil, CHL = Chile, COL = Colombia, CRI =
Costa Rica, CUB = Cuba, DOM = Dominican Republic, ECU = Ecuador, SLV = El Salvador,
GUF = French Guiana, GRD = Grenada, GTM = Guatemala, GUY = Guyana, HTI = Haiti, HND
= Honduras, JAM = Jamaica, MEX = Mexico, NIC = Nicaragua, PAN = Panama, PRY =
Paraguay, PER = Peru, PRI = Puerto Rico, SUR = Surinam, TTO = Trinidad and Tobago, USA
= United States of America, URY = Uruguay, VCT = Saint Vincent, VEN = Venezuela. =
Dresence documented; . = presence not documented.
Taxon
Place- ~a m m I ~ ~A < YJ J z- ~ oI ~~>> UIoO~ ~x o z~ > ~~- em~

oe <
ow
>~ + z ~
merit
~ m m m m m m o o o o o w m a a a a 1 1 ~ 1 z ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3
I. acutisepalaO'Donell
I.alba L.
[ErEr(?)]
[QuCa]
I.alexandme D. F. Austin
I.altemifloraGriseb.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.*.*e .****.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[~fl(?,?)]
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . .
I. altoparanaensis O'Donell
I.amnicola Morong
I,ampullacea Femald
I. angustisepala O'Donell
I.anisomeresRobinson & Bartlen
I. aprica House
I.aquatica Forssk.
I.arborescensG. Don
I.argentea Meisn.
....................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
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.
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.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Er?(?,?)]
[ErErJa]
. . .
[IpPhPh] . . . .
. . .
[ErEr(?)]
[ErErAn] . . . .
[~u(?)] . . . .
. .
........................
.
.
.
.
[ErErp] . . . . .
[ErErAr] . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . *
.
. . . . . .
. . .
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. .
. .......
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. argentifoliaA. Rich.
I,argentinica Peter
I.argyreia (Choisy) Meisn.
[ErEr(?)]
I. aristolochiifolia G. Don
[QuTr]
I.amoldsonii Urban
[En(?,?)]
I.asarifolia(Desr.) Roern. & Schult. [ErErp]
I.asplundiiO'Donell
[ErEr(?)]
I,aurantiacaL. 0. Williams
[ErErEr]
I. avicola D. F. Austin
[ErErMr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. .
. . .
.....
. .
.......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
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. . .
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I. bahiensis Roem. & Schult.

I.baliocladaUrban
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
I.barbatisepalaA. Gray
[IpPhPh]
. . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
**** .**********.***************.*
I.batatas (L.) Lam.

[ErErBa]
- var. apiculata (M. Martens & Galeoni) J. A. McDonald& D. F. Austin [ErErBa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . .
I.batatoidesChoisy
I.beyerianaUrban
I.blanchetiiChoisy
I. bombycina(Choisy) Hernsl.
I. bonariensisHook.
[ErErEr] . . . . . * * . e * .
.**.*
.*.*. . . . *
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErBo] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.bmcteata Cav.
- var. viridibractea J. A. McDonald
I.cairica (L.) Sweet
I.calanthaGriseb.1
I.calyptrataDammer
I.capillacea(Kunth)G. Don
I.carajasensis D. F. Austin
[QuEx]
[QuEx]
[QU(?)]
I.cardenasiana O'Donell
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
.....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....................
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . .
. .
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ...........
[QuLe]
[ErErJa?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 1. (continued).
Taxon
Placernent
~ ~ ~ J ~ - ~ Z ~ > U D Z z>> -u -O
uo
Z aX
>+z
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P % ~ s Y ~$ ~E EB EP ~ $~ ~~ ~~ $~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rn . .
. . . . . .
I. cardiophylla A. Gray
[QuTr]
I. carnea Jacq. subsp. carnea
[ErErJa]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa]
[ErErEr]
[QuEx]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErEr(?)]
[QuLe]
. . . .
I.carolina L.
I. caudata Fernaid
I.cavalcanteiD. F. Austin
I. cearaensis O'Donell
I.chamelana J. A. McDonald
I.cheirophylla O'Donell
[ErEr(?)] rn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- subsp. fistulosa (Choisy)

D. F. Austin
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.chenopodiifolia (M. Martens &
Galeotti) Hernsl.
I.chiliantha Hallier f.
I. chilopsidis Standl.
I. chiriquiensis Standl.
I.chodatiana O'Doneli
I.cholulensis Kunth
I.chondrosepala Hallier f.
I.chrysocalyxD. F. Austin
I. chrysotricha Meisn.2
I. ciervensis Painter
I. clarensis Alain
I. clausa Ledeb. & Adlerstam
I.clavata (G. Don) J. F. Macbr.
I. coccinea L.
I.collina House
I. colombiana O'Donell
I. concolor(Matuda) D. F. Austin
I.conzattiiGreenm.
I.cordatotriloba Dennst.
I.costellata Torr.
I. crinicalyx S. Moore
I. cristulataHallier. f.
I. cubensis (House) Utban
I.cyanantha Griseb.
I.cynanchifolia Meisn.
I. decemcornuta O'Donell
I.decora Meisn.
I,delphinioides Choisy
I.densibracteata O'Donell
I. descoleiO'Donell
I.desrousseauxiiSteud.
I. digitata L.
I,dimorphophylla Greenrn.3
I.discolor (Kunth) G. Don 1837
(non Jacq. 1798)4
I. distans Choisy
I. dubia Roem. & Schult.
. . . . . . . . . . .. . m . . e . . m . m . . . . . . . . . , *
[ErEr(?)] rn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuEx]
[ErErAr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuTr]
[En(?,?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuMi]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErMr] .
[ErErEr] .
[ErEr(?)] .
[Er?(?,?)] .
[ErErEr] .
[ErErEr] .
[ErErMr?]
[QuMi]
[IpPhTy]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErErEr]
[ErErEr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................
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.
[ErErBa] .
.
[QuLe]
[ErErSe] .
.
[QuMi]
[ErEr(?)] .
[ErEr(?)] .
[ErErBa] .
.
[QuMi]
[ErErEr] .
[ErErJa] .
[En(?,?)] .
[ErErJa?] .
[ErErEr] .
[ErErEr] .
[ErErEr] .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. rn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Taxon
I.dumetorum Roem. & Schult.
I,dumosa (Benth.) L. 0. Williams
I,durangensis House
[QuEx]
. .
. . . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....
[QuEx]
. . . . . . . .
. a . . a . ,.
. . . a ,
. . . . . . . .
[IpPhTy] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I,echinocalyx Meisn.
I,echioides Choisy
I. eggersii(House) D. F. Austin
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I,elongata Choisy
I,emetica Choisy
I.erosa Urban
I. estrellensis O'Donell
.
.
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.
.
[Er?(?,?)] .
I.excisa Urban
I.eximia House
I.expansa J. A. McDonald
I.falkioides Griseb.
I. fiebrigiiO'Donell
I. fimbriosepala Choisy
I.fissifolia (McPherson) Eckenw.
I. flavopurpurea Urban
I.franciscana Choisy
[ErErEr]
[QuEx]
[IpPhPh]
[ErEr(?)]
[Er?(?,?)]
[ErEr(?)]
[QuEx]
[QuEx]
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Lesser Antilles
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Er?(?,?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
[IpPhHe]
. . .
[QuMi]
[ErErErl . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr]
[QuMi]
[ErErEr]
[ErEr(?)]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell

I.habeliana Oliver
I. haenkeana Choisy
I. harlingii D. F. Austin
I.hartwegii Benth.
[ErErBa]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.hastigera Kunth
I. hederacea Jacq.
I. hederifolia L.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuMi]
[IpPhHe] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuMi]
. . . .
I.heterodoxa Standl. & Steyerm.

I. hieronymi(Kuntze) O'Donell
[ErErEr]
[ErErJa?]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErErEr]
[ErErER]
[QuEx]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.fuchsioides Griseb.
I.funis Schltdl & Cham.

I.furcyensis Urban
I.gesnerioides J. A. McDonald
I. gigantea (Silva Manso) Choisy
I.gloverae J. A. McDonald
I.goyazensis Gardner
I.hirsutissima Gardner
I. homotrichoidea O'Donell
I.horsfalliae Hook.
I.hypargyrea Griseb.
I. ignava House
I.igualensis Weath.
I. imperati (Vahl) Griseb.
I.incarnata (Vahl) Choisy
I.incerta (Britton) Urban
I. indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
I.indivisa (Vell.) Hallier f.
I.intrapilosa Rose
.
.
[ErEr(?)] .
.
[QuMi]
[ErErEr] .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Galapagos
[ErErJa]
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[IpPhTy] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
[IpPhPh] .
[ErErp]
[ErErJa]
[ErErEr?]
[IpPhHe]
[QuMi]
[ErErAr]
..........................
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . .
. . . . .
. a . . a
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . a
. . . . . a
. a . . a , .
.......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..............
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.a
.*.a.a.......
..a.
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxon
I.invicta House
I.jacalana Matuda
[(?,?,?)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[IpPhTy] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.jalapa (L.) Pursh

I.jalapoides Griseb.
I.laeta A. Gray
. .
. .
[IpPhHe] . .
. .
[QuEx]
[ErErEr]
.
[Er?(?,?)]. .
[(?,?,?)I . .
[(?,?,?)I . .
.
[ErErER]
[ErErEr] . .
[ErErER] . .
[ErErBa] . .
[IpPhPh] . .
I. lambii Fernald
[(?,?,?)I
I. lanuginosa O'Donell
[ErEr(?)]
I.lenis House
I. leonensis Robinson
I.IeprieuriiD. F. Austin
[IpPhTy] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Q?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.leptophylla Torr.
I. xleucantha Jacq.
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErBa] . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
I.leucotricha Donn. Sm.

I. lilloana O'Donell
I.IindeniiM. Martens & Galeotti
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa?] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAn] . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
I.lindheimeri A. Gray
[IpphHe] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. jamaicensis (Spreng.) G. Don

I.jicama Brandegee
I.jujuyensis O'Donell
I. killipiana O'Donell
I.kruseana Matuda
I.kunthiana Meisn.5
I. kurtziana O'Donell
I. lachnaea Spreng.
I. lacteola House
I.lacunosa L.
I.lindmanii Urban
I.lineolata Urban
I.liftoralis Blume
[ErErJa]
[ErErEr]
. . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErBa]
Hawaii
[QuMi]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErErJa]
[ErErEr]
[ErErEr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.lobata (C~N.)Thell.
I.longeramosa Choisy
I.longifolia Benth.
I.longistaminea O'Donell
I. loftiae J. A. McDonald
I.lozanii Painter
I.lutea Hemsl.
I.luteoviridis Ekman & Leonard
.
.
.
.
[ErErJa] .
.
[QuMi]
[ErErEr]
. . . . . . . . . . .
I.macrorhiza Michx.6
I. madrensis S. Watson
I.magniflora O'Donell
I.magnifolia Rusby
I. mairetiichoisy
I.malpighipila O'Donell
I. malvaeoides Meisn.
I. rnalvaviscoides Meisn.
I.marabensisD. F. Austin &Secco
I. marginisepala O'Donell
I. mathewsiana Kuntze
[ErErJa]
[QuLe]
[Quca]
[ErEmR]
[Ipphph]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErErJa]
[ErErJa?]
[ErEr(?)]
[QuTr]
[ErEr(?)]
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.maurandioides Meisn.
b mauritiana Jacq.
I. mcphersoniiD. F. Austin7
I.mcvaughiiMcPherson
I.meyeri (Spreng.) G. Don
I.microdactyla Griseb.
[Qu(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuEx]
[IpPhHe?]
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...........................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. microsepala Benth.
I.minutiflora (M. Martens &
[QuMc]
Galeotti) House
1.miquihuanensisJ.A.McDonald
I. mirandina (Pinier) O'Donell
I.monticola (Meisn.) O'Donell
[QuMc] . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuEx]
[ErErMr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.morongiiBritton
I. murucoides Roem. & Schult.
[ ~ n ( ? , ? ) ]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.nationis (Hook.) Nichols

I.neei (Spreng.) O'Donell
I.nematoloba Urban
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuMi]
[ErErEr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................
....................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.nematophylla Urban
[ErErEr]
I.nil (L.) Roth

I.nitida Lorentz
[IpPhHe]
. . m a . .
. a . m . . .
[En(?,?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.noctulifolia McPherson
I.oblongifolia (Hassl.) O'Donell
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuEx]
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.obscura (L.) Ker Gawl.

