2-4 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD I PDF

DAE Mechanical Technology
1st Year
2011-2012
Basic Engineering Drawing &

CAD-I
(MT-163)
1. Lesson Plans
2. Operation Sheets
NAVTTC / TEVTA/ JICA
December 2011
This TLM has been developed in the "Project for Development of Center of Excellence of Technical Education", on
Mechanical Technology at Government College of Technology Railway Road (GCT RR), by a collaboration work among
National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), Punjab Technical Education and Vocational Training
Authority (TEVTA) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

CAD-I
MT-163
LESSON PLANS
Table of Contents
Application of Technical Drawing
Drafting equipments, construction, use and care
Types of Lines
10
Lettering
12
Drafting Geometry
14
Drafting Geometry
16
Sketching and Shape Description
18
Engineering Curves
20
Introduction to Multi view drawing
22
Introduction to Multi-view Projection
24
26
28
Introduction to Pictorial Drawing
30
32
Introduction to Pictorial drawing
34
Introduction to Pictorial drawing
36
Basic Dimensioning
38
Basic Dimensioning
40
Introduction to the Development
42
Introduction to the Development
44
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description)
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:

Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1
01(A)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Know the graphic/Universal Language and its types.

2. Describe the communication levels.
3. Describe the role of Inventor, Engineer
Designer, Technician, and Craftsman.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1.
2.
3.
4.
Expected Entry behaviors
Describe the Engineering Team

Describe the Engineering Design Terms
Describe the Communication Methods
Describe uses of Drawing in the
manufacturing of construction field
Time
allocated
SSC, General Information About Sketching

& Drawing
TOPICS, NOTES (Brief)

with teacher students activities
Key points/Reminders/Sketch
Teaching Aids/Evaluation
INTRODUCTION Graphic/universal language

1.1 Impotence of Technical Drawing
Drawing is a method to describe

with lines without words.
Imagination:
Someone has said a picture is

worth 10,000 words
The carvings on the ancient temples
of Egypt serve to tell a story a
story without words.
It is the graphic language.
Mother of Engineering.
Language of Industry/universal
language.
What do you think
You will need for a better life style in this century.

What kind of house will you need?
What kind of car will you drive?
What magic will your computer?
If you stretch your imagination you can start thinking
about how things will be designed in the future.
All designs need creative imagination.
Communication:
Gift of creative imagination is more

important than all technology.
Technology is the result of creative
researchers, Engineers and Designers
thinking about what will be needed
tomorrow and beyond.
Idea How you can tell to others.
Talk, write or draw a picture.
9/2
Time
allocated

Vee Block (example)
Figure
Innovation:
Example of wheel
Wheels make it possible for animals to move greater
loads.
Communication levels.
Level one :-
Ref. (19---23/2)
(Creative communication.)
Level two:-
(Technical communication
In industry design ideas communicated

through special kind of technical drawing
process called drafting.
To show his description and size,
specification, it is easy to describe
through drawing than written description.
Imagination & communication lead to
innovation.
One new Product leads to the
development of others.
Such products are called spin-offs.
Gear, cam, rotating shafts Propellers

and turbine engines have the
modification of wheel.
Begins idea in the mind of Engineer or

designer.
Birth of idea, sketch the 1st concept.
Designer and Engineer gives a sketch

to other members of design team.
Change the original design to make
it more practical.
Design refined or improved through
the ideas of several peoples.
Especially useful in Architecture

(Perspective)
Clients evaluate design for style form &
function.
Level three:(Market communication)

Design for a client/customer.
Level four:(Construction communication)

Includes all the detail needed for manufacturing
or construction.
These drawing must be complete so that

the estimators can figure the exact cost of
a Project.
Factory Superintendent can know
exactly how a product is to be made.
People who use the drawings should not
have to guess about details or ask
questions.
Inventor is a creator who gives the idea.

Engr. sees its technical physibility and
specification.
1.2 Language of Engineering Terminology

2
Role of Engineering Team
Ref.(16,17/2)
Designer design it properly, how its work

etc.
Technician manufactures it in different
levels.
Craftsman is a most important person
which gives the shape initially how it
looks etc.
Inventor
Engineer
Designer
Technician
Craftsman
Engineering Design Terms 2/1
Drawing is universal graphic language

used by Engineering design team all over
the world.
Must be familiar with these terms
Drafting
Refer to all the following types of

communication.
(common)
Tools & technologies used by designers,

drafters and engineers to develop the
items for new products into useable
technical drawing.
Drafting Technology.
Technical Drawing
Technical Sketching
Broad terms which expresses

technical ideas including sketches,
Mechanical drawing Charts and
illustrations.
Free hand technical drawing
Communicate the shape of idea to
others.
A technical drawing made with drafting

instruments.
Mechanical Drawing
A mechanical drawing used by the

Engineering team to describe the
production of a part, its shape, size and
its material.
Engineering Drawing
Engineering Graphic
Graphic illustration/drawing that

represents physical objects used in
Engineering and science.
Descriptive Geometry
A method for solving special and

graphical problems using precise
geometric descriptions.
CAD and Drafting CAD.
Interactive design tool used to produce

design ideas and technical drawing using
computer Hard ware and Soft ware.
Most commonly used to mean
Computer Aided Drafting /Design.
CAD
Basic Drafting
Role of Engineer, Designer & Drafter is a form of hub
of Engineering Process.
A beginning course in the basic language

of graphics which acquaints the students
with basic processes, activities and skill
for advanced work.
Everything revolves around the Engineer and his

team.
Communication method
Many problems arise due to lack of understanding of
what people say & what people think.
4
Most important form

Verbal communication, base (sound and
words)
Graphic communication base (lines and

symbols)
Example of questioning, talking
Poor communication
Its a basic need
Basic skill of all peoples.
Many people besides these involved with
manufacturing and building need to know
and use the graphic language.
They include service and maintenance
workers, Sales people, consumers etc.
should know the graphic language.
1.3 Uses of Technical Drawing
Explain from idea to drawing sketch etc.

Every type of drawing used in
construction
In manufacturing field
Construction field
Testing & Follow Up: -
(to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)

Show the picture/drawing & ask about that.
Special Assignment: -
(Usually home work)

Collect the leaflet, Brushers, Drawing Pictures & name the use and field.
Tools Material & Aids:Transparencies, Models, Charts, Multimedia
Reference: -
(Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan
Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen
page 15 to 46
page59 to 84
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:

01(B)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Type of Drawing

2. Common drawing forms
3. Application of Technical drawing.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe free hand & Instrumental drawing.

2. Explain Multi view, Pictorial and Schematic
drawing.
3. Differentiate and illustrate different forms.
4. Recognize the different application of Technical
Drawing.
Time
allocated

SSC, Concept of drawing,Drawing Forms,
communication methods. Uses of
technical drawing
TOPICS,NOTES (Brief)
With teacher student activities
Method of expression
(Type of drawing)
I.
II.
Without instruments.
With instruments
Free hand
Instrumental
1.4 Forms of Instrumental Drawing

a) Orthographic drawing
b) Pictorial drawing
c) System /Schematic drawing
Show charts
Circuit diagram
Maps
Block diagram
Pictorial diagram
a) Orthographic drawing
Working drawing
1. Detail drawing
2. Assembly drawing
2.1 Sub-Assembly drawing
b) Pictorial drawing
c) System drawing (Not drawn to scale)

Used to show flow of activity, energy or
6
Axonometric
Oblique
Perspective
work.
Common drawing forms.

Electrical drawing may be classified into
the following
i.
Schematic diagram
ii.
Wiring diagram
iii.
Block diagram
iv.
Pictorial diagram
v.
Drawing symbols
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Engineering drafting
Tooling
Industrial design
Technical Illustration
Electrical /Electronic drafting
Architectural drafting
Civil drafting
Topographical drafting
Describe different fields where

drawing is used.
1.4 Application of Technical Drawing

Ask questions from students?
___________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

Collect the pictures of different drawing forms and identify these pictures.
____________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:Transparencies, chart. OHP, Multimedia, white board and markers etc.
Reference: -

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan
Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen
page 15 to 46
page59 to 84
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Drafting equipments, construction, use and care

02__
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1.
2.
3.
4.
Care for drafting equipments properly.

Identify different drafting equipments by their name.
Select the proper drafting equipments for drawing.
Develop the ability to use the drafting equipments.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain the introduction and importance of good

quality Instruments
2. Describe the construction, use and care of all
equipments.
3. Know the proper use of instrument Box and its
accessories.
4. Explain use of pencil, their grading, sharpening
techniques and scales
Time
allocated
5

SSC, previous topic, Drawing uses and
application of technical drawing

Showing Actual Instruments
Briefing about previous Topic
Asking the questions
1. How to make a sketch?
2. How you can handle the drawing
equipments.
Motivation
List of Drawing Instruments

1.
2.
3.
4.
-Drawing Board/Table/Machine
-Technical Square(30,60,90)(45,45,90)
-Set Square(Triangle)
-Instrument Box
I. Compass, Bow, Beam compass
II. Divider, Small Bow Divider
Size , use, quality of manufacturing

Fixed/Flexible, wooden, celluloid etc.
Both type of scales large, medium.
To draw circles, curves,
To divide line, transfer distance, measure
the line
to draw the large circle diameter
Detachable
For inking
Alternate needles and lead
Locking the screws of instruments.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Lengthening attachment
Attachments(Needle, Lead)
Ruling Pen
Box for needles and Leads
VII. Screw driver
Time
allocated

01
5- Eraser/Cleaner/Rubber/Machine
Soft rubber
01
6- Sharpener (Small, Large)
Sharpening machine.
01
7- Protractor (Round, Semi Circle)
For making angles
04
8- Pencils(H-9H, B-6B,HB,F)
Wooden case, Metal or Plastic case.
04
9- Scale Metric, decimal, Architecture

Shapes(Triangular, R.T, Flat, Opposite bevel,4B)
Civil Engg. Scale, Mechanical Engg.Scale.

Size, Metric, Inches, Role, Sheets.
04
10- Drawing paper Quality of Paper
01
11- Drafting tape (Paper, Scotch)
01
12- Dusting Brush.
02
13- Drafting Media (Reproduction)
Drawing Paper, Tracing Cloth ,Paper(vellum)
01
14-Lettering device
Film (Polyester Plastics)
01
15-Adjustable Curves
01
16-Templates. (variety)
01
17- French curves or irregulars revisions.

How should drafting equipments to be stored.
Asking the name & use of different equipments?
(Usually home work)

Sketch the drawing instruments with parts name.
Paste the photo of drawing equipments.
Tools Material & Aids:Real Drawing equipments, Transparencies, Charts, Multimedia.
Reference: -

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan Page 15-43
Mechanical Drawing by French, Sevensen
Page 59-84
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Types of Lines
03_
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Importance of Lines, and Basic lines.

2. Common types of lines.
3. Uses and correct line weight age.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Identify the point line & Basic lines

2. State the line characteristics
3. Describe uses of each line with correct
weight and pencil grade.
4. Describe the objectives in drafting.
Time
allocated
5
SSC, Previous topics, Drawing

classification, sketching and ideas.

Motivation & Introduction
Communication methods.
Point.
Lines
25
Examples of drawing & sketching.

Lines convey the idea & thought.
International Conveying method.
Straight & curved lines.
- Horizontal, vertical, inclined
- Parallel & converging lines.
(Graphic representation)
3.1 Types of Basic/Straight lines.

3.2 Importance of Lines
Show the transparencies & Drawings on

Multimedia.
3.3 Types of lines.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Border line
Construction line
Object line.
Hidden line
Dimension &Extension line
Centre line
Cutting plane line
Section lines.
Break line
a. Short Break line
b. Long Break line.
3.4 Proper weight age.

3.5 Grading of pencil
3.6 Application of lines.
10
Time
allocated

10- Ditto line
Used to show alternative position of the part
11-Leader
To lead the part identification
10
12-Arrow Head
Application
Showing a complete drawing

With application of lines. proper weight
and grade of pencil
10
3.7 Objective in Drafting

Accuracy
Make it habit.
Slow drafters are not accepted
Speed
Very much necessary.
Legibility
Good quality required.
Neatness
Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)
Ask questions about types of lines, their proper use in Engineering Drawing.
Objective in drafting also.
(Usually home work)

Give them an assignment to identify the drawing lines from the given drawing.
________________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:Charts, Drawing, Multimedia, Projector

Few drawing in which application of drawing shows.
Reference: -

1. Engineering drawing by Colin Simmons, Dennis Maguire
Page (36-38)
2. Technical drawing by Frederick E-Giesecke, Alva, Henry, Ivan Page (21,22,23)
11
LESSON PLAN
Lettering
__
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
04
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Importance of good lettering

2. Requirements and General Proportions of Lettering
3. Classification and Styles of Letting
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe and identify the composition of letter

Previous topics, Lines and Drawing
Describe the guide lines, strokes and types of lettering.
concept and lettering importance
State the lettering styles and holding the pencil techniques.
Describe and use of different lettering devices.
Describe the principles of a good lettering.
Time
allocated

05
Lettering Introduction + Motivations.
i) Pen friendship.
ii) Drawing without text.(Lettering &
dimensions)
iii) Fully description with lettering.
05
-Instrumental lettering Takes time, be avoid.

- Free hand lettering careful and continuous
practice.
10
4.1 Importance of good lettering
Looks beautiful, Legible.
Principles of good Lettering
Shapes, Size, Slope, Spacing

Style, weight.
In normal or compressed, Extended(Light
face, Bold face) vary thickness of stems or
stroke
i) Best spacing between letters and
words
ii) Size and stroke of a letter.
05
4.2 General Proportions of Lettering
10
4.3 Composition of letters and numerals.
05
4.4 Guide lines.
Light /thin lines to maintain the height of

letter.
20
4.5 Classification of Lettering styles.
Gothic lettering Commercial Gothic.

Roman lettering- old + Modern Roman.
Italic lettering
Text letters
free hand lettering.
4.5.1 Stroke
i) Single stroke
ii) Double stroke
12
Time
allocated

Further Divided into

Light Face Lettering
Bold Face Lettering
Upper Case Lettering
Lower Case Lettering
05
05
05
05
05
Composed two Simple elements

i) Stem (Straight line, H,V, Inclined
made
with single downward)
ii) Oval (made with one or two stroke
of pencil)
Perfect Ellipse with a well determined
ratio between its major & miner axis
i)
Vertical 90o
ii) Inclined 67o
Elements of Letters
4.6 Style of Letter

i)
ii)
Six fundamental rules
Pencils for Lettering and holding techniques

General Rules for Lettering
Shape
Size
Slope
Spacing
Style
Weight
Same shape, one composition.

All Letters should have same size.
All Letters should have same slope.
b/w letters should compact and
uniform b/w words
Upper and lower case should not mix
Weight of stroke should be same
through the composition.
4.7 Lettering devices such as guide and

lettering instruments

Asking the question, Give the test Quiz attach here with.
(Usually home work)

Select & collect different letters & identify the names of lettering.
Tools Material & Aids:Lettering templates, Leroy set charts of lettering styles.
Multimedia which screen/ board, transparencies.
Reference: -

1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy
84-99
2. Mechanical Drawing by French
27-33
3. Technical drawing by Frederick
13
LESSON PLAN
Drafting Geometry ______
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
05(A)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Introduction to Geometry, Plane and solid Types

2. Define the terms and different conventional shapes, surfaces.
3. Basic Geometrical Construction
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Define the concept of common terms

used in Geometric Construction.
2. Explain different geometrical shapes,
surfaces of objects.
3. Bisecting a line ,angles
4. Describe different Geometrical
Construction
Time
allocated

SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and
geometrical shapes.

-Motivation
5.1 Introduction to Geometry

Used in ancient times for measuring land and
making right angle corners for buildings and others
kind of constructions.
Asking the Question about

Star, figures. Square etc
Always been important to people.
. Example of Egyptian rope stretchers
Geometry =Study of the sized and shape of things
The relationship of straight and curved lines

in drawing shapes is also a part of geometry.
Plane shape
Solid shape.
Geometric figures used in drafting.
Circle, Square, Triangle, Hexagon etc.
Geometric construction
Used by Drafters, Surveyors, Engineers,
Architectures, Scientists, Mathematicians and
Designers.
Drawing made of individual lines and points

drawn in proper relationship to one another
are known as geometric construction.
Point, line, parallel, perpendicular,

converging, curve, plane figure. solids, Right,
oblique (inclined)
Two dimensional and three dimensional.
Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons, Circle show
figures.
Common terms used in Geometric

Construction
5.2 Different Geometrical shapes, Surfaces of

object
(Use transparency.)
14
Time
allocated

5.3 Bisecting a Line and Angle.

5.4 Basic Geometrical constructions.
Angle
Opening space between two lines which

ends meet
ii) Triangle
End point of three lines if join together.
End points of 4 lines.
End points of 5 or more than 5 meet.
i)
iii) Quadrilateral
iv) Polygons
A curved line which has equal distance from a fixed

point called circle.
v) Circle
Discuss parts of a circle
( Show chart )
Centre, Radius, Diameter, Chord, Arc

Semi circle, Quadrant, Circumference,
Sector, Segment.