I. obtusata Griseb.
[Err]
[ErErEr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don

I.ophioides Standl. & Steyerm.
[ErErp]
[ErEr(?)]
[Er?(?,?)]
[IpPhTy]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. oranensis O'Donell
I.orizabensis (Pelletan) Steud.
I.padillae O'Donell
I.paludosa O'Donell
I.pandurata (L.) G. Meyer
I.paraguariensis Peter
I.parasitica (Kunth) G. Don
I.passifloroides House
I.
patula Choisy
I.pauciflora M. Martens & Galeotti
subsp. pauciflora
- subsp. vargasiana (O'Donell)
McPherson
I.pearceana Kuntze
I.pedicellaris Benth.
I.peredoi O'Donell
I.perichnoa Urban
I.perpaMa McPherson
I.peruviana O'Donell
I.pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
(L.) Ooststr.
I. petrophila House
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)]
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)]
[QuTr]
[ErErEr]
[ErEr(?)]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAr]
[ErErJa]
[ErErSe]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErErEr]
[QuLe]
[ErErSe]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErp]
[IpPhTy]
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxon
I.philipsoniiO'Donell
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.phyllomega (Vell.) House
[ErErMr]
[ErEr(?)]
I.pinifolia Meisn.
I.pintoiO'Donell
I.piresii O'Donell
I.pittieri O'Donell
. . . . . ...**.**.....*...*....*.....
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
I. piurensis O'Donell
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuEx?] . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. platensis Ker Gawl.
[ErEr(?)]
I. plummerae A. Gray
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuMi]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ Q ) ]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- var. cupulata J. A. McDonald

I.populina House
I.praecana House
I. praematura Eckenw.
I.procumbensChoisy
I,proxima M. Martens & Galeotti
I.pruinosa McPherson
I. pseudoracemosa McPherson
[Err]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuLe]
[QuLe]
[ErErEr]
[ErErJa]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. purga (Wender.) Hayne
[QuEx]
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
I. purpurea (L.) Roth
[IpPhPh]
. . . . .
I. quamoclit L.
[QuMi]
e r n . . . . a . a . . m e ... . a .
. * ..*
[(?,?,?)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L pubescens Lam.
I.pulcherrima Ooststr.
I.puncticulata Benth.
I.ramboiO'Donell
I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy
I. regnellii Meisn.
I.repanda Jacq.
I.reticulata O'Donell
I.retropilosa (Pittier) D. F. Austin
I.riparum Standl. & L. Williams
I. rhomboidea House
L robinsonii House
I,robusta Urban
I,rubella House
I,rubens Choisy
I,rubriflora O'Donell
I.rupicola House
I. sagittata Poir.
I. santacruzensis O'Donell
I.santaerosae Standl. & Steyerm.
I.santillanii O'Donell
I. saopaulista O'Donell
I.sawyeri D. F. Austin
I. schaffneriWatson
I. schomburgkiiChoisy
I. schultziana O'Donell
I. scopulorum Brandegee
1. seducta House
[ErErEr]
[IpPhHe]
[ErErAr]
[QuEx]
[ErErBa]
[ErEr(?)]
.....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
.......
. . .
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. .
...........
. . .
.
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . , a , , . . . . . . a , . . *
. . . . . a . a ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErMr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr]
[ErErEr]
.
.
[ErErEr] .
[ErEr(?)] .
[ErErEr] .
.
.
.
.
.
[ErEr(?)]
. . . . .
[(?,?,?)I
[(?,?,?)I
[QuMi]
[ErErJa]
[ErErJa]
.
.
.
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. .
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. . .
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. . . . . .
. . . . . .
.................
.....................
. . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
[Er?(?,?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuCa]
[ErErEr?]
[IpPhTy]
[QuEx]
[ErErEr?]
[ErErEfl]
[ErErJa]
[QuEx]
.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TAXON 45
- FEBRUARY 1996
11
Taxon
Racement
I.selleana Urban
I.sepacuitensis Donn. Sm.
I.sericophylla Meisn.
I. sescossiana Baill.
I.setifera Poir.
I.setosa Ker Gawl.
[ErEr(?)] . . .
[ErErSe] . . .
urn,
=J,JJ-mz,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[IpPhTy] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
. . . * . . a ..a
. a
....a
.... . . .
. . . . . . ..........
.........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.simulans Hanb.
I.spectata J. A. McDonald
[IpPhHe?]a..
[ErErSe]
. .
[ErErJa] . . .
[ErErSe] . . .
[QuEx]
. . .
[QuMi]
. . .
I. sphenophylla Urban
I. spruceana Meisn.
[ErErEr]
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
I.squamisepala O'Donell
[ ( ) ]
I.squamosa Choisy
[ErErAn]
[IpphTy]
[ErErEr]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErEr(?)]
[ErEr(?)]
I. shumardiana (Torr.) Torr.

I.silvicola House
I. stans Cav.
I. steerei (Standl.) L. 0. Williams
I. stenophylla Meisn.
I.steudelii Millsp.
I. stuckertiiO'Donell
I.suaveolens (M. Martens &
Galeotti) Hemsl.
I.subrevoluta Choisy
I.subspicata (Meisn.) O'Donell
I.subtomentosa (Chodat &
Hassl.) O'Donell
I.suburceolata O'Donell
I.suffulta (Kunth) G. Don
I.syringifolia Meisn.
I.tabascana J. A. McDonald &
D. F. Austin
I. tacuaremboensis Arechav.
I.tarqensis O'Donell
I.tastensis Brandegee
I.temascaltepecensis P. Wilkin
I. tenera Meisn.
I.tentaculifera Greenm.
I. tenuifolia (Vahl) Urban
I. tenuiloba Torr.
,>
,,,-,,,
L
>
,_
X
,
~ ~ g ~ ~ $ g ~ $ 6 ~ 8 $ ~ $ ~ $ 5 ~ $
[ErErEr]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St Eustatius
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ......................
. . . .
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.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuLe?]
. . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErEr(?)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[QuEx]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr]
[ErErBa]
[(?,?,?)I
[Er?(?,?)]
[QuEx]
[IpPhPh]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
[ErErp?] .
[ErErSe] .
[ErErEr] .
[QuLe]
.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- var. lemmonii (A. Gray) Yatsk. &

Mason
I.tenuissima Choisy
I. teotitlanica McPherson
1. ternata Jacq.
I.ternifolia Cav.
- var. leptotoma (Torr.)
J. A. McDonald
I.theodoriO'Donell
I.thurberi A. Gray
[QuLe]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErBa]
[ErErAr]
[ErErEr]
[QuLe]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Taxon
I. tiliacea (Willd.)Choisy
I. tricolorCav.
I. trifida (Kunth)G. Don
I. triloba L.
I. tubata Nees
I. tuboides 0 . Deg. & Ooststr.
I. turbinata Lag.
I. tuxtlensis House
I. uhdeana (Hallier f.) D. F. Austin
I. umbraticola House
I. uruguayensis Meisn.
I. valenzuelensis Chodat & Hassl.
I. velardei O'Donell
I. verbasciformis (Meisn.)O'Donell
I. villifera House
I. violacea L.
I. viridis Choisy
I. volcanensisO'Donell
I. walpersiana Urban
I. wolcottiana Rose subsp.
wolcottiana
- subsp. calodendron(O'Donell)
McPherson
I. wrightii A. Gray
I. zimmermaniiJ. A. McDonald
[ErErBa] .
[QuTr]
[ErErBa] .
[ErErBa] .
[ErErJa?] .
[QuEx]
[QuCa]
[ErErEr] .
[QuEx] .
[ErErBa] .
[ErErJa?] .
[ErErJa] .
[QuTR] .
[Er?(?,?)] .
[Ipphph] .
... . . a ..a
. . . . . . .e .
. . . . . . .
a * . . .
. . . . .
. a .
....*.. .
0 . e .
. . .
. .
. . . .
0..
. a * .
.a.
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . a . . a . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. a * * * * . .
. .
.. ..
Hawaii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
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.
[ErErp] . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
.
.
. . . . . .
[ErErER] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErEr]
[ErErER]
Guadeloupe
[ErErAr] . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
[ErErAr] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
[Qu(?)]
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
[ErErJa] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
' Both Austin and McDonald suspect that this is synonymous with Ipomoea jalapa. Until we have the opportunity to study live populations or more herbarium specimens, the two will not be combined.
This is close to Ipomoea hirsutissima; the two may prove to be synonyms.
Both McDonald (unpubl. thesis 1978) and McPherson (unpubl. diss. 1979) treated this as a distinct species.
We think it is probably a synonym of Ipomoea batatoides.
To be proposed for conservation separately.
OiDonell (1959a: 172) thought that Ipomoea kunthiana and I. procumbens might better be united but did not
fonnally synonymize thern.1
Matuda (1965) included this in Ipomoea jalapa as f. macrorhiza (Michx.) Matuda. This disposition has
influenced subsequent students to consider the two names synonyms (Wilkin, pers. cornrn.). After studying
living plants of both, we cannot agree. I. jalapa has lavender diurnal flowers (bee-flowers); I. macrorhiza has
white nocturnal flowers (moth-flowers). The confusion may have originated because Matuda did not have
both species; we have seen only I. jalapa in Mexico, and only I. macrorhiza in the U.S.A.
Ipomoea mcphersonii D. F. Austin, "om. no". = I. praecox McPherson & Meacham in Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 14: 85. 1980 (non Wright in Anales Acad. Ci. Habana 7: 46. 1870).
TAXON 45
FEBRUARY 1996
13
the 'Microsticta' group is I. ser. Eriospennum. There seems to be no reason to keep I.