Asking the questions about Geometry & its shapes.
(Usually home work)

Make a free hand sketch of each Geometric figures and also paste
the geometrical solids._______________________________
Tools Material & Aids:Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board,
Marker 4 color.___________________________________
Reference: -

1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy, Schewendauu page 57 - 82
2. Mechanical Drawing by French Svensen page 101 - 119
3. Technical drawing by Frederick, Alva, Henry, Ivan page 89 100
15
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Drafting Geometry
05(B)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Define the different Geometrical Shapes

2. Describe Angle and its types.
3. Describe Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons & circle elements.
2.
3.
4.
Identify the different geometrical figures

Explain Angle, Triangle, Quadrilateral
Explain Polygons & their Types
Explain circle element & describe the
procedure of drawing of Fig.
Time
allocated

SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and
geometrical shape

Geometric Construction
Angle:
Types of Angles:
Triangle:
Types of Triangles:
Show charts
Quadrilateral:
Types of Quadrilateral:
16
Time
allocated

Polygons:
Kinds of Polygons:
Circle Elements (Terminology):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon
Center
Circumference
Radius
Diameter
Sector
Quadrant
Segment
Arc
Cord
Semi circle

Asking the Question? Give them a test(Attached)
(Usually home work)
show charts
Draw the rough sketch of different Geometric figures.
Tools Material & Aids:Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board, Marker 4
color._____________________________________________
Reference: -

1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy
17
LESSON PLAN
Sketching and Shape Description _
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:-
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
06
1. Explain the importance of Free hand sketching

and layout of a free hand sketch in correct manner.
2. Introduction to Sketching Techniques.
3. Sketching techniques of straight lines in different directions.
4. Sketching Circles, Arcs, Ellipse, Pictorial & Multi views.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe sketching material and techniques.

2. Describe circular arc using circular line method
and Square method
3. Describe an Ellipse using rectangular method
4. Describe Sketching Pictorial views and
Proportions in view sketching
Time
allocated

Drawing concept, Instruments and idea of free
hand sketching.
Motivation + Introduction
6.1
Key points/Reminders/Sketch Teaching

Aids/Evaluation
Ask Questions.
1- Simplest form of drawing.
2- Quickest ways to express ideas.
Introduction
Designers, Drafters. Technicians,
Engineers & Architects often explain.
Complicated or unclear thoughts with
a free hand sketch.
Ideas imagined in the mind can be
caught in sketch and thus hold in
simple lines for further study.
Language of sketching has four basic visual

symbols (things that can be seen)
Importance/Reasons for sketching
These are a point, a line, a plane and a

texture(surface quality)
1. To persuade people that an idea is a good.

2. To develop a refined sketch of a proposed
solution to a problem.
3. To clarify a complicated detail.
4. To give design ideas to drafters.
5. To develop a series of ideas for refining a
new Product.
6. To develop and analyze the best method.
7. Need to repair a part that breaks over.
8. To show many ways to solve the problem.
9. 9. To spend less time in drawing quicker to
make a sketch
Most important points for sketching

26/2
18
Time
allocated
Sketching materials.
Pencil, paper, eraser ( For ready use)
Pencil Points Page 130/3

Use HB, F, Pencil
Sharpen it to a conical point use for

centre, dimension & Extension line.
Round of the point slightly to produce
the desired thickness of line for visible,
hidden and C.P line.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sharp and Black

Medium and Black
Slightly dull and Black.
Very dull and light.
Types of Sketches
Rough Sketch
Refined Sketch
Temporary Sketch
Permanent Sketch
circle and Arcs ( 42/2, 110/1, 131/3)

Ellipse (111/1, 133/3)
Pictorial views.
Proportions in Sketching of views.
Use of thin lead mechanical pencil with

suitable diameter and grade of lead
minimizes the need for sharpening and
point dressing.
Make all line dark.
Very light with light pressure
Circular line method
33,34/2
6.2 Sketching techniques of H.V. and

inclined lines.
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
Enlargement and reduction.

(113/1) (43/2, 112/1)

Ask questions about sketching reason material & techniques.
___________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

Give assignment of a sketching of pictorial & multi view circular object_
Tools Material & Aids:Charts, Multimedia, White board and markers, Sketching Material
Reference: -
___________________________________________________________
1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page 109 -113
page 26,33,34,42,43
page 130 -133
19
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Engineering Curves___
07
2.
3.
4.
Introduction to the Curves

Application of Engineering Curves
Conic Sections, Spiral, Involutes & cycloid
Know how G fig. produced by section of a cone
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the different Engineering Curves

and their application.
2. Define Cone and Conic Sections.
3. Define Archimedean, Spiral and involutes.
4. Describe the Cycloidial curves.
Time
allocated

SSC, Previous Topic, Lines, Curves,
Geometric shapes

Motivation
7.1 Introduction of a curve.
Motion of Train, Car, (Peing )etc

Uses:
In constructions of Arches, Reflectors of light
and sound, space antenna & other
engineering works.
7.2 Different Engineering Curves & their

application.
Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Spiral &

involutes, Helix, Cycloidial curves.
How can obtained these curves
1- Cut the cone parallel to the base.
2- Cut the cone with greater angle to the
axis.
3- Cut the cone parallel to its element.
4- Cut the cone parallel to its axis.
7.3 Cone and Conic Sections.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Circle
Ellipse
Parabola
Hyperbola
Spiral: - It is a locus of a point which moves

continuously along a line rotates about its
one end.
Involutes: - The unwind curve generated by

a point which rolls on a circumference of a
circle on the straight line is called Involutes.
20
Time
allocated

7.4 Archimedean Spiral
Use Toys, Clocks, Cams
117/3
7.4.1 Involutes of a
Square, Triangle, Hexagon, Circle.
7.5 Cycloidial Curves.
118/3
119/3, 120/3
Cycloid, the curve traced out by a point on

the circumference of a circle which rolls along
a straight line.
Cycloid
Epicycloids
Hypocycloid.
Epicycloids, the curve traced out by a point

on the circumference of a circle which rolls
along another circle outside it.
Hypocycloid, when a circle rolls along

another circle inside it, the curve is called
hypocycloid.
Helix: - The curve traced out by a point, which
moves around and along the circumference of a
cylinder with uniform velocity.
Around the cylinder (R.H and L.H)

Around the cone (R.H and L.H)

Ask the questions.
(Usually home work)

Drawing of Engineering Curves.
Tools Material & Aids:Multimedia, charts, White board and markers, Toys , spring
Reference: -

Technical Drawing by Frederick page 109 -120, 3A page 64 -69
21
LESSON PLAN
Introduction to Multi view drawing __
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
08(A)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Introduction to the plane and its types.

2. Dihedral and Trihedral angles.
3. Theory of Projections.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the plane & its type.

2. Define Dihedral and Trihedral angles.
3. Explain theory of Projection, Projection of
points lines
4. Explain projection of plane and solids.
Time
allocated

SSC, Drawing Concept Its Importance and
views concepts.

05
Motivation & Introduction.
10
8.1 Introduction of Plane
A surface which has length and width only.
Horizontal: Parallel to the ground.

Vertical: Perpendicular to the H.P.
Profile: Perpendicular to H.P. & V.P.
Auxiliary/Inclined: Which is at any angle
of except 90 & 180
8.2 Dihedral angle
Two planes intersect each other at right

angle (H.P. & V.P.)
Trihedral angle
Three planes intersect each other at right

angle (H.P. & V.P.)
Types of Plane
15
22
Time
allocated
10

8.3 Projection:
Projection of a point
Projection of a line
10
Any kind of representation of an object

on a paper, screen or similar surface by
drawing or by photography is called the
projection of that object.
If different straight lines are drawn from

the various points on the contour of an
object to meet a plane the figure, thus,
formed by joining these points in correct
sequence is called the projection of that
object.
167/3
167/3
Projection of a plane.
Projection of Solids
Cube, Prism, Cylinder, Cone, Pyramid,

Simple objects etc
Simple block in a Quadrant show figure

Example of film movie

Question on line & plane figure to determine the projections on
Principal planes.
(Usually home work)
Tools Material & Aids:Charts, Model of Glass, Multimedia, OHP, Transparencies white board
And markers, wooden models
Reference: -

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162)
_____
Mechanical Drawing by French
Page (130-146)
_____
Technical Drawing By Frederick
page 155
_____
Machine Drawing by R. K Dhawan
page 2.1 2.16
_____
23
LESSON PLAN
Introduction to Multi-view Projection____
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
8(B)
2.
3.
4.
Multi view drawing concept.

Know & develop ability to understand the Basic Principle of orthographic Projection.
Identify and select the various views of an object.
Determine the number of various methods to describe the shape and size of an object.
2.
3.
4.
Define the concept of Multi view Drawing

Know the plane of Projections
Understand the relationship of views.
Describe the orthographic method of
projections.
Time
allocated
SSC, Drawing Concept its Importance and

views concepts.

8.4 Concept of Multi view Projection.

155/1, 130/2
The Prefix multi means that a member of views
is required to completely describe the object.
8.5 Planes of Projection
133/2
8.6 Orthographic methods of Projections.

Method of representing the exact form of an
object in two or more views on planes usually at
right angles to each other by lines drawn
perpendicular from the object to the planes.
24
An engineer who designs machines or products

must describe them completely and clearly so
that other people can make them.
Engineer/Architect makes a mental image of
object and then sketches its shape & size.
A Plane is an imaginary flat surface that has no
thickness. Orthographic projection involves the
use of three planes Vertical plane, H.P, P.P.
V.P. and H.P. divided space into 4 quadrants.
Ortho mean straight or at right angle.

Graphic mean written or drawn.
It is Latin words.
Pro-meaning forward and ejection meaning
to throw.
Orthographic Projection literally mean thrown
forward drawn at right angle.
Time
allocated
10

Relationship of views. 132/2

When the normal views are placed in proper
relationship to one another the result is a Multi
view drawing.
10
Views must be placed in proper relationship to

one another. Only in this way we can read
technical drawing properly. How these normal
views have been revolved (turned) into the
proper planes.
Principal views.
Glass method.
Six principal views.
Front, top, bottom, right side, left side,
And back or rear views.
Sometimes they are called normal views.
Views Selection.
Must select the number of views needed to
describe the object completely

_Questions
______________________________
(Usually home work)

Practice of making views from the given objects._______________
Tools Material & Aids:Glass box, Charts, Models, Multimedia, white board, markers
Reference: -

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162)
Page (130-146)
Technical Drawing by Frederick
page 155
25
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Introduction to Multi-view Projection__

8(C)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Identify and select the various views of an object.

2. Compare the 1st and 3rd angle projection system.
3. Describe the arrangements of principal views.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: st
1. Describe the difference between 1 . and

3rd. angle projection system.
2. Visualize the glass box concept and its
application.
3. Describe the principal views and its
arrangement.
4. Develop a multi view drawing following
the prescribed step by step process from
the initial idea to a finished drawing.
Time
allocated

same as previous

Introduction
1st. 2nd, 3rd, 4th & its revolution.
Concept of quadrant.
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.7 Concept of Projection.(1st. & 3rd. Angle)
Object to be projected
Plane of projection
Projections
Observer eyes or S.P.
Object placed in 1st Angle.

See 2.11/6
Object placed in 3rd angle.
Comparison between 1st & 3rd angle

projection Systems.
Show transparencies
26
Time
allocated

Symbols of 1st & 3rd angle projection system.

28/6
1st angle
3rd angle
8.8 Arrangements of Principal views.

2.14/6
Selection of views.
One view
Two view
Three view etc.
Proper selection of views is most important

in Orthographic.
Should select the least number of views for

clear & complete description of an object.
Unnecessary or poor chosen views should be

avoided.
2.12/6
Spacing of views
+ most important
-If only one view, it should be in centre.
2.13/6
st
rd
Placement of views in 1 and 3 angle projection

system.
More than one view space should be divided

into suitable rectangles.
-

Ask Question about the 1st. and 3rd. angle projection system
(Usually home work)

Make free hand sketches of Model placed in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th quadrant.
Tools Material & Aids:Model, Charts, Glass box, Multimedia, white Board, markers, OHP,
transparencies
Reference: -

__________________________________________________________
Machine Drawing by R.K. sDhawan pages indicated
27
LESSON PLAN
Introduction to Multi-view Projection _
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
8(D)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Make a multi view drawing.

2. Use different lines in making multi view drawing.
3. Understand the uses of Multi view drawing.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Select views that will best show the

object you are drawing.
2. Project information from one view to
an adjacent view
3. Understand the relationship of views.
4. Practice of Multi view projection and
missing lines.
Time
allocated

Projection Theory

Motivation + Introduction.
Engineer & Architect makes a mental image

of object.
8.9 Multi view drawing or Multi view projection.

Multi means a number of views required to
completely describe the object Projection
comes from the word project which mean to
throw forward.
Then sketches or draws several views to

accurately describe its shape & size.
Preliminary drawings to make final drawings

for use in manufacturing & construction.
The older, more technical name for the method is

orthographic projection. Ortho mean at right
angle and projection mean drawn.
155/1
To understand multi view drawing, consider

an object beyond a piece of glass. You look
at the object through the glass and view one
side at a time
You keep your line of sight perpendicular to the

glass.
28
Time
allocated

Each of these lines of sight passes through
the glass at a point.
Usually start from front view
o (most important detail in it)
Complicated object.
Glass Box method.
157/1
Principal views.
158/1
Views selection.
Then move at right angle (side view)

o Top
Show more than three views may be 4 or
five.
159/1
To describe completely the object we draw 3
views.
Select those views that show the object as
completely as possible.
Missing lines.
Six principal views.

Front, Top, Bottom, Right Side., Left Side and
back
Also called normal views.
Draw some view with messing line &

complete it with the help of isometric view
Ask Question___________________________________
(Usually home work)

Make a glass model and place wooden model and then draw the views.
Tools Material & Aids:White board, Markers, Charts, OHP, Transparencies, Models, etc.
Reference: -

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page ( 155 159 )
29
LESSON PLAN
_
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
9(A)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Uses of Pictorial Drawing.

2. State the Types of Pictorial Drawing
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the importance of Pictorial

Drawing
2. Describe the three types of Pictorial
Drawing
3. Explain Axonometric and oblique Drawing
4. Explain the Perspective Drawing
Time
allocated

SSC, Concept of Drawing,2-D, 3-D,
Sketching and shape Description

3 Dimensional Drawing in which everyone can
understand the object easily.
Pictorial Drawing:-
9.1 Importance /Uses
Quick Communication.
Easiness in assembling.
Unskilled worker understand also.
Help the untrained people to read multiview drawing understand basic shapes.
Help the craftsman to quick understanding.
It also enables the designer to visualize the
successive stages of the design and to
develop it in a satisfactory manner.
Inclined position of the object with respect to

plane of projection.
Since the principle edges and surfaces of the
object are inclined to the plane of projection.
9.2 Types of Pictorial Drawing:1. Axonometric Projection

2. Oblique Projection
3. Perspective Projection
30
Time
allocated

Types of Axonometric Projection:
1-Isometric (Commonly used) 3 axis equal

2-Di-metric (2 axis equal) (Not Commonly
used)
3-Trimetric (3 axis Different) (Not Commonly
used)
Ordinary Scale 450

Isometric scale 300 (Projection)
Isometric Circle
Isometric lettering
Non-Isometric Lines
Depth of an object is drawn at any angle 30, 45,

60.
Every object has three dimensions Width,
Height, Depth called axis.
Two axes are at right angle to each other.
3rd drawn at an angle.
Types of Oblique Projection

(Easiest Pictorial Drawing)
1. Cavalier Projection(Full scale)
2. Cabinet Projection(Half scale)
It more closely approximates the view obtained

by the human eye,
Geometrically an ordinary photograph is a
perspective .it is major important to the
Architect, Industrial Designer, illustrators etc.
Types of Perspective Projection

1. One point (Parallel)
2. Two point (Angular)
Ask Question showing Pictures/Drawing____________________
(Usually home work)

Collect the figures. Drawing as per today lecture
Tools Material & Aids:Multimedia, OHP. Charts, models, Transparencies, Whit Board, Markers
Reference: -

Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 127-143
Mechanical Drawing by French page 47-50
Technical Drawing by Frederick page 510 -572
31
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:

9(B)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1) Isometric Sketching of Rectangular Block, Arcs, Circles

2) Oblique Sketching of Rectangular Blocks
3) Make an Isometric and Oblique drawings
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1) Describe and make an isometric view

2) Describe Isometric and non- Isometric lines
3) Explain Oblique drawing and its types
4) Determine what types of object are best by
Isometric or Oblique
Time
allocated

05
9.3 Introduction to Pictorial Drawing:-
10
Isometric view:
10

Orthographic and Pictorial projection
Ask Questions about Types
Three faces of an object shows clearly in

one view called isometric drawing. 344/2
Isometric Scale : 80%
Isometric Lines/Surface 346/2, 512/3

Non- Isometric Lines/Surface
Isometric Circles and Curves:

347,348/2
How to create an isometric drawing.250/2
Dimensioning Techniques
Position of Isometric axis.
Axis intersects at an angle of 1200.