ser. Dactylophyllae (type: I. horsfalliae) separate from I. ser. Eriospennum (type: I.
digitata). These changes have been made. Further study may indicate subdivision of I.
ser. Eriospennum, but current data do not indicate how that might be done.
Ipomoea ser. Anisomeres has been recognized by many previous students of the
family, including House (1908b), Austin (1975a, 1979, 1980a, b), and McDonald
(1991). Austin is completing a revision that will redefine this taxon by excluding
some species previously included in it and including one that had not before been
associated with it.
McDonald & Austin (1990) first maintained that Ipomoea sect. Batatas was improperly placed in I. subg. Quamoclit. Their morphological study, the subsequent
chloroplast DNA analysis by McDonald & Mabry (1992), and the morphological/palynological study by Austin & Wilkin (1993) all indicate that I. sect. Batatas is better
placed in I. subg. Eriospermum near ser. Setosae. Moreover, all data indicate that the
group should be lower in rank to better reflect this affinity. This change is made
below.
McDonald & Mabry (1992) found DNA evidence that Ipomoea ser. Tyrianthinae
is not closely allied with I. sect. Pharbitis. The correct position is near I. sect.
Calonyction and the 'Tricolor' group. Even then, I. ser. Tyrianthinae seems to be
heterogeneous to us, and McDonald (pers. comm.) agrees.
McDonald (1991) included several American species in Ipomoea ser. Ipomoea.
Earlier Verdcourt (1957, 1963) and Austin (1975a, 1979, 1980a, b) had considered
that series to be confined to the Old World. The study by McDonald & Mabry (1992)
subsequently placed some of the species in question in I. ser. Pharbitis (e.g., I.
ampullacea, I. mairetii). McDonald (pers. comm., 1994) has reconsidered the situation, and now agrees that no New World species belong to I. ser. Ipomoea. There
are morphological similarities between several New and Old World species, some of
which are endemic to the Americas, and others to the Old World. Still, these similarities seem to reflect convergence, and the native American species formerly included in I. ser. Ipomoea have been moved to I. ser. Pharbitis. No species of I. ser.
Ipomoea occurred in both hemispheres before they were dispersed in historical times
by humans.
McDonald (1995) recognized Ipomoea sect. Leptocallis (G. Don) J . A. McDonald.
We think that this taxon should better be called I. ser. Pedatisectae (House) D. F.
Austin, but retain his usage pending further studies.
Infrageneric taxa recognized within American Ipomoea, with their abbreviations
used in Table 1, and the number of currently known species within each are summarized here. Of the 339 taxa recognized, only 10 are unplaced to subgenus.
Ipomoea L.
subg. Eriospermum (Hallier f.) Verdc. ex Austin
sect. Eriospermum Hallier f.
ser. Eriospermum (Hallier f.) D. F. Austin (= Dactylophyllae (House) D. F .
Austin; 'Microsticta group' of McPherson) (62 taxa) [ErErEr]
ser. Anisomeres (House) D. F. Austin (3 species) [ErErAn]
ser. Arborescentes (Choisy) D. F. Austin (12 taxa) [ErErAr]
ser. Batatas (Choisy) D. F. Austin, stat. nov. = Batatas Choisy in Mem.
Soc. Phys. Genitve 6: 434. 1834 (15 taxa) [ErErBa]
14
ser. Bombycospermum (C. Presl) D. F. Austin (1 species) [ErErBo]

ser. Jalapae (House) D. F. Austin (35 species) [ErErJa]
ser. Mirandinae D. F. Austin (7 species) [ErErMr]
ser. Setosae (House) D. F. Austin (7 species) [ErErSe]
ser. ? (59 species) [ErEr(?)]
sect. Erpipomoea Choisy (9 species) [ErErp]
subg. ?Eriospermum
sect. ?, ser. ? (16 species) [Er?(?,?)]
subg. Ipomoea
sect. Pharbitis (Choisy) Griseb.
ser. Pharbitis (Choisy) D. F. Austin (10 species) [IpPhPh]
ser. Heterophyllae (House) D. F. Austin (9 species) [IpPhHe]
ser. Tyrianthinae (House) D. F . Austin (10 species) [IpPhTy]
subg. Quamoclit (Moench) Clarke
sect. Calonyction (Choisy) Griseb. (4 species) [QuCa]
sect. Exogonium (Chois y) Griseb. (24 taxa) [QuEx]
[sect.] 'Microsepalae' (2 species) [QuMc]
sect. Mina (Cerv.) Griseb. (18 species) [QuMi]
sect. Leptocallis (G. Don) J. A. McDonald (= ser. Pedatisectae (House) D. F.
Austin) (12 taxa) [QuLe]
[sect.] 'Tricolor' (7 species) [QuTr]
sect. ? (7 species) [Qu(?)]
subg. ? (10 species) [(?,?,?)I
The country abbreviations used to indicate the geographic distribution of each
species (Table 1) are those recommended by the United Nations (Anonymous, 1988).
Full geographical designations are sometimes used when a given species is found in
some states or regions that are isolated from their main territory, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, Lesser Antilles. Our geographic range records are based on specimens we
have examined or those cited by other authors. Species have been reported from
several places that we have not listed because no voucher was cited.
The species that have been examined in the past five decades by long-term students of the American taxa are listed alphabetically in Table 1. Most infraspecific
names have been excluded, but selected infraspecific taxa are mentioned to draw
attention to what we consider unusual situations. Several previous authors have, in
our opinion, created far too many such names. Synonyms are cross-referenced to the
accepted names (see Appendix).
Placement of the species in the various generic subdivisions results from a combination of literature survey and personal study. For example, O'Donell (1959a, b) was
followed for Ipomoea sect. Mina, with additions (as I. sect. Quamoclit) by Eckenwalder (1989) and McDonald (1991). For some species the placement has been
changed from McPherson's (unpubl. diss. 1979), but many of his suggestions have
been adopted. McDonald (1991) placed most of the Mexican species; a few of those
he included among "species inquirendae" have been studied and can now be placed
(Austin, 1991a; McDonald & Mabry, 1992).
Those species that are unplaced typically represent taxa for which insufficient
material is available. Some are clearly distinct from anything else known, but specimens do not have critical stages for infrageneric placement (e.g., no fruits or buds
TAXON 45
FEBRUARY 1996
15
are known for Ipomoea alexandrae or I. chodatiana). The majority of the unplaced
species are rare; many are local endemics. We know that some of the endemic taxa
are endangered - e.g., most of the Caribbean endemics such as I. sphenophylla
(Howard & McDonald, 1995); also Meso-American I. tabascana (Austin & al.,
1991a), and S. American I. peruviana (Diaz & al., 1991), I. cavelcantei (Austin,
1981), I. carajasense (Austin & Secco, 1988) - and suspect that a large number of
the others are so too.
This compilation should in no way be construed as a list of all the Ipomoea species
in the Americas. Our Appendix contains 150 binomials that either have not been
verified or we cannot place with confidence. Of these, Wilkin (pers. comm., 1995)
will be including about 50 species, mostly from Brazil and Paraguay, in his forthcoming study.
Brazil provides a prime example of incomplete knowledge of Ipomoea. In the late
1970s the first author compiled data on every binomial that had been applied to
Brazilian species; since then thousands of specimens from that country have been
sent to him for determination. Many of the names available are of questionable usage
in the Planalto and Nordeste of Brazil; a number of the specimens match none of the
named species and represent undescribed ones. Several Brazilian researchers are now
studying the plants of their country and hopefully we will have better information on
this region of high biodiversity in the next few years.
Acknowledgements
This study was partly supported by USAIDNSDA (Grant No. 59-319R-4-011) to both
authors, and by the National Geographic Society (Grant No. 4478-91 to D.F.A.) for field work
in Costa Rica and Mexico. Publication was funded by the Centro Intemacional de la Papa
(CIP), Lima, Peni. We thank S. K. Austin (Boca Raton), Sebsebe Demissew (Addis Abeba),
A. McDonald (Harvard), Bemard Verdcourt (Kew) and Paul Wilkin (Kew) for comments.
Literature cited
Anonymous. 1988. International standard codes for the representation of names of countries, ed. 3. Genkve.
Austin, D. F. 1975a. Typification of the New World subdivisions of Ipomoea. Taxon 24:
107-110.
- 1975b. Convolvulaceae. [In: Flora of Panama]. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 147-224.
- 1978. The Ipomoea batatas complex - I. Taxonomy. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105: 1 14-129.
- 1979. An infrageneric classification for Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Taxon 28: 359-361.
- 1980a. Convolvulaceae. Pp. 288-363 in: Dassenayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. (ed.), A
revised handbook of the flora of Ceylon, 1. New Delhi.
- 1980b. Additional comments on infrageneric taxa in Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Taxon 29:
501-502.
- 1981. Novidades na flora Amaz6nica. Acta Amazon. 11: 29 1-295.
- 1982a. Convolvulaceae, Family 165. In: Harling, G. & Sparre, B. (ed.), Flora of Ecuador,
15. Stockholm.
- 1982b. Convolvulaceae. Pp. 15-226 in: Luces de Febres, Z. & Steyermark, J. A. (ed.),
Flora de Venezuela, 8(3). Caracas.
- 1982c. Convolvulaceae. Pp. 1161-1191 in: Correll, D. S. & Correll, H. B., Flora of the
Bahama Archipelago. Vaduz.
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16
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- 1990. Annotated checklist of New Mexican Convolvulaceae. Sida 14: 273-286.
1991a. Annotated checklist of Arizona Convolvulaceae. Sida 14: 443-457.
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- , Huhman, Z. & Puente, F. de la, 1986. Especies adicionales del gCnero Ipomoea (Convol-
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- , Jansson, R. K. & Wolfe, G. W. 1991a. Convolvulaceae and Cylas: a proposed hypo-
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& Staples, G. W. 1991. A revision of the neotropical species of Turbina Raf. (Convolvulaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 118: 265-280.
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Natl. Hist. Nut., B, Adansonia 14: 335-346.
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-
17
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Ooststroom, S. J. van 1953. Convolvulaceae. Pp. 388-512 in: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van (ed.),
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Steam, W. T. 1977. Turbina corymbosa. Bot. Mag. 181: 59-65.
Verdcourt, B. 1957. Typification of the subdivisions of Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) with
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and its evolution. Kew Bull. 50: 93-102.
-
18
Appendix: Zpomoea synonyms and unverified names

Names followed by the equals sign plus query (= ?) are unverified. This is a list of
names used for plants that have been reported for the New World. Where possible,
types have been examined by the first author. Full citations of many are available on
Internet from the Gray Index at Harvard University (http://huh.harvard.edu). This list
attempts to account for all of the American epithets placed in Ipomoea, but does not
consider species placed in only segregate genera.
I. abutiloides (Kunth) G. Don = Turbina abutiloides (Kunth) O'Donell
I. abutiloides var. hartwegiana Kuntze = Turbina abutiloides (Kunth) O'Donell
I. abutiloides var. kunthiana Kuntze = ?
I. acaponetensis M. E. Jones = ?
I. acetosifolia (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = I. imperati
I. acetosifolia var. longifolia Glaz. = ?
I. aculeata Blume = I. alba
I. aculeata (L.) Kuntze 1891 (non Blume 1826) = I. alba
I. aculeata var. bonanox (L.)Kuntze = I. alba
I. aculeata var. heterophylla Kuntze = ?
I. aculeata f. bonanox (L.) Voss = I. alba
I. acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = I . indica
I. acutangula Ruiz & Pav. = I. hederifolia
I. aegyptia L. = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban
I. aequitans Jones = I. microsepala
I. affinis M. Martens & Galeotti = I. purpurea
I. alata Rose = Operculina pteripes (Don) O'Donell
I. alatipes Hook. = Operculina pteripes (Don) O'Donell
I. alba Garcke 1849 (non L. 1753) = ?
I. albidijlora Matuda = ? I. hartwegii
I. albijlora Moric. = Merremia digitata (Spreng.) Hallier f.
I. albijlora var. cinerea Meisn. = Merremia digitata (Spreng.) Hallier f.
I. albijlora var. divergens Choisy = Merremia digitata (Spreng.) Hallier f.
I. albijlora var. stricta Choisy = Merremia digitata (Spreng.) Hallier f.
I. altissima (Spreng.) Bertero ex G. Don = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D. F. Austin
I. altissima Mart. ex Choisy 1845 (non (Spreng.) Bertero ex G. Don 1837) = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. alulata Miq. = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. ambigua Endl. = I. alba
I. amparoana Pilg. = ?
I. ampelopsifolia (Cham. & Schltdl) G. Don = Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f.
I. amplexicaulis Fernald = I. microsepala
I. ampliata Choisy = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. anceps (L.) Roem. & Schult. = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso
I. ancisa House = I. sescossiana
I. angularis Willd. = I. hederifolia
I. angularis Choisy 1834 (non Willd. 1803) = I. neei (Spreng.) O'Donell
I. angulata Lam. = I. hederifolia