Three views are in planes located on three axes.
The surface that seems to be most important
will -determine the choice for the position of
the axis.
347-354/2 Fig.
32
Time
allocated

9.4 Oblique Projection & Oblique Drawing

356/2
Two axis are parallel to the Picture plane and

makes right angle with each other.
Types of Oblique Drawing:1. Cavalier Oblique (Normal Oblique )

2. Cabinet Oblique(Receding line 1/2)
548/3
Best way to draw an object is usually at the

angle from which it would normally be viewed.
Used in furniture industry
Oblique Circle/Curves
Graphical method
Show Transparencies
First draw circle in a box
142/1 , 359/2
Irregular objects in Oblique Drawing

141/1

Ask Question by showing Isometric, Oblique Drawing
(Usually home work)

Make sketches of each drawing___________________
Tools Material & Aids:Transparencies and same as previous_________________
Reference: -

1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy page 136-143
2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 356-360
3. Technical Drawing by Frederick Page 511-524,545-53
33
LESSON PLAN
Introduction to Pictorial drawing __
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
9(C)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Define the meaning of Pictorial drawing

2. Described the perspective view.
3. Explain the uses of perspective drawing.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the procedure of making

perspective drawing.
2. Explain the types of perspective drawing
3. Explain the terms used in Perspective
drawing.
4. Distinguish between one point & two
points perspective
Time
allocated

Isometric and Oblique Drawing
and its importance

Introduction.
15
9.5 Perspective Projection.

1. Actually appear to the eye.
2. Gives the best pictorial efforts.
3. Vertical lines remain vertical.
4. Two set of H.L. each converge towards a
point called Vanishing point.
5. Two Vanishing point lines on a Horizon line at
the level of eye.
Three dimensional representation of an

object as it looks to the eye from a particular
point.
All the pictorial, perspective drawing look

the most like Photographs.
The distinctive feature of Perspective
drawing is that in perspective, lines on the
receding planes that are actually parallel are
not drawn parallel as are isometric & oblique
drawing.
10
Terms used in perspective drawing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
34
Visual rays.
Picture plane.
Station point.
Horizon line.
Ground line
Vanishing points.
361/2
Time
allocated
20

Types of Perspective drawing.

9.5- One point or Parallel Perspective.
562/3
One Point Perspective.

362/2,
9.6- Two point or Angular Perspective.
If the subject is turned so that one face is

parallel to the Front Plane, the horizontal
Lines on that face or parallel to it remains
horizontal & have no vanishing point.
Two Point Perspective.
( Show charts and Transparencies )
When the subject is turned at an angle, the

drawing is to be angular or two point
perspective.

Asking the Question about large buildings, Plaza, Hospital.______
(Usually home work)

Free hand sketching of both
Tools Material & Aids:Chart model, Transparencies. White board
Reference: -

1. Mechanical Drawing by French page (362-367)
2. Technical Drawing by Frederick page (562-571)
35
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Introduction to Pictorial drawing_

9(D)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Preparation of Pictorial drawing of simple object

Isometric, Oblique and Perspective
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe/define various types of pictorial

drawing
2. Select and draw the most practical type of
pictorial for a specific purpose.
3. Construct irregular curves in pictorial
views.
Time
allocated

Multi view projection and Pictorial
projection

9.7 Preparation of pictorial drawings of

simple objects
Isometric view.
Box method.
36
Draw orthographic projection.
Give the dimensions a, b, c, d etc.
Make an isometric box as per dimension.
Transfer the distances from Orthographic

drawing to isometric box.
Project the axis till the meeting point.
Be sure that every meeting point has

complete axis of 1200 each direction.
Rub the extra line and highlight the actual

object.
Time
allocated

Oblique Sketching.
Make simple objects of oblique drawing

from the orthographic drawing at least 5.
Perspective Sketching.
Simple object with appropriate height.

Asking the question about pictorial types
__________
(Usually home work)

Sketch of each type of pictorial
__________________
Tools Material & Aids:Chart, model, Transparencies. White board, markers__________
Reference: -

Mechanical Drawing by French Page (362-367)
______
Technical Drawing by Frederick Page (562-571)
______
37
LESSON PLAN
Basic Dimensioning ____
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
10(A)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Define and explain what dimensioning means.

2. Differentiate between size and Location dimension.
3. Place dimension properly on drawings.
2.
3.
4.
Definition of dimensioning.
Identify the dimensioning types.
Enlist the elements of dimensioning.
Identify the system of measurements.
Time
allocated
SSC, Multi view Drawing, Concept of views

placement, Size description

Introduction.
10
Dimensioning gives information to the

cabinet maker, Carpenter, Machinist or
other people.
Multi view drawing shows geometric shapes

of the product & their relationships.
However drawing must also show the exact

size & relationship of those geometric
shapes in a precise & acceptable manner.
Show the size of the object.

Show the location of any part in the object.
Used to show the relative positions of the
basic shapes. Also used to locate holes,
surfaces and other feathers.
10.1 Dimensioning.
To give the size (L.W.H.) of an object is called
dimensioning (Shape & size description)
10
10.2 Types of Dimensioning.
168-171/2
1. Size dimension.
2. Location dimension.
It may be
I.
From centre to centre
II.
Centre to surface
III.
Surface to centre.
IV.
Surface to surface.
38
Time
allocated
10

10.3 Elements of Dimensioning.
20
192/1
Dimension line
Extension line.
Arrow heads.
Leader
Numerals & notes.
Finish mark.
Scale.
10.4 System of measurements to

Dimensioning.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Dimension is:1. Perpendicular to the dimension line. Read

from the bottom/Right hand.
2. Read only from the bottom of the sheet
same positioned.
3. Several dimension lines stagger the number.
4. Group of dimensions pertains to one
direction H, W or depth, on the same line.
5. One line assumes as a base/datum & all
dimensions placed such that small is first
then next big and so on.
6. Both size, decimal inch & mm. However
some industries use metric system also.
Aligned System
Unidirectional system.
Staggered dimensions
Group dimensions.
Base line/datum line dimensioning.
Dual dimension.
Give them task of Multi view drawing & ask the dimension placement.
(Usually home work)

Place the all type of dimensions.______________
_________
Tools Material & Aids:Multi view drawing of different parts. Charts, OHP _____________
Reference: -

Book 1: Page (190-201)
Book 2: Page (161-173) Book 3 page 309-332
39
LESSON PLAN
Basic Dimensioning ____
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
10(B)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Dimensioning of multi view drawing.

2. Dimensioning of Pictorial drawing.
3. Dimensioning rules and practices.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: -

Dimensioning Types and system
1. Explain and show how to place dimensions

correctly on drawing.
2. Explain how to dimension multi view drawing.
3. Explain how to dimension Pictorial views drawing.
4. Explain rules and practice and notes/speciation
Time
allocated
15
10.5 Dimensioning of Multi views drawing.
Show the Transparencies of each dimensioning

techniques.
40
Dimensioning of :1. Angle and chamfer

2. Tapers
3. Curves/Arcs/Contours
4. Geometric forms of a part.
5. Cylindrical parts.
6. Holes/circles/diameter/Radius
7. Tolerances
8. Use of finish marks.
9. Locating holes.
10. Mating Parts.
11. Shapes with rounded ends.
12. Fillets and Rounds.
Time
allocated
10
15

Show picture with dimensions.
10.6 Dimensioning Pictorial views.
1. D.L. should be spaced from view outline.

2. If use Aligned system, can be read properly.
3. On machine drawing dimension should be
given in decimals, inches or mm.
4. When all dimensions are in inches or mm the
symbol is generally omitted & adds a note,
All dimensions are in mm/inches.
5. Dont repeat the same dimension.
6. Do not give dimension that are not needed.
7. Place overall dimensions out side the smaller
dimensions.
8. Avoid placing dimensions in a shaded area.
9. Dont use a centre line of a view as a
dimension line.
10. Avoid crossing a dimension line with another
line.
11. Give the diameter of a circle, not the radius.
12. Use the abbreviation R/ before the
dimension.
13. Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines if
possible.
14. Extension line should not cross the other
extension lines.
10.7 Dimensioning Rules.

See 173-175/2,
340-342/3,
192-193/1
10
10.8 Notes & Specifications.

No hard & fast rules.
Ask question for dimensioning
(Usually home work)

Practice of dimensioning ___________
_____________
Tools Material & Aids:Multi view drawing of different parts ___________________
Reference: -

Book 1: Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy Page (202-222)
Book 2: Mechanical Drawing by French
Page (162-187)
Book 3: Technical Drawing
by Frederick page (312-341)
41
LESSON PLAN
Introduction to the Development __
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
11(A)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Define the surface development

2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging and
sheet metal Industry
3. Methods to draw the Development
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: -

Concept of solids and Geometric curves
1. Define surface Development

2. Explain the role of Development in
Packaging & sheet metal Industry
3. Describe the Methods to draw the
Development
4. Distinguish Parallel line, Radial line,
Triangulation Method
Time
allocated

11.1 Surface Development :It is also called stretch outs or development
Full size layout of an object made on a single

flat plane called surface Development.
11.2 Role/Uses.
Important Part of Industrial drafting.
Pipes ,ducts, part of buildings, air
crafts ,automobiles, storage tanks, cabinets,
Boxes , cartons Frozen Food Packages and
countless other items are designed using
surface development.
Surface:-
11.3
i.
ii.
iii.
A surface is a geometric magnitude having two

dimensions.(L,W).
It may be generated by a line called
generatix of the surfaces.
Any position of the generatix is an element
of the surface.
Methods to draw the Development:Parallel line (Rectangular method)

Radial line (Triangular method )
Triangulation method
Parallel line development is simple way of

making a pattern by drawing the edges of an
object as parallel lines.
Example: Cylinder, Prism.
11.3.1)Parallel line development :Example: cylinder, prism.
In the patterns for prisms & cylinders, the

stretch out line is straight and the measuring
11.3.2)Radial line development :42
Example :Cone , Pyramid
lines (vertical construction lines) are

perpendicular to it and parallel to each other.
On cones & pyramids however the edges are
not parallel.
Example: Cone .Pyramids.
11.3.3)Triangulation:(Diving a surface into a number of Triangles and

transferring them to the development)
Example: Oblique Pyramid and Oblique cone.
Triangulation is a method used for making

approximate developments of surfaces that
cant be developed exactly.
It involves dividing the surface into triangles.

Ask questions about Development & Packing industry_____
(Usually home work)

Make the development & models of different solids________
Tools Material & Aids:__________________________________________________
Reference: -

page 497-514
Technical drawing by Frederick
page 585-596
43
LESSON PLAN
Introduction to the Development __
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
11(B)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Define the surface development

2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging
and sheet metal Industry
3. Methods to draw the Development
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Define surface Development

2. Explain the role of Development in
Packaging and sheet metal Industry.
3. Describe the Methods to draw the
Development.
4. Distinguish Parallel line Radial line
Triangulation Method.
Time
allocated

Concept of Geometric curves and solids

Solids bounded by plane surfaces are G .S
11.4 Geometrical solids

Three dimensional geometrical figures are
called solids.
1. Cone
2. Cylinder
3. Prism
4. Pyramid
Cone, is generated by a straight line called the

generatix, moving in contact with a curved line
and passing through a fix point, the vertex of
the cone. Each position of the generatix is an
element of the cone.
Cylinder is generated by a straight line, called
generatix, moving in contact with a curved line
and always remaining parallel to its previous
position or to the axis. Each position of the
generatix is called an element of the cylinder.
Prism, Solids made by principal line-having top
and base in same shape and size called prism.
OR
Solids bounded by plane surfaces called Prism.
Pyramid, is a polygon for a base and triangular

lateral faces intersecting at a common point
called vertex.
If the axis is perpendicular to the base it is called
right pyramid otherwise it is an oblique
pyramid.
44

Ask questions about Development & Packing industry __________
(Usually home work)

Make the development & models of different solids ____________
Tools Material & Aids:__________________________________________________
Reference: -

page 497-514
Technical drawing by Frederick
page 585-596
45
Basic Engineering Drawing & CAD-I

MT-163
OPERATION SHEETS
Table of Contents
Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet
Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet
Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering
Double Stroke Lettering
Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines
11
Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii
13
Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines
15
Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle
17
Construction of Angles and Triangles
20
Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements
22
Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line
26
Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square, Triangle and Hexagon
29
Construction of Pentagon by different methods
31
Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods
35
Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside)
38
Construction of Ellipse by four different methods
41
Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods
44
Construction of Hyperbola Curve
47
Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve
50
Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle
52
Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid
55
Different types of drawing lines
57
Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1
63
Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1
65
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B
67
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B
69
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B
71
Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B
73
Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1
75
Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing II
79
Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing I
82
Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing II
85
Construction of One Point Perspective
87
Construction of Two Point Perspective
89
Construction of Multi view drawing of Gland for stuffing box.
91
Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing
93
Missing Lines and Portion on given views 1
95
Missing Lines and Portion on given views II
97
Development of Prism I
99
Development of Hexagonal Prism II
101
Development of Cylinder
103
Development of Cone
105
Development of Pyramid 1 & 2
107
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1

Operation:
Subject: -
Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet.

MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1
Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to
Name: Amjad Elahi

Technology Mechanical
Time
150 min___
Date:
_________
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Draw the border line and title strip.

Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet.
Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes.
Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke.
Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters and numerals.
Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a
drawing is known as lettering. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform & properly spaced.
Vertical single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 90 degree without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed
with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6. Etc
Materials:: Graph sheet ,quarter imperial size (15 x 10 or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser
and drawing tape.
Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, Tee-square. Set- square, and pencil, sharpener.
Steps/Procedure/method
Key points
PROCEDURE:
1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table
keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the board.
2. Draw borderline with H pencil. Leave ten squares on
left and five squares on the other sides.
3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with
borderline leaving eight squares.
4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the
borderlines.
5. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in single
stroke vertical gothic style in the height of six
squares and width of four squares or as instructed by
teacher.
6. Make a title at the lower base with the eight of two
squares and a gape of one square.
7. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing sheet
with border line & title strip and print the letters &
numerals as instructed by the teacher.
Writing is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean.
Letters should be in single stroke and properly dark.
Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly.
Do not use scale for lettering.
Follow the instructional material.
Special Assignment: Write vertical lettering as per instructions.

Drawing / Diagram / Sketch
2
References:
OPERATION SHEET NO.2

Operation:
Subject: -
Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet.


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________

Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes.
Construct the letters and numerals in S.S.
Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters & numerals.
Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a
drawing is known as lettering. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform and properly spaced.
Inclined single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 67
without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed
with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6
Materials:: Graph sheet quarter imperial size (15 x 10 or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser
and drawing tape.
Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, tee-square. Set- square, and pencil sharpener.
Key points
PROCEDURE:
1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table
keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the
board.
2. Draw border line with H pencil. Leave ten squares
on left and five squares on the other sides.
3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with
border line leaving eight squares.
4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the
borderlines.
5. Draw incline guide lines at an angle of 67 .
6. Draw parallel guide lines equally space
7. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in
single stroke inclined gothic style in the height of six
squares and width of four squares.
8. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing
sheet with border line and title strip and print the
letters and numerals as already has done.
Application and Try Out:
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Letters should be in single stroke, properly dark and equally spaced.
Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly.
Do not use scale for lettering.
Follow the instructions.
4
Special Assignment: Draw lettering as per instructions.

5
References:

Operation:
Subject: -
Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering.


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________

Draw guidelines to maintain spacing between letters and numerals in both styles.
Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke incline at 670 angle.
Develop skill to letters in proper sequence of strokes.
Introduction: - For habitual rapid use in labeling and putting notes on drawings, a single line alphabet is required. This should
be based on the shapes and proportions of the gothic lettering. It may be divided into vertical and inclined single stroke letters.
Usually one type of lettering is used and is not mixed. At first, each letter has to be formed carefully and comparatively slowly to
avoid distortion and wrong shapes. With practice, however, it is soon possible to letter quickly and accurately without conscious
effort. In this activity we will letter 10 mm, 8mm. 5mm. 3mm. height with the ratio of 4:6 or as instructed by instructor.
Materials:: Drawing sheet quarter imperial size (15 x 10 or 375mm x 250mm). Pencil (H & H3), tape and eraser.
Key points
PROCEDURE (Vertical):
1. Fix the drawing sheet on drawing table with tape
keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the
board.
2. Draw borderline with H pencil as per drawing.
3. Make a title strip at the lower base with the
borderline leaving 25mm.
4. Draw four guidelines having a space of 15 mm
inside the border with H3 pencil.
5. Draw the guidelines with H3 pencil to letter 3 lines
of 10mm height, 3 lines of 8mm height, 4 lines of
5mm height and 5 lines of 3mm height having equal
space of 8mm apart.
6. Letter alphabet and numerals in single stroke
vertical gothic as instructed by using H pencil.
PROCEDURE FOR INCLINED LETTERING:

1. Follow the instructions from 1 to 5 as in activity
No.2.
2. Draw inclined guidelines at an angle of 67 degree
with the help of protractor.
3. Draw parallel guidelines with set squares equally
spaced.
4. Letter alphabet and numerals in single stroke
inclined gothic as instructed using H pencil.
CARE:
1. Follow the instructions 1, 2, 4 and 6 as given in
activity No,.2.
2. Inclined guidelines should be equally spaced and
drawn carefully.
3. Do not use scale to construct the letters and
numerals.
7

Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Use soft brush or handkerchief for dusting the drawing sheet.
The letter should touch the guidelines.
The space between each letter should be equal.
Special Assignment: Draw lettering according to instructions.