I. angulata Ortega 1797 (non Lam. 1793) = I. dubia
I. angulata Mart. ex Choisy 1845 (non Lam. 1793) = I. squamisepala
I. angulata var. gnidioides Meisn. =I.squamisepala
I. angulata var. latifolia Meisn. = I. squamisepala
I. angulata var. linearis Meisn. = ?
I. angustata Brandegee = ?
I. angustifolia Jacq. = Xenostegia angustifolia (Jacq.) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. angustifolia Choisy 1845 (non Jacq. 1789) = I. aprica
I. angustifolia var. villosula Meisn. = I. aprica
I. anisomeres var. sagittiformis L. 0 . Williams = I. anisomeres
I. antillana Millsp. = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
I. aphylla Standl. = Merremia aturensis (Kunth) Hallier f.
I. apiculata M. Martens & Galeotti I I. batatas var. apiculata
I. arborescens var. glabrata (A.Gray) Gentry = I. intrapilosa
I. arborescens var. pachylutea Gentry = I. arborescens
I. arenaria (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = I. imperati
I. arenaria (Choisy) Steud. 1840 (non (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. 1819) = I. steudelii
I. arenaria var. integerrima Kuntze = ?
I. arenaria var. palnzat~fdaKuntze = ?
I. argentina N. E. Br. = Aniseia argentina (N. E. Br.) O'Donell
I. argentinensis Speg. = Aniseia argentina (N. E. Br.) O'Donell
I. argyreia var. burchellii Hassl. = ?
I. argyreia var. discolor Hassl. = I. paraguariensis
I. argyreia var. lanata Hassl. = ?
I. argyreia var. martii Hassl. = ?
I. argyreia var. paraguariensis (Peter) Chodat & Hassl. = I. paraguariensis
I. argyreia f. grandijora Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. argyreia f. intermedia Chodat & Hassl. =I. paraguariensis
I. argyreia f. linearifolia Hassl. = ?
I. argyreia f. nitens (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl. = ?
I. argyreia f. oblongifolia Hassl. = I . oblongifolia
I. argyreia f. paraguariensis (Peter) Chodat & Hassl. = I. paraguariensis
I. argyreia f. salicifolia Chodat & Hassl. = I. paraguariensis
I. argyreia f. salicifolia Hassl. 191 1 (non Chodat & Hassl. 1905) = ?
I. aristulata M. Martens & Galeotti = ?
I. armata Roem. & Schult. = I . capillacea
I. armata var. patens M. E. Jones = I. plummerae
I. armentalis L. 0 . Williams = I. lindenii
I. arnottiana Steud. = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.
I. aspera (Choisy) Vatke = ?
I. aspersa Mart. ex Choisy = ?
I. assumptionis Britton = I. setifera
I. asterotrichta Dammer = ?
I. aturensis (Kunth) G. Don = Merremia aturensis (Kunth) Hallier f.
I. aurea (Kellogg) Curran = Merremia aurea (Kellogg) O'Donell
I. aurifolia Dammer = I. stenophylla
I. austinsmithii Standl. = I. aristolochiifolia

I. avicularis Raf. = I. hederacea
I. bahiensis var. sagittifolia Meisn. = ?
I. bahiensis var. unijlora (Choisy) Meisn. = I. bahiensis
I. balansae Peter = I. malvaeoides
I. barbata Roth = I. hederacea
I. barbigera Sweet = I. hederacea
I. batatas var. dissoluta Kuntze = I . batatas
I. batatas var. fastigata (Sweet) Kuntze = I. batatas
I. batatas var. leucantha (Jacq.) Nishiyama = I. xleucantha
I. batatas var. leucorrhiza Griseb. = I. batatas
I. batatas var. porphyrorhiza Griseb. = I. batatas
I. batatas f. trifida Moldenke = I. batatas
I. batatilla (Kunth) G. Don = I. carnea subsp.fistulosa
I. batatoides Benth. 1840 (non Choisy 1837) = I. orizabensis
I. batatoides var. angulata Choisy = I. goyazensis
I. batatoides var. tomentosa Glaz. = ?
I. beladamboe Roem. & Schult. = I. asarifolia
I. bernouilliana Peter = ?
I. bicolor Lam. = ?
I. bidentata G. Don = Xenostegia angustifolia (Jacq.) D. F . Austin & Staples
I. bifida Weinm. = ?
I. biglandulosa Arechav. = I. bonariensis
I. bignonioides Sims = ?
I, bisperma Larrafiaga = ?
I. blanchetii var. pubescens Meisn. = I. blanchetii
I. bogotensis (Kunth) G. Don = I. indica
I. bona-nox L. = I. alba
I. bona-nox var. purpurascens Ker Gawl. = I. turbinata
I. bonariensis subsp. aspera Hassl. = ?
I. bonariensis subsp. mollis Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. calvescens Hallier f. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. chacoensis on on ell' = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. cordifolia Chodat & Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. grandijlora Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. hispida Hassl. = ?
I. bonariensis var. pubescens Hassl. = ?
I. bonariensis var. pubisepala Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. rupestris Chodat & Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis var. tomentosa Hassl. = ?
I, bonariensis subvar. integrifolia Hallier f. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis subvar. triloba Hallier f. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis f. cordata Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis f. glabrata Hassl. = I. bonariensi
I. bonariensis f. intermedia Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. bonariensis f. lobata Hassl. = ?

I. bonariensis f. subintegra Hassl. = ?
I. bonariensis f. trichosepala Hassl. = ?

I. bonariensis f. villicaulis Chodat & Hassl. =I. bonariensis
I. bouvetii Duchass. & Walp. = I. cairica
I. brachypoda Benth. = I. meyeri
I. bracteata Rudolph ex Ledeb. 1807 (non Cav. 1799) = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D. F.
Austin
I. bracteata Wight 1848 (non Cav. 1799) = ?
I. bracteata var. pubescens Rob. & Greenm. = I. bracteata
I. brasiliana Meisn. = Turbina cf. cordata (Choisy) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. brasiliensis (L.) G. Meyer = I. pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
I. breedlovei L. 0 . Williams = I. pedicellaris
I. brevijlora G. Meyer = I . setifera
I. brevipedicellata (Hallier f.) Hallier f. = I. hederifolia
I. brevipes MOG.& Sess6 ex Choisy = ?
I. brevipes Peter 1891 (non Choisy 1845) = ?
I. bronsonii J. N . Gerard = ?
I. buchii Urban = I. clausa
I. burchellii Meisn. = ?
I. burmannii Choisy = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
I. caerulea J. Konig ex Roxb. = I. hederacea
I. caerulea Bello 1881 (non Roxb. 1824) = ?
I. caerulescens Roxb. = ? I. hederacea, or I. nil
I. caesia Hoffmanns. = ?
I. cairica var. obtusata Hoehne = ?
I. cairica var. unijlora (Meisn.) Hoehne = I . cairica
I. calderonii Standl. = I. turbinata
I. calidicola Standl. & L. 0.Williams = I. setifera
I. callida House = I. squamosa
I. calodendron O'Donell = I. wolcottiana subsp. calodendron
I. caloneura Meisn. = ?
I. calophylla C. Wright ex Griseb. 1866 (non Fenzl 1844) = I. lacteola
I. calva House = I. wolcottiana
I. calycina Meisn. = Merremia calycina (Meisn.) Hallier f.
I. calycosa (Rich.) Choisy = ?
I. campan~jloraHallier f. in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 46: 20. 1922 (not in Index kewensis)
= Calonyction campanulatum Hallier f. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1050, t. 18, fig. 2.
1897 = ?
I. campanulata L. = Stictocardia tiliifolia (Burm.) Merr.
I. campestris Meisn. = ? I. kunthiana, or I. procumbens, or I. procurrens
I. canescens (Kunth) G. Don = Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) G. Don
I. capillacea var. patens A. Gray = I. plummerae
I. capillifolia Bertero ex Choisy = ?
I. capparoides Choisy = I. phyllomega
I. cardiosepala Meisn. = I. phyllomega
I. carletoni Holz. = I. longifolia
I. carmesina Proctor = ?
I. carnea f. albijlora Moldenke = I. carnea
22
TAXON 45
FEBRUARY 1996
I. carolina (L.) Pursh 1814 (non L. 1753) = I. cordatotriloba

I. caroliniana Poir. = I. cordatotriloba
I. carrizalia Brandegee = I. jalapa
I. carulea Koen. = ? I. hederacea, or I. nil
I. catesbaei G. Mey. = I. batatas (fide House, 1908)
I. cathartics Poir. = I. indica
I. cavanillesii Roem. & Schult. = I. cairica
I. cephalantha Dammer = Jacquemontia hallieriana Ooststr.
I. cernua Hassl. = Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy (fide McDonald)
I. cernua f. chacoensis Hassl. = Aniseia argentina (N. E. Br.) O'Donell
I. cernua f. palmirense Arechav. = Aniseia argentina ( N . E. Br.) O'Donell
I. cernua f. platensis Hassl. = Aniseia argentina (N. E. Br.) O'Donell
I. cernua f. yapeyuana Arechav. =Aniseia argentina (N. E. Br.) O'Donell
I. chaetophora Hallier f. = I. setosa
I. chiapensis Brandegee = I . meyeri
I. chilensis A. Braun & BouchC = I. dumetorum
I. chryseides Choisy = Merremia hederacea (Burmann) Hallier f.
I. chrysotricha var. boliviana Meisn. = Merremia hederacea (Burmann) Hallier f.
I. chrysotricha var. ovata Meisn. = I. chrysotricha
I. chrysotrichoides Hassl. = ?
I. ciliolata Pers. = ?
I. ciliosa Pursh = ?
I. cincta Roem. & Schult. = I. bracteata
I. cissoides (Lam.) Griseb. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides var. guadaloupensis (Steud.) House = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides var. subsessilis Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides f. diminuta Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides f. integrifolia Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I, cissoides f. major Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides f. subintegrifolia Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides f. viscidula Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. cissoides f. vulgaris Meisn. = Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f.
I. clarkei Hook. = ?
I. coccinea var. cuwijlora Griseb. = I. hederifolia
I. coccinea var. hederifolia (L.) A. Gray = I. hederifolia
I. coccinea var. luteola Arechav. = I. grandifolia
I. coccinea var. pubescens Schltdl & Cham. = I. coccinea
I. coccinea f. luteola (Jacq.) Voss = I. hederifolia
I. codonantha Benth. = Operculina codonantha (Benth.) Hallier f.
I. comosa House = I. argentea
I. compressa Guss. = ?
I. commutata Roem. & Schult., nom. illeg. = I. cordatotriloba
I. concinna House = I. aristolochiifolia
I. confertijlora Standl. = I. rrifida
I. congesta R. Br. = I. indica
I. contorquens Choisy = Merremia digitata var. elongata (Choisy) D. F. Austin & Staples
23
I. contorquens var. heterophylla Meisn. = Merremia digitata var. elongata (Choisy)

D. F. Austin & Staples
I. contorquens var. simplicifolia Meisn. = Merremia digitata var. elongata (Choisy)
D. F. Austin & Staples
I. contorquens var. vulgaris Meisn. = Merremia digitata var. elongata (Choisy) D. F .
Austin & Staples
I. contrerasii L. 0. Williams = ?
I. cordata L. B. Sm. & B. G. Schub. = I . aristolochiifolia
I. cordobana Peter = ?
I. coriacea Choisy = ?
I. cornucopia Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. corralinensis Choisy = ?
I. corumbaensis Hoehne = ?
I. corymbosa (L.) Roth = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
I. costaricensis Kuntze = ?
I. crassicaulis (Benth.) Robinson = I. carnea subsp.fistulosa
I. crassifolia Cav. = I. asarifolia
I. crinita Brandegee = I. suaveolens
I. crotonifolia Gardner = Jacquemontia holosericea (Weinm.) O'Donell
I. cruckshanksii Choisy = ?
I. cuernavacensis House = ? I. arborescens
I. cumanensis (Kunth) G. Don Jacquemontia cumanensis (Kunth) Kuntze
I. cuneifolia A. Gray = I. plummerae
I. cuneifolia Meisn. 1869 (non A. Gray) = ?
I. cuneifolia var. acutifolia Meisn. = ?
I. curtissii House = I. ochracea
I. cuspidata Ruiz & Pav. = I. nil
I. cyamoclita St.-Lag. = I. quamoclit
I. cymosa G. Mey. = I. tiliacea
I. dactylophylla Griseb. = I. subrevoluta
I. dajabonensis Alain = I. plummerae
I. dasysperma var. disperma Ram. Goyena = ?
I. daturijora Meisn. = ?
I. davidsoniae Standl. = I. batatas
I. dealbata Hemsl. = I. indica
I. decasperma Hallier f. = I. emetica
I. decipiens Dammer = ?
I. declinata Mart. ex Meisn. = ?
I. decurtata Hallier f. = I. meyeri
I. delphinifolia M. Martens & Galeotti = I. ternifolia
I. demerariana Choisy = I. phyllomega
I. deppeana G. Don = I. imperati
I. desertorum House = I. hederacea
I. dichotoma Kunth = I. hederifolia
I. dichotoma Choisy 1845 (non Kunth 1818) = I. ramosissima
I. dichotoma var. integrifolia Meisn. = I. ramosissima
I. dichotoma var. longiflora Choisy = ?
24
I. dichotoma var. rosea Hallier f. = I. ramosissima

I. dichotoma var. trilobata Meisn. = I . ramosissima
I. dichotoma subvar. hirsuta Hallier f. = I. ramosissima
I. diehlii M. E. Jones = ?
I. digitata D. Parodi 1892 (non L. 1759) = ?
I. digitata var. quinquefida Meisn. = ?
I. digitata var. septemfida Meisn. = ?
I. digitata var. septempartita Meisn. = I. platensis
I. dillenii Roem. & Schult. = I. nil
I. discoidesperma Donn. Sm. = Merremia discoidesperma (Donn. Sm.) O'Donell
I. discolor Jacq. 1798 = I. purpurea
I. dissecta (Jacq.) Pursh 1814 (non Willd. 1794) = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.
I. dissecta var. edentata Meisn. = Merremia dissecta var. edentata (Meisn.) O'Donell
I. dissecta var. maximiliani (Meisn.) Lorentz = Merremia dissecta var. edentata
(Meisn.) O'Donell
I. divergens House = I. ternifolia var. leptotoma
I. domingensis (Desr.) House = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
I. dubia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. 1882 (non Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. 1819)
= I . elongata
I. dumetorum var. glaucescens (Kunth) Choisy = I. dumetorum
I. dumetorum f. alba Moldenke = I. dumetorum
I. ebracteata Choisy ex DC. = ?
I. echioides var. villosula Meisn. = I . echioides
I. edulis Niederl. = I. batatas
I. egregia House = I. plummerae
I. elegans A. Dietr. = ?
I. elegans Meisn. 1869 (non A. Dietr. 1836) = I. monticola
I. equitans M. E. Jones = I. microsepala
I. erecta Michx. = ?
I. ericoides Meisn. = Merremia digitata var. ericoides (Meisn.) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. eriocalyx Meisn. = ?
I. eriocephala Moric. = Odonellia eriocephala (Moric.) K. R. Robertson
I. eriocephala var. sericea Choisy = Odonellia eriocephala (Moric.) K. R. Robertson
I. eriosperma P. Beauv. = I. mauritiana
I. eriosperma Bertero ex Spreng. 1825 (non P. Beauv. 1806) = I. repanda
I. eriosperma (Desr.) Urban 1902 (non P. Beauv. 1806) = I. desrousseauxii
I. erythraea Mog. & SessC ex Choisy = ?
I. eustachiana Jacq. = I. triloba
I. evolvuloides Moric. = Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn.
I. evolvuloides var. grandiflora Choisy = ?
I. fastigiata (Roxb.) Sweet = I. tiliacea
I. fastigiata Chapm. 1860 (non Sweet 1826) = ?
I. fastigiata var. ciliata Huber = I. batatas
I. fastigiata var. pauciflora Meisn. = ?
I. fawcettii Urban ex House = ?
I. federalis K. Afzel. = ?
I.fendleriana Kuntze = I. calantha
25
I.ferruginea (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = Jacquemontia cumanensis (Kunth) Kuntze

I.jicifolia Lindl. = ? I. indica
I.jiliformis Jacq. = Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.) Hallier f.
I.jilipedunculata Rusby = Jacquemontia blanchetii Moric.
I.filipes Benth. ex Meisn. = I. minutiflora
I.jistulosa Mart. ex Choisy =I.carnea subsp.fistulosa
I.fistulosa var. nicaraguensis Donn. Sm. = I. carnea subsp.fistulosa
I.jistulosa f. albzj7ora Chodat & Hassl. = I. carnea subsp.jistulosa
I.flagellaris Choisy = Merremiaflagellaris (Choisy) O'Donell
I.flammea Nees = ? Operculinaflammea (Nees) Meisn.
I.flavida L. 0. Williams = I. lindenii
I.florentiana Hoehne = ?
I. floribunda (Kunth) G. Don 1837 (non Moric. 1837) = Jacquemontia floribunda
(Kunth) Hallier f.
I.floribunda Moric. 1837 (non (Kunth) G. Don 1837) = ?
I.floribunda var. blanchetii Meisn. = ?
I.floribunda var. martii Meisn. = I. saopaulista
I.fruticosa Kuntze = I. carnea subsp.jistulosa
I.fuchsioides var. glabra Griseb. = ?
I.fuchsioides var. pawifolia Griseb. = ?
I.fulva Bertol. = Merremia dissecta var. edentata (Meisn.) O'Donell
I.funaria Larraiiaga = I. cairica
I.funis var. langlassei (House) O'Donell = ?
I.fusca Meisn. = Jacquemontiafusca (Meisn.) Hallier f.
I.futilis A. Nelson = I. costellata
I. gabrielii Choisy = ?
I.galapagensis Andersson =I.triloba
I. garnieri Standl. & L. 0 . Williams = I. rubens
I. gentryi Standl. = I. thurberi
I. geophilifolia K. Afzel. = ?
I. geranioides Meisn. = I. longeramosa
I. glabra (Aubl.) Choisy = Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) O'Donell
I. glabra var. septenata Meisn. = ?
I.glabriuscula House = I. batatoides
I.glandulifera Ruiz & Pav. = I.purpurea
I.glaucescens G. Don = I. dumetorum
I. glaucifolia L. = ?
I. glaziovii Dammer = Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
I. globosa (La Llave & Lex.) Meisn. = I. hastigera
I.glutinosa Dammer = ?
I. gossypioides D. Parodi = I. carnea subsp.fistulosa
I.gracilipes Hassl. = I. wrightii
I. gracillima Peter = I. minutiflora
I. graminiformis Meisn. = I. schomburgkii
I. graminiformis var. densifolia Chodat & Hassl. = Jacquemontia densifolia (Chodat
& Hassl.) Hassl.
I. graminiformis f. minor Chodat & Hassl. = ?
26
I. grandidentata C. H. Thomps. = ?
I. grandiflora D. Parodi = ?
I. grandiflora (Jacq.) Hallier f. 1894 (non D. Parodi 1892) = I. violacea
I. granulata D. Parodi = ?
I. granulosa Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. grayi N . E. Rose = I. pedicellaris
I. grisebachiana Meisn. = Iseia luxurians (Moric.) O'Donell
I. grisebachii Urban 1903 (non Prain 1894) = I. rubella
I. guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. guyanensis (Aubl.) Choisy I Jacquemontia guyanensis (Aubl.) Meisn.
I. halierca I. M. Johnst. = I. indica
I. hamiltonii G. Don = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. hartwegii Meisn. = I. neei
I. hassleriana Chodat & Hassl. = Merremia hassleriana (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl.
I. hassleriana var. robusta Hassl. = Merremia hassleriana (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl.
I. hassleriana f. mucronulatodenticulata Chodat = Merremia hassleriana (Chodat &
Hassl.) Hassl.
I. hassleriana f. sinuatolobata Chodat & Hassl. = Merremia hassleriana (Chodat &
Hassl.) Hassl.
I. hastigera var. jaliscana (House) O'Donell = ?
I. havanensis (Jacq.) Choisy = Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urban
I. hederacea var. integrifolia Hallier f. = I. hederacea
I. hederacea var. integriuscula A. Gray = I. hederacea
I. heptaphylla (Roxb.) Voigt = I. wrightii
I. heptaphylla Griseb. 1862 (non (Roxb.) Voigt 1845) = I. carolina
I. hermanniae (L'HCr.) G. Don = Convolvulus hermanniae L'HCr.
I. heterophylla Ortega = I. pubescens
I. heterophylla Schrank 1822 (non Ortega 1800) = ?
I. heterophylla Torr. 1858 (non Ortega 1800) = I. lindheimeri
I. heterophylla var. aemula House = I. lindheimeri
I. heterophylla var. subcomosa House = I. pubescens
I. heterotricha Meisn. 1869 (non Didr. 1854) = I. bonariensis
I, heterotricha var. homotricha Chodat & Hassl. = I. bonariensis
I. hieronymi var. calchaquina on on ell' = I. hieronymi
I. hieronymi var. kurtziana (O'Donell) on on ell' = I. hieronymi
I. hilarifolia Rusby = I. incarnata
I. hintonii L. 0 . Williams = I. caudata
I. hirsutissima var. integrifolia Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. hirsutissima var. repens Glaz. = ?
I. hirsutula Jacq. = I . purpurea
I. hirta M. Martens & Galeotti = ?
I. hirta T. Durand 1888 (non M. Martens & Galeotti 1845) = I. purpurea
I. hirtiflora M. Martens & Galeotti = Odonellia hirtiflora (M. Martens & Galeotti) K.
R. Robertson
I. hispaniolae G. Don = Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f.
I. hispida Zuccagni ex Roem. = I. purpurea
I. hispida D. Parodi 1892 (non Zuccagni ex Roem. 1806) = ?
I. holosericea Weinm. = Jacquemontia holosericea (Weinm.) O'Donell

I. hookeri G. Don = I. tricolor
I. horrida Huber ex Ducke = aff. I. setosa
I. hospitalis Urban = I. clausa
I. hostmanni Meisn. = Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) O'Donell
I. hotteana Urban & Ekman = I. clausa
I. humboldtiana Roem. & Schult. = I. hastigera, or I. hederifolia (see O'Donell, 1959c)
I. humilis Raf. 1838 (non G. Don 1837) = ?
I. hypargyraea var. baracoensis Urban = ?
I. hypoleuca Taub. = I. argentea
I. igatimiana D. Parodi = ?
I. imbricata D. Parodi = ?
I. indica var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg = I. indica
I. indica var. hosakae Fosberg = I. fimbriosepala
I. indica var. variabilis (Schltdl & Cham.) L. 0 . Williams = ?
I. insularis (Choisy) Steud. = I. indica
I. intermedia Schult. = I. purpurea
I. iodantha Brandegee = I. meyeri
I. iostemma House = I. meyeri
I. irengana N . E. Br. = ? I. discolor
I. jalapa Coxe 1830 (non (L.) Pursh 1814) = I. purga
I. jalapa Schiede & Deppe ex G. Don 1837 (non (L.) Pursh 1814) = I. purga
I. jalapa var. macrorhiza (Michx.) Ker Gawl. = I. macrorhiza
I. jalapa var. rosea Ker Gawl. = ?
I. jalapa f. macrorhiza (Michx.) Matuda I. macrorhiza
I. jaliscana House = I. stuns
I. jamaicensis var. glabrata Griseb. = ?
I. jamaicensis var. glabrata Meisn. 1869 (non Griseb. 1862) = I. indica
I. jamaicensis var. intermedia Meisn. = I. indica
I. jamaicensis var. sericea Meisn. = I. indica
I. jamaicensis var. triloba Arechav. = I. indica
I. jamesonii Choisy = Iseia luxurians (Moric.) O'Donell
I. juncea Choisy = Merremia aturensis (Kunth) Hallier f.
I. juramenti (Kuntze) O'Donell = I. argentinica
I. kerberi (E. Fournier) E. Fournier = I. hastigera
I. karwinskiana Regel = ?
I. kinbergii Andersson = I. incarnata
I. krugii Urban = ?
I. kunthiana var. pubescens Meisn. = ?
I. kunthiana var. sagittata Meisn. = ?
I. lactescens Benth. = I. clavata
I. lacunosa f. purpurea Fernald = I. xleucantha
I. lanceolata G. Don = Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy
I. langsdoflii Choisy = ?
I. lasioclados Choisy = Jacquemontia lasioclados (Choisy) O'Donell
I. lati'ora Roem. & Schult. = ?
I. latifolia M. Martens & Galeotti = I. asarifolia
I. learii Paxton = I . indica