References:

Operation:
Subject: -
Double Stroke Lettering.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Introduction: -
Date:
_________
Draw the horizontal and vertical parallel lines.

Use smoothly Tee, Set squares and compass.
Draw the curves, semi circles, and inclined lines.
Develop skill to double stroke letters in proper space and shape
Maintain the curves with horizontal, vertical and Inclined lines
Maintain the uniform thickness of letters and numerals.
Show the Charts.
Materials: Drawing sheet quarter imperial size (15 x 10 or 375mm x 250mm). Pencil (H & H3), self adhesive tape
and eraser. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and set-squares.
Key points
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fix the sheet on drawing table.

Make the border line and title strip.
Mark the points of the centre.
Now mark the divisions for graph.
Draw the horizontal lines.
Then draw the vertical line.
Using the proper height draw the vertical and
oblique line for the letters.
8. Make a curve or semi circle in round shape letters.
9. Then join the vertical lines with these curves to
complete the letters.
10. Complete the letters and numerals similarly.
Use tee square for adjustment.

Use H pencil.
Centre of the sheet.
Should be light and parallel to each other.

From left to right side.
Width should be select carefully.
Use compass with proper grade of pencil.
1st draw the curve then attach this curve with
vertical or horizontal line.
Letters must have parallel and visible out lines.
In large size boards and large charts use this lettering.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Use H grade pencil in compass.

Curve should be smooth and uniform in thickness.
Vertical and Inclined lines must be joined with these curved lines carefully.
Graph lines should be light when the letters must be prominent.
Graph lines must be parallel in horizontal and vertical direction.
Special Assignment: Draw the double stroke letters as per instructions.

9
References:
10

Operation: Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1
Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the horizontal and vertical lines, with their proper weight & construction.
2) Draw the inclined lines at any angle.
3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having Horizontal, Vertical and inclined lines.
4) They can identify above said line.
Introduction: - Horizontal line is parallel to the base or ground. Vertical line is perpendicular to the horizontal line.
Inclined line is at any angle except 90 or 180 to horizontal or vertical lines. Horizontal line may be drawn with the
help of tee square and vertical or inclined lines are to be drawn by the combination of tee and set square.
Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and divider.
Key points
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table.

2. Layout the border line and title strip with H Pencil
as per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts as shown.
4. Draw 60mm squares in the center of every box.
5. Draw the horizontal lines equally spaced by H or H2
Pencil.
6. Then complete the next box with vertical lines
equally spaced.
7. Then draw the oblique lines at 45 angle on both
direction equally spaced.
8. Complete the next box with horizontal, vertical and
inclined lines.
9. Make the other boxes according to the given
informational material.
10. Other three drawn by compass with proper
direction and equally spaced.
11. Rub the extra lines and complete the all figures.
Space should be equally distributed and lines should

be drawn from left to right.
Up to down direction is proper.
Angle should be proper.
Locate the centre properly.
Curve and circles should be smooth and proper
shape.
Show the chart having different lines.

Ask the Questions about Horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Mark the divisions carefully.

Rotate the pencil when draw the lines.
Lines should be drawn from left to right ,Top to bottom , Bottom to top.
Draw the figures 1st in construction lines.
Lines should be darkened properly.
Pencil should be sharpened before draw the lines.
Lines should be marked properly and shaped correctly.
Curves should be properly centered.
Circle should be smooth and properly centered.
11
Special Assignment: Draw the following lines as per instructions.
References:
12

Operation:
Subject: -
Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the circles.

2) Draw the curves.
3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having circles, curves and different radii.
Introduction: - Mostly drawings are completed by making the circles and curves. It is necessary to know how to draw
the circles, curves and arcs. In this activity different figures are to be practiced to the construction of circles, arcs and
radius etc.
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
Key points
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table.
2. Draw the border line and title strip with H, Pencil as

per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts as illustrated.
4. Mark the center lines in every box.
5. Start the figure as illustrated in the drawing.
6. Complete the figures step by step by using the

compass.
Application and Try Out: We should know the use of drawing instruments
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mark the divisions carefully.

Rotate the compass carefully.
Curves and circles should be clear.
Keep line thickness constant through.
Mark all lines except construction lines dense and sharp.
13
Special Assignment:
Draw the following assignment carefully.
References:
14

Operation:
Subject: -
Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Develop the skill for border line and title strip.

2) Draw the horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
Introduction: Engineering drawing is the main method of communication between all persons concerned with
design and manufacture of components, building and construction of works and carrying out engineering projects.
For this communication, recommended lines are used which interpret the meaning of designer. All lines should be of
proper intensity, weight, neat and clean so that the drawing may have good appearance, neatness and cleanliness. If
the line work is clear and correct, the drawing will have good appearance. Hence care must be taken to improve the
line work.
Key points
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table/board.

2. Lay out the border line and title strip with H pencil
as per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into four equal parts.
4. Mark the strips 5 x 60mm size in a 60mm square
box and complete the strips to draw the horizontal
and vertical lines as shown in box No.1.
5. Draw the 60mm square with 5mm thickness around
the square as shown in drawing No.2 in
construction lines.
6. With the help of compass, set square and teesquare mark the centers for the next two drawings.
7. Draw the circles, radius to complete the right two
half drawings in constriction lines.
8. Convert the construction lines into the object lines
as shown to complete the work.
9. Check it by yourself carefully.
Proper use of drawing instruments is very important.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Every line must be constructed with proper pencil.

Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the lines.
In every division draw the lines at least five times with the appropriate distance between them.
Long and short dashes must be of proper size.
Draw the arrow heads perfectly touching to extension lines.
15
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures according to instructions.
References:
16

Operation:
Subject: -
Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________

2) Draw the horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
Many objects have different types of curves internally and externally. These curves may b tangents, fillets and
rounds. It should be clear and meet in a manner. There should be no overlapping and misalignment.
Key points
DRAW CIRCLE TANGENT TO TWO

LINES AT 1200 HAVING RADIUS R.
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing
Table/board.
2. Lay out the border line and title strip with H
pencil as per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts.
4. Draw line AB and BC at an angle of 1200 to each
other.
5. Draw two parallel lines to the given lines AB and
CD apart radius R.
6. The parallel lines intersecting at point o which is
a centre of required circle.
7. From a center o and radius R draw a circle which
is the required circle.
DRAW AN ARC WITH RADIUS R2 TO TWO UN EQUAL

CIRCLES HAVING RADII R, R1 AT CENTER DISTANCE
AB
TO TOUCH WITH ONE CIRCLE INTERNALLY AND
OTHER EXTERNALLY.
1. Draw line CD and draw circle C on one end and D
on other end with different radius.
2. With radius R3 = R2 R1 draw an arc from point
C.
3. Radius R4=R2+R, Draw another arc from D
intersecting previous arc at E.
4. From point E with radius R2 draw an arc, which
touch the given circles internally and externally?
17
DRAW AN ARC WITH RADIUS R2 TO TWO EQUAL

CIRCLES HAVING RADII R1 & R AT CENTER DISTANCE
AB
1. Trace center A,B
2. Draw circles from A and B with radius R.
3. With radius R3 = R2 R draw an arc from point
A.
4. Radius R4=R2+R, strike arc from B to trace point
C.
5. From point C with radius R2 draw an arc, which
touch the given circles internally and externally?

Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the lines.
Fix the compass on only one centre and strike smoothly.
Curve should be neat and clean and in alignment.
Indicate the centre of the curves clearly.
18
References:
19

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Angles and Triangles.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the different angles.

2) Draw the different triangles.
3) Develop the skill to use of drawing instruments.
Introduction: - Show chart of Angles, Triangles
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and divider.
Key points
Angle: An angle is a figure formed when two lines meet

at a point. It may be classified as under:-
Conical point and flat point leads. Place one edge of

drawing sheet parallel to T-Square and fix with the help
of tape.
Kinds of Angle:
1. Acute angle:
Less than 90 0.
2. Right angle:
Equal to 900.
3. Obtuse angle:
More than 900 but
0
less than 180 .
4. Straight angle:
Equal to 1800.
5. Complementary angles:
Sum of two angles.
Equal to 900.
6. Supplementary angles:
Sum of two angles
Equal to 1800.
7. Reflex angle:
More than 1800 but
less than 3600.
8. Adjacent angles:
Two angles common
arm.
Triangle: A triangle is a plane figure contained by three
straight lines. The side on which the triangle stands is
called its base & the point of the angle opposite to the
base is called the apex or vertex. The altitude is the
perpendicular distance from the apex or vertex to the
base. There are two main groups of triangle one with
their sides and the other with their angles. The sum of
interior angles of a triangle is always 1800.
Draw different types of angles

And Triangles in appropriate size.
Show the angles within arrow heads using extension line.

Indicate the type of angle clearly.
Kinds of Triangle:A.
By Sides:
1. Equilateral:
Three sides are equal.
2. Isosceles triangle:
Two sides are equal.
3. Scalene triangle:
Three sides are different.
B. By Angles:
1. Acute-angled triangle:
One angle must be acute.
2. Right-angled triangle:
One angle must be 90
degree.
3. Obtuse-angled triangle: One angle must be obtuse.
20
Used in different geometrical figures.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Divide the sheet carefully.

Draw the figure at suitable place in the box
Choose the suitable size for angles and triangles.
Name the figures taking 3mm height.
Special Assignment: Draw the following angles and triangles as per instructions.
References:
21

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw different types of Quadrilaterals and circle elements.

2) Identify the different Quadrilaterals and Parts of a circle.
Introduction: : Show the chart of Quadrilateral and circle elements. A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by
four straight lines. It may be termed a quadrangle on account of its having four angles. The four angles of any
quadrilateral add to 3600 or four right angles.
Key points
Kinds of quadrilaterals:1. Square has all its sides equal and all its angles at 90
degree.
2. Rectangle has its opposite sides equal and all its
angles at 90 degree.
3. Rhombus has all its sides equal but its angles are not
at right angles.
4. Rhomboid has opposite angles and sides are equal,
parallel.
5. Trapezoid has none of its sides parallel.
6. Trapezium has two of its sides parallel but all others
are unequal.
7. Right Trapezium has two of its sides parallel and only
one angle is 90 degree. All four sides are unequal.
8. Trapezoid or Kite has two pairs of equal sides.
Procedure
1. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing the
drawing sheet on drawing table.
2. Divide the sheet into eight equal divisions.
3. Draw the figures with the help of the tee-square set
squares and compass selecting the suitable size as
illustrated in the drawing and as instructed by the
Instructor.
22
CIRCLE ELEMENTS.
1. Circle.
2. Radius
3. Centre.
4. Circumference.
5. Quadrant.
6. Semi circle.
7. Segment.
8. Sector.
9. Chord
10. Arc.
Procedure
I.
Draw the border line and title strip after fixing the
drawing sheet on drawing table.
II.
Divide the sheet into ten equal divisions.
III.
Draw 10 circles equally spaced
IV.
Show the element in visible dark line
V.
Label the circle elements
VI.
Draw the figures with the help of the tee-square
set squares and compass as illustrated in the

drawing with proper grade pencil

Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Divide the sheet carefully.

Draw the figures at suitable place in the box.
Choose the suitable size for the figures.
Use the compass and other instruments carefully.
Name the figures with in 3mm guide lines.
23
Diameter must be appropriate size

Line should be thin and fine
Dark the part which is to be shown
Height of lettering not more than 5mm
24
Special Assignment: Draw the following as per instructions.
References:
25
OPERATION SHEET NO. 11

Operation: Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1
Technology
Time
Amjad Elahi
Mechanical
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the lines, parallel line, arcs and angles.

2) Bisect the lines, angles and arcs.
Introduction: : Drawing is a skill not easily obtained and a high degree of efficiency can only be achieved after a
draftsman has become proficient in the use of the instruments of this art. A sound knowledge of basic geometrical
constructions is needed to complete engineering drawings in a workman like manner. Many constructions are
especially valuable when accurate, full size layouts are required such as sheet metal patterns, tool and die layouts.
Key points
1. Construction of Parallel lines

AB is the given line and C is the given distance.
i.
From any two points well apart on AB draw to arcs

of radius equal to C.
Draw a line tangential to the two arcs to give the
required line.
ii.
Show charts and transparencies
2. Construction of Perpendicular (From the end of the

line).
AB is the given line.
i.
With centre B and radius less than AB describe an

arc to intersect line AB at point C.
ii.
From C and the same radius mark of point D and
from point D with same radius mark off point E.
iii.
From point D and point E describe any two arcs to
intersect at point F.
iv.
Join BF to give the required perpendicular.
3. From a point on a line
AB is the line and C is the point on it.
i.
ii.
iii.
With centre C and any radius describe equal arcs

to cut line AB at point E and point F.
From E and F describe equal arcs to intersect at
point D.
Join points CD to give the required perpendicular.
4. Bisecting a line or arc

i.
ii.
iii.
Given line or arc AB.

Set the compass for any radius greater than onehalf of AB. Using A and B as centers, draw two arcs
to intersect at C and two arcs to intersect at D.
The point at which line CD crosses AB is the center.
26
5. Dividing a line into equal parts

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Assume a given line is to be divided into six equal

parts.
Draw the required line AB which is to be divided.
From one end of this line draw line AC at any
convenient angle.
Starting at A on line AC lay off six equal spaces
either with dividers or a scale.
From the termination point of the last space D,
draw a line connecting D with B.
With the edge of a triangle set parallel with line
DB, draw lines from the points on line AC to line
AB. The division points will be found where the
parallel lines intersect line AB.
6. Bisecting an angle.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Given angle BAC

With A as a center and the compass set at any
convenient radius, draw an arc cutting line AB at D
and line AC at E.
Set the compass at a radius greater than one-half
of DE.
With D and E as centers, draw two arcs to intersect
at O.
Draw a line from O to A. The line OA bisects the
angle.
Show the chart and ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1. Use compass and other instruments carefully and properly.
2. Sharp the pencil lead to get a better result.
3. Centers should be located accurately

27
References:
28

Operation: Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square,
Triangle and Hexagon
Name: Amjad Elahi

Technology:- Mechanical
Time:150 min
Date:-
_______

1) Draw the inscribed square, triangle and hexagon.
2) Draw the circumscribed squire, triangle, and hexagon.
3) Develop the skill in the use of drawing instruments.
Introduction: : Show the chart. Those figures, which are drawn inside the circle and only the corners of the figure,
are touching the circumference of the circle, called inscribed figures. Those figures which are drawn outside the
circle and the sides of figures are tangent to it, are called circumscribed figures.
Drawing table/ drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
Key points
1) Draw the border line and title strip as per previous

practice.
Follow the procedure which is to be said.
Circles should be equally spaced.
2) Divide the sheet into six equal parts.
Centre lines should be properly drawn.
Geometric. figures must be prominent.
INSCRIBED FIGURES:1) Draw the circles taking diameter 60mm.

2) Draw the centerlines.
3) Join the four points of centerlines for square.
4) Bisect the radius for triangle and rectangle. Then joint
these points.
5) Use compass for hexagons according to the method
demonstrate by your class instructor.
CIRCUMSCRIBED FIGURES:1) After drawing of circles and centerlines, produce the
tangents horizontal and vertical for square.
2) Angles of 60 for hexagon, externally.
3) Angle of 60 internally for triangle.
Application and Try Out: Show the G. Figure and ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw the circles in the center of the boxes.

Circles and center lines should be constructed properly.
Bisect the lines accurately.
Tangent should be touch the circle not cut it.
29
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures carefully.
References:
30

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Pentagon by different methods

Name: Amjad Elahi

Technology
Mechanical
Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the pentagon by different methods.