I. leiocalyx Bruns = ?
I. lemmonii A. Gray I I. tenuiloba var. lemmonii
I. leptosiphon S. Watson = I . tenuiloba
I. leptotoma Torr. = I. ternifolia var. leptotoma
I. leptotoma var. wootonii E. H. Kelso = I. ternifolia var. leptotoma
I. leptotoma f. wootonii (E. H. Kelso) Wiggins = I. ternifolia var. leptotoma
I. lesteri Baker = I. setifera
I. leuconeura Urban = I. desrousseauxii
I. lilacina Schrank = ?
I. lindheimeri var. subintegra House = I. pubescens
I. lineariloba Peter = ?
I. linoides Choisy = Jacquemontia linoides (Choisy) Meisn.
I. linoides var. major Choisy = Jacquemontia linoides (Choisy) Meisn.
I. littoralis (L.) Boiss. 1875 (non Blume 1826) = I. imperati
I. livescens Meisn. = ?
I. llaveana Meisn. = I. funis
I. loefgrenii Hoehne = ?
I. longicuspis Meisn. = I. nil
I. longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. = I. nil
I. longiflora Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = I. alba
I. longipedunculata (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. = I. orizabensis
I. longipes Garcke = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. lorentzii Kuntze = ?
I. lundii Choisy = Bonamia agrostopolis (Vell.) Hallier f.
I. lutea f. rubra O'Donell = I. lutea
I. luteola Jacq. = I. hederifolia
I. luxurians Moric. Iseia luxurians (Moric.) O'Donell
I. macedoi Hoehne = ?
I. macrantha Roem. & Schult., nom. illeg. =I. violacea
I. macrantha (Kunth) G. Don 1837 (non Roem. & Schult. 1819) = I. murucoides
I. macrantha Peter, 1891 (non Roem. & Schult. 1819) = ?
I. macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) Choisy = Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) O'Donell
I. macrophylla Choisy = ?
I. macrophylla var. selloana Meisn. = ?
I. macrorhizos (L.) Roem. & Schult. 1819 (non I. macrorhiza Michx. 1803) = I.
furcyensis
I. malpighipila var. aemilii on on ell' = I. malpighipila
I. maltratana Standl. = I . ignava
I. malvaeoides var. albiflora Hallier f. = I. malvaeoides
I. malvaeoides var. argentea on on ell' = ?
I. malvaeoides var. digitata Hallier f. = ?
I. malvaeoides var. heterophylla Hallier f. = ?
I. malvaeoides var. integrifolia Chodat & Hassl. = I. paludosa
I. mulvaeoides var. lineariloba Hallier f. = ?
I. mulvaeoides var. nitida Hallier f. = I. nitida
I. malvaeoides var. oblongifolia Hallier f. = ?
I. malvaeoides var. ovata Hallier f. = ?

I. malvaeoides var. trifida Hallier f. = ?
I. malvaeoides var. uliginosa Chodat & Hassl. = I . paludosa
I. malvaeoides f. apiculata Chodat & Hassl. = I. paludosa
I. malvaeoides f. intermedia Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. maragrzietzsis Choisy = Merremia digitata var. elongata (Choisy) D. F. Austin &
Staples
I. marcellia (Choisy) Meisn. = I. argentea
I. martii Meisn. = Turbina cordata (Choisy) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. martinicensis (Jacq.) G. F. W. Mey. ~ A n i s e i amartinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy
I. martiusiana Steud. = ?
I. mattogrossensis (Kuntze) K. Schum. = I. squamosa
I. maximiliana Meisn. = Merremia dissecta var. edentata (Meisn.) O'Donell
I. megacarpa Brandegee = Operculinapinnatifida (Kunth) O'Donell
I. megapotamica Choisy = ?
I. megapotamica var. cordifolia Hassl. = ?
I. megapotamica var. pauciflora Meisn. = ?
I. melanotricha Brandegee = I. setosa
I. merremioides Alain = ?
I. mesatitlanica Choisy = I. orizabensis
I. mestecensis House = I. elongata
I. mexicana A. Gray = I. purpurea
I. micans Garcke = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. microdactyla var. integrifolia House = I. microdactyla
I. microsticta Hallier f. = I. batatoides
I. mina (G. Don) Voss = I. plummerae
I. minuta f. adiantifolia (Ooststr.) O'DonelI = I. plummerae
I. minuta R. Fr. = I. plummerae
I. mitchelliae Standl. = I. indica2
I. mollicoma Miq. = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. mollis (Kunth) G. Don =I. indica
I. monosperma Spreng. ex Choisy = I. incarnata
I. montana Moric. = Jacquemontia montana (Moric.) Meisn.
I. montecristina HadaE = ?
I. morellii Duchass. & Walp. = I. squamosa
I. mucronata Schery =I. batatas
I. multiflora (Mill.) Roem. & Schult. = Merremia umbellata (L.)Hallier f.
I. muricata (L.) Jacq. = I . capillacea
I. muricata Cav. 1799 (non (L.) Jacq. 1798) =I. capillacea
I. muricata var. villosa Choisy = ?
I. muricata f. alba Woodson & Seibert = ?
I. muricatisepala Matuda = I. capillacea
I. murucoides var. glabrata A. Gray = I. intrapilosa
I. murucoides var. glabrata Rose 1891 (non A. Gray 1887) = I. arborescens
I. mutabilis Lindl. = I. indica
I. neallyi Coult. = Antirrhinum maurandiodes A. Gray (fide Index kewensis)
I. nelsonii Rose = I. microsepala
30
I. nephrophylla Meisn. = I. hederifolia

I. neriifolia Gardener = I. echioides (fide Choisy, 1845; accepted by Meisner, 1869)
I. neurocephala Hallier f. = ?
I. nicaraguensis (Donn. Sm.) House = I. carnea subsp.fistulosa
I. nicoyana House = I. lindenii
I. nigricans Gardner = Merremia dissecta var. edentata (Meisn.) O'Donell
I. nil var. limbata (Hook.) Meisn. = ?
I. nitens Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. nuda Peter = Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
I. nuda N. E. Br. 1894 (non Peter 1891) = I. amnicola
I. nutans Choisy = Calycobolus nutans (Choisy) D. F. Austin
I. nyctaginea Choisy = ?
I. nyctaginea var. cordifolia (Choisy) Meisn. = I. parasitica
I. nyctelea L. = Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. (Hydrophyllaceae)
I. nymphaeifolia Griseb. = I. asarifolia
I. oaxacana Greenm. = ?
I. oblonga Benth. = ?
I. obtusiloba Meisn. = I. bonariensis
I. obtusiloba var. tridens Meisn. = I. bonariensis
I. obvallatus Spreng. = I. bracteata
I. ochracea var. curtissii (House) Stearn = I. ochracea
I. odorata Eastwood = I. jicama
I. oligantha Choisy = I. dumetorum
I. oocarpa Benth. = I. aristolochiifolia
I. operculata Mart. & Spix = Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urban
I. opulifolia Rusby = aff. I. sericophylla
I. orbicularis Ellis = I. pes-caprae
I. oreophila House = I. emetica
I. ornithopoda (House) Robinson = Operculina pinnatijida (Kunth) O'Donell
I. ortegae Poir. = I. pubescens
I. ottoensis Choisy = Convolvulus crenatifolius Ruiz & Pav.
I. ovalifolia (Vahl ex H. West) Choisy = Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Vahl ex H. West)
Hallier f.
I. ovalifolia var. pubescens Choisy = Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Vahl ex H. West)
Hallier f.
I. ovalifolia var. tomentosa Choisy = Jacquemontia ovalifolia (Vahl ex H. West)
Hallier f.
I, painteri House = I. costellata
I. palmata Forssk. = I. cairica
I. palmatopinnata Benth. & Hook. = ?
I. palmeri S. Watson = Merremia palmeri (S. Watson) Hallier f.
I. palmeri var. platyphylla Fernald = Merremia platyphylla (Fernald) O'Donell
I. paludosa var. uliginosa (Chodat & Hassl.) on on ell' = I. paludosa
I. palustris (Urban) Urban = I. setifera
I. pandurata var. candicans Choisy = ?
I. pandurata var. hastata Chapm. = ?
I. pandurata var. rubescens Choisy = I. pandurata
I. pandurata f. leviuscula Fernald = I. pandurata

I. paniculata (L.) R. Br. = I. mauritiana
I. paniculata var. digitata (L.) Kuntze = I. digitata
I. paniculata var. heterophylla Kuntze = ?
I. papiru Ruiz & Pav. = I. pubescens
I. paposana Phil. = I. dumetorum
I. paraensis Peter = ? Aniseia, or Jacquemontia
I. paranaensis Hoehne = ?
I. pareirifolia (Choisy) G. Don = ?
I. parkeri Choisy = I. rubens
I. parkeri var. subsericea Meisn. = I. rubens
I. pawijlora Vahl = I. triloba
I. pawzjlora SessC & Moq. 1893 (non Vahl 1794) = I. cholulensis
I. patens (A. Gray) House = I. plummerae
I. patula var. monticola Meisn. = I. monticola
I. patula var. selloana Meisn. = ?
I. patula var. villosa Meisn. = ?
I. paulistana (Silva Manso) Stellfeld = ?
I. paulistana O'Donell 1952 (non (Silva Manso) Stellfeld 1945) = I. saopaulista
I. pavonii Choisy = I. setosa
I. peckoltii Meisn. = I. aristolochiifolia
I. peckoltii var. major Meisn. = I. cynanchifolia
I. pedata G. Don = ?
I. pedatisecta M. Martens & Galeotti = I. ternifolia
I. peduncularis Bertol. =I. neei
I. pendula (Silva Manso) Stellfeld 1945 (non R. Br. 1810) = ?
I. peninsularis Brandegee = I. aristolochiifolia
I. pentaphylla Jacq., nom. illeg. = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban
I. pentaphylla Cav. 1795 (non Jacq. 1789) = I. cairica
I. pentaphylla var. marowynensis Ooststr. = ?
I. perlonga Robinson ex Pringle = I. parasitica
I. perplexa L. 0. Williams = I. ramosissima
I. perryana Duchass. & Walp. = Odonellia hirtiflora (M. Martens & Galeotti) Robertson
I. pes-caprae var. heterosepala Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. pes-caprae var. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr. = I. pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
I. philadelphica Roem. & Schult. = I. xleucantha (fide Index kewensis)
I. phoenicea Roxburgh = I. hederifolia
I. phylloneura Baker = I. fimbriosepala
I. phymatodes Spreng. = I. hederacea
I. pickelii Hoehne = ?
I. pilosa Cav. = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban
I. pilosissima M. Martens & Galeotti = I. purpurea
I. pinifolioides Arechav. = I. malvaeoides
I. pinnatifida (Kunth) G. Don = Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) O'Donell
I. pinosia Alain = I. fimbriosepala
I. pitoniana Urban = I. clausa
I. piurensis f. rosea on on ell' = I. piurensis
I. platanifolia Roem. & Schult. = I. tiliacea

I. platensis var. erecta Hassl. = ?
I. platensis var. quinquepartita Hassl. = ?
I. platensis var. subnovempartita Hassl. = ?
I. platensis f. subseptempartita Hassl. = ?
I. platyclada Urban = I. hypargyrea
I. plicata Urban = I. cyanantha
I. plumieriana House = I. fircyensis
I. plummerae var. cuneifolia (A. Gray) Macbride = I . plummerae
I. plummerae f. adiantifolia Ooststr. = I. plummerae
I. plummerae f. rhombifolia Ooststr. =I. plummerae
I. pohlii Choisy = ?
I. polyant/zes Roern. & Schult, norn. illeg. = Merremia umbellata (L.)Hallier f.
I. polymorpha Riedel ex Meisn. 1869 (non Roem. & Schult. 1819) = I. delphinioides
I. polymorpha var. calvescens Meisn. = I. delphinioides
I. polymorpha var. delphinioides Meisn. = I. delphinioides
I. polymorpha var. discolor Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. polymorpha var. glabra Griseb. = Convolvulus lacinatus Desr.
I. polymorpha var. heteromorpha Meisn. = I. delphinioides
I. polymorpha f. argentea Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. polymorpha f. canescens Hassl. =I. chodatiana
I. polymorpha subf. elliptica Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. polymorpha subf. sericea Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. polyrrhizos (Silva Manso) Choisy = ?
I. portobellensis Beurl. = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. portoricensis (Spreng.) G. Don = I. indica
I. potentilloides Meisn. = Merremia quinquefolia (L.)Hallier f.
I. praecox C. Wright = I. argentifolia
I. praecox McPherson & Meacham 1980 (non C. Wright 1870) =I. mcphersonii
I. primuliflora G. Don = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. pringlei A. Gray = I. sescossiana
I. procumbens var. adenophylla Choisy = I. procumbens
I. procumbens var. elliptica Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. procumbens var. longepedunculata Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. procurrens Meisn. = ?
I. procurrens var. pilosula Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. prostrata Meisn. = Jacquemontia warmingii O'Donell
I. prostrata var. longepedunculata Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. pseudocalystegia Hassl. = ?
I. pesudolinum Pittier = I. capillacea
I. pseudomalvaeoides Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. pseudomalvaeoides f. palmara Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. pseudomalvaeoides f. sericea Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. pseudomalvaeoides f. trispathulata Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. pseudomina K. Schum. = I. batatoides
I. pterodes Choisy = Operculina hamiltonii (G. Don) D. F. Austin & Staples
I. pubescens Hornem. 1813 (non Lam. 1793) = ?
I. pulchella (Kunth) G. Don 1837 (non Roth 1821) = I. dumetorum

I. pulchella var. lineariloba Hassl. = I. wrightii
I. punctata Macfad. = I. indica
I. punctata C. Wright 1870 (non Macfad. 1830) = I. flavopurpurea
I. punicea (Silva Manso) Choisy = ?
I. punicea var. rarifZora Meisn. = ?
I. purpurea var. diversifolia (Choisy) on on ell' = I. purpurea
I. purpurea f. triloba Meisn. = I. purpurea
I. purpusii House = I. batatas
I. purshii G. Don = I. macrorrhiza
I.pusilla Brandegee = I. costellata
I. pyrenea Taub. = ?
I. quesadana Standl. = I. ramosissima
I. quinquefolia L. = Merremia quinquefolia (L.)Hallier f.
I. quinqueloba (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = I . cairica
I. quinqueloba SessC & MOG.1888 (non Roem. & Schult. 1819) = ?
I. quinquepartita Roem. & Schult. = ?
I. racemosa Poir. = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D. F. Austin
I. radiatifolia Kellogg =I. ternifolia var. leptotoma
I. radicans Bertero ex Choisy = I. wrightii
I. ramonii Choisy = I. trifida
I. ramosissima var. rosea Hallier f. = I. ramosissima
I. ramosissima subvar. hirsuta Hallier f. = I. ramosissima
I. ramosissima f. rosea (Hallier) o on ell' = I. ramo,sissima
I. reidelii Meisn. = I. batatoides
I. repanda var. pratensis C. Wright ex Griseb. = ?
I. repanda var. undulata C. Wright ex Griseb. = ?
I. rhodocalyx A. Gray ex S. Watson = Operculina pteripes (G. Don) O'Donell
I. riparia G. Don = I. rubens
I. rochai Hoehne = I. bahiensis
I. rojasii Hassl. = ?
I. rondoniae Hoehne = ?
I. rondoniae var. breviracemosa Hoehne = ?
I. rosea Choisy = ?
I. rosea var. pluripartita Hassl. = I. cairica
I. roseana House = I . trifida
I. rubra (Vahl) Millsp. = I. setifera
I. rubra var. alboflavida Urban = ?
I. rubra var. palustris Urban = I. setifera
I. rubrinewia Goebel = ?
I. rubrocaerulea Hook. = I. tricolor
I. rubrocincta Urban = I. digitata
I. rubrocincta var. brachyloba Urban = I. digitata
I. ruderaria (Kunth) G. Don = Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urban
I. rudolphii Roem. & Schult. = Turbina racemosa (Poir.) D. F . Austin
I. sabulosa House = I. lindenii
I. sabulosa var. mollicella House =I. lindenii
34
I. sabulosa var. hirtella House = I. lindenii

I. sagittifera (Kunth) G. Don = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. sagittifolia (Michx.) Ker Gawl. 1820 (non Burm. f. 1768) = I. sagittata
I. sagittula House = I. puncticulata
I. salicifolia Desr. ex Steud. = Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy
I. salzmannii Choisy = I. bahiensis
I. salzmannii var. unifiora Choisy = I. bahiensis
I. samanensis Urban = I. clausa
I. sanguinea Vahl = I. hederifolia
I. saxicola Proctor = I. ternata
I. saxorum Standl. & Steyermark = I, pedicellaris
I. scabrida Roem. & Schult. = I. hederacea
I. schiedeana Ham. 1838 (non Zucc. 1831) = I. tricolor
I. schiedeana Zucc. = I. purga
I. schizoloma Kunze = ?
I. schlechtendalii Vis. ex Choisy = ?
I. schrenkiana Peter =
I. scrobiculata G. Don = ?
I. seleri Millsp. = I. crinicalyx
I. selloi Meisn. = Jacquemontia selloi (Meisn.) Hallier f.
I. selloi var. rufescens Meisn. = ? Jacquemontia selloi (Meisn.) Hallier f.
I. sellowii Penny ex G. Don = I. bonariensis
I. sericantha Miq. = Operuclina sericantha (Miq.) Ooststr.
I. sericantha Griseb. 1862 (non Miq. 1851) = Iseia luxurians (Moric.) O'Donell
I. sericea Spreng. ex Choisy = Iseia luxurians (Moric.) O'Donell
I. sericea D. Parodi 1892 (non Spreng. ex Choisy 1845) = ?
I. sericophylla Peter 1891 (non Meisn. 1869) = ?
I. sericosperma Raf, nom illeg. I . desrousseauxii
I. serotina Roem. & Schult. = ? (unknown to O'Donell, 1959: 86)
I, serpens Meisn. = ?
I. serpens var. albifiora Hallier f. = ?
I. serpens var. subtomentosa Chodat & Hassl. = I. subtomentosa
I. serpens f. crassifolia Chodat & Hassl. = I . subtomentosa
I. serpillifolia (Kunth) G. Don = Jacquemontia serpillifolia (Kunth) Urban
I. serrata Choisy = Jacquemontia serrata (Choisy) Meisn.
I. serrata var. triloba Choisy = Jacquemontia serrata (Choisy) Meisn.
I. serrulifera Standl. & L. 0 . Williams =I. setifera
I. sessilis L. 0 . Williams = I. thurberi
I. setifera var. orbicularis Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. setifera var. poeppigii (Meisn.) Hoehne = ?
I. setosa Griseb. 1861 (non Ker Gawl. 1818) = ?
I. setosa var. campanulata (Hallier) House = ?
I. setosa var. pavonii (Hallier) House = I. setosa
I. shinnersii D. F . Austin = I. uhdeana (fide McDonald)
I. shinnersii var. woronovii (Standl.) D. F. Austin = I . uhdeana (fide McDonald)
I. sidifolia Schrad. = I . tubata
I. sidifolia (Kunth) Choisy 1833 (non Schrad. 1821) = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.
35
I. signata House = I. chenopodiifolia

I. silvana Choisy = Operculina turpethum var. ventricosa (Bertero) Staples & D. F.
Austin
I. silvestris Brandegee = I. tuxtlensis
I. sinaloensis Brandegee = Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban
I. sinuata Ortega = Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f.
I. sinuata Kuntze 1891 (non Ortega 1798) = 1. imperati
I. sinuata var. edentata Meisn. = Merremia dissecta var. edentata (Meisn.) O'Donell
I. skutchii J. A. McDonald = I. magnijlora
I. solanifolia L. = Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.) Hallier f.
I. soldanellifolia Schrank = ?
I. sphaerostigma (Cav.) Steud. = Jacquemontia sphaerostigma (Cav.) Rusby
I. spiciflora Choisy = Jacquemontia spiciflora (Choisy) Hallier f.
I. spicata Kunth = I. bracteata
I. spinulosa Brandegee = I. turbinata
I. spiralis House = I. wrightii
I. splendorsylvae House = ?
I. squamisepala var. gnidioides (Meisn.) O'Donell = I. squamisepala
I. squamosa var. petiolaris Meisn. = I. squamosa
I. squamosa var. villosa Ooststr. = I. squamosa
I. stachyoides Meisner = I. argentea
I. stans var. hirsuta Robinson = ?
I. stellata D. Parodi = ?
I. stenocolpa Garcke = I. tiliacea
I. stenophylla var. aurifolia (Dammer) Hallier f. = ?
I. stenophylla var. laciniata Meisn. = ?
I. stenophylla f. glabrata Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. stipulacea Jacq. = I. cairica
I. stipulacea var. uniflora Meisn. = I. cairica
I. stipulacea f. pluriflora Meisn. = I. cairica
I. stolonifera J. F. Gmel., nom. illeg. =I. imperati
I. stylosa Choisy = I. hederifolia
I. subalata Hassl. = ?
I. subincana (Choisy) Meisn. = ?
I. subrevoluta var. induta Hassl. = ?
I. subrevoluta f. acutiloba Hassl. = I. subrevoluta
I. subtomentosa f. albgora (Hallier) O'Donell = ?
I. subtriloba Ruiz & Pav. = I . pubescens
I. subulata Hassl. = ?
I. sulcata D. Parodi = ?
I. superba Schrank ex Colla 1826 (non Ledeb. 1822) = ?
I. superba (Kunth) G. Don 1837 (non Ledeb. 1822) = I. orizabensis
I. supersticiosa Barb. Rodr. = I. mauritiana
I. surinamensis Miq. = I. tiliacea
I. tacuaremboensis f. foliosa Arechav. = I. tacuaremboensis
I. tamnifolia L. = Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.
I. tapirapoanensis Hoehne = ?
36
I. terminalis Choisy = Bonamia agrostopolis (Vell.) Hallier f.