3) Develop the skill to divide the line in two and five equal parts.
Introduction: A polygon is a plane figure having more than four sides. When the sides are equal, then the polygon is
a regular polygon. In such a polygon, the angles are equal and all the corners will touch the circumference of a
circumscribed circle. Polygons with unequal sides are said to be irregular polygons. The polygon contains the five
equal sides is called pentagon. There are many methods to draw the pentagon but we will discuss only five
methods .
Draw the borderline after fixing the drawing sheet.
Divide the sheet into two equal parts horizontally.
Divide the upper half into two equal parts and

lower half into three equal parts.
In these five boxes draw the pentagon by different

methods.
Key points
Method No. 1 (Inscribed Pentagon)

1) Draw a circle having diameter 50mm with center O
and extend the center lines. BA. CM.
2) Bisect OA radius at point D.
3) D as center scribes an arc equal to radius DC on BA.
It will cut the BA on E.
4) Now C as center scribes an arc equal to CE on the
circumference. It cut the circumference on F.
5) Join F and C. It is a one side of pentagon. Mark the
other sides and join them. Inscribed
6) Pentagon is completed.
31
Method No. 2
1) Draw AB = 35mm. with centers A and B and radius
AB draw complete circles.
2) With center D and the same radius draw an arc to
cut the first circles at E and F.
3) Draw DG and produce From E draw a line through G
to H. Similarly from F draw a line
4) Through G to J.
5) With centers J and H and radius AB strikes arcs
cutting at K.
6) Join A to J. J to K, K to H. H to B. AJKHB is the
required pentagon.
Method No. 3
1) Draw AB = 35mm and bisect AB at C.
2) Mark off CD = AB. From B draw a line through D and
produce.
3) Mark off DE = AB with compass point on B and
radius BE strike an arc to cut CD produced at F.
4) With centers, A.B.F. and radius AB strike arcs to cut
at G and H.
5) Join A to G, G to F, F to H, and H to B.
Method No. 4
1) Draw the given side AB = 35mm. Produce BA to X.
2) Describe the semi circle with radius AB and
center A.
3) Divide the semi circle into five equal parts by
protractor making 36 angles and mark the numbers
from left side.
4) Join A to the second division from X.
5) AE = AB = two sides of the polygon and BAE will be a
corner of the polygon.
6) Bisect AE and AB at O with Centre O and radius AO.
Describe the circle.
7) With length AB, step off C and D from B. Join up the
points for the required polygon.
32
Method No. 5
1) Draw the circle having diameter 50mm with center
O.
2) Draw the diameter AOY and divide AY into five
equal parts.
3) With radius AY and center A and Y. scribe the
intersecting arcs x.
4) From x draw a line through 2 to cut the
circumference at B.
5) Join AB. which is one side of the pentagon. Step off
the remaining points at AB intervals. Join up
ABCDEA to complete the pentagon.
Application and Try Out: Show the Geometrical Figure and ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Divide the sheet into five equal divisions with appropriate size.
Bisect and join the lines carefully.
Draw the intersecting circles accurately.
Divide the semi circle into five equal divisions accurately.
Pentagon should be drawn with prominent line.
Special Assignment: Draw the following pentagons as per instructions.
33
References:
34

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the Hexagon by different methods.

2) Draw the Octagon by different methods.
Introduction: The polygon contains six equal sides called Hexagon and eight equal sides called Octagon.
Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
Key points
HEXAGON:Method No. 1:
Constructing a regular hexagon with the given distance
across corners.
1) Draw a circle with AE of 70mm diameter. Draw
centerlines.
2) With the radius AO and using A and E as centers,
draw arcs with straight lines.
3) Connect each point formed by the intersecting arcs
with straight lines.
Method No. 2
1) Draw a given line AB = 35mm.
2) With center A and B and radius AB scribe the semi
circles at O.
3) With center draw the semi circle which cut the
already drawn semi circles at C and F.
4) From F and C with the same radius. Cut the semi
circle at E and D.
5) Step off points CDEF with AB.
Method No. 3
1) Draw the horizontal line AB = 35mm.
2) Rest the 30 60 set squares on the Tee-square then
draw the lines AF and BC making them equal to AB.
3) Repeat with points C and F making CD and EF equal
to AB.
4) Joint DE to complete the hexagon.
OCTAGON:Method No. 1
1) Draw a square having 80mm side and within the
square draw its diagonals.
2) Using the corners of the square as centers and a
radius equal to one-half of the diagonals,
Draw arcs intersecting the sides of the square.
3) Connect these points with lines, which form the
sides of the octagon.
35
Method No.2
1) Draw the circle having diameter 70mm with center
O.
2) Draw the diameter AE.
3) Draw OC perpendicular to the diameter.
4) Bisect the right angle AOC.
5) The bisector cut the circumference at B.
6) Join AB and BC, which are the two sides of the
octagon.
7) Set off the other points equal to AB or BC.
8) Join the points to obtain the required octagon.
Method No. 3
1) Let the line AB = 30mm.
2) 45 set square place on the edge of tee square and
draw oblique lines from A and B.
3) Along these lines measure 40mm from A and B to
obtain sides AH and BC.
4) With set square, draw 40mm vertical lines CD and
HG. Continue with the 30mm oblique lines DE and
GF.
5) Complete the octagon by joining EF.
Ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw the circles carefully.

Divide the circles accurately.
Bisect the lines precisely.
Construction lines should be light and thin.
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures as per instructions.
36
References:
37

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside).

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the tangent of the circles internally and externally.

2) Develop the skill in use of drawing instruments.
Introduction: Many machine parts have circular shape. It is therefore needed to draw the tangents internally or
externally. With this practice it will easy to draw the tangents.
Materials: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
Key points
1. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing

the drawing sheet.
2. Draw following three types of tangents:
A.
External Tangent.
B.
Internal Tangent.
C.
Line Tangent.
A.
External Tangent:
1. Let the radii of the circles be 40mm and 26mm

respectively and let the centers be 100mm apart.
2. Draw the 100mm line OO from the both centers of
the circles.
3. Bisect OO at A with A as centre draw the semi circle
on OO.
4. Draw a third circle with O as centre. The radius to
be the difference between the two given radii, 40
26 = 14nn.
5. Let B is the point where the circle cuts the semi
circle. Join O to B, and produce it to C.
6. Joint O to B. Draw O, D parallel to OC.
7. Draw a line through points C and D. This line is the
External Tangent.
38
B.
Internal Tangent.
1. Let the radii of the circles be 40mm and 20mm

respectively and let the centers be 100 mm apart.
2. Repeat the 2 and 3 step of above procedure.
3. Set the compass to a third radius equal to the sum
of the other two radii, 60 + 20 = 80mm.
4. With centre O, draw the arc from B to cut the semi
circle at C. Join C to O and C to O.
5. Draw O D parallel to OC.
6. Join DE for the internal tangent.
C.
Line Tangent.
Draw a line tangent to a circle through a point
outside the circle.
1. Let X represents the point outside the circle.

2. Draw a line from X to the center of circle at O.
3. Bisect line OX.
4. From the intersection at C, draw a semi-circle
having a radius equal to OC. The intersection of the
semi circle O at E is the point of tangency for the
required line.
Application and Try Out: Ask questions.

Safety Precautions:
1. Draw the circles carefully.
2. Bisect the circles accurately.
3. Draw the tangent line precisely.
Special Assignment: Draw the following tangents according to instructions.
39
References:
40

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Ellipse by four different methods.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________

2) Construct the Ellipse by different methods.
3) Develop the skill in use of drawing instruments.
DESCRIPTION: When a point moves so that the sum of its distance from two fixed points, called focal points or foci,
is a constant, then the locus of the point is a ellipse. The constant is major axis of the ellipse. The ellipse is a common
and practical curve often encountered by the sheet metal worker. A foreshortened view of any circle or the true size
and shape view of a angular cut on a cylinder will also appear as an ellipse. Ellipse is produced when the intersecting
plane is inclined to the axis making greater angle with the axis and cuts the entire generator on one side of the apex.
Arches, bridges, glands, stuffing boxes etc. are made approximately in elliptical shapes. There are several methods to
construct an ellipse, some are given below:
1) Foci method 2) Four centre method 3) Concentric circle method 4) Parallelogram method.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
Key points
Draw the borderline, title strip according to

previous practice and divide the sheet in to four
equal boxes
1. ELLIPSE BY FOCI METHOD
1. The major axis AB 100 mm and the minor
axis CD 60mm are given.
2. Locate the foci by cutting axis AB with an
arc using AO as the radius and C as the
centre.
3. Between F1 and O lay off a number of
equal points, such as five. For larger ellipses
more points should be used to insure a
smooth curve.
4. With A-1 as the radius and F1 F2 as centers
scribe arcs at 1 and 1.
5. With B-1 as the radius and F1 F2 as centers
draw arcs intersecting arcs at 1 and 1.
6. Proceed in a similar manner with the
remaining points to locate intersecting arcs
at 2 and 2, 3 and 3, 4 and 4 etc.
7. Connect the points formed by the
intersecting arcs with an irregular curve.
41
2. ELLIPSE BY FOUR CENTRE METHOD:1. The major axis AE and the minor axis CD is
given as 100mm and 60mm.
2. With O as a centre and radius OA, draw an
arc intersecting OC at F.
3. Draw line AC.
4. With C as a centre and a radius CF draw
arc-intersecting line AC at X.
5. Find the perpendicular bisector of AX so it
intersects AE at G and the extended axis CD
at H.
6. Point G and H now are centers for two of
the required arcs of the ellipse.
7. Lay off OK equal to OH and OM equal to
OG. With M and K as centers, draw the
other two arcs of the ellipse.
3. ELLIPSE BY CONCENTRIC CIRCLE METHOD:1. Given AE 100mm and CD 60mm as the
principal axis with O as the centre.
2. With O as a centre and radius AO. Draw
outer circle. Draw inner circle with CO as a
radius.
3. Divide outer circle into 12 number of equal
parts, at 30-degree angle.
4. From O draw radii to points on outer circle
intersecting inner circle.
5. From points on outer circle draw vertical
lines parallel to CD.
6. From points on inner circle draw horizontal
lines parallel to AE. The intersections of the
vertical and horizontal lines provide points
of the ellipse.
7. Repeat the same procedure for the
remaining quadrants and connect the
points with an irregular curve.
4. ELLIPSE BY PARALLELOGRAM METHOD:1. With axis AB 100mm and CD 60mm
construct a parallelogram.
2. Divide AO into any number of equal parts
and AE into the same number of parts.
Number these parts.
3. From D draw lines through points on AO.
4. From C draw lines to points on line AE.
5. The intersection of these lines provides
points for the ellipse.
6. Proceed in a similar manner for the
Follow the procedure, which is to be said.

remaining quadrants and connect points
with an irregular curve.
Application and Try Out: Reflection of light & sound waves, antenna for Satellite Architecture and other
Engineering Product.
Safety Precautions/ Care:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Divide the sheet in to two equal parts.

Before construction the ellipse, study every procedure carefully.
Major and minor axis should be at appropriate place.
Except the curve of ellipse, all other lines should be thin.
42
5. Use the compass carefully to draw the circles, curves etc. Curve should be smooth proper dark and thick.
Special Assignment: Draw the following diagrams as per instructions.
References:
43

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________

2) Construct the Parabola by different methods.
DESCRIPTION: The parabola is the locus of a point which moves so that its distances from a fixed point, called the
focus and fixed straight lines called the directrix are always equal. Parabola is produced when the intersecting plane
is inclined to the axis and is parallel to one of the generators. Sound and light reflectors are made in parabolic shape,
vertical curves on highway and bridges arches are also made parabolic. The curve for bending movement diagram of
a uniformly loaded beam is always in the form of parabola.
Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener
Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.
Key points
A Parabola may be drawn by the following methods:1. Basic method

2. Parallelogram method
3. Tangent method
4. Parabolic arc method.
Draw the borderline and title strip according to previous
practice.
Divide the sheet into four equal parts.
1. PARABOLA BY BASIC OR LOCUS METHOD
1. Focus F and directrix MN is given.
2. Draw line OR through F and perpendicular to MN to
intersect MN at Z.
3. At any point E on line OR draw line XY parallel to
MN.
4. With ZE as a radius and F as the centre, draw arc
intersecting line XY at P and Q. These are points on
the parabola.
5. Divide distance ZE into any number of convenient
spaces and draw lines through these divisions
parallel to MN.
6. Repeat step 4 using distances Z-1, Z-2, Z-3, etc. as
radii and F as centre locating points on the curve.
7. The vertex V is located midway between the
directrix and F on OR.
8. Draw the curve through the points located.
44
2.
PARABOLA BY PARALLELOGRAM METHOD
1. The rise XY and half-span XZ of the parabola is

given.
2. Divide XY and XZ into the same number of equal
parts.
3. From division points on line XY draw lines
converging at Z.
4. From the division points on line XZ draw lines
parallel to the axis ZR.
5. The corresponding intersections of these lines are
the points of the parabolic curve.
6. Proceed in a similar manner to the points for the
lower half of the parabola and connect points with
an irregular curve.
3.
PARABOLA BY TANGENT METHOD.
1. The limiting points of the parabola R and T and the
tangents RS and ST is given.
2. Divide lines RS and ST into any number of equal
parts and number the division as shown.
3. Draw lines connecting like numbered points such as
1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3.
4. The curve drawn tangent to these intersecting lines
is the parabolic curve.
4.
PARABOLA BY PARABOLIC ARC METHOD.
1. Given the point A and B assume a point C.
2. Draw the tangents CA and CB.
3. Divide the tangent CA and CB into the same number
of equal parts and number the divisions as shown.
4. Draw line connecting like numbered points such as
1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3.
5. Construct the curve using the tangent method
shown in previous method.
Application and Try Out: Reflection of light and sound waves, antenna for Satellite Architecture and other
Engineering Product.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Divide the sheet into four equal parts.

Study the procedure carefully before constructing the parabola.
All lines should be thin except parabolic curve.
Connect the lines carefully.
Draw the curve by making a tangent should be clear and visible.
Follow the said procedures.
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures.
45
References:
46

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Hyperbola Curve.

Name
Amjad Elahi
Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Draw the hyperbola.

2) Develop the skill to construct the curves.
DESCRIPTION: The hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that the ratio of its distances from the focus and
directrix is constant and greater than 1.
Hyperbola is produced when the intersecting plane makes the lesser angle with the axis and is parallel to the cone
axis. It is used in some of the structures such as in the designing of cams, threads of scroll chucks and devices.
Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener
Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.
Key points
Method to construct a Hyperbola.

1. Given foci F1 and F2 and the transverse axis RS.
2. Extend transverse axis to any convenient distance
such as Z.
3. Lay off on SZ any number of points.
4. With S-Z as a radius and F2 as the centre, strike arcs
at M and N.
5. With R-Z as a radius and F1 as the centre strike arcs
to intersect arcs at M and N.
6. Proceed in a similar manner for points 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
on the transverse axis. The points formed by the
intersecting arcs represent the required curve of
the hyperbola.
Draw hyperbolic curve by other methods as
instructed by Instructor.
Application and Try Out: Designing of cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Divide the sheet into two equal parts.

Study the procedure carefully before constructing the parabola and Spiral.
Hyperbola curve should be drawn free hand.
Use compass carefully to construct the arcs.

47
References:
48
References:
49
OPERATION SHEET NO 19
Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
2) Construct the spiral.

DESCRIPTION: A spiral is a curve generated when a point moves away from a fixed point so that its distance
increases uniformly with the angle. It is used in designing the cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar
devices.
Key points
Method to draw Archimedean Spiral.

1. Given an angle of 30 with a circle of 144mm
diameter with centre O.
2. Form point O layout a series of equal angles of 30
and draw radial lines.
3. Divide one of the radial lines OG into the same
number of parts as there are radial liens.
4. Rotate the points on OG to the corresponding radial
lines.
5. Connect points with an irregular curve.
Application and Try Out: Designing the cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.
1. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the Spiral.
2. Spiral curve should be drawn free hand.
3. Use compass carefully to construct the arcs.
50
References:
51

Operation: Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle. Name: Amjad Elahi
Time
150 min
Date:
_________
1) Develop the skill to construct the geometrical figures and curves.

2) Draw the involutes of circle, square, triangle and hexagon.
DESCRIPTION: Mathematically an involute is a spiral curve made by a point on a perfectly taut string as it unwinds
form around a shape such as a circle or polygon etc. It is used to form the outlines of the gear teeth and certain fine
instrument for example watches clocks etc.
1)
Key points
Involutes of a circle.
1. Given circle O having 50mm dia.

2. Divide circles into 12 numbers of equal parts and
number the parts.
3. Draw tangents to the circle at each point.
4. On each tangent step off the length of the
corresponding arc division such as 1-12 on tangent
line 1-A, 2-12 on tangent line 2-B, 3-12 on tangent
line 3-C, etc.
5. Connect the points with an irregular curve with the
compass.
2)
Involutes of a Triangle.
1. Draw an equilateral triangle LMN having base
30mm.
2. Mark the numbers and extend the lines M-L
N-M, L-N.
3. With L as centre and radius LN scribe on arc
intersecting the extended line at ML at l.
4. With M as centre and radius M-L scribe an arc
intersecting the extended line NM at 2.
5. Continue this procedure and determine points 3
using radii N-2.
6. The connecting arcs determine the involutes of
triangle.
3)
Involutes of a Square/Rectangle:
1. Draw square LMNO having base 10mm.
2. With 1. As centre and radius 1O. Scribe an arc
intersecting line 1.M at 1.
3. With M as a centre and radius M-1 scribe an arc
intersecting the extended line NM at 2.
4. Continue it and determine points 3 and 4
5. The connecting arcs determine the involutes of the
rectangle.
52
4)
Involutes of a Hexagon:
1. Draw the hexagon by compass method having base

25mm.
2. Repeat the same procedure as involutes of a
square.
The flank of most gear teeth has involutes profile.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Divide the drawing sheet into two equal parts.

Draw only two involutes in class room. Other two are to be drawn at home as home assignment.
Mark the figures carefully.
Scribe the arc carefully and accurately.
Involutes curve should be smooth and equal thickness.
53
References:
1. Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 (Text book)
2. Drafting and Graphics by Giacheno and Beukema.
54
OPERATION SHEET NO 21
Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
2) Construct the Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid.

DESCRIPTION: Cycloid curve define as the locus of a point on the circumference of a cylinder which rolls without
slip along a flat surface. An Epicycloids rolls without slip around the outside of another circle and Hypocycloid rolls
without slip around the inside of another circle.
Key points
Method to draw Cycloid curve
1. Generating circle and straight line AB is given.
2. Divide the circle into 12 numbers of equal divisions.
3. Divide line AB (equal to circumference) into 12
equal divisions.
4. Draw vertical lines from point 1 to 5 to intersect
with the horizontal line from center of the circle.
5. H as centre draw an arc L equal to the radius of
circle to intersect horizontal line projected from 1.
6. Repeat the same, G as centre draw the arc K to
intersect the horizontal line projected from 2.
7. Now F as centre draw arc J to intersect horizontal
line projected from 3.
8. Repeat the same E & D as centre draw arc P and P
to intersect the horizontal line projected from 4 &
5.
9. Repeat the same method in the right half of the
figure.
10. Draw the required Cycloid tangent to these arcs.
Note: - Other curves may be drawn in similar manners.
Application and Try Out: These curves are used to form the outlines of the certain gear teeth.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Study the procedure carefully before constructing these curves.

Curves should be drawn free hand.
Use compass carefully to construct the arcs.
Carefully uses the center line as centre for making the arcs.
55
References:
56

Operation:
Subject: -
Different types of drawing lines.

Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min

i)
ii)
iii)
Date:
_________
Draw the alphabet of lines.

Identify the various lines used in engineering drawing.
Draw the different grades, weight and shape of lines used in mechanical engineering drawing.
For this communications, recommended lines are used which interpret the meaning of designer.
All lines should be of proper intensity, weight, neat and clean so that the drawing may have good
appearance, neatness and cleanliness. If the line work is clear and correct, the drawing will have good appearance.
Hence care must be taken to improve the line work.
Materials:
Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15" 10" or 375mm 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencils, sharpener,
eraser, self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment:
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square and sharpener.

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table/board.

2. Draw the border line and title strip as illustrated.
3. Divide the sheet into 12 equal parts, from left to
right four divisions and up to down three divisions
precisely.
4. Draw each line in a box at least for five times with
proper weight and shape using proper pencil
as illustrated in the figures and instructed by the
instructor.
Drawing can be communicate by these lines
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the liens.
In every division draw the lines at least five times with the appropriate distance between them.
Long and short dashes must be of proper size.
Draw the arrowheads perfectly touching to extension lines.
57
58
59
60
Special Assignment: Draw the following lines as per instructions.

61
References:
62
OPERATION SHEET NO.23 (A)

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min

i)
ii)
iii)
Date:
_________
Draw the orthographic views of a simple block in first angle projection.

Understand the theory of first angle projection.
Understand the measurement on pictorial view.
Introduction: It is difficult to carry out an operation such as drilling on a round surface object as it cannot be easily
clamped and is liable to rotation while the operation is being performed. A V-block is emplaced to hold such objects
by placing the job in the v-shaped slot. Some Times Square slot type blocks (Slide blocks) are used to slide the
machine part.
Materials:
Equipment:
Drawing table / drawing bard, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Sketch the borderlines and letter the title strip on

drawing sheet.
2. Divide the sheet according to the given dimensions
using first angle system of projection.
3. Erase the extra lines.
4.
Draw the front view looking in the direction of

arrow F1 and side views, in the direction of arrow
EE and top view in the direction of arrow P as
shown in the pictorial view.
5. Dimension and label the views.

6. Check the views with pictorial view and remove error
if any.
Projection theory is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
1. Drawing board and instrument be neat and clean.
2. Proper pencils are to be used.
63
Special Assignment:
Draw the multi view drawings from the given block.
References:
64
OPERATION SHEET NO.23 (B)

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min

I)
ii)
Date:
_________
draw the orthographic views of a simple block in third angle projection.

Understand the measurement of pictorial view.
Introduction: Description of third angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Sketch the borderlines and letter the title strip

on drawing sheet.
2. Divide the drawing sheet to locate the position of
views as shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the block looking in the
direction FE
5. Draw the side view looking in the direction EE
6. Complete
the
top
view
with
the
help
or
projections.
8. Check the views and remove error if any.
Orthographic projection is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean.
65
Special Assignment:
Draw the multi view drawing from the given block.
References:
66

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B Name: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1

i)
ii)
Technology
Time
Date:
Amjad Elahi
Mechanical
150 min
_________
Draw the orthographic views of STEP BLOCK in 1st. & 3rd angle projection.
Dimension and placement of views properly.
Introduction: In first angle the top view of the Step Block will be under the front view and side view will be opposite
of the viewer at the same line of front view.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Fix the drawing sheet and draw border line and
title strip.
2. Divide the sheet according to the dimensions.
4. Construct the front view at top left position
looking in the direction FE
5. Construct the side view at top right position
looking in the direction EE
6. Construct the top view at left bottom position
looking in the direction P
7. Complete all the three views.
8.
Write
complete
the
dimensions,
view
names
and
the title strip.
Application and Try Out: Projection theory is important for communication

Safety Precautions:
3. Space the views properly.
67
Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawing from the given blocks.
References:
68

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B Name: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1

i)
ii)
Introduction:
Technology
Time
Amjad Elahi
Mechanical
150 min
Date:
_________
Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
Understand the measurement of pictorial view.
Description of first angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw the borderlines and letter the title strip on

drawing sheet.
2. Divide the sheet to locate the position of views as
shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the block looking in the
direction FE
5. Draw the side view of the block looking in the
direction EE
6. Draw the top view of the block looking in the
direction P
7. Complete the side and top view the help of
projection.
Safety Precautions:
3. Space the views properly
69
References:
70

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B Name: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1

i)
ii)
iii)
Amjad Elahi
Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Placement of views properly.

Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
Dimension the views.
Introduction: In the first angle the top view of the T Slide Block will be under the front view and side view will be
opposite of the viewer at the same line of front view.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Fix the drawing sheet and draw border line and title
strip.
2. Divide the paper according to the dimension.
4. Construct the views in boxes. Front View at top left.
Top View at bottom left and Side View at Top Right
position.
5. Complete the three views accordingly.
6. Write the dimensions, view names and complete the
title strip.
7. Check and remove error if any.
Orthographic projection is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
3. Space the views properly.
71
References:
72

Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B
Operation:
Subject: -
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st. & 3rd angle projection .
Understand dimension the views in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
i)
ii)
Introduction: Description of first angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points

drawing sheet.
shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the block at left top position.
5. Draw the side view of the block at top right position.
6. Draw the Top view of the block at bottom left
position.
7. Complete the Side and Top view with the help of
projections.
8. Dimensions and label the views.
Safety Precautions:
73
References:
74

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min

i)
ii)
iii)
Date:
_________
Visualize multi view and construction of isometric drawing.

Understand the steps for construction of isometric drawing.
Construct & identify the isometric drawing of simple objects.
Introduction: Isometric drawing is a type of pictorial drawing and effective means of communicating ideas. In
isometric drawing the three axes are spaced 120o apart. To draw an isometric a 30 o 60 o triangle is needed. The
depth or width length is laid at 30 o and height is taken at 90 o with base line.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:Orthographic Views:
Draw three views of given object in 1st angle as

shown previously.
Isometric Drawing No.1

1. Draw two views of the object taking suitable sizes as
instructed.
2. Make a block of overall sizes taking H on 90o, and
D and W on 30 o.
3. Locate WI and HI and draw construction lines.
4. Strengthen all visible lines to complete the view.
Isometric Drawing No.2

1. Draw two views of the object taking suitable sizes as
instructed.
2. Draw block taking overall dimensions using light
construction line taking length and width on 30o and
height on 90 o.
3. Draw constriction lines taking WI. DI and H1 inlight
weight construction lines.
4. Draw final object lines to complete the view.
Isometric drawing is important for quick communication

and very useful for unskilled workers.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw neat, thin and light construction and projection lines.
2. Strengthen the final line by using proper pencils.
75
76
Special Assignment: Draw the isometric drawing from the given orthographic drawings.
77
References:
78

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing II


i)
ii)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Draw the orthographic views of slide block in first angle projection.

Understand the use of compass and reading of diameter.
Introduction: Description of projections has already been discussed in previous activities.

Materials:
Equipment:

Key points

drawing sheet.
shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the slide block looking
the figure (a) at top left position.
5. Draw the side view of the slide block looking the
figure (a) at top right position.
6. Complete the top view with the help of
projections drawn from front view and side view.
It is important for quick communication
Safety Precautions:
79
Special Assignment: Draw the isometric drawing from the given orthographic drawings.
80
References:
81

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing I


i)
ii)
iii)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Visualize multi views for construction of oblique drawing.

Understand steps for constructing oblique drawing.
Construct oblique drawing of simple object.
Introduction: Oblique drawing is a type of pictorial in which two axes are always perpendicular to each other while
the third, receding axis is at some convenient angle such as 30o, 45 o or 60 o with the horizontal. It has advantages
over isometric drawing such as:i)
Circular or irregular outlines on the front face show in their true shape.
ii)
Greater choice is possible in the selection of the positions of the axis etc.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Take suitable size as instructed.

2. Construct a box using overall dimensions of height,
widths and depth with light construction lines.
3. Draw receding axes at 30o /450and measures the
depth dimension in true length.
4. To complete the oblique drawing, finish it with
strengthened object lines.
Oblique views are mostly used in furniture making
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw neat, thin and light construction lines.
2. Use proper pencils for different types of lines and lettering.
82
Special Assignment: Draw the oblique drawings from the orthographic drawing.
83
References:
84

Operation:
Subject: -
Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing II
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min

i)
ii)
iii)
Date:
_________
Select view for drawing in true shape.

Choose suitable angle for receding lines.
Construct oblique draw of objects having circular or irregular shapes.
Introduction: Major advantage of oblique is that circular features can be drawn as true circles when they are
parallel to picture plane. The circles are connected with tangent lines parallel to the axis. Hidden lines are omitted.
The same principles are used to construct an object with semicircular or irregular features.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw two views of the given object.

2. Select view having circular features to draw in true
shape.
3. Select receding axis angle with horizontal (30o is
being used in this activity)
4. Draw front view (with circular effects) is true shape
and size.
5. Draw receding lines and measure the depth
dimensions of each.
6. Draw arc on the rear face.
7. Strengthen the object lines and draw the tangent
of circle and arc with 30o triangle.
Oblique views are mostly used in furniture making
Safety Precautions:
1. Construction work must be neat, clean, thin and light.
2. Object lines must be prominent.
3. Use proper pencils to obtain good results.
85
Special Assignment: Draw the oblique drawings from the orthographic drawing.
References:
86

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of One Point Perspective
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
i)
Develop the skill to draw the parallel perspective.
ii)
Write the step by step procedure of making parallel perspective.
Introduction: Ask some question to show the chart and model of Perspective.
Materials:
Equipment:
Key points
PROCEDURE:How to draw a parallel or one point perspective
The steps in making a one point perspective are as

follows (see Fig.)
1. Draw the ground line GL and on it layout the front
view of the object.
2.
Locate the picture plane PP and on it draw the
top view of the object.
3. Draw the horizon line at any convenient distance
from the ground line.
4. Locate the station point so that the cone of
visual rays will enclose the object at an angle not
greater than 30o.
5. From the station point, draw a vertical line to the
horizon which provides the vanishing point VP.
6. Draw visual ray lines from the station point to all
the top points in the top view.
7. Extend vertical lines downward from the bottom
points of the top view as well as where the visual
ray lines intersect the picture plane line.
8. Project horizontal lines from the front view to
interest the vertical lines from the top view.
9. Extend lines from the front perspective view to
the vanishing point.
10. The intersection of the horizontal lines from the
front view with the vertical lines from the top view and
the lines extending from the front perspective view to
the vanishing point will provide the required shape of
the one point perspective drawing.

a)
To show the actual drawing of a model.
b)
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw the front and top views of proper places.

Select station point on a suitable place.
Project the lines accurately and lightly.
Meet the points and draw the view precisely.
87
To show the view to the model makers.
Special Assignment: Draw the following one point perspective drawing according to instructions.
References:
88

Operation:Subject: -
Construction of Two Point Perspective.


i)
ii)
Introduction:
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Draw the Angular perspective diagram.

Write the procession of making of Angular Perspective.
Ask some questions show the chart and transparencies etc.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:Draw the border line with H. Pencil according to

the previous practice.
Draw the title block.

How to draw a two point perspective
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
To prepare a two point perspective, proceed as

follows. See fig
Draw the ground line GL. The horizon and picture
plane PP.
Draw a front view of the object on the ground line
and a top view o. n the picture plane. Revolve the
top view at any convenient angle on the picture
plane
Locate the two vanishing points by first drawing lines
from SP to PP so they are parallel to the edge lines of
the top view. Then drop perpendiculars from the
picture plane line to the horizon.
Draw visual ray lines from SP to the essential
features of the top view.
From the points where the visual ray lines intersect
the picture plane line, drop vertical projects
to
intersect the lines drawn to the vanishing points.
Application and Try Out: - Very important to show the preliminary model sketching of a building in
Architecture.
Safety Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw the front and top view at proper place.

Select the station point on a suitable place.
Project the lines accurately.
Meet the points and draw the views perfectly.
Special Assignment: Draw the following two point perspective drawing according to instructions.
89
References:
90

Operation:
Subject: -
Construction of Multi view drawing of Gland for stuffing box. Name: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1

i)
ii)
iii)
Amjad Elahi
Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Draw the three views of the gland.

Understand the views of the gland.
Show the interior detail of the object with hidden lines.
Introduction: The gland is the main member of the stuffing box. Stuffing boxes are needed to prevent the leakage of
steam or water where a reciprocating or rotating rod passes through the cover of a casing containing fluid under
pressure.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw borderlines and letter the title strip.

2. Locate the positions of views from auxiliary
dimensions as given on drawing
3. Draw outside views first and suggest dotted lines
which will appear as invisible.
4. Erase external lines which have been cut away.
5. Section the surfaces in contact with the cutting
plane and draw a cutting plane line in the top view.
9. Darken the lines according to their standard weights.
It is important in auto mobile work.
Safety Precautions:
1. Hidden line are usually omitted from sectional views, however, they are drawn as an aid in dimensioning.
Special Assignment: Draw the orthographic views from the given blocks.
91
References:
92
OPERATION SHEET NO.35+36

Operation:-
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 +150 min
Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing.

Construction of Multi view drawing of open bearing.

i)
ii)
Date:
_________
Draw the three views of simple bearing and open bearing.

Understand which quarter of an open bearing is imagined as removed.
Introduction: It is a device used to support the rotating shafts, which are used to transmit power. Simple/Open
bearing is that type of bearing in which no covering plates or cap is placed to hold the shaft. The projected sides of
the accommodating hole do not permit shaft to come out from the bearing.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw border lines and letter the title strip.

2. Locate the positions of front view side view and top
view by measuring distances as shown.
3. Start drawing the front view at top left, side view at
right side and top view at the bottom of front view
as per dimensions.
4. Finish center liens and dimension the views.
5. Finish rounds, fillets and semi-circle, then darken the
liens.
6. Label the views and check the drawing.
Bearing is important for supporting the shafts.
Safety Precautions:
1. Increase of vertical distribution of sheet, width of object is takes above and height below to get third angle
projection system.
3. Draw the semi circle first then draw vertical line meeting with its centre lines.
4. Draw the circle / curves carefully.
Special Assignment: Draw the orthographic views from the given blocks.
93
References:
94

Missing Lines and Portion on given views 1


i)
ii)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Understand the given views.

Complete the missing view with the help of missing lines and given two views.
Introduction: When two views of an object are given, the third one may be located with the help of projection lines
from the given views, for example, side view can be located by taking projections from the front and top views.
Materials:
Equipment:
Drawing table / drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw the margin lines and letter the title strip.
2. Draw the given two views.
3. Label points on the given views.
4. Draw the projection lines from the given views.
5. Joint the respective projection lines and find the
position of 3rd view.
Missing lines and views strengthen the imagination of projection theory.
Safety Precautions:
2. Strengthen the final lines by using proper pencils.
Special Assignment: Draw the following missing lines and views.
95
References:
96

Missing Lines and Portion on given views II


i)
ii)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Understand the given views.