I. teruae Molina & L. 0.Williams = I. batatoides
I. texana Coult. = I . carnea subsp.fistulosa
I. thomsoniana Mast. = I. ternata
I. tomentosa Choisy = Merremia tomentosa (Choisy) Hallier f.
I. tomentosa (L.) Urban 1902 (non Choisy 1837) = I.jamaicensis
I. tortugensis Peter = ?
I. trichocalyx Steud. = I. nil
I. trichocarpa Elliott, nom. illeg. = I. cordatotriloba
I. trichocarpa f. albiflora Ahles = I. cordatotriloba x I. lacunosa
I. trichocarpa var. australis 07Donell=I. cordatotriloba
I. trichocarpa f. pubescens Ahles = I. cordatotriloba
I. trichocarpa var. torreyana (A. Gray) Shinners = I. cordatotriloba
I. trichocephala G. Don = Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Raf.
I. trifida var. berlandieri A. Gray = I. cordatotriloba
I. tr$da var. torreyana A. Gray = I. cordatotriloba
I. trifida var. ymalensis House = I. xleucantha
I. triflora Maria & Velasco = I. delphinioides
I. trijiurcata Choisy = I. delphinioides
I. triloba var. eustachiana (Jacq.) Griseb. = I. xleucantha
I. triloba var. glaberrima Meisn. = ?
I. triloba var. quinqueloba Kuntze = I. triloba
I. trinitensis Urban = I. squamosa
I, triquetra (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso
I. tuba (Schltdl) G. Don = I . violacea
I. tuberculata (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. = I. cairica
I. tuberculata var. abbreviata Choisy = I. cairica
I. tuberosa L. = Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
I. tuberosa var. uniflora Choisy = Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
I. tubiflora Hook. f. = ?
I. tubulata SessC & Mo$. = ?
I. tubulosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = I. alba
I. tubulosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. 1882 (non Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
1819) = 1. uhdeana
I. tuerckheimii Vatke ex Donn. Sm. = I . aristolochiifolia
I. turneroides Chodat & Hassl. = Jacquemontia turneroides (Chodat & Hassl.) Hassl.
I. turpethum (L.) R. Br. = Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso
I. tweediei Hook. = I. aristolochiifolia
I. tyrianthina Lindl. = I. orizabensis
I. tyrianthina f. serotina (DC.) Voss = I. orizabensis
I. umbellata L. = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. umbellata (L.) G. Mey. 1818 (non L. 1759) = Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
I. umbellifera Choisy = ?
I. uniflora SessC & M ~ G=.?
I. urbica (Salzm. ex Choisy) Choisy = I. asarifolia
I. urbica var. muricata Choisy = I. asarifolia
I. urbinei House = I . uhdeana
I. ursina Brandegee = I. suaveolens

I. uruguayensis var. elliptica Chodat & Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. uruguayensis var. glabrata Chodat & Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. uruguayensis var. sericea Chodat & Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. uruguayensis f. retusa Chodat & Hassl. = I. chodatiana
I. utilis Choisy = ?
I. vahliana House = I. indica
I. valenzuelensis f. glabrescens Chodat & Hassl. = ?
I. valerii Standl. & L. 0 . Williams = Argyreia newosa (Burm. f.) Bojer
I. valida House = I. ternijolia var. valida (House) J. A. McDonald
I. vargasiana O'Donell = I. pauciflora subsp. vargasiana
I. varia Roth = I . pubescens
I. variabilis (Schltdl & Cham.) Choisy = I. indica2
I. variijolia ~ e i s n=. ?~
I. variijolia var. saxatilis Pilg. = ?
I. velardei var. aequatoriana O'Donell (weakly separated from I. velardei)
I. velloziana Mart. = Jacquemontia velloziana (Mart.) O'Donell
I. ventricosa (Bertero) G. Don = Operculina turpethum var. ventricosa (Bertero)
Staples & D. F. Austin
I. ventricosa (Silva Manso) Stellfeld 1945 (non (Bertero) G. Don 1837) = Operculina
turpethum var. ventricosa (Bertero) Staples & D. F. Austin
I. venusta (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. = ?
I. verniciflua Meisn. = ?
I. verrucipes (Ten.) Fisch. & al. = ?
I. verruculosa Mart. ex Choisy = ?
I. verruculosa (Pittier) O'Donell 1953 (non Mart. ex Choisy 1845) = I. avicola
I. versicolor Meisn. = I . lobata
I. verticillata L. = Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urban
I. verticillata Forssk. 1775 (non L. 1759) = ?
I. vespertina Colla = ?
I. vestallii Standl. = I. squamosa
I. villicalyx N . E. Br. = I. rubens
I. villosa Ruiz & Pav. = I. indica
I. villosa (Choisy) Meisn. 1869 (non Ruiz & Pav. 1799) = 1.argentea
I. villosa var. argentea (Meisn.) Hallier f. = I. argentea
I. villosa var. discolor Hassl. = ?
I. villosa var. hypoleuca (Taub.) Hallier f. = I. argentea
I. virgata var. angustata Meisn. = ?
I. virgata var. paniculata Meisn. = ?
I. virgata var. subspicata Meisn. = I. subspicata
I. virgata var. verbascijormis Meisn. r I. verbascijormis
I. viridiflora Urban = I. clausa
I. viscosa Wiggins = I. aristolochiijolia
I. vulsa House = I. batatas
I. wallii (Morren) Hemsl. = ? I. batatas
I. warmingii Meisn. = I. regnellii
I. willdenowii Roem. & Schult. = I. pubescens
38
TAXON45
FEBRUARY 1996
I. wilsonii House = I. squamosa

I. woronovii (Standl.) D. F. Austin = I. uhdeana (fide McDonald)
I. wrightii (House) Alain 1955 (non A. Gray 1878) = Turbina racemosa (L.)D. F .
Austin
I. yamuriensis Urban = I. carolina
I. yetira D. Parodi = ?
I, zuccagnii Roem. & Schult. = I. purpurea
O'Donell sometimes recognized what we consider to be minor variations that are

unworthy of names.
2
McDonald (1994: 129), keeps Ipomoea variabilis separate from I. indica. We do
not agree.
3
Excluded without comment from the flora of Uruguay by O'Donell (1959a). The
type photograph at NY looks like a Convolvulus, although O'Donell did not include
the name in synonymy under that genus.
LINKED CITATIONS
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A Synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas
Daniel F. Austin; Zsimo Human
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Literature cited
Typification of the New World Subdivisions of Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae)
Daniel F. Austin
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-0262%28197502%2924%3A1%3C107%3ATOTNWS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K
Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 164. Convolvulaceae

Robert E. Woodson, Jr.; Robert W. Schery; Daniel F. Austin
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 62, No. 1. (1975), pp. 157-224.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-6493%281975%2962%3A1%3C157%3AFOPPIF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K
The Ipomoea batatas Complex-I. Taxonomy

Daniel F. Austin
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 105, No. 2. (Apr. - Jun., 1978), pp. 114-129.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-9618%28197804%2F06%29105%3A2%3C114%3ATIBCT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T
An Infrageneric Classification for Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae)

Daniel F. Austin
Taxon, Vol. 28, No. 4. (Aug., 1979), pp. 359-361.
Stable URL:
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Additional Comments on Infrageneric Taxa in Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae)

Daniel F. Austin
Taxon, Vol. 29, No. 4. (Aug., 1980), pp. 501-502.
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A Revision of the Neotropical Species of Turbina Raf. (Convolvulaceae)

Daniel F. Austin; George W. Staples
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 118, No. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 1991), pp. 265-280.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-9618%28199107%2F09%29118%3A3%3C265%3AAROTNS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9
A New Species of Ipomoea Section Quamoclit (Convolvulaceae) from the Caribbean and a
New Combination for a Mexican Species
James E. Eckenwalder
Brittonia, Vol. 41, No. 1. (Jan. - Mar., 1989), pp. 75-79.
Stable URL:
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A New Species of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) from Southwestern Mexico

Andrew McDonald
Brittonia, Vol. 34, No. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 1982), pp. 336-338.
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Three New Species of Convolvulaceae from Northeast Mexico

J. Andrew McDonald
Brittonia, Vol. 39, No. 1. (Jan. - Mar., 1987), pp. 106-111.
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Neotypification of Ipomoea jalapa (Convolvulaceae)

J. Andrew McDonald
Stable URL:
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Changes and Additions in Ipomoea Section Batatas (Convolvulaceae)

J. Andrew McDonald; Daniel F. Austin
Brittonia, Vol. 42, No. 2. (Apr. - Jun., 1990), pp. 116-120.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0007-196X%28199004%2F06%2942%3A2%3C116%3ACAAIIS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4
Studies in Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) I. The Arborescens Group

Gordon McPherson
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 68, No. 4. (1981), pp. 527-545.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-6493%281981%2968%3A4%3C527%3ASII%28IT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1
Typification of the Subdivisions of Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) with Particular Regard to the

East African Species
B. Verdcourt
Taxon, Vol. 6, No. 5. (Jun., 1957), pp. 150-152.
Stable URL:
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(Austin & Huaman, 1996) A Synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in The Americas

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A Synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas

Daniel F. Austin; Zsimo Human

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

TAXON45 - FEBRUARY 1996

Place- ~a m m I ~ ~A < YJ J z- ~ oI ~~>> UIoO~ ~x o z~ > ~~- em~

I. bahiensis Roem. & Schult.

I.batatas (L.) Lam.

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I. carnea Jacq. subsp. carnea

- subsp. fistulosa (Choisy)

I.chenopodiifolia (M. Martens &

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I. grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell

I.heterodoxa Standl. & Steyerm.

I.funis Schltdl & Cham.

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I.jalapa (L.) Pursh

I.leucotricha Donn. Sm.

I. jamaicensis (Spreng.) G. Don

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I. murucoides Roem. & Schult.

I.nationis (Hook.) Nichols

I.nil (L.) Roth

I.obscura (L.) Ker Gawl.

I. ochracea (Lindl.) G. Don

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I.phyllomega (Vell.) House

I. platensis Ker Gawl.

- var. cupulata J. A. McDonald

I. purga (Wender.) Hayne

I. purpurea (L.) Roth

I. shumardiana (Torr.) Torr.

- var. lemmonii (A. Gray) Yatsk. &

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

the 'Microsticta' group is I. ser. Eriospennum. There seems to be no reason to keep I.

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

ser. Bombycospermum (C. Presl) D. F. Austin (1 species) [ErErBo]

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

1991a. Annotated checklist of Arizona Convolvulaceae. Sida 14: 443-457.

- 1991b. Ipomoea littoralis (Convolvulaceae): taxonomy, distribution and ethnobotany.

Econ. Bot. 45: 251-256.

Emilio Goeldi, 36.

vulaceae) en el Peni. Bol. Lima 47: 91-96.

species. Econ. Bot. 45: 435.

(PA). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi, N.S., Bot. 4: 187-194.

TAXON45 - FEBRUARY 1996

- 1989. Neotypification of Ipomoea jalapa (Convolvulaceae). Taxon 38: 135-138.

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

Appendix: Zpomoea synonyms and unverified names

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I. angulata Lam. = I. hederifolia

TAXON 45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I. austinsmithii Standl. = I. aristolochiifolia

I, bonariensis subvar. integrifolia Hallier f. = I. bonariensis

I. bonariensis subvar. triloba Hallier f. = I. bonariensis

I. bonariensis f. cordata Hassl. = I. bonariensis

I. bonariensis f. glabrata Hassl. = I. bonariensi

I. bonariensis f. intermedia Hassl. = I. bonariensis

I. bonariensis f. lobata Hassl. = ?

TAXON45 - FEBRUARY 1996

I. bonariensis f. trichosepala Hassl. = ?