Complete the missing view with the help of missing lines and given two views.
Introduction: When two views of an object are given, the third one may be located with the help of projection lines
from the given views, for example, side view can be located by taking projections from the front and top views.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw the margin lines and letter the title strip.
2. Draw the given two views.
3. Label points on the given views.
4. Draw the projection lines from the given views.
5. Joint the respective projection lines and find the
position of 3rd view.
To improve the concept of multi view drawing missing lines

And missing views are important.
Safety Precautions:
2. Strengthen the final lines by using proper pencils.
Special Assignment: Draw the following missing lines and views.

97
References:
98

Operation: - Development of Prism I
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
i)
ii)
_________
Identify prism and its terminology.

Draw development of prism.(any type)
Introduction: A layout of the complete surface of an object is called development. The development of an object
bounded by plane surfaces such as prism and pyramid may be thought of as being obtained by the turning the object.
Making surface development is an important part of industrial drafting. Many familiar items are made with them,
such as pipes, ducts, parts of air craft, automobile, storage tanks, cabinets, office steel furniture, boxes, cartons, food
packages and other items. Material used includes paper, cardboard, plastics steel, tin, copper, G.I and brass sheet,
etc.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw two views, front view and top views, of

rectangular prism (A).
2. Label the sides of the base/face of prism as 1-2, 2-3,
3-4, and 4-1.
3. Stretch the base line of front view (B).
4. Mark the sides of the base on line B taking true
sizes from top view.
5. Draw perpendicular from each point i.e. 1,2,3,4 and
1.
6. Project the height of the prism from front view.
Used in sheet metal and packaging industries.
Safety Precautions:
1. Take true size for development.
2. Show all construction works, which is light, neat and clean.
Special Assignment: Draw the following development of prism.

99
References:
100

Development of Hexagonal Prism II


i)
ii)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Apply the procedure of parallel line development.

Develop any right prism.
Introduction: Before developing the lateral surface of a prism, the true length of the edges and true size of right
sections must be determined. The lateral surface is 'unfolded' by first drawing a stretch out line and marking out
width of faces from the top view, along it in succession, from which perpendicular lines are draw to get projection of
height on it.
Materials:
Equipment:

Key points
PROCEDURE:1. Draw top view and view of the object.

2. Stretch out the base line and mark width of face 12, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 and 6-1 on it.
3. Stretch the base line of front view (B).
4. Mark the sides of the base on line B taking true
sizes from top view.
5. Draw perpendicular from each point i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6
and 1.
6. Project the height of the prism from front view.
Pipes, ducts, storage tanks, steel furnitures, food packaging, cartons, and paper
industries used development of various types.
Safety Precautions:
1. All measurements must be true.
2. Show construction with the help of neat, clean and light construction line.
3. All folds must be drawn in object lines.
Special Assignment: Draw the following development of cylinder.

101
References:
102

Operation:
Subject: -
Development of Cylinder

1)
2)
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
Identify the terminology of Cylinder.

Develop development of right Cylinder
Introduction:- When the lateral surface of right cylinder is rolled out on a plane, the base develops into a straight
line. The length of this line is equal to circumference of right section of cylinder (22/7 x diameter). The cylinder is
developed in manner similar for development of right prism.
Material:- Quarter imperial size drawing sheet ( 15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and
self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: -
Drawing table/drawing board, tee square, set square, compass and divider.
Procedure
Key points
1. Draw front view and top view of cylinder.

2. Stretch base line of front view
3. Mark it equal to circumference
4. Draw perpendicular from edges of marked
5. Stretch out the height by taking projection from
front view
6. Strengthen the development with object line
used in many geometrical works.
Safety Precautions:
1. Construction work is to be shown in proper lines.
2. Use proper pencil for better line work.
3. All folds must be drawn in object lines
103
Special Assignment: Draw the Development cylinder.
References:
104

Operation:
Subject: -
Development of Cone.
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
i)
Identify the terminology of right cone.
ii)
Develop the lateral surface
Introduction: - The development of a regular right circular cone is a sector of a circle. The development has a
radius equal to slant height of the cone and an included angle at the centre equal to r/s x 360o. In this equation
R is the radius and s is slant height.
The right cone may b developed by dividing the base into equally spaced elements in the top vie and by projecting
these on the base in the front view.
Material: - Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser
and self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: -
Key points
Draw top view and front view of the cone
1. Draw an arc taking radius equal to slant height.

2. Calculate the angle at centre using formula
Q=r/sx360 (r= radius of the base and , s= slant
height)
3. Mark the angle Q and finish the development with
object lines.
4. Divide base (Top view) into equal parts.
5. Project these parts in front view.
6. Construction an arc taking radius equal to slant
height.
7. Mark 12 parts 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 to 12-01) on arc.
8. Finish the development by strengthening the out
lines of development as object line.
Application and Try out
Widely used in Pipe and sheet metal industry, Paper industry, Packaging etc
Safety Precautions / Care

1. Show all construction lines in thin and light shape.
2. Drawing must be neat and clean.
3. Drawing must be visible.
Special Assignment: Draw the development as per instructions.
105
References:
106
OPERATION SHEET NO. 43, 44

Operation: - Development of Pyramid 1 & 2
Name: Amjad Elahi

Time
150 min
Date:
_________
i)
Identify the terminology of pyramid.
ii)
Construct true length diagram
iii)
Develop development of right pyramid
Introduction: - To develop the lateral surface of right pyramid. It is first necessary to determine the true length of
the edges and the true size of the base. After this the development may be constructed by laying out the faces in
successive order with their common edges joined.
Material: - Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and
self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: -
Key points
1. Draw top view and front view of the right pyramid.

Fig.
2. Draw a horizontal line aH1 from vertex/apex point
in top view.
3. From centre aH and radius aH1 cut horizontal line at
1.
4. Project 1 to lr on the stretched base line.
5. Joint AF and lr to get true length.
6. Take a centre point AD and construct an arc of AF
(true Length) radius.
7. Mark 1D-2D=1-2, 2D-3D=3-4 and 4D-1D=4-1 with
the help of compass.
8. Join AD, 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D and 1D to make four
triangles, the development.
Note : Similarly draw a Hexagonal pyramid
Application and Try out
Pipe and sheet metal industry, Paper industry, Packaging etc
Safety Precautions / Care

1. Show all construction lines in thin and light shape.
2. Drawing must be neat and clean.
3. Development must be visible.
Special Assignment: Draw the development as per instructions.
107
References:
108

CAD-I
(AutoCAD)
MT-163
LESSON PLANS
Table of Contents
Introductory of auto CAD
Introduction of auto CAD (user interface)
User interface (layer management)
Drawing and edit
Drawing and editing
Draw and Edit
11
Layers
13
Dimensions and symbols
15
Dimension and Symbols
17
Drawing Layout
19
LESSON PLAN
Introductory of auto CAD
Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Basic Eng. Drawing & CAD 1
Lesson No: 01
Name:
Time:
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1) Introduce the student with auto CAD

2) Give meaning and history of auto CAD
3) Need of auto CAD in modern
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:-
1. Explain word auto CAD

2. Previous version of auto CAD
3. Importance of auto CAD
4. Different coordinate systems
Time
allocated
1. Introduction of auto CAD:-
2. Meaning of auto CAD:-
Software used to make drawing

on computer
Auto for auto desk(a drawing

software making company) as
Microsoft
CAD means computer aid

drafting/ design
Previous version of CAD
3. History of CAD:-
Time
allocated
4. Importance of auto CAD
Need of cad due to the following
reasons in work quality
Faster , accurate, modifiable, saving
time labor speed , neatness of
duplication, design calculations,
standardized drawings,
5. Coordinate systems
Absolute coordinates, rotate

coordinate system, relative polar
coordinates, direct distance entry
6. Summary of lesson 01
Write down the steps for making

above drawing in all four coordinate
systems.
Testing & Follow Up:-
(to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work:

Meaning of auto CAD
___________
Name different coordinate systems?
___________
Special Assignment:-
(Usually home work)

Make an assignment of the comparison of coordinate systems______
_________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:-
A power point presentation of auto CAD and projector_____________

_________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD 2010 by auto desk
_______
Auto CAD _2010 TUTORIAL first level 2D fundamental_________
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No: 02
Name:
Time:
Introduction of auto CAD (user interface)

Subject (Course Title) MT-163
Basic drawing and CAD 1

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1) Familiarize the student with CAD
2) Achieve ability to draw simple drawing.
1. Explain the user interface

2. Knowledge about template.
3. Lawyers and their uses.
Time
allocated
User interface
Parts of user interface
Application menu and quick access

toolbar.
Similar look to auto CAD
Ribbon
Drawing area
Command window
Status bar
Info center and
Menu bar
Work space
Time
allocated
Add or remove tabs
Panel visibility
Panels
Panel tool visibility
Definition
2-Template
Purpose and benefit of drawing

temple file
Create a new template file

1) Describe the parts of user interface
____________
2) Define the template and its purpose
____________
(Usually home work)

Draw user interface and label its parts
___________________
____________________________________________________
Multimedia projector_________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD mechanical 2010 (auto desk official training guide)
______
___
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No: 03
Name:
Time:
User interface (layer management)

Engineering drawing and CAD1
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1) Describe the layer management

2) Explain the process for managing layer using mechanical layer management
Time
allocated
Layer management
Definition and purpose
Layer manages options
Current layer
Make a layer current
Turn a layer current
Turn a layer on or off
Freeze layer
How layer management system

works
Time
allocated
Lock or unlock layer
Make a layer potable or non potable
Move object from one layer to another
Make a layer current by selecting an

object

Description about layer manager
______
_____
__________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

State layer management
______
___________________________________________________________
Multimedia projector
_____________
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD 2010(Autodesk)
______
___________________________________________________________
LESSON PLAN
Drawing and edit
Engineering drawing and CAD 1
Lesson No: 04
Name:
Time:
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1) Understand the object snap

2) Understand the object properties
1. Concept of object snap

2. Understand object properties
Time
allocated
Matric with science
Object snap
Concept
To specify precise location objects
E.g.
Draw a line from the center of a circle
Provides a visual clue
Auto snaps
Object snap settings
End point
Mid point
Explain the settings
Show on multimedia projector
Time
allocated
Center
Node
Quadrant
Intersection
Extension
Perpendicular etc
Object properties
Color
Layer
Line weight
Definition

What do you mean by object snap?
_____________
___________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______________
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD 2010(auto desk)
______
__________________________________________________________
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No: 05
Name:
Drawing and editing
Time:
Drawing and CAD 1
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:After completing lecture students will

Understand the function of different draw
Commands
Learning about
1.draw lines, arcs , rectangle
2.draw ellipse and elliptical arcs
3.draw polygon like hexagon
4.draw poly lines and do nut
Time
allocated
Introduction about draw command
Function of following draw commands
Show Icons
Line
Arc
Rectangle
Ellipse and elliptical arc
To draw a straight line between

points
To draw curved lines between
points
Draw rectangle and square with
many options
To draw ellipse or elliptical arc.
Time
allocated
Polygon
To draw polygons of any number of

sides
Poly lines
Draw two dimensional poly lines
Donut
To draw inner and outer dia circle
Spine
Draw quadratic or cubic spline
Circle
Ray
M line
X line
To draw circle with many options

To draw an infinite line around a point
on 360
Draw multiple parallel lines
To draw an infinite lines

Ask about the function of different draw commands?
______
__________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD 2010(auto desk)
___________________________________________________________
10
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No: 06
Name:
Time:
Draw and Edit

Engineering drawing and CAD 1
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1) Know use of editing commands

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:1.
2.
3.
4.
Move , copy, offset, break

Fillet, chamfer, trim, extend
Erase, stretch, rotate, mirror
Array, scale, measure, divide
Time
allocated
Function of editing commands

State the following editing commands
Move
To remove the object from the

present position to the new one.
Copy
To make multiple copies of an existing

object
Offset
To draw parallel lines, concentric

circles, arcs, curves, rectangles
Break
To break an object from one or many

locations and break between two
points.
To erase the selected object
erase
11
Time
allocated
Fillet
Chamfer
Extend
Rotate
Mirror
Array
To make smooth round arc to connect

two points
To make taper corners avoiding sharp
corners
To extend lines up to a given location
To rotate any object on any angle
about 360
To make a mirrored object from any
line
To make a multiple copies an x and y
axis or polar 360 (rectangular or
circular)
To change the size of an object
The divide command is used to
Scale
divide
Divide and object into no of segments

without breaking.

Function of different editing commands
_____________
___________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD (auto desk)
______
___________________________________________________________
12
______
LESSON PLAN
Layers __
Lesson No: 07
Name:
Time:
Engineering and drawing CAD 1
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:Describe the creation and modifying layer
1. Set up layer and assign color and line

2. type to them
Time
allocated
Concept of layers
Creating new layers
Assigning line type or color
13
Concept of overlays in manual

drafting
Different details on different
sheets or overlays
Placed a top of each other
complete
In auto cad instead of overlays
you use layers
Select a new button

A new layer with name layer and
having properties is created
Can change or edit layer name by
selecting and editing a new name
You can assign the line type to

dress and any color to a new
layer
Time
allocated
Making a layer current
Controlling display of layers
Deleting layers
Selective display of layer
Setting layer from command line
Select the name of the desired layer
and then select the current button
You can control the display of layer by

selecting the layer and then selecting
the on / off , flow / freeze, unlock/
lock, toggle icons of any layer

Explain the function of layers?
_____________
___________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
______
__________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD by Autodesk
______
___________________________________________________________
14
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No: 08
Name:
Time:
Dimensions and symbols

Drawing and CAD1
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:Understand the need of dimensioning in drawing
1. Fundamental dimensioning terms

2. Select dimensioning command in auto
CAD
3. Create, linear, aligned, rotated,
baseline, and continue dimensions
Time
allocated
Need for dimensioning
Dimensioning in auto CAD
Dimensioning terms
Selecting dimensioning commands
15
Definition
Make designs more informative
and practical
Auto cad calculate the size itself
Dimension lines
Dimension text
Arrows
Extension lines
Leader
Center marks and center lines
Time
allocated
Linear dimensioning
Horizontal and vertical

dimensioning
Aligned dimensioning
Baseline dimensioning
Continue dimensioning
Angular dimensioning
Center marks and center lines
Diameter dimensioning
Drawing loader lines
Inclined objects not parallel to x or yaxis

What is dimensioning & its techniques.
____________
____________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Multimedia Projector
______
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto CAD (Auto desk)
______
___________________________________________________________
16
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No: 09
Name:
Time:
Dimension and Symbols

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:Understand the editing in Dimensioning
and create Symbols
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:1.
2.
3.
4.
Edit Dimensions
Stretch, Extend and Trim Dimension
Update Dimensions
Matric With Science
Annotations and Symbols
Time
allocated
Editing Dimensions
Edit Multiple Dimensions
Stretching Objects with

dimensions
Arranging Dimensions
Aligning Dimensions
Edit, Stretch, Arrange, Align, Join and
Break Dimensions
Move Existing Dimensions
Validate and modify Dimensions
We can modify multiple dimensions

We can create a selection set of
dimensions and edit them together.
We can modify the length or positions

of dimensions objects.
Used to rearrange linear and

coordinate dimensions.
Can align dimensions lines arrow

heads and text for group of
dimensions.
17
Time
allocated
Breaking dimension lines
Joining Dimensions
With Break command, Break Crossing
dimensions lies
Can combine multiple dimensions into

a single dimension
Can join also linear, align and angular
dimensions.
Splitting Dimensions
We can split a dimension into two

dimensions with insert command
Annotations and symbols
Feature control frame identifiers,

welds symbols and surface texture
symbols are the type of annotations.
These are the industry standard for
defining their configurations contents
and appearance.

Explain dimension editing command
_____
__________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

AutoCAD Mechanical by Autodesk
______
___________________________________________________________
18
LESSON PLAN
Lesson No:
Name:
Time:
Drawing Layout.
Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Basic
10
Engineering Drawing and cad
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:Creating drawing sheets.
1. Create layout views of model space

geometry.
2. Create production- ready drawing
sheets in model space.
Time
allocated
10
Layouts.
Layouts are an environment used

to output your drawing data.
In layout you select paper size to
plot and set its scale to full scale
(1: 1)
You create view parts on the
layout to view different model
space geometry at specified scale
factors.
View port /scale area.
Creating model views in layouts.
19
Time
allocated
Options view port/scale area.
Creating detail view in layouts.
Specific area at larger scale to show

enlarged areas of geometry.
Detail view creation options
10
Creating view ports
Circle
Border
Object
From scale area.

Zooming all viewports to defined
scales.
Viewports layer On / off creating
drawing sheets.

Explain the use of layouts and view ports
______
___________________________________________________________
(Usually home work)

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________
Reference: -

Auto Cad Mechanical Auto Desk
________
___________________________________________________________
20
21

CAD-I
(AutoCAD)
MT-163
OPERATION SHEETS
Table of Contents
Starting AutoCAD & user Interface
Understand Zoom, Pan and Orbit
Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal
Layer and object Property
Construction Line and Centre Line
Save AutoCAD Mechanical (Saving your work)
11
Line and Poly Line
13
Circle, Arc, and Ellipse command
15
Rectangle and polygon command
17
Dimension and Hatching command
19
Text Command
21
Copy, Mirror Command
23
Offset and Scale Command
25
Move and Rotate Command
27
Trim and Extend Command
29
Join and Break Command
31
Fillet and Chamfer Command
33
Explode Command
35
Exercise of Basic Drawing
37
Exercise of Mechanical Drawing
39
Operation Sheet No.1

Operation /job: -Starting AutoCAD & user Interface.
Subject: MT 163 Basic Engineering Drawing CAD-I
Objectives: - Understand starting AutoCAD.
Name:
Technology: Mechanical
Time & Date:
Understand title bar, Menu Bar, Ribbon, status bar & command line.
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Auto CAD is the need of present age. Drawings are prepared rapidly.
Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: Computer with Auto CAD 2010.

Key Points/Precautions For Skillful Performance
1. Turn on Computer
2. Click all Programs.
3. Click AutoCAD or Double click on AutoCAD
Icon from desktop.
4. See title bar on top of AutoCAD screen.
5. There is Menu Bar and ribbon below title
Bar.
6. See Draw Area, status bar, Browser and
command line.
Application and Try out: All students try to open AutoCAD program.
Safety Precautions / Care:
1. Click on AutoCAD icon twice in a moment.
2. Shutdown computer properly.
3. Dont use USB or CD/DVD without scanning.
Special Assignment: Draw user Interface on a paper and show AutoCAD screen parts .
Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:
References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk.

Operation /job: -Understand Zoom, Pan and Orbit.
Objectives: - 1) Understand Zoom option uses.
Name:
Time & Date:
2) Understand uses of Pan & orbit.

Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: We can reduce, enlarge, move & rotate view of drawn objects.
Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: Computer with AutoCAD 2010.

Zoom:1. Invoke the Zoom command.

2. Pick a point in the drawing window (LMB), press
and drag up to zoom in and down to zoom out.
3. Right-click (RMB) to access the shortcut menu
and select Exit.
PAN:1. Invoke the Pan command.

2. Pick a point in the drawing window (LMB), press
and drag to pan the view.
3. Right-click (RMB) to access the shortcut menu
and pick Exit.
Orbit:1. Rotate the drawing three dimensionally.
Application and Try out: Draw simple object and try zoom, Pan & orbit.
1. Always use right option for zoom.
2. Pan the object within drawing window.
3. Shut down the computer properly.
Special Assignment: Class practice.

Operation /job: -Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal.
Subject: - MT 163 Basic Engineering Drawing CAD-I
Objectives: - Understand the use of object snap, grid & orthogonal.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: We can save our effort and time by using these option.
Grid (F7):1. This switch turns the Grid ON and OFF. The Grid
is a visual tool, the dot lines act as a graph that
can be used as a graph that can be used as
reference lines in drawing.
Orthogonal(F8):1. Use Ortho (for orthogonal) ON when dragging

the mouse to:
2. Draw straight lines
3. Move, Copy, or Mirror objects along a linear
plane
4. Rotate objects in 90-degree increments.
5. ORTHO is either ON or OFF and does not have a
Settings option.
Object Snap(F3):1. When Object Snap (OSNAP) is ON, the cursor will
always gravitate
2. To specified points on objects in the drawing.
Unlike SNAP, which follows a grid pattern, OSNAP
refers to objects in the drawing and will display
object snap markers.
Application and Try out: Draw given drawing by using Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal.
1. Use orthogonal command to draw lines at right angles.
2. Always turn off the running object snap modes selection and click on your desired option.
Special Assignment: Make drawing and save it.
5

Operation /job: -Layer and object Property.
Objectives: - Setup layers & assigns colors & line type to them.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Layers are useful for some editing operation e.g. if you want to erase all dimension draw it on a separate
layer.
To make a Layer current:

1. Select the down arrow in the Layer list.
2. Select the layer (name) to make it current.
To change a Layer state:

1. Select the down arrow in the Layer list.
2. Select the desired option: On/Off, Freeze/Thaw,
Lock/Unlock, Plot/no plot.
To move objects from one Layer to another:

1. With the Command Line blank (press Escape),
select the objects to change.
2. Select the down arrow in the Layer list. And
select the desired layer.
3. Press Escape two times to deselect the object
and cancel the grips.
Application and Try out: Practice the above layer commands.

Safety Precautions / Care: Use different colors for different layers.
Special Assignment: Class practice.

Operation /job: -Construction Line and Centre Line.
Objectives: - Understand Construction Line and Centre Line.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Construction lines help to make a drawing quickly.
Construction Line:1. Click Home tab Draw panel Construction Line. Or

At the command prompt, enter xline.
2. Specify a point to define the root of the
construction line.
3. Specify a second point through which the
construction line should pass.
4. Continue to specify construction lines as needed.
5. All subsequent xlines pass through the first point
specified.
6. Press ENTER to end the command.
Center Line:1. Start the Center line command.

2. Specify the center line start point.
3. Specify the center line end point.
Application and Try out: Draw the Construction Lines and Centre Lines.
Safety Precautions / Care: Always turn off the computer after closing all application.
Special Assignment:
10

Operation /job: -Save AutoCAD Mechanical (Saving your work).
Objectives: - Understand saving work.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Like other documents we can also save our drawing for further use & record.
Saving your work:1. We can use many options to save our work such
as save, save as and Q save.
Command : Save, Save as
2. Save command can be entered at command

prompt or from File (pull down menu or from
menu browser).
3. Invoke save command requires the file name /
folder name and location of folder in which
drawing is being saved.
Application and Try out: Draw a simple drawing and save it.
Safety Precautions / Care:Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often
once saving your work use Q save button after doing some work again and again.
11
Special Assignment: Make drawing and save it.

30
50
12

Operation /job: -Line and Poly Line.
Objectives: - Perform Line and Poly Line commands.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Lines are used to show the shape of any object.
Line:Toolbar Menu : Draw / Line

Pull Down Menu: Draw / Line
Command
: LINE
Alias
:L
A line is defined by two points.
1. Specify the first point then specify the next
point.
2. Type c to close two or more line segments.
Poly Line:1.
2.
3.
4.
Invoke the Pline command.

Specify a start point.
Type W for width (and <ENTER
Specify a starting width (and <ENTER and
an ending width (and <ENTER
5. Specify the next point, using the methods
learned in drawing line segments.
6. Type L (and <ENTER to return to the Line
mode.
7. Type C (and <ENTER to Close the polyline.
Application and Try out: Draw a simple drawing and save it.
Safety Precautions / Care: Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often
Special Assignment: Make drawing of poly line.
13
14

Operation /job: -Circle, Arc, and Ellipse command.
Objectives: - Perform Circle, Arc, and Ellipse commands.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Mostly drawing have Circle, Arc, and Ellipse .
Circle:1. Begin the Circle command, and pick the

center point.
2. Type the radius, or press <ENTER> and select
the Diameter option. Then type the
diameter.
Arc:1. Begin the Arc command, from the Toolbar to

draw a 3-point arc, or select one of the Arc
options from the Pull-Down Menu.
Ellipse:1. Begin the Ellipse command.

2. Pick a center point.
3. Pick a second point to indicate one axis end
of the ellipse.
4. Move the mouse in a perpendicular direction
from the second point to set the second axis.
5. Enter a radius distance or select a point.
Application and Try out: Draw the above diagrams.
15
Safety Precautions / Care: Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often
Special Assignment: Make following drawing.
16

Operation /job: -Rectangle and polygon command.
Objectives: - Perform Rectangle and polygon commands.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: We can draw any number of side of polygon by polygon command .
Rectangle:To draw a rectangle by picking opposite

corners:
1. Begin the rectangle command, and pick the
first comer.
2. Drag the mouse and pick the opposite
comer.
To draw a rectangle using coordinates:

1. Begin the rectangle command, and pick the
first comer.
2. Type '@5,3' to create a 5 x 3 rectangle
Polygon:1. Begin the Polygon command. Type the

number of sides, and press <ENTER>.
2. Specify the center of the Polygon.
3. Determine whether it is Inscribed (I) or
Circumscribed (C) about the radius of the
circle.
4. Specify the radius.
Application and Try out: Practice these commands.

1. Beginner should ignore the other rectangle option which appears at command line.
2. Always type I for in and C for cicum polygon.
17
Rectangle:-
Polygon:
18

Operation /job: -Dimension and Hatching command.
Objectives: - Perform Dimension and Hatching commands.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Without dimensioning drawing is incomplete.

For Linear or Aligned dimensions:

1. Select the desired dimension command.
2. Use the appropriate Object Snaps to select the
dimension line origin points. Drag the
cursor and pick the dimension location. Note: To
dimension a single line segment, press
<ENTER>, then select the line.
For Radius, Diameter, or Center Mark

dimensions:
1. Select the desired dimension command.
2. Pick the Circle, Arc, or Line to dimension. Drag the
cursor and pick the dimension
location. Note: Center Mark will simply be placed at
the center.
For Baseline or Continued Dimensions:

1. Begin by placing a Linear, Aligned or Angular
Dimension, using Object Snaps to select
the origin points.
2. Invoke the Baseline or Continued Dimension. Using
Object Snaps, pick the next
dimension line origins. When finished, press <ENTER>
Safety Precautions / Care: Select appropriate object to pick the origin points.
19
20

Operation /job: -Text Command.
Objectives: - Perform Text command.
Name:
Time & Date:
______
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Show the different style of text.

Single Line Text:

1. Begin the Single Line Text command by typing
DT (and <ENTER.
2. Pick a start point in the Drawing Window.
3. Type the text height, or press <ENTER> to
accept the default Text height.
4. Press <ENTER> to accept the default rotation
angle (0) or type a new angle.
5. Type the first line of text. Press <ENTER>.
Type the second line of text. Press <ENTER>
twice to complete the d text command.
Multiline Text:1. Invoke the Multiline Text command by typing

T or selecting the icon from the draw toolbar.
2. Specify Text area by picking the first corner,
then the opposite comer in the drawing
Window.
3. Type the Multiline Text Editor Dialog box.
4. Select OK to exit.

Safety Precautions / Care: Use single line text for few words and Multiline text for a paragraph.
21
22

Operation /job: -Copy, Mirror Command.
Objectives: - Perform Copy, Mirror command.
Name:
______
Time & Date:
______
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Copy command reduces the time to draw we can get multiple copies of same object.
Copy:1. Invoke the Copy Command.

2. Select the objects to Copy, and press <ENTER>.
3. Pick a point on or near the object as the base
point.
4. Drag the mouse and pick the location for the
copied object.
5. Press <ESC> to exit the command or right click
and select <ENTER>.
Command : copy
Alias : co or cp
Mirror:1. Invoke the Mirror Command.

2. Select the objects to mirror and press <ENTER>.
3. Pick the first point of the mirror line. Drag the
mouse and pick the second line.
4. At the prompt Delete source objects? [Yes/No]
<N>, press <ENTER> to accept the default or type
Y to delete the source objects.

1. Press enter often selecting the object for copy.
2. Be careful at the propt delete source object.
23
Command : Mirror
Alias : MI

24

Operation /job: -Offset and Scale Command.
Objectives: -Perform Offset and Scale command.
Name:
Time & Date:
______
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Show these command.

Offset Command:1. Invoke the Offset Command.

2. Type the Offset distance.
3. Select the object to Offset, then pick the side
to offset the object.
Scale Command:1. Invoke the Scale Command.

2. Select the objects to Scale, and press
<ENTER>.
3. Pick a base point on or near the object.
4. Type the Scale Factor and press <ENTER>.

1. Before selecting the object in offset command type offset distance first.
2. Type scale factor carefully while using scale command.
25

26

Operation /job: -Move and Rotate Command.
Objectives: - Perform Move and Rotate command.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Show function these command.

Move Command:1. Invoke the Move Command.

2. Select the objects to Move and press <ENTER>.
3. Pick a point on or near the object for the base
point.
4. Drag the mouse and pick the new location or
use absolute, relative coordinates, polar
coordinates, or the direct distance method to
relocate the object.
Rotate Command:1.
2.
3.
4.
Invoke the Rotate Command.

Select the objects to rotate, and press <ENTER>.
Pick a base point on or near the object.
Type the rotation angle or drag the mouse and
pick the rotation angle.

1. For move command select the object first and press enter.
2. For rotate command choose the rotation angle carefully.
27

28

Operation /job: -Trim and Extend Command.
Objectives: - Perform Trim and Extend command.
Name:
Time & Date:
______

Trim Command:1. Invoke the Trim command.

2. Select the cutting edges, and press <ENTER>.
3. Select the objects to trim.
Extend Command:1. Invoke the Extend command.

2. Select the boundary edges, and press
<ENTER>.
3. Select the objects to extend towards the
boundary edge.

1. An object must be crossed by the cutting edge to be trimmed.
2. Select the object to extend anywhere on the half that is closest to the boundry
29

References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk
30

Operation /job: -Join and Break Command.
Objectives: - Perform Join and Break command.
Name:
______
Time & Date:
______

Join Command:1.
2.
3.
4.
Invoke join command.

Select the objects first.
Select the 2nd object
Press <ENTER>.
Command : JOIN
Alias
:J
Break Command:1. Invoke Break command.

2. Select the boundary edges
3. If we want a gap in a continuous line the select
the 2nd point and press enter.

The point to join must not so far.
Break the line carefully.
31
Command : break
Alias
: Br
32

Operation /job: -Fillet and Chamfer Command.
Objectives: - Perform Fillet and Chamfer command.
Name:
______
Time & Date:
______

Fillet Command:1. Begin the Fillet command.

2. To change the current radius, type R (and
<ENTER. Type the desired radius (and <ENTER.
Press <ENTER> to repeat to the Fillet command.
3. Select the first object, then select the second
object.
Command : Fillet
Alias
:F
Chamfer Command:1. Invoke Chamfer command.

2. Select the chamfer angle or 1st and 2nd distances
for chamfer.
3. Select the 1st object and then select the 2nd
object.
Command : Chamfer

Safety Precautions / Care: Do not set the radius to fillet parallel lines.
33
34

Operation /job: -Explode Command.
Objectives: - Perform Explode command.
Name:
Time & Date:

Explode Command:1. Begin Explode command

2. Select the object to explode with pick loss and
press <Enter>
3. Now check the object by selecting by selecting it,
it would be divided into several objects.
Command : Explode

Safety Precautions / Care: Think carefully before exploding the object.
35
36

Operation /job: -Exercise of Basic Drawing.
Objectives: - Perform several Exercise of Basic Drawing.
Name:
Time & Date:
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Show Exercise of Basic Drawing.

1. Draw the construction of given object.

2. Dimension objects
3. Add test to objects and save them.
Application and Try out: Practice all commands.

Safety Precautions / Care: Draw the objects one by one.
37
38

Operation /job: -Exercise of Mechanical Drawing.
Objectives: - Perform several Exercise of Drawing.
Name:
______
Time & Date:
______
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: Show Exercise of Mechanical Drawing.

1. Draw the given object.

2. Dimension objects
3. Add test to objects and save them.
Application and Try out: Practice all commands.

Safety Precautions / Care: Draw the objects one by one.
39
References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk
40

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DAE Mechanical Technology

Basic Engineering Drawing &

Basic Engineering Drawing &

Application of Technical Drawing

Drafting equipments, construction, use and care

Sketching and Shape Description

Introduction to Multi view drawing

Introduction to Multi-view Projection

Introduction to Multi-view Projection

Introduction to Multi-view Projection

Introduction to Pictorial Drawing

Introduction to Pictorial Drawing

Introduction to Pictorial drawing

Introduction to Pictorial drawing

Introduction to the Development

Introduction to the Development

Application of Technical Drawing

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:1. Know the graphic/Universal Language and its types.

Expected Entry behaviors

Describe the Engineering Team

SSC, General Information About Sketching

TOPICS, NOTES (Brief)

INTRODUCTION Graphic/universal language

Drawing is a method to describe

Someone has said a picture is

What do you think

You will need for a better life style in this century.

Gift of creative imagination is more

TOPICS, NOTES (Brief)

Vee Block (example)

In industry design ideas communicated

Gear, cam, rotating shafts Propellers

Begins idea in the mind of Engineer or

Designer and Engineer gives a sketch

Especially useful in Architecture

Level three:(Market communication)

Level four:(Construction communication)

These drawing must be complete so that

Inventor is a creator who gives the idea.

1.2 Language of Engineering Terminology

Role of Engineering Team

Designer design it properly, how its work

Engineering Design Terms 2/1

Drawing is universal graphic language

Must be familiar with these terms

Refer to all the following types of

Tools & technologies used by designers,

Broad terms which expresses

A technical drawing made with drafting

A mechanical drawing used by the

Graphic illustration/drawing that

A method for solving special and

CAD and Drafting CAD.

Interactive design tool used to produce

A beginning course in the basic language

Everything revolves around the Engineer and his

Most important form

Graphic communication base (lines and

1.3 Uses of Technical Drawing

Explain from idea to drawing sketch etc.

Testing & Follow Up: -

(to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